45-530: Melbourne Town Hall , often referred to as simply Town Hall , is the administrative seat of the local municipality of the City of Melbourne and the primary offices of the Lord Mayor and city councillors of Melbourne. Located on the northeast corner of Swanston and Collins street in the central business district of Melbourne , Victoria, Australia , the building was completed in 1887 and heritage listed on
90-653: A civic reception at the Melbourne Town Hall. "Outside 20,000 teenagers had gathered to obtain a glimpse of the pop idols. Again, frenzied and hysterical cheering and uncontrollable screaming erupted when the Beatles emerged." The Town Hall was designed by the famous local architect Joseph Reed and Barnes, in the Second Empire style. Reed's designs also included the State Library of Victoria ,
135-505: A fire destroyed a large part of the town hall, including the main auditorium and pipe organ valued then at £15,000. It was rebuilt and enlarged, extending east over the site previously occupied by the Victoria Coffee Palace, an early temperance hotel frequented by Melbourne's power brokers. The rebuilt section lost some of Reed's original flourishes including the elaborate mansard roof. In 1964, The Beatles attended
180-520: A fire destroyed it in 1925. A new organ constructed by Hill Norman & Beard was installed in 1929 and has since then been rebuilt and enlarged by Schantz Organ Company of the United States of America from 1995 to 2001 at a cost of $ 4.5 million. The rebuild included 2 new floating divisions (Fanfare & Bombarde), many new voices and a secondary moveable console The stop list is as follows: Seat of government The seat of government
225-566: A major project to restore the former German Garden of the Western Forecourt. The area had been covered by asphalt in the 1950s for car parking. In 2018, The Australian Government granted $ 20 million for heritage restoration works to protect and promote the Royal Exhibition Building. The Australian Department of Environment and Energy, along with Heritage Victoria , Creative Victoria and Museums Victoria oversaw
270-517: A redecoration of the Auditorium after a fire in 1925. Waller, who had been given a free hand in devising the artworks explained that the figures were not intended to be allegorical, but to create rhythm, and that line-work was used because a skin of paint would interfere with the panels' sound-absorbing quality. The actual painting on the series of 7 metre high by 4m wide wall sections from Waller's half-scale cartoons produced in his Darebin studio
315-463: A visit to Victoria, Princess Alexandra unveiled a plaque which commemorated both the opening of the new mirror-glass "Centennial Hall", and the centenary of the building. She also unveiled a second plaque commemorating the bestowal of the title "Royal" on the building by Her Majesty the Queen. Following the outcry over the ballroom demolition, and the appointment of new Trustees and a new Chair in 1983,
360-400: Is (as defined by Brewer's Politics ) "the building, complex of buildings or the city from which a government exercises its authority ". In most countries, the nation's capital is also seat of its government, thus that city is appropriately referred to as the national seat of government. The terms are not however, completely synonymous, as some countries ' seat of government differs from
405-568: Is 150 metres (490 ft) long and is surrounded by four city streets. It is situated at 9 Nicholson Street in the Carlton Gardens , flanked by Victoria, Carlton and Rathdowne Streets, at the north-eastern edge of the central business district . It was built to host the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880–81, and then hosted the even larger Centennial International Exhibition in 1888. It
450-400: Is still in beautiful condition, crowned by an octagonal drum and dome rising 68 metres, and 18.3 metres across. The dome was formed using cast iron and timber frame and has a double shell. At the crossing, windows in the drum of the dome bring in sunlight for a bright open space. The interior is painted in the colour scheme of 1901, with murals and the words "Victoria Welcomes All Nations" under
495-607: The Australian Exhibition of Women's Work . During the 1919 Spanish flu epidemic , the building was used as an influenza hospital. As it decayed, it became known derogatively by locals as The White Elephant in the 1940s and by the 1950s, like many buildings in Melbourne of that time it was earmarked for replacement by office blocks. In 1948, members of the Melbourne City Council put this to
SECTION 10
#1732765505341540-687: The French General Paul Pau , the Princes of Wales Edward VIII , and Prince Henry, the Duke of Gloucester . James was described as a "friend, guide, and philosopher" to many Lord Mayors of Melbourne. When opera singer Dame Nellie Melba performed at the Hall in 1928, she wanted to give an encore, but her piano had been packed up and there was no music. James lent her his piano from his upstairs penthouse so she could perform. On 1 February 1925,
585-665: The Melbourne Town Hall , the State Library of Victoria , and the Baroque style gardens. The Royal Exhibition Building was the largest design completed by Reed and Barnes. According to Reed, the eclectic design was inspired by many sources. Composed of brick, timber, steel, and slate, the Exhibition Building is representative of the Byzantine, Romanesque, Lombardic and Italian Renaissance styles. The dome
630-562: The Royal Exhibition Building , and Melbourne Trades Hall . The building is topped by Prince Alfred's Tower, named after the Duke. The tower includes a 2.44 m diameter clock, which was started on 31 August 1874, after being presented to the council by the Mayor's son, Vallange Condell. It was built by Smith and Sons of London. The longest of its copper hands measures 1.19 m long, and weighs 8.85 kg. The building and
675-486: The Victorian Heritage Register in 1974. The building is frequently used for art and cultural events such as concerts , festivals , theatrical plays and exhibitions . Melbourne was officially incorporated as a town on 13 December 1842, with Henry Condell as its first Mayor . However, it was not until 1854 that its first Town Hall was completed. Begun in 1851, the work ground to a halt with
720-484: The 1888 Exhibition, over 100,000 people paid to enjoy the views. The promenade remained a central feature of Melbourne life until it was closed in the 1920s for structural repairs, which unfortunately never eventuated. After being closed for nearly a century, the Dome Promenade was officially reopened on 28 October 2022, as part of the $ 20 Million heritage restoration works to the building. The first tour of
765-530: The 1901 opening. On 1 July 2004, the Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens was granted listing as a World Heritage Site , the first building in Australia to be granted this status. The heritage listing states that "The Royal Exhibition Building is the only major extant nineteenth-century exhibition building in Australia. It is one of the few major nineteenth-century exhibition buildings to survive worldwide." In October 2009, Museum Victoria embarked upon
810-420: The 1st October 1980, it was announced that Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II had conferred the title of "Royal" to the Exhibition Building. It received restoration throughout the 1990s and in 2004 became the first building in Australia to be awarded UNESCO World Heritage status, being one of the last remaining major 19th-century exhibition buildings in the world. It is the world's most complete surviving site from
855-678: The Australian Parliament. This was held in the same site as the opening of the first Parliament of Australia exactly 100 years earlier. This event commemorated the Centenary of that event specifically, and the Centenary of Federation more generally. The joint sitting was addressed by the Governor-General, Sir William Deane . A painting by artist Robert Hannaford was commissioned to capture this 2001 event, with his artwork echoing Tom Roberts' Big Picture that captured
900-456: The Hall's penthouse, raising their children there, and retired in 1943. During their upbringing in the Town Hall, their only playing space was a small asphalt yard where the children went "pigeon-nesting" on the roof. In his obituary in 1946, The Argus reported that James was a familiar face at the Hall in this era. In his duties, he greeted various visitors from locals to royals, including
945-675: The International Exhibition movement 1851–1914. It sits adjacent to the Melbourne Museum and is the largest item in Museum Victoria's collection. Today, the building hosts various exhibitions and other events and is closely tied with events at the Melbourne Museum. The Royal Exhibition Building was designed by the architect Joseph Reed of Reed and Barnes architecture, who also designed
SECTION 20
#1732765505341990-725: The Melbourne Centennial Exhibition in 1888, celebrating a century of European settlement in Australia. The most significant event to occur in the Exhibition Building was the opening of the first Parliament of Australia on 9 May 1901, following the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia on 1 January. After the official opening, the Federal Parliament moved to the Victorian State Parliament House , while
1035-524: The Royal Exhibition Building has a rich history as one of Melbourne’s most iconic tourist attractions. During the late 1800s, it was the go-to spot for visitors seeking panoramic views of the growing city and its new suburbs as there were very few other tall buildings to block the sweeping vistas in all directions. The promenade was particularly popular during the Melbourne International Exhibitions of 1880 and 1888. For
1080-510: The Sydney Opera House organ has more pipes thanks to its entirely "straight" design; there is no borrowing or duplexing at all whereas the Melbourne Town Hall organ makes extensive use of borrowing in the pedal division). The organ is best suited for romantic and symphonic works but is capable of playing just about anything thanks to its vast tonal resources. The organ was originally built by Hill & son (of England) in 1872 before
1125-819: The Victorian Parliament moved to the Exhibition Building for the next 26 years. On 3 September 1901, the Countess of Hopetoun , wife of the Governor-General , announced the winners of a competition to design the Australian National Flag . A large flag, 5.5 metres by 11 metres, was unfurled and flown over the dome of the Royal Exhibition Building. In 1902, the building hosted the Australian Federal International Exhibition and in 1907
1170-540: The beginning of the Victorian gold rush . The foundation stone of a new, grander Town Hall was laid on 29 November 1867 by the visiting Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh , after the demolition of the first. The current town hall officially opened on 11 August 1870 with a lavish ball , which was personally funded by the Lord Mayor Samuel Amess . The foundation stone of the additional front portico
1215-649: The capital. The Netherlands , for example, has Amsterdam as its capital but The Hague is the seat of government; and the Philippines , with Manila as its capital but the metropolitan area of the same name (Metro Manila; also known as National Capital Region (NCR)), is the seat of government. Local and regional authorities usually have a seat, called an administrative centre , as well. Terms for seats of local government of various levels and in various countries include: Examples of seats of government include: There are several countries where, for various reasons,
1260-581: The carpark to the north, which involved the demolition of the 1960s annexes in 1997–98. The biennial Melbourne Art Fair took place at the Royal Exhibition Building from 1988 to 2014. The location of the Melbourne Museum close to the Exhibition Building site was strongly opposed by the Victorian State Labor Party , the Melbourne City Council and some in the local community. Due to the community campaign opposing
1305-508: The dome surviving from 1888. In 1888, electric lighting was installed for the Centennial International Exhibition, making it one of the first in the world that was accessible during night time. The interior decorations changed between the two exhibitions of 1880 and 1888. In 1880, the walls were left bare and windows and door joinery coloured green. In 1888, walls were painted for the first time. The decoration
1350-462: The heritage of the building began to be seen as important as providing modern space for exhibitions. The first conservation assessment of the building was undertaken by Alan Willingham in 1987, and over the following decades the Great hall was progressively renovated and restored. In 1996, the then Premier of Victoria, Jeff Kennett , proposed the location and construction of Melbourne's State Museum in
1395-482: The history of the Royal Exhibition Building and Melbourne. Due to the buildings age, heritage experts suggest further restoration works to the building are needed, both internally and externally. The works are predicted to cost around 50 million dollars. As of September 2024, no further funding has been allocated by the Australian Government or Victorian Government. The Dome Promenade at
Melbourne Town Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
1440-497: The museum development, John Brumby , then State opposition leader, with the support of the Melbourne City Council, proposed the nomination of the Royal Exhibition Building for world heritage listing. The world heritage nomination did not progress until the election of the Victorian State Labor Party as the new government in 1999. On 9 May 2001, the Royal Exhibition Building hosted a special joint sitting of
1485-480: The official capital and de facto seat of government are separated: Royal Exhibition Building The Royal Exhibition Building is a UNESCO World Heritage -listed building in Melbourne , Victoria, Australia , built in 1879–1880 as part of the international exhibition movement, which presented over 50 exhibitions between 1851 and 1915 around the globe. The building sits on approximately 26 hectares (64 acres),
1530-563: The portico, excluding the interiors, were first classified on the basis of its Venetian Renaissance facade architecture by the National Trust in 1964 and reclassified in 1971. The organ and the 1927 murals by Napier Waller commissioned for £1,700 (a 2021 value of A$ 138,340.00) are also classified as historically significant at the State level. They were painted directly in line onto the newly installed asbestos Celotex acoustic tiles in
1575-524: The recent Covid-19 pandemic, the building was used as a mass vaccination centre, operated by St Vincent's Hospital. The Royal Exhibition Building is used as an exam hall for the University of Melbourne , Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology , Melbourne High School , Nossal High School , Mac.Robertson Girls' High School and Suzanne Cory High School . The building is no longer Melbourne's largest commercial exhibition centre. The modern alternative
1620-464: The reopened Dome Promenade, available to the public ran on the 29th October 2022. Museums Victoria are the custodians of the Royal Exhibition Building. Daily tours of the Dome Promenade can be booked on their website or at Melbourne Museum. The Royal Exhibition Building is used to this day as an exhibition venue for various festivals and fairs such as Melbourne Fashion Festival , Melbourne International Flower and Garden Show and Brickvention . During
1665-461: The various internal and external projects that were all completed by 2022. Externally, sections of the facade underwent conservation works. Internally, renovations included restoring the timber flooring and some old staircases, which were replaced by much safer stairs made from concrete and steel. The basement also underwent restoration works and has now been turned into a curatorial exhibition space with various items on display telling
1710-526: The vote and it was narrowly decided not to demolish the building. The wing of the building which once housed Melbourne Aquarium burnt down in 1953. It was a venue for the 1956 Summer Olympics , hosting the basketball , weightlifting , wrestling , and the fencing part of the modern pentathlon competitions. During the 1940s and 1950s, the building remained a venue for regular weekly dances. Over some decades of this period it also held boat shows, car shows and other regular home and building industry shows. It
1755-544: Was also used during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s for State High School Matriculation and for the Victorian Certificate of Education examinations, among its various other purposes. The western annexe was demolished in the 1970s. The last remaining original annex, the grand ballroom, was demolished amid controversy in 1979. It was replaced with a new building on the same footprint providing more exhibition space, clad in mirror glass, in 1980. On 1 October 1980 during
1800-756: Was by interior designer John Ross Anderson. It was built by David Mitchell , who also built Scots' Church and St Patrick's Cathedral . He was also the father of the famed soprano Dame Nellie Melba , who sang at the opening of the Provisional Parliament House in Canberra in 1927. Mitchell was a member of the Council of the Royal Agricultural society and also the Builders and Contractor's association. The foundation stone
1845-476: Was laid by Victorian governor George Bowen on 19 February 1879 and it was completed in just 18 months, opening on October 1, 1880, as the Melbourne International Exhibition . The building consisted of a Great Hall of over 12,000 square metres, flanking lower annexes to the north on the east and west sides, and many temporary galleries between. In the 1880s, the building hosted two major International Exhibitions: The Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880 and
Melbourne Town Hall - Misplaced Pages Continue
1890-553: Was laid in 1887, and Sir Henry Weedon laid the foundation of the administrative annex building on 27 August 1908. An early cinema event Soldiers of the Cross premiered at the Melbourne Town Hall on 13 September 1900 to an audience of about four thousand people. In 1913, the city hired a hall keeper in his 30s named James "Jimmy" Dewar, a Scottish immigrant and Black Watch veteran from Dundee . He continued to work there loyally for 30 years. James lived with his wife and family in
1935-543: Was modeled on the Florence Cathedral , while the main pavilions were influenced by the style of Rundbogenstil and several buildings from Normandy, Caen and Paris. The building has the scale of the French Beaux Arts , with a cruciform plan in the shape of a Latin cross, with long nave-like wings symmetrically placed east–west about the central dome, and a shorter wing to the north. The Great Hall
1980-518: Was then chosen as the site for the Federation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 . The building is representative of the financial wealth and pride that the city of Melbourne and state of Victoria had in the 1870s. Throughout the 20th century smaller sections and wings of the building were subject to demolition and fire; however, the main building, known as the Great Hall, survived. On
2025-491: Was undertaken by H. Oliver and Sons under the artist's supervision. The Main Auditorium includes a magnificent concert organ , now comprising 147 ranks and 9,568 pipes. The organ can be played by a fixed console located directly beneath the front pipes or by a secondary mobile console which is placed in close view of the audience for recitals. This organ is of great significance as it is the largest and most comprehensive pipe organ in Australia (measuring by number of voices/stops,
#340659