Misplaced Pages

#341658

45-619: (Redirected from Mend ) [REDACTED] Look up mend in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Mend or MEND may refer to: to mend, or to repair Mend, Iran , a village 2-Succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic-acid synthase , encoded by menD gene in E. coli Meet Each Need with Dignity , a Californian non-profit (food bank, support services for homeless etc.) Arts and entertainment [ edit ] Mend (album) , by De Rosa, 2006 The Mend (group) ,

90-588: A British boy band The Mend (film) , a 2014 American film "The Mend", a song by ZZ Ward from Dirty Shine , 2023 Politics [ edit ] Muslim Engagement and Development , a British NGO Middle East Nonviolence and Democracy , a Palestinian NGO Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta , a Nigerian militant group Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

135-442: A building when the coverage is poor. They will usually be placed on a roof or a wall in each building. Desalination plants are responsible for removing salt from water sources so that it becomes usable for human consumption. Reverse osmosis , multi-stage flash and multi-effect distillation , are three main types of equipment and processes used that differentiate desalination plants. Thermal technologies such as MSF and MED are

180-724: A key component of mobile telecommunications infrastructure. They connect the end user to the main network. They have physical barriers protecting transition equipment and are placed on masts or on the roofs/sides of buildings. Where it is located is determined by the local radio frequency coverage that is required. These base stations utilize different kinds of antennas, either on buildings or on landscapes, to transmit signals back and forth Directional antennas are used to direct signals in different direction, whereas line-of-sight radio-communication antennas, allow for communication in-between base stations. Base stations are of three types: macro-, micro- and pico-cell sub-stations. Macro cells are

225-500: A large network of equipment to retrieve, store and transfer water to a plant for treatment. Water from underground water sources are typically extracted via wells to be transported to a plant. Typical well equipment includes pipes, pumps, and shelters. If this underground water source is distant from the treatment plant, then aqueducts are commonly used to transport it. Many transport equipment, such as aqueducts, pipes , and tunnels utilize open-channel flow to ensure delivery of

270-422: A mixing tank. Variable-speed paddle mixers are used to identify the best mix of salts to use for a specific body of water being treated. Flocculation basins use temperature to condense unsafe particles together. Setting tanks are then used to perform sedimentation , which removes certain solids using gravity so that they accumulate at the bottom of the tank. Rectangular and center feed basins are used to remove

315-749: A plant required to operate or maintain it. The design and equipment of a nuclear power plant , has for the most part, remained stagnant over the last 30 years. There are three types of reactor cooling mechanisms: light water reactors , liquid metal reactors , and high-temperature gas-cooled reactors . While, for the most part, equipment remains the same, there have been some minimal modifications to existing reactors improving safety and efficiency. There have also been significant design changes for all these reactors. However, they remain theoretical and unimplemented. Nuclear power plant equipment can be separated into two categories: primary systems and balance-of-plant systems. Primary systems are equipment involved in

360-403: A predicted/fixed shelf life schedule. These items are given to tax-exempt institutions. Condition-based maintenance ( CBM ), shortly described, is maintenance when need arises . Albeit chronologically much older, It is considered one section or practice inside the broader and newer predictive maintenance field, where new AI technologies and connectivity abilities are put to action and where

405-567: A water abstraction and pre-treatment equipment, although in MSF different chemicals such as anti-sealant and anti-corrosives are added. Heating equipment is used at different stages at different pressure levels until it reaches a brine heater. The brine heater is what provides steam at these different stages to change the boiling point of the water. Conventional water treatment plants are used to extract, purify and then distribute water from already drinkable bodies of water. Water treatment plants require

450-405: Is also used for maintenance, repair and operations . Over time, the terminology of maintenance and MRO has begun to become standardized. The United States Department of Defense uses the following definitions: Maintenance is strictly connected to the utilization stage of the product or technical system, in which the concept of maintainability must be included. In this scenario, maintainability

495-487: Is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or item of equipment. Specifically, planned maintenance is a scheduled service visit carried out by a competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating correctly and to therefore avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime. The key factor as to when and why this work is being done is timing, and involves a service, resource or facility being unavailable. By contrast, condition-based maintenance

SECTION 10

#1732772557342

540-477: Is considered as the ability of an item, under stated conditions of use, to be retained in or restored to a state in which it can perform its required functions, using prescribed procedures and resources. In some domains like aircraft maintenance , terms maintenance, repair and overhaul also include inspection, rebuilding, alteration and the supply of spare parts, accessories, raw materials, adhesives, sealants, coatings and consumables for aircraft maintenance at

585-474: Is given, often just plant ) refers to the necessary infrastructure used in operation and maintenance of a given facility. The operation of these facilities, or the department of an organization which does so, is called "plant operations" or facility management . Industrial plant should not be confused with "manufacturing plant" in the sense of "a factory ". This is a holistic look at the architecture, design, equipment, and other peripheral systems linked with

630-641: Is not directly based on equipment age. Planned maintenance is preplanned, and can be date-based, based on equipment running hours, or on distance travelled. Parts that have scheduled maintenance at fixed intervals, usually due to wearout or a fixed shelf life , are sometimes known as time-change interval, or TCI items. Predictive maintenance techniques are designed to help determine the condition of in-service equipment in order to estimate when maintenance should be performed. This approach promises cost savings over routine or time-based preventive maintenance , because tasks are performed only when warranted. Thus, it

675-532: Is not lubricated on schedule" that functions "until a bearing burns out." Preventive maintenance contracts are generally a fixed cost, whereas improper maintenance introduces a variable cost: replacement of major equipment. Main objective of PM are: Preventive maintenance or preventative maintenance ( PM ) has the following meanings: Other terms and abbreviations related to PM are: Planned preventive maintenance (PPM), more commonly referred to as simply planned maintenance ( PM ) or scheduled maintenance ,

720-423: Is not trivial to turn this measured data into actionable knowledge about the health of the equipment. As systems get more costly, and instrumentation and information systems tend to become cheaper and more reliable, CBM becomes an important tool for running a plant or factory in an optimal manner. Better operations will lead to lower production cost and lower use of resources. And lower use of resources may be one of

765-934: Is not used for less important parts of machinery despite obvious advantages. However it can be found everywhere where increased safety is required, and in future will be applied even more widely. Corrective maintenance is a type of maintenance used for equipment after equipment break down or malfunction is often most expensive – not only can worn equipment damage other parts and cause multiple damage, but consequential repair and replacement costs and loss of revenues due to down time during overhaul can be significant. Rebuilding and resurfacing of equipment and infrastructure damaged by erosion and corrosion as part of corrective or preventive maintenance programmes involves conventional processes such as welding and metal flame spraying, as well as engineered solutions with thermoset polymeric materials. Industrial plant A physical plant , mechanical plant or industrial plant (and where context

810-399: Is off site, providing quality assurance of equipment function prior to use. An HVAC plant usually includes air conditioning (both heating and cooling systems and ventilation) and other mechanical systems. It often also includes the maintenance of other systems, such as plumbing and lighting. The facility itself may be an office building, a school campus, military base, apartment complex, or

855-456: Is regarded as condition-based maintenance carried out as suggested by estimations of the degradation state of an item. The main promise of predictive maintenance is to allow convenient scheduling of corrective maintenance , and to prevent unexpected equipment failures. This maintenance strategy uses sensors to monitor key parameters within a machine or system, and uses this data in conjunction with analysed historical trends to continuously evaluate

900-484: Is taken to an energy recovery module, and any further excess is pumped back out through an outfall pipe. Control equipment is used to monitor this process and ensure it continues to run smoothly. When the water is separated, it is then delivered to a household via a distribution network for consumption. Pre-treatment systems have intake screening equipment such as forebays and screens . Intake equipment can vary in design; open ocean intakes are either placed onshore or off

945-557: Is that the first generation of CBM in the oil and gas industry has only focused on vibration in heavy rotating equipment. Secondly, introducing CBM will invoke a major change in how maintenance is performed, and potentially to the whole maintenance organization in a company. Organizational changes are in general difficult. Also, the technical side of it is not always as simple. Even if some types of equipment can easily be observed by measuring simple values such as vibration (displacement, velocity or acceleration), temperature or pressure, it

SECTION 20

#1732772557342

990-480: Is used. A Fiber Optic Splitter is equipment used when multiple users must be connected to the same backbone of fiber. EPON is a variant of PON, which can hold 704 connections in one line. Fibre networks based on a PON backbone have several options in connecting individuals to their network, such as fibre to the “curb, building, or home”. This equipment utilises different wavelengths to send and receive data simultaneously and without interference Base stations are

1035-430: The sediment that is taken to sludge processing centers. Filtration then separates the larger materials that remain in the water source using pressure filtration, diatomaceous earth filtration, and direct filtration. Water is then disinfected where it is then either stored or distributed for use. Stakeholders have different responsibilities for the maintenance of equipment in a water treatment plant. In terms of

1080-853: The utilization stage. In international civil aviation maintenance means: This definition covers all activities for which aviation regulations require issuance of a maintenance release document (aircraft certificate of return to service – CRS). The marine and air transportation, offshore structures, industrial plant and facility management industries depend on maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) including scheduled or preventive paint maintenance programmes to maintain and restore coatings applied to steel in environments subject to attack from erosion, corrosion and environmental pollution. The basic types of maintenance falling under MRO include: Architectural conservation employs MRO to preserve, rehabilitate, restore, or reconstruct historical structures with stone, brick, glass, metal, and wood which match

1125-434: The 1960s. It uses cathodes and anodes at multiple stages to filter out ionic compounds into a concentrated form, leaving more pure and safe drinking water. This technology does have a higher cost of energy so unlike reverse osmosis it is mainly used for brackish water which has a lower salt content than seawater . Thermal distillation equipment is commonly used in the middle East; similarly to Reverse osmosis, it has

1170-497: The acronym CBM is more often used to describe 'condition Based Monitoring' rather than the maintenance itself. CBM maintenance is performed after one or more indicators show that equipment is going to fail or that equipment performance is deteriorating. This concept is applicable to mission-critical systems that incorporate active redundancy and fault reporting . It is also applicable to non-mission critical systems that lack redundancy and fault reporting. Condition-based maintenance

1215-446: The distribution equipment to the end user, it is mainly the plant owners who are responsible for the maintenance of this equipment. An engineers role is more focused on maintaining the equipment used to treat water. Public regulators are responsible for monitoring water supply quality and ensuring it is safe to drink. These stakeholders have active responsibility for these processes and equipment. The manufacturer's primary responsibility

1260-399: The initial cost of CBM can be high. It requires improved instrumentation of the equipment. Often the cost of sufficient instruments can be quite large, especially on equipment that is already installed. Wireless systems have reduced the initial cost. Therefore, it is important for the installer to decide the importance of the investment before adding CBM to all equipment. A result of this cost

1305-440: The maintenance personnel of today is more than ever able to decide what is the right time to perform maintenance on some piece of equipment. Ideally, condition-based maintenance will allow the maintenance personnel to do only the right things, minimizing spare parts cost, system downtime and time spent on maintenance. Despite its usefulness of equipment, there are several challenges to the use of CBM. First and most important of all,

1350-690: The most important differentiators in a future where environmental issues become more important by the day. Another scenario where value can be created is by monitoring the health of a car motor. Rather than changing parts at predefined intervals, the car itself can tell you when something needs to be changed based on cheap and simple instrumentation. It is Department of Defense policy that condition-based maintenance (CBM) be "implemented to improve maintenance agility and responsiveness, increase operational availability, and reduce life cycle total ownership costs". CBM has some advantages over planned maintenance: Its disadvantages are: Today, due to its costs, CBM

1395-513: The most used in the Middle East, as they have low access to fresh water supply yet have access to excess energy. Reverse osmosis plants use “Semi-Permeable Membrane Polymers”, that allow for water to pass through unabated while blocking molecules not suitable for drinking. Reverse Osmosis plants typically use intake pipes, which allow for water to be abstracted at its source. This water is then taken to pre-treatment centers, where particles in

MEND - Misplaced Pages Continue

1440-458: The most widely used base station, utilizing omnidirectional or radio-communication dishes. Micro cells are more specialized; these expand and provide additional coverage in areas where macro cells cannot. They are typically placed on streetlights, usually not requiring radio-communication dishes. This is because they are physically interconnected via fiber-optic cables. Pico cell stations are further specific, providing additional coverage only within

1485-1033: The original constituent materials where possible, or with suitable polymer technologies when not. Preventive maintenance ( PM ) is "a routine for periodically inspecting" with the goal of "noticing small problems and fixing them before major ones develop." Ideally, "nothing breaks down." The main goal behind PM is for the equipment to make it from one planned service to the next planned service without any failures caused by fatigue, extreme fluctuation in temperature(such as heat waves ) during seasonal changes, neglect, or normal wear (preventable items), which Planned Maintenance and Condition Based Maintenance help to achieve by replacing worn components before they actually fail. Maintenance activities include partial or complete overhauls at specified periods, oil changes, lubrication, minor adjustments, and so on. In addition, workers can record equipment deterioration so they know to replace or repair worn parts before they cause system failure. The New York Times gave an example of "machinery that

1530-609: The plant is adjusted as needed. Containment equipment encompasses the physical structure built around the reactor to protect the surroundings from reactor failure. Lastly, primary systems also include emergency core cooling equipment and reactor protection equipment. Balance-of-plant systems are equipment used commonly across power plants in the production and distribution of power. They utilize turbines , generators , condensers , feedwater equipment, auxiliary equipment, fire protection equipment, emergency power supply equipment and used fuel storage . In broadcast engineering ,

1575-481: The primary fiber optic model used to for connecting users to the fiber optic plant. A central office hub utilities transmission equipment, allowing it to send signals to between one and 32 users per line. The main fiber backbone of a PON network is called an optical line terminal . The operational requirements, such as maintenance, equipment sharing efficiency, sharing of the actual fiber and potential need for future expansion, all determine which specific variant of PON

1620-469: The production and safety of nuclear power . The reactor specifically has equipment such as reactor vessels usually surrounding the core for protection, and the reactor core which holds fuel rods . It also includes reactor cooling equipment consisting of liquid cooling loops and circulating coolant . These loops are usually separate systems each having at least one pump. Other equipment includes steam generators and pressurizers that ensure pressure in

1665-412: The shore. Offshore intakes transfer water using concrete channels into screening chambers to be transferred directly to pre-treatment centers, using intake pumps where chemicals will be added. It is then dissolved and separated from solids using a flotation device, to be pumped through a semi-permeable membrane. Electrodialysis competes with reverse osmosis systems and has been used industrially since

1710-468: The system health and predict a breakdown before it happens. This strategy allows maintenance to be performed more efficiently, since more up-to-date data is obtained about how close the product is to failure. Predictive replacement is the replacement of an item that is still functioning properly. Usually it is a tax-benefit based replacement policy whereby expensive equipment or batches of individually inexpensive supply items are removed and donated on

1755-608: The term transmitter plant refers to the part of the physical plant associated with the transmitter and its controls and inputs, the studio/transmitter link (if the radio studio is off-site), the radio antenna and radomes , feedline and desiccation / nitrogen system, broadcast tower and building , tower lighting, generator , and air conditioning. These are often monitored by an automatic transmission system , which reports conditions via telemetry ( transmitter/studio link ). Economic constraints such as capital and operating expenditure lead to Passive Optical Networks as

1800-525: The title MEND . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MEND&oldid=1232983014 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Repair Maintenance functions can be defined as maintenance, repair and overhaul ( MRO ), and MRO

1845-436: The water are removed with chemicals added to prevent water damage. HR- pumps and booster pumps are used to provide pressure and pump the water at different heights of the facility, which is then transferred to a reverse osmosis module. This equipment, depending on the specifications, effectively filters out between 98 and 99.5% of salt from the water. Waste that is separated through these pre-treatment and reverse osmosis modules

MEND - Misplaced Pages Continue

1890-501: The water from being unusable or damaging equipment, these chemicals are measured using an electromechanical chemical feed device to ensure the correct levels of chemicals in the water are maintained. Corrosive -resistant pipe materials such as PVC , aluminum and stainless steel are used to transfer water safely due to increases in acidity from pre-treatment. Coagulation is usually the next step, in which salts such as ferric sulfate are used to destabilize organic matter in

1935-439: The water is collected and transferred to a water treatment plant. Once water arrives at a plant, it undergoes a pre-treatment process where it is passed through screens, such as passive screens or bar screens, to stop certain kinds of debris from entering equipment further down the facility that could damage it. After that, a mix of chemicals is added using either a dry chemical feeder or solution metering pumps . To prevent

1980-607: The water. This utilizes geography and gravity to allow the water to naturally flow from one place to another withoutthe need for additional pumps. Flow measurement equipment is used to monitor the flow, which is consistent with no issues occurring. Watersheds are areas where surface water in each area will naturally flow and where it is usually stored after collection. For storm water runoff , natural bodies of water as well as filtration systems are used to store and transfer water. Non-stormwater runoffs use equipment such as septic tanks to treat water onsite, or sewer systems where

2025-480: Was introduced to try to maintain the correct equipment at the right time. CBM is based on using real-time data to prioritize and optimize maintenance resources. Observing the state of the system is known as condition monitoring . Such a system will determine the equipment's health, and act only when maintenance is actually necessary. Developments in recent years have allowed extensive instrumentation of equipment, and together with better tools for analyzing condition data,

#341658