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50-1174: While the bulk of the collection is made up of a once-private collection, Menil Foundation, Inc. is a tax-exempt, nonprofit, public charity corporation formed under Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code. Additionally the Menil receives public funds granted by the City of Houston, the State of Texas, and the federal government through the National Endowment for the Arts. The museum's holdings are diverse, including early to mid-twentieth century works of Yves Tanguy , René Magritte , Max Ernst , Man Ray , Marcel Duchamp , Henri Matisse , Jackson Pollock , and Pablo Picasso , among others. The museum also maintains an extensive collection of pop art and contemporary art from Andy Warhol , Mark Rothko , Robert Rauschenberg , Vija Celmins and Cy Twombly , Jr., among others. Also included in

100-618: A gold globus cruciger ) instead of the regular episcopal crosier . Cyprus suffered greatly from Arab invasions in the following centuries, and during the reign of Justinian II the cities of Constantia, Kourion and Paphos were sacked. At the advice of the Emperor, the Archbishop fled to the Dardanelles along with the survivors, and established the city of Nova Justiniana ( Greek : Νέα Ιουστινιανή , Néa Iustinianē ), named after

150-417: A contract to paint 12 pieces a year. With his fixed income, he painted less and ended up creating only eight works of art for Breton. In December 1930, at an early screening of Buñuel and Dalí's L'Age d'Or , right-wing activists went to the lobby of the cinema where the film was being screened, and destroyed art works by Dalí, Joan Miró , Man Ray , Tanguy, and others. Throughout the 1930s, Tanguy adopted

200-498: A knife privately and at social gatherings. Sage, according to friends' accounts, made no response to her husband's aggression. Toward the end of the war, the couple moved to Woodbury , Connecticut , converting an old farmhouse into an artists' studio. They spent the rest of their lives there. In 1948, he became a naturalized citizen of the United States. In January 1955, Tanguy suffered a fatal stroke at Woodbury. His body

250-538: A relationship which led to his second marriage. With the outbreak of World War II , Sage moved back to her native New York , and Tanguy, judged unfit for military service, followed her. He would spend the rest of his life in the United States. Sage and Tanguy were married in Reno, Nevada , on August 17, 1940. Their marriage proved durable but tense. Both drank heavily, and Tanguy assaulted Sage verbally and sometimes physically, pushing her and sometimes even threatening her with

300-430: A scholar's cloister, rooms for seminars and other events, and a conservation lab, all wrapped around three courtyards. On June 13, 2012, a 22-year-old museum visitor named Uriel Landeros defaced an original Picasso at the museum, Woman in a Red Armchair , using black spray paint to stencil a bull and a matador and the word Conquista on the work of art. The vandal, a self-proclaimed artist, said that he did it to make

350-688: A separate building near the main collection, the Byzantine Fresco Chapel formerly housed two 13th century Byzantine church frescoes, an apse semi-dome of the Virgin Panagia and a dome featuring a depiction of Christ known as Christ Pantocrator . After having been removed from a church in Lysi in Turkish-occupied North Cyprus by the illegal art trade, they were recovered during the 1980s. According to

400-473: A site for long-term contemporary installation work. The first exhibition in the reopened space is "The Infinity Machine", a new work commissioned by the Menil by Janet Cardiff and George Bures Miller . In 1992, Renzo Piano was commissioned by Dominique de Menil to build a small, independent pavilion dedicated to the work of Cy Twombly , Jr. in the grounds of the Menil Collection. In contrast to

450-480: A statement, and did not intend to destroy the painting. Landeros was sentenced to two years in prison for felony graffiti and criminal mischief. The museum continues to be governed by the Menil Foundation. The foundation has been solely responsible for acquisition funds, which during the first years averaged more than $ 1 million annually, and operating disbursements of between $ 2.7 million and $ 2.9 million

500-592: A year. Nearly half of the money for the museum building was derived from outside sources in Houston, in particular the Cullen Foundation and the Brown Foundation , which contributed $ 5 million each. By 2001, the Menil Foundation's endowment is $ 200 million. The budget pays in part for the museum's operation and for exhibitions, research, and catalogs. Brown & Root heir Louisa Stude Sarofim

550-451: Is Wounded! (1927) is one of Tanguy's most impressive paintings. Brodskaïa writes that the painting reflects his debt to Giorgio de Chirico – falling shadows and a classical torso – and conjures up a sense of doom: the horizon, the emptiness of the plain, the solitary plant, the smoke, the helplessness of the small figures. Tanguy said that it was an image he saw entirely in his imagination before starting to paint it. He also claimed he took

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600-640: Is also an example of an interesting fusion of gothic and Byzantine architecture. The Franks were succeeded by the Venetians in 1489 without any significant change to the status of the Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1950, Makarios III was elected Archbishop. While still Bishop of Kition he had demonstrated strong intellectual and national activity. In 1949 he founded the Apostle Varnavas Seminary, and in 1950 he organised

650-597: Is one of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox churches that together with other Eastern Orthodox churches form the communion of the Eastern Orthodox Church . It is one of the oldest Eastern Orthodox autocephalous churches; it claims to have always been independent, although it may have been subject to the Church of Antioch before its autocephaly was recognized in 431 at the Council of Ephesus . The bishop of

700-461: Is the Rothko Chapel . The Menil Foundation began buying bungalow -style homes in the area in the 1960s, painting each the same shade of gray to establish a commonality. When the museum building was constructed, it was painted what has become known as "Menil gray" to coordinate with the bungalows. In 2013, the landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh was appointed to enhance and expand

750-617: Is the first ground-up building in the United States dedicated to the exhibit, study, storage and conservation of modern and contemporary artworks on paper, according to the Menil Collection. Los Angeles–based architecture firm Johnston Marklee and New York–based landscape architecture firm Michael Van Valkenburgh Associates designed the Drawing Institute. They worked in close collaboration with the New York–based structural engineering firm Guy Nordenson and Associates. Johnston Marklee

800-531: The 1972–73 Cypriot ecclesiastical coup attempt . Following the dethronement of the Bishops of Paphos, Kitium and Kyrenia for conspiring against Makarios, two new Bishoprics were created: the Bishopric of Limassol which was detached from the Bishopric of Kition, and the Bishopric of Morfou which was detached from the Bishopric of Kyrenia. The coup d'état of 15 July 1974 forced Archbishop Makarios III to leave

850-608: The Kingdom of Cyprus , the Catholic kings gradually reduced the number of Orthodox bishops from 14 to 4 and forced those away from their towns. The archbishop was moved from Nicosia to the region of Solia, near Morphou , the bishop of Larnaca was moved to the village of Lefkara etc. Each Orthodox bishop was under the Catholic bishop of the area. The Catholic Church tried on occasion to coax the Orthodox bishops to make concessions on

900-570: The referendum on the Union ( Enosis ) between Cyprus and Greece . While archbishop he was the political leader of the EOKA liberation struggle in the years 1955–1959. The British exiled him to the Seychelles because of his activities. In 1960, Archbishop Makarios III was elected President of the newly established republic of Cyprus . Disagreements of the other three bishops with Makarios led to

950-593: The Church of Cyprus by a resolution which conditionally states: "If, as it is asserted in memorials and orally by the religious men who have come before the Council - it has not been a continuous ancient custom for the bishop of Antioch to hold ordinations in Cyprus, - the prelates of Cyprus shall enjoy, free from molestation and violence, their right to perform by themselves the ordination of bishops [for their island]". After

1000-485: The Council of Ephesus, the Church of Antioch never claimed that Cyprus was under its jurisdiction. This independence was also recognized by an edict of Emperor Zeno . In 478, Archbishop Anthemios of Cyprus claimed that following a vision he had found the grave of Barnabas and his relics . On the saint's chest rested a copy of the Gospel of Matthew . The church was thus able to send a cogent argument on its own behalf to

1050-520: The Emperor, at Erdek near the city of Cyzicus . In 692 the Quinisext Council reconfirmed the status and privileges of the exiled Archbishop and in 698, when the Arabs were driven out of Cyprus, the Archbishop returned but retained the title of " Archbishop of Nova Justiniana and All Cyprus ": a custom that, along with the "three privileges", continues to this day. After the establishment of

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1100-462: The Emperor: the discovery of the relics of its reputed founder, Barnabas. Zeno confirmed the status of the Church of Cyprus and granted its Archbishop the "three privileges": namely to sign his name in an ink made vermilion by the addition of cinnabar ; to wear tyrian purple instead of black robes under his vestments ; and to hold an imperial sceptre (i.e. a gilt staff of silver , topped by

1150-594: The Menil Collection’s 30-acre campus. The master site plan, by David Chipperfield Architects , calls for the creation of additional green space and walkways, a cafe, and new buildings for art. The Menil Collection is open to the public, and admission is free. The Museum is open Wednesday through Sunday 11 am to 7 pm. It is located near the University of St. Thomas in the Neartown area of Houston. Located in

1200-570: The Menil campus, adjacent to the Cy Twombly Gallery and north of the Dan Flavin Installation. Modestly scaled, the flat-roofed building tops out at 16 feet (4.9 metres), no taller than the neighboring gray bungalows on the 30-acre campus. Half of its space is for underground storage, while the ground level will contain a large, flexible central living room, about 3,000 square feet (280 square metres) of exhibition space,

1250-507: The Menil’s main museum building and the surrounding bungalows, the Cy Twombly Gallery is built of sand-colored block concrete, is square in plan and contains nine galleries. Similar to the main museum, it is lit through the roof, but here with an external canopy of louvers, shading the sloping, hipped glass roof, below which a fabric ceiling diffuses the light, giving a reduced intensity of around 300 lux. The Menil Drawing Institute, opened in 2018,

1300-570: The ancient capital, Salamis (renamed Constantia by Emperor Constantius II ) was constituted metropolitan by Emperor Zeno , with the title archbishop . According to the Acts of the Apostles , Paul of Tarsus converted the Roman proconsul Sergius Paulus , ( Acts 13:6–12 ), making him the first Christian ruler, and thus Cyprus became the first country ruled by a Christian leader. A few of

1350-566: The bishops who helped spread Christianity on the island were Lazarus , the Bishop of Kition , Herakleidios the Bishop of Tamasos, Avxivios the Bishop of Soloi, and Theodotos the Bishop of Kyrenia . Towards the end of the fourth century , Christianity had spread throughout the island. During this time St. Epiphanius was Archbishop. His seat was in Salamis, which was renamed Constantia. This independent (autocephalous) position by ancient custom

1400-486: The bohemian lifestyle of the struggling artist with gusto, leading eventually to the failure of his first marriage. He had an intense affair with Peggy Guggenheim in 1938 when he went to London with his wife Jeannette Ducrocq to hang his first retrospective exhibition in Britain at her gallery Guggenheim Jeune . The exhibition was a great success and Guggenheim wrote in her autobiography that "Tanguy found himself rich for

1450-599: The current painting he was working on. This way of creating artwork may have been due to his very small studio which only had enough room for one wet piece. Through his friend Prévert, in around 1924 Tanguy was introduced into the circle of surrealist artists around André Breton . Tanguy quickly began to develop his own unique painting style , giving his first solo exhibition in Paris in 1927, and marrying his first wife Jeannette Ducrocq (b. 1896, d. 1977) later that same year. During this busy time of his life, Breton gave Tanguy

1500-520: The differences in doctrine and practices between the two churches, sometimes with threats and sometimes using violence and torture, as in the case of the 13 monks at Kantara monastery . Moreover, the properties of many monasteries were confiscated. The persecutions, especially during the Frankish period, did not succeed in uprooting the faith of the Greek Cypriots . Despite initial frictions,

1550-488: The first time in his life". She purchased his pictures Toilette de L'Air and The Sun in Its Jewel Case (Le Soleil dans son écrin) for her collection. Tanguy also painted Peggy two beautiful earrings. The affair continued in both London and Paris and only finished when Tanguy met a fellow Surrealist artist who would become his second wife. In 1938, after seeing the work of fellow artist Kay Sage , Tanguy began

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1600-687: The island. He returned in December 1974. The coup d'état was followed by the Turkish invasion of 20 July 1974 which significantly affected the church and its flock: as 35% of Cyprus' territory came under Turkish occupation, hundreds of thousands of Orthodox Christians were displaced and those that could not or did not want to leave (20,000 initially) faced oppression. As of May 2001 figures only 421 Greek Orthodox Cypriots and 155 Maronites remain in North Cyprus. The destruction of Christian monuments

1650-545: The main building: Cy Twombly Gallery (also designed by Piano); The Dan Flavin Installation at Richmond Hall, which houses Dominique de Menil's last commission (a series of three site-specific installations by Dan Flavin that were installed in 1998); The Byzantine Fresco Chapel ; and the Menil Drawing Institute. Another building founded by the de Menils, but now operating as an independent foundation,

1700-467: The merchant navy before being drafted into the Army, where he befriended Jacques Prévert . At the end of his military service in 1922, he returned to Paris, where he worked various odd jobs. He stumbled upon a painting by Giorgio de Chirico and was so deeply impressed he resolved to become a painter himself in spite of his complete lack of formal training. Tanguy had a habit of being completely absorbed by

1750-1044: The museum's director; during his time in office, there were frequent clashes over the museum's direction and whether Rifkin was departing from the vision of its founder. Josef Helfenstein was named director in 2004. Until his departure in 2015, the Menil doubled its annual attendance, increased its endowment by almost 54 percent, and added more than 1,000 works to the collection, including pieces by Jasper Johns , Claes Oldenburg , Robert Rauschenberg , Richard Serra and Kara Walker . See also: List of companies in Houston See: List of colleges and universities in Houston [REDACTED] Category [REDACTED] Texas portal 29°44′14″N 95°23′55″W  /  29.73722°N 95.39861°W  / 29.73722; -95.39861 Yves Tanguy Raymond Georges Yves Tanguy (January 5, 1900 – January 15, 1955), known as just Yves Tanguy ( / ˌ iː v t ɒ̃ ˈ ɡ iː / ; French: [iv tɑ̃ɡi] ),

1800-555: The museum's permanent collection are antiquities and works of Byzantine , Medieval and tribal art . The Renzo Piano -designed museum opened to the public in June 1987. It is governed by The Menil Foundation, Incorporated, a non-profit charitable corporation established in 1954 whose stated purpose was to promote understanding and culture, primarily through the arts. Initially, the Foundation also pursued land banking to stabilize

1850-514: The museum, they were the only such frescoes in the Americas. They were held at the museum by agreement with their owners, the Church of Cyprus . In September 2011 the Menil Collection announced that the frescoes would be permanently returned to Cyprus in February 2012, an example of art repatriation . In January 2015, the Menil disclosed its plans to reuse the former consecrated chapel space as

1900-619: The neighborhood surrounding the museum, and structured the administration and operations of the collection. With Dominique de Menil (a member of the Schlumberger family) serving as president, early board members included the Menils' son Francois, daughter Philippa Pellizzi, Malcolm McCorquodale , Edmund Snow Carpenter , Miles Rudolph Glaser, and Mickey Leland . Dominique de Menil ran the museum until her death in December 1997. The museum campus has grown to include four satellite galleries to

1950-472: The title of this and other works from psychiatric textbooks: "I remember spending a whole afternoon with ... André Breton ," he said, "leafing through books on psychiatry in the search for statements of patients which could be used as titles for paintings." Jennifer Mundy, however, discovered that the title of this painting and several others were taken from a book about paranormal phenomena, Traité de metaphysique (1922) by Dr Charles Richet . Tanguy's style

2000-462: The two churches gradually managed to coexist side by side peacefully. The local Orthodox Christians shared some of the benefits of the economic development of Cyprus and especially Famagusta at the time. The Orthodox cathedral of St George (known as Saint George of the Greeks – today in ruins) is almost as high and monumental as the nearby Catholic cathedral of St Nicholas (a mosque since 1571), and

2050-545: Was a French surrealist painter. Tanguy was the son of a retired navy captain, and was born January 5, 1900, at the Ministry of Naval Affairs on Place de la Concorde in Paris , France. His parents were both of Breton origin. After his father's death in 1908, his mother moved back to her native Locronan , Finistère , and he ended up spending much of his youth living with various relatives. In 1918, Tanguy briefly joined

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2100-501: Was a key plot point in the third episode of the second series of BBC Two comedy-drama There She Goes . . Church of Cyprus Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The Church of Cyprus ( Greek : Ἐκκλησία τῆς Κύπρου , romanized :  Ekklisia tis Kyprou )

2150-478: Was an important influence on several younger painters, such as Roberto Matta , Wolfgang Paalen , Toyen , and Esteban Francés , who adopted a Surrealist style in the 1930s. Later, Tanguy's paintings (and, less directly, those of de Chirico) influenced the style of the 1980 French animated movie Le Roi et l'oiseau , by Paul Grimault and Prévert. Tanguy’s works also influenced the science fiction cover art of illustrator Richard Powers . Tanguy's The Invisibles

2200-636: Was another important consequence. Churches containing Byzantine icons, frescoes and mosaics have been pillaged by antiquities dealers and sold on the black market. One of the most prominent cases of pillage was of the mosaics of Panagia of Kanakaria of the 6th century AD, which were finally returned to the Church of Cyprus, following rulings by federal courts in Indianapolis and Chicago . In Northern Cyprus, there are 514 churches, chapels and monasteries, many of which were converted to mosques, museums or abandoned. On 3 August 1977, Makarios III died and

2250-742: Was cremated and his ashes preserved until Sage's death in 1963. Later, his ashes were scattered by his friend Pierre Matisse on the beach at Douarnenez in his beloved Brittany , together with those of his wife. Tanguy's paintings have a unique, immediately recognizable style of nonrepresentational surrealism. They show vast, abstract landscapes, mostly in a tightly limited palette of colors, only occasionally showing flashes of contrasting color accents. Typically, these alien landscapes are populated with various abstract shapes, sometimes angular and sharp as shards of glass, sometimes with an intriguingly organic look to them, like giant amoebae suddenly turned to stone. According to Nathalia Brodskaïa, Mama, Papa

2300-451: Was elected the new archbishop on 5 November 2006, after a long-running election campaign, becoming Archbishop Chrysostomos II , Archbishop of Nea Justiniana and All Cyprus. After the death of Chrysostomos II , the 2022 Cypriot archiepiscopal election was called to choose his successor. The Holy Synod of the Church of Cyprus is the highest church authority in Cyprus. Its task is to examine and provide solutions on all issues concerning

2350-462: Was president of the Menil Collection and Foundation starting in 1998, following the death of Dominique de Menil. She has since become one of the museum's largest donors. The Board of Trustees includes, among others, Suzanne Deal Booth . The museum's first director was Walter Hopps . Before joining the Menil Collection as director in 1983, he had worked with Mrs. de Menil on planning the museum and its program. Between 1999 and 2003, Ned Rifkin served as

2400-576: Was recognized against the claims of the Patriarch of Antioch , at the Council of Ephesus (431); it is unclear if the Church of Cyprus has always been independent or if it was once part of the Church of Antioch . When the Patriarch of Antioch claimed the Church of Cyprus was under its jurisdiction, the Cypriot clergy denounced this before the Council of Ephesus. The Council ratified the autocephaly of

2450-405: Was selected to design it after winning a competition that also included David Chipperfield , SANAA and Tatiana Bilbao. Rhode Island–based Gilbane Building Company , a subsidiary of Gilbane, Inc. , was selected as the general contractor. The $ 40-million building, with a total of 30,000 square feet (2,800 square metres) on two floors, one of them below ground, is located near the southern edge of

2500-482: Was succeeded by Archbishop Chrysostomos I . In 1979, the new Statutory Charter of the Church of Cyprus was drawn up and approved replacing the old one of 1914. In old age, Archbishop Chrysostomos suffered from Alzheimer's disease and was unable to carry out his duties for a number of years. In May 2006, Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I chaired a broader meeting of church elders which called for Chrysostomos' "honorary removal". Metropolitan Chrysostomos of Paphos, 65,

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