The Khanty ( Khanty : ханти , romanized: hanti ), also known in older literature as Ostyaks ( Russian : остяки ), are a Ugric Indigenous people , living in Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug , a region historically known as " Yugra " in Russia, together with the Mansi . In the autonomous okrug , the Khanty and Mansi languages are given co-official status with Russian . In the 2021 Census , 31,467 persons identified themselves as Khanty. Of those, 30,242 were resident in Tyumen Oblast , of whom 19,568 were living in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug and 9,985—in Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug . 495 were residents of neighbouring Tomsk Oblast , and 109 lived in Sverdlovsk Oblast .
27-642: In Khanty and Mansi folklore , the Menk is a forest spirit of these peoples' mythology. The Khanty and Mansi are Indigenous people living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug of Russia . The menk is part of the Siberian oral tradition . These beliefs were retained by the Khanty and Mansi people, even though they became, or were compelled to become Russian Orthodox Christians in
54-534: A major role in preserving the traditional culture and language. The Khanty are one of the indigenous minorities in Siberia with an autonomy in the form of an okrug (autonomous area). The Khanty share many cultural similarities with the Mansi people . Together they are called Ob-Ugric peoples. The Khantys' traditional occupations were fishery, taiga hunting and reindeer herding. They lived as trappers, thus gathering
81-417: A type of municipal formation. In Tver Oblast , the term okrug also denotes a type of an administrative division which is equal in status to that of the districts. Furthermore, the designation okrug denotes several selsoviet -level administrative divisions: In some cities, the term okrug is used to refer to the administrative divisions of those cities. Administrative okrugs are such divisions in
108-524: Is Lukh avt [ ru ; uk ] , founded in 2001. The Khanty language is part of the Ugric branch of the Uralic languages , and thus most closely related to Mansi and Hungarian . The Khanty language and people are studied through Khanty studies [ ru ] . 80 percent of Khanty men carry the haplogroup N . 48.8 percent of them belong to its subgroup N1c and 31.4 percent belong to
135-408: Is being celebrated occasionally after a successful hunting of a bear. The Bear Celebration continues 5 or 6 days (the duration depends on the sex of the animal). Over 300 songs and performances occur during a Bear Celebration. The most important parts of the celebration are: In addition to bear songs, fairy tales and other stories, Khanty folklore includes epic poetry . It shares similar themes with
162-623: The obwody by powiat s. Okrugs were one of the several types of administrative division for oblasts and selected governorates in Imperial Russia . Until the 1920s, okrugs were administrative districts in Cossack hosts such as the Don Cossacks . Inherited from Imperial Russia, in the 1920s, okrugs were administrative divisions of several other primary divisions such as oblasts , krais , and others. For some time in
189-470: The Dyatlov Pass incident is "a textbook example of modern cable TV mystery-mongering". Khanty Since the Khanty language has about 10 dialects which can be united in 3 main branches, there are several slightly different words used by these people to describe themselves: All these words mean 'human'. They also call themselves As Khoyat which means ' Obian people' or 'people from Ob'. In
216-582: The Mountain ASSR of the Russian SFSR in 1921 as units of the Soviet autonomy and additional national okrugs were created in the Russian SFSR for the peoples of the north and Caucasus region. In 1977, all national okrugs were renamed autonomous okrugs. In the present-day Russian Federation , the term okrug is either translated as district or rendered directly as okrug , and is used to describe
243-474: The 11th century, Yugra was actually a term for numerous tribes, each having its own centre and its own chief. Every tribe had two exogamic phratries , termed mon't ' and por , and all members were considered to be blood relatives. This structure was later replaced with clans , where each clan leader ( knyazets ) negotiated with the Russian realm. They also participated in Russian campaigns, and received
270-453: The 17th and 18th centuries. In the Khanty epics , the menk are presented as "formidable forest spirits". The Hero-Prince typically inflicts many "pseudo-deaths" on a menk until he is able to inflict a "total death". Menk are protected by gods who intervene to prevent their deaths, however the laws of the gods can be bypassed by humans. In the epics, menk occur in sevens, such as seven menk from one mother, or seven menk with one soul. According to
297-591: The 1920s they also served as the primary unit upon the abolishment of guberniyas and were divided into raions . On 30 July 1930 most of the okrugs were abolished. The remaining okrugs were phased out in the Russian SFSR during 1930–1946, although they were retained in Zakarpattia Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR in a status equivalent to that of a raion. National okrugs were first created in
SECTION 10
#1732800911889324-535: The Khanty's autosomal DNA is Nganasan -like Siberian and the rest is West Eurasian. Okrug An okrug is a type of administrative division in some Slavic -speaking states. The word okrug is a loanword in English, alternatively translated as area , district , county , or region . Etymologically, okrug literally means ' circuit ', derived from Proto-Slavic * okrǫgъ , in turn from * ob- "around" + * krǫgъ "circle". In meaning,
351-474: The church. Russian officials also took Khanty children as hostages and converted them to Christianity. Conversions were generally superficial in nature and motivated by economic incentives. As a consequence, the Khanty continued to incorporate native practices and beliefs into their spirituality. During the Soviet period the Khanty were one of the few indigenous minorities of Siberia to be granted an autonomy in
378-541: The cities of Murmansk , Omsk , and Tyumen ; city okrugs are used in Krasnodar ; municipal okrugs are the divisions of Nazran ; okrugs exist in Belgorod , Kaluga , Kursk , and Novorossiysk ; and territorial okrugs are the divisions of Arkhangelsk and Lipetsk . The term okrug is also used to describe a type of a municipal formation , the municipal urban okrug—a municipal urban settlement not incorporated into
405-530: The execution of shamans . The abduction by the state of the children who were sent to Russian-speaking boarding schools provoked a national revolt in 1933 called the Kazym rebellion . After the end of the Stalin period this process was relaxed and efforts were intensified in the 1980s and 1990s to protect their common territory from industrial expansion of various ministries and agencies. The autonomy has also played
432-482: The following types of divisions: After the series of mergers in 2005–2008, several autonomous okrugs of Russia lost their federal subject status and are now considered to be administrative territories within the federal subjects they had been merged into: Okrug is also used to describe the administrative divisions of the two " federal cities " in Russia: In the federal city of Sevastopol , municipal okrugs are
459-544: The form of an okrug (autonomous district). The establishment of autonomy has played a considerable role in consolidation of the ethnos (the Western Khants called their eastern neighbours Kantõk [the Other People]). However, in the 1930s concerted efforts were made by the Soviet state to collectivise them. The initial stages of this meant the execution of tribal chiefs, who were labelled " kulaks ", followed by
486-546: The later part of the Congress Poland period, from 1842, when the name was applied to the former powiats (the name powiat being transferred to the former obwody ). See: subdivisions of Congress Poland . Okręgi were also created temporarily from 1945 to 1946, in the areas annexed to Poland from Germany as a result of the Soviet military advance. An okręg was then subdivided into obwody . These okręgi were later replaced by voivodeships , and
513-454: The mythical and heroic stories told by the Mansi people. The Khanty's written literature had its beginnings in the first half of the 20th century. The first notable Khanty writer was Grigori Lazarev [ ru ] , best known for his novel Sorneng tow . Khanty yasang [ ru ] is a Khanty-language newspaper that was founded in 1957. Another Khanty-language newspaper
540-544: The mythology, menk's eyes cannot look down, so the Hero-Princes often attack them from below while fighting in rivers. In Khanty mythology, local people of Por ancestry are aligned with menk, who they believe to be "just like humans, only spirits of the parallel forest world". According to skeptical investigator Benjamin Radford , a 2014 Discovery Channel program that suggested a menk was responsible for deaths in
567-530: The name Yugra (ca. 11th century), when they had contact with Novgorodian hunters and merchants. The name of Yugra derives from Komi-Zyrian word jögra ('Khanty'). The older Russian name Ostyak is from Khanty as-kho 'person from the Ob ( as ) River,' with - yak after other ethnic terms like Permyak . Some Khanty princedoms were partially included in the Siberia Khanate from the 1440s–1570s. In
SECTION 20
#1732800911889594-463: The right to collect yasaq (tribute) from two Khanty volosts (districts) respectively. When this structure was no longer needed, Russia deprived them of their privileges. After the Russian conquest of Siberia , Russians attempted to Christianize the Khanty. Russian missionaries and officials instructed that idols be destroyed, mass baptisms be performed, and harsh punishment for those that disobeyed
621-607: The second millennium BC, the territories between the Kama and the Irtysh Rivers were the home of a Proto-Uralic -speaking population that had contacts with Proto-Indo-European speakers from the south. The woodland population is the ancestor of the modern Ugrian inhabitants of Trans-Uralia. Other researchers say that the Khanty people originated in the south Ural steppe and moved northwards into their current location about 500 AD. Khanty probably appear in Russian records under
648-568: The subclade N-P43 . Other haplotypes include R1b (10.5 %) and R1a (5.8 %). The most common mtDNA haplogroup among the Khantys is U (28.3 %). 16.5 percent of Khanty women belong to its subgroup U4 , 5.7 percent to subgroup U7 , 5.4 percent to subgroup U5 , and the subclades U2 and U1 are found with frequencies of less than one percent. Other maternal haplogroups include H (17.3 %), J (13.1 %), D (11.6 %) and C (10.4 %). An estimated 61 percent of
675-514: The use of iron helmets and chain mail. Most Khanty are today Orthodox Christians, mixed with traditional beliefs (shamans, reincarnation). Their historical shaman wore no special clothes except a cap. Traditional Khanty cults are closely related to nature. The Crow spring celebration is being celebrated in April, nowadays it is April 7, the same day as the Annunciation day. The Bear Celebration
702-609: The word is similar to the German term Bezirk or Kreis (' district ') and the French word arrondissement ; all of which refer to something "encircled" or "surrounded". In Bulgaria , okrag s are the abolished primary unit of the administrative division and implied "districts" or "counties". They existed in the postwar Bulgaria between 1946 and 1987 and corresponded approximately to today's oblasts . As historical administrative subdivisions of Poland , okręgi existed in
729-404: Was of major importance. During the winter, the Khanty lived in stationary huts made out of dirt and branches at permanent villages. During the spring, the Khanty moved towards hunting and fishing grounds, where they constructed temporary rectangular-shaped shelters out of birch-bark and poles. Weapons utilized by the Khanty were advanced for the period and included longbows, arrows, spears, and
#888111