In a restaurant, the menu is a list of food and beverages offered to the customer. A menu may be à la carte – which presents a list of options from which customers choose, often with prices shown – or table d'hôte , in which case a pre-established sequence of courses is offered. Menus may be printed on paper sheets provided to the diners, put on a large poster or display board inside the establishment, displayed outside the restaurant, or put on a digital screen. Since the late 1990s, some restaurants have put their menus online.
81-579: Menus may be: the plural of "menu" (see Menu for use in restaurants, and Menu (computing) for use in user interfaces) Les Menus , a commune in France "Menus" ( New Girl ) , an episode of the TV series Menus of Megara , ancient Greek athlete See also [ edit ] Menu (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
162-604: A chastity belt . Schmitz retaliated in a press release, calling her a "slick butch lawyeress". She sued him for libel , and eventually secured a settlement of $ 20,000 and an apology. In 1985, Allred, along with Catharine MacKinnon , drafted a version of the Antipornography Civil Rights Ordinance for Los Angeles County. The legislation failed to pass the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors . In 1987, Allred took on
243-569: A pornographic actress and Woods's alleged mistress. On May 14, 2010, in a news conference held at Allred's office, English actress Charlotte Lewis alleged that director Roman Polanski had sexually abused her in his Paris apartment when she was 16. In June 2010, she was hired by Debrahlee Lorenzana, a former bank employee who had drawn wide public attention after alleging that she had been fired for being too attractive. In August 2010, Allred represented Jodie Fisher , whose sexual harassment claim revealed expense-account irregularities that led to
324-570: A booth reserved for "romantic couples". While the lower court denied the two an injunction based on unlawful discrimination, the appellate court reversed the decision in Rolon v. Kulwitzky (1984), finding that the restaurant's behavior was discrimination prohibited under the Los Angeles Municipal Code. Rather than serve LGBT couples, the restaurant decided to eliminate the booths altogether, and took out newspaper ads inviting
405-682: A brief fictional cameo as Lisa's lawyer in The Simpsons season 11 mockumentary episode, " Behind the Laughter ". In 2010, she was mentioned by Justin Bieber in the skit "Lonely Teacher" during Season 35 of Saturday Night Live . In early 2018, Netflix debuted a documentary about the life and work of Allred, Seeing Allred , from directors Roberta Grossman and Sophie Sartain. In Gilmore Girls (season 2 episode 22 at 18:08), Lorelai Gilmore refers to her when talking to Christopher on
486-421: A copy of their menu outside the restaurant. Fast-food restaurants that have a drive-through or walk-up window will often put the entire menu on a board, lit-up sign, or poster outside so that patrons can select their meal choices. High-end restaurants may also provide a copy of their menu outside the restaurant, with the pages of the menu placed in a lit-up glass display case; this way, prospective patrons can see if
567-761: A feature of very formal meals other than in restaurants, for example at weddings. In the 19th and 20th centuries printed menus were often used for society dinner-parties in homes; indeed this was their original use in Europe. Menus, as lists of prepared foods, have been discovered dating back to the Song dynasty in China . In the larger cities of the time, merchants found a way to cater to busy customers who had little time or energy to prepare an evening meal. The variation in Chinese cuisine from different regions led caterers to create
648-461: A hotel balcony in Berlin in 2002, Allred wrote a letter to California's Child Protective Services, asking for an investigation into the safety of Jackson's children, and spoke on CNN about the subject. She also briefly represented Jordan Chandler in 1993 whose father had accused Jackson of sexual abuse. Allred also represented 18-year-old Daniel Kapon, who claimed that Jackson had molested him when he
729-601: A large plaintiff class in an age discrimination lawsuit against that company after it fired 3,400 workers nationwide in April 2007. In a March 2008 complaint against the TSA , Allred represented a client who was given pliers and told to remove her nipple rings at a Lubbock, Texas, airport. In April 2008, it was reported that she had been hired by the family of the teenager who had been beaten and filmed by eight Florida teenagers. She also appeared on Today with Jessica Gibson, who
810-437: A large poster or display board format up high on the wall or above the service counter. This way, all of the patrons can see all of the choices, and the restaurant does not have to provide printed menus. This large format menu may also be set up outside (see the next section). The simplest large format menu boards have the menu printed or painted on a large flat board. More expensive large format menu boards include boards that have
891-710: A less costly black-only press. In a typical order, the printer might produce 600 menu shells, then finish and laminate 150 menus with prices. When the restaurant needed to reorder, the printer would add prices and laminate some of the remaining shells. With the advent of digital presses, it became practical in the 1990s to print full-color menus affordably in short press runs, sometimes as few as 25 menus. Because of limits on sheet size, larger laminated menus were impractical for single-location independent restaurants to produce press runs of as few as 300 menus, but some restaurants may want to place far fewer menus into service. Some menu printers continue to use shells. The disadvantage for
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#1732765466410972-413: A list of unseen dishes, which were produced to order according to the customer's selection. A table d'hôte establishment charged its customers a fixed price; the menu allowed customers to spend as much or as little money as they chose. Menus for private functions, pre-paid meals and the like do not have prices. In normal restaurants, there are two types of menus without prices that were mostly used until
1053-507: A list or menu for their patrons. The word "menu", like much of the terminology of cuisine , is French in origin. It ultimately derives from Latin "minutus", something made small; in French, it came to be applied to a detailed list or résumé of any kind. The original menus that offered consumers choices were prepared on a small chalkboard , in French a carte ; so foods chosen from a bill of fare are described as "à la carte", "according to
1134-408: A metal housing, a translucent surface, and a backlight (which facilitates the reading of the menu in low light) and boards that have removable numbers for the prices. This enables the restaurant to change prices without having to have the board reprinted or repainted. Some restaurants such as cafes and small eateries use a large chalkboard to display the entire menu. The advantage of using a chalkboard
1215-401: A period of inflation, any company that prints catalogs or product price lists will have to reprint these items with new price figures. To avoid having to reprint the menus throughout the year as prices changed, some restaurants began to display their menus on chalkboards , with the menu items and prices written in chalk . This way, the restaurant could easily modify the prices without going to
1296-666: A position at Benjamin Franklin High School . She began work on a graduate degree at New York University , where she became interested in the civil rights movement . After earning a master's degree , she became a teacher and, in 1966, moved to Los Angeles, where she resided in Watts . She worked for the Los Angeles Teachers Association and taught at Jordan High School and Fremont High School . In her autobiography she describes how, during
1377-516: A press conference representing her client, Beverly Young Nelson, as Nelson made a statement alleging sexual assault by Roy Moore when she was 16. In 2019, New York Times reporters Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey discussed the ways in which Allred and her firm profited from non-disclosure agreements that they negotiated, which silenced victims of sexual misconduct through "secret settlements" and "bur[ied] allegations of sexual harassment and assault". Allred's practice negotiated non-disclosures for
1458-407: A purported insurance scam. Instead, a hotel guest slips on the glass and Gloria Allred announces "I saw the whole thing." Later in the film, character Enrico is run over by an ambulance driven by Zack, a medical supply driver; to the fear of the latter, Allred witnesses the accident and yells "I saw the whole thing". And tells Zack and Enrico to stay put, she'll be right there. She also appeared in
1539-595: A restaurant's policies about ID checks for alcohol, lost items, or gratuities for larger parties. In the United States, county health departments frequently require restaurants to include health warnings about raw or undercooked meat, poultry, eggs, and seafood. As a form of advertising , the prose found on printed menus is famous for the degree of its puffery . Menus frequently emphasize the processes used to prepare foods, call attention to exotic ingredients, and add French or other foreign language expressions to make
1620-403: A separate menu, such as desserts and/or beverages, or a wine list. A children's menu may also be presented as a placemat with games and puzzles, to help keep children entertained. Menus can provide other useful information to diners. Some menus describe the chef's or proprietor's food philosophy, the chef's résumé (British: CV), or the mission statement of the restaurant. Menus often present
1701-411: A sexual battery lawsuit against actor John Travolta . The Daily Beast journalist Tricia Romano also labeled her as a "publicity hound". The New Republic contributor Jeffrey Rosen also described Allred as "a longtime master of the press conference". Allred's role, along with that of her daughter (attorney Lisa Bloom), in allegedly suppressing the voices of alleged victims of Harvey Weinstein
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#17327654664101782-441: A single-page menu may double as a disposable placemat. To protect a menu from spills and wear, it may be protected by heat-sealed vinyl page protectors, lamination or menu covers. Restaurants consider their positioning in the marketplace (e.g. fine dining, fast food, informal) in deciding which style of menu to use. Some restaurants use a single menu as the sole source of information about the food for customers, but in other cases,
1863-422: A static printed model to one which can change dynamically. By using a flat LCD screen and a computer server, menus can be digitally displayed allowing moving images, animated effects and the ability to edit details and prices. For fast food restaurants, a benefit is the ability to update prices and menu items as frequently as needed, across an entire chain. Digital menu boards also allow restaurant owners to control
1944-403: A suit arguing that Nadya Suleman was exploiting her octuplets. Allred asked for a court-appointed guardian, claiming that Suleman was not properly taking their interests into consideration. In December of the same year Allred was retained by Rachel Uchitel after media sources alleged that Uchitel had been having an affair with married golfer Tiger Woods . Allred also represented Joslyn James,
2025-699: A vacation in Acapulco in 1966, she was raped at gunpoint. She discovered she was pregnant and sought an abortion. Abortion was illegal at the time, so Allred had a back-alley abortion . After undergoing the procedure, she began hemorrhaging and became infected, only recovering after being hospitalized. She did not report the rape, she said, because she did not think anyone would believe her. In 1968, she married William Allred. She enrolled in Southwestern University School of Law and later transferred to Loyola University School of Law at
2106-408: A victim of Harvey Weinstein , and victims of Fox News host Bill O'Reilly and Olympics gymnastics physician Larry Nassar . Allred was vocal in her dislike of a proposed 2017 California bill that would ban non-disclosure clauses in agreements that silence victims of sexual harassment or assault. In February 2020, Allred hired an American-style school bus to encourage Prince Andrew to respond to
2187-611: A web application, but as well as facilitating orders it is also linked to the kitchen or other production facility. A digital menu can generate a variety of reports and is connected with the finance/point of sale system. It may also be integrated with inventory and accounting software. Another phenomenon is the so-called secret menu where some fast food restaurants are known for having unofficial and unadvertised selections that customers learn by word of mouth , or by looking them up online. Fast food restaurants will often prepare variations on items already available, but to have them all on
2268-492: A women's menu without prices and her guest got the menu with prices, Bick hired lawyer Gloria Allred to file a discrimination lawsuit, on the grounds that the women's menu went against the California Civil Rights Act. Bick stated that getting a women's menu without prices left her feeling "humiliated and incensed". The owners of the restaurant defended the practice, saying it was done as a courtesy, like
2349-450: A young law student who was simply exercised [sic] her free speech and her right to testify before congress on a very important issue to millions of American women and he vilified her. ... He needs to face the consequences of his conduct in every way that is meaningful." Allred did not represent Fluke or have contact with her at the time of her remarks nor did the prosecutor's office respond to request for comment. Also in 2012, Allred took on
2430-457: Is also an attorney and is best known as a former Court TV anchor. Gloria Bloom moved back in with her parents and continued her education. In 1963, she earned a bachelor's degree in English, graduating with honors. Over strong objections from her professor, she wrote her honors thesis on black writers. She was employed in a number of occupations before she decided to become a teacher, taking
2511-417: Is that the menu items and prices can be changed; the downside is that the chalk may be hard to read in lower light or glare, and the restaurant has to have a staff member who has attractive, clear handwriting. A high-tech successor to the chalkboard menu is the 'write-on wipe-off" illuminated sign , using LED technology. The text appears in a vibrant color against a black background. Some restaurants provide
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2592-536: Is to display them on handheld tablets; customers can browse through these and look at the photographs of the dishes. The main categories within a typical menu in the US are appetizers, "side orders and à la carte", entrées, desserts and beverages. Sides and à la carte may include such items as soups, salads, and dips. There may be special age-restricted sections for " seniors " or for children, presenting smaller portions at lower prices. Any of these sections may be pulled out as
2673-555: The 2012 Miami cannibalism incident . On October 4, 2013, Allred was hired by the wife of critically injured motorcyclist Edwin Mieses, who was run over by Alexian Lien during the Hollywood Stuntz gang assault . Lien ran over Mieses with his SUV while Lien was being surrounded and threatened by Mieses and his motorcycle gang on Manhattan's West Side Highway. Fellow bikers later caught up with Lien and assaulted him. Allred told
2754-501: The FBI about the sexual misconduct allegations surrounding him. The school bus was covered with an advertisement and placed outside of Buckingham Palace , and included photographs of the Duke of York and a message urging him to answer questions surrounding the controversy. In 2021, Allred represented several victims who accused R&B singer R. Kelly of sexually abusing them. After Kelly
2835-685: The Loyola Marymount University in Los Angeles. Allred graduated and was admitted to the State Bar of California in 1975. Allred divorced her husband in 1987, retaining her married name. In a legal career that has spanned five decades, Allred has represented a wide variety of clients in civil rights suits that have involved sexual harassment , women's rights , wrongful termination , and employment discrimination . The New Republic has called her "a longtime master of
2916-770: The National Women's Hall of Fame . Gloria Rachel Bloom was born in Philadelphia into a Jewish working-class family on July 3, 1941. Her father, Morris, worked as a salesman; her British-born mother, Stella, was a householder. After graduating from the Philadelphia High School for Girls , she attended the University of Pennsylvania , where she met her first husband, Peyton Huddleston Bray Jr. The couple had their only child, Lisa Bloom , on September 20, 1961, and divorced shortly after. Bloom
2997-455: The State Bar of California and the District of Columbia Bar , alleging conflict of interest because Allred was in negotiations with CBS at the same time she was representing him in a lawsuit against CBS for employment discrimination. Allred issued a statement denying any wrongdoing and claiming the investigation was sparked by a failed extortion attempt. On November 11, 2017, Allred held
3078-470: The courtroom television genre with We the People with Gloria Allred , a show using improv actors to reenact fictitious case scenarios. In April 2013, Allred appeared on the reality show RuPaul's Drag Race (episode " The Final Three, Hunty "), interviewing and advising the final three contestants on selling themselves as "America's Next Drag Superstar". On November 27, 2016, Allred appeared as herself on
3159-427: The 1970s and 1980s: the "blind menu" and the "women's menu". These menus contained all of the same items as the regular menu, except that the prices were not listed. The "blind menu" was distributed to guests at business meals where the hosts did not want the diners to see the prices, or to any type of dinner where the host felt that having the prices not listed would make the guests feel more comfortable ordering. Until
3240-590: The Epix TV show Graves . Allred founded (incorporated in 1978) and is currently president of the Women’s Equal Rights Legal Defense and Education Fund WERDLEF ( Legal Momentum ). In 1980, Allred held a fundraiser at Chippendales for WERLDEF. Gloria Allred has been a member of the advisory board of Women's Day-USA , a California charity dedicated to promoting observation and recognition of March 8 as International Women's Day in
3321-462: The Internet. Some sites are city-specific, some list by region, state or province. The idea of the digital menu is very new and differs from an online menu. An online menu is a website presenting a food menu on an e-commerce platform but has no interface with meal production except sometimes receiving the order. A digital menu is a fully integrated food menu where the front-end is presented online as
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3402-515: The United States. Allred and her first husband, Peyton Huddleston Bray, Jr., were married in 1960, and divorced in 1962. She and her second husband, William Allred, married in 1968 and divorced in 1987. Her only child, Lisa Bloom , was born in 1961. She is Jewish, but does not consider herself particularly religious. Allred's public statements and behavior have resulted in criticism. In 2012, The Atlantic described her as "the ambulance chaser of feminism" after she defended two men involved in
3483-453: The board". The earliest European menus, several of which survive from 1751 onwards, appear to have been for the relatively intimate and informal soupers intimes ("intimate suppers ") given by King Louis XV of France at the Château de Choisy for between 31 and 36 guests. Several seem to have been placed on the table, listing four courses, each with several dishes, plus dessert. During
3564-484: The case of Jenna Talackova , a Canadian transgender woman who was challenging her disqualification from the Miss Universe Canada pageant for not being a "naturally born" female. The Miss Universe organization ultimately reversed its decision before the case proceeded to the courts. In June 2012 Allred confirmed that she was representing a former girlfriend of Rudy Eugene, the now-deceased cannibal of
3645-466: The culinary terms concassé to describe coarsely chopped vegetables, coulis to describe a purée of vegetables or fruit, or au jus , to describe meat served with its own natural gravy of pan drippings. Menus vary in length and detail depending on the type of restaurant. The simplest hand-held menus are printed on a single sheet of paper, though menus with multiple pages or "views" are common. In some cafeteria-style restaurants and chain restaurants,
3726-429: The day parting of their menus, converting from a breakfast menu in the late morning. Some platforms support the ability allow local operators to control their own pricing while the design aesthetic is controlled by the corporate entity. Various software tools and hardware developments have been created for the specific purpose of managing a digital menu board system. Digital menu screens can also alternate between displaying
3807-593: The discrimination lawsuit, arguing in court papers that her "flamboyant and headline-grabbing antics" would add nothing to the case. On March 9, 2012, Allred called for an investigation into whether radio host Rush Limbaugh should be prosecuted in Florida under a 19th-century law against "maliciously imputing to [any woman] a want of chastity" for derogatory remarks he made regarding Sandra Fluke , who testified before House Democrats to advocate for free birth control. Allred commented: "Mr. Limbaugh targeted his attack on
3888-417: The dishes appear sophisticated and exotic. "Menu language, with its hyphens, quotation marks, and random outbursts of foreign words, serves less to describe food than to manage your expectations"; restaurants are often "plopping in foreign words (80 percent of them French) like "spring mushroom civet", "pain of rabbit", "orange-jaggery gastrique". Part of the function of menu prose is to impress customers with
3969-468: The early 1980s, some high-end restaurants had two menus divided by gender: a regular menu with the prices listed for men and a second menu for women, which did not have the prices listed (it was called the "ladies' menu"), so that the female diner would not know the prices of the items. In 1980, Kathleen Bick took a male business partner out to dinner at L'Orangerie in West Hollywood; after Bick got
4050-411: The expense of reprinting the paper menus. A similar tactic continued to be used in the 2000s with certain items that are sensitive to changing supply, fuel costs, and so on: the use of the term "market price" or "Please ask the server" instead of stating the price. This allows restaurants to modify the price of lobster, fresh fish and other foods subject to rapid changes in cost. The latest trend in menus
4131-568: The firm Allred, Maroko, & Goldberg with fellow Loyola graduates Michael Maroko and Nathan Goldberg in January 1976. In 1979, Allred represented seven children and their parents in a lawsuit against the Sav-On Drugstore chain to stop the store from designating separate sections for boys' and girls' toys. In 1981, while California State Senator John G. Schmitz was presiding over hearings on outlawing abortion, Allred presented him with
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#17327654664104212-654: The first lawsuit in California challenging the denial of marriage licenses for same-sex couples as being unconstitutional . She took the case pro bono for Robin Tyler and Diane Olson and Rev. Troy Perry and his spouse Phillip Ray De Blieck. The case went to the California Supreme Court, where on May 15, 2008 she won a decision affirming the right of same-sex couples to marry in California. She represented three former Circuit City employees on behalf of
4293-461: The full menu and showing video commercials to promote specific dishes or menu items. Websites featuring online restaurant menus have been on the Internet for nearly a decade. In recent years, however, more and more restaurants outside of large metropolitan areas have been able to feature their menus online as a result of this trend. Several restaurant-owned and startup online food ordering websites already included menus on their websites, yet due to
4374-471: The lawsuit, and the show countersued for legal costs. In 2024, Allred represented various individuals claiming to have been sexual assault victims of rapper and music producer Sean "Diddy" Combs . Allred co-hosted a radio talk show with Mark Taylor on KABC in Los Angeles for 14 years. She also served as a panelist on the 1990 revival of television game show To Tell the Truth . On March 28, 2000, Allred
4455-430: The limitations of which restaurants could handle online orders, many restaurants were left invisible to the Internet aside from an address listing. Multiple companies came up with the idea of posting menus online simultaneously, and it is difficult to ascertain who was first. Menus and online food ordering have been available online since at least 1997. Since 1997, hundreds of online restaurant menu web sites have appeared on
4536-627: The lobbies and doorsteps of nearby homes as advertisements. The first to do so may have been New York City's Empire Szechuan chain, founded in 1976. The chain and other restaurants' aggressive menu distribution in the Upper West Side of Manhattan caused the "Menu Wars" of the 1990s, including invasions of Empire Szechuan by the "Menu Vigilantes", the revoking of its cafe license, several lawsuits, and physical attacks on menu distributors. Some restaurants – typically fast-food restaurants and cafeteria-style establishments – provide their menu in
4617-419: The main menu is supplemented by ancillary menus, such as: Some restaurants use only text in their menus. In other cases, restaurants include illustrations and photos, either of the dishes or of an element of the culture which is associated with the restaurant. For instance a Lebanese kebab restaurant might decorate its menu with photos of Lebanese mountains and beaches. Particularly with the ancillary menu types,
4698-428: The menu choices are to their liking. Also, some mid-level and high-end restaurants may provide a partial indication of their menu listings–the "specials"–on a chalkboard displayed outside the restaurant. The chalkboard will typically provide a list of seasonal items or dishes that are the specialty of the chef which is only available for a few days. With the invention of LCD and Plasma displays, some menus have moved from
4779-461: The menu may be provided in alternative formats, because these menus (other than wine lists) tend to be much shorter than food menus. For example, an appetizer menu or a dessert menu may be displayed on a folded paper table tent, a hard plastic table stand, a flipchart style wooden "table stand", or even, in the case of a pizza restaurant with a limited wine selection, a wine list glued to an empty bottle. Take-out restaurants often leave paper menus in
4860-423: The menu would create clutter. This can also occur in high-end restaurants, which may be willing to prepare certain items which are not listed on the menu (e.g., dishes that have long been favorites of regular clientele). Sometimes restaurants may name foods often ordered by regular clientele after them, for either convenience or prestige. At some fast food restaurants, 'secret menu' items exist which were once part of
4941-603: The notion that the dishes served at the restaurant require such skill, equipment, and exotic ingredients that the diners could not prepare similar foods at home. In some cases, ordinary foods are made to sound more exciting by replacing everyday terms with their French equivalents. For example, instead of stating that a pork chop has a dollop of apple sauce, a high-end restaurant menu might say "Tenderloin of pork avec compote de Pommes ." Although " avec compote de Pommes " translates directly as "with apple sauce", it sounds more exotic—and more worthy of an inflated price tag. Menus may use
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#17327654664105022-428: The press conference". She often takes high-profile cases, using press conferences and appearances on television to much effect. Allred has represented many clients in suits against celebrities, including those against Mötley Crüe drummer Tommy Lee , Arnold Schwarzenegger , Herman Cain , David Boreanaz , Scott Lee Cohen , Anthony Weiner , Sacha Baron Cohen , Esai Morales , and R. Kelly . Allred founded
5103-554: The press that Mieses, who suffered spinal injuries and two broken legs, was an "innocent victim" who was trying to "defuse the situation". As of 2015 , Allred was representing at least 28 women who accuse Bill Cosby of sexual assault, sexual harassment, and/or other sexual misconduct. She also represented three women who accused Donald Trump of sexual misconduct— claims which Trump has denied, and which first arose during Trump's 2016 presidential campaign . In 2017, former Allred client Kyle Hunter filed official complaints with both
5184-686: The public to a "Wake for Romance" event. In 1995, Allred represented 11-year-old Katrina Yeaw in Yeaw v. Boy Scouts of America , a suit against the Boy Scouts of America to determine whether the organization had the right to exclude girls from membership. That same year, she represented Nicole Brown Simpson 's family during the O. J. Simpson murder trial . In August 1997, she represented model Kelly Fisher when she sued Dodi Fayed for allegedly breaking off their engagement to begin his highly publicized relationship with Diana, Princess of Wales . The suit
5265-427: The regular menu but are no longer advertised. These items may still be rung up as a regular menu item, and are assembled from ingredients that are still in use in other menu items. Gloria Allred Gloria Rachel Allred ( née Bloom ; born July 3, 1941) is an American attorney known for taking high-profile and often controversial cases, particularly those involving feminist causes. She has been inducted into
5346-469: The resignation of HP CEO Mark Hurd . Allred was visible in the 2010 California gubernatorial race, going public as the lawyer for Nicky Diaz, a former domestic worker for Republican nominee Meg Whitman . Allred contended that Whitman employed Diaz for years while knowing that Diaz was an undocumented immigrant. On April 27, 2011, Allred appeared at a press conference with the family of Justin Quinn, who
5427-442: The restaurant is that it is unable to update anything but prices without creating a new shell. During the economic crisis in the 1970s, many restaurants found it costly to reprint the menu as inflation caused prices to increase. Economists noted this, and it has become part of economic theory, under the term " menu costs ". In general, such "menu costs" may be incurred by a range of businesses, not just restaurants; for example, during
5508-517: The second half of the 18th century, and especially after the French Revolution in 1789, they spread to restaurants. Before then, eating establishments or tables d'hôte served dishes chosen by the chef or proprietors. Customers ate what the house was serving that day, as in contemporary banquets or buffets , and meals were served from a common table. The establishment of restaurants and restaurant menus allowed customers to choose from
5589-476: The subject of a newspaper article that detailed his history of sexual harassment. She kept pressure on the Committee and urged Packwood to release his diaries. The Committee eventually voted for his expulsion, and he resigned. In 1983, Allred represented lesbian activists Deborah Johnson and Zandra Rolón in their lawsuit against the owner of a Los Angeles restaurant, Papa Choux, after he denied them service in
5670-519: The then all-male Friars Club of Beverly Hills , an exclusive private club, over its membership discrimination policies . The Friars Club eventually allowed Allred and five other women to use the club's health facilities, after Allred displayed early skills in effective use of the media. Allred wrote a letter to the Senate Ethics Committee in 1992 asking them to investigate the actions of Oregon Senator Bob Packwood , who had been
5751-453: The title Menus . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Menus&oldid=930006870 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Menu Menus are also often
5832-469: The way men would stand up when a woman enters the room. Even though the lawsuit was dropped, the restaurant ended its gender-based menu policy. While price-less menus for women generally disappeared after the 1980s, in 2010, Tracey MacLeod reported that Le Gavroche in London (UK) still had a price-less women's menu for women who eat at tables booked by men, with tables booked by women getting a regular menu for
5913-443: The woman. As early as the mid-20th century, some restaurants have relied on "menu specialists" to design and print their menus. Prior to the emergence of digital printing, these niche printing companies printed full-color menus on offset presses. The economics of full-color offset made it impractical to print short press runs. The solution was to print a "menu shell" with everything but the prices. The prices would later be printed on
5994-511: Was Dieter Wiesner whom Jackson fired and who at that time was suing him for $ 64 million. Later in 2002, Allred represented the family of Gwen Araujo , a transgender teen who was brutally beaten to death when it was learned that she had been assigned male at birth. In 2004, Allred represented Amber Frey when Frey was a witness in the criminal case against Scott Peterson for the murder of his wife Laci Peterson . On February 24, 2004, Allred and her law firm, Allred, Maroko, and Goldberg, filed
6075-414: Was a child. The Kapon case was dismissed because Kapon's father confirmed that Kapon had never met Jackson. Jackson, who an advisor said could be a bit paranoid, reportedly kept an "enemy list" on which Allred appeared, along with Rabbi Shmuley Boteach , illusionist Uri Geller , music executive Tommy Mottola , DA Tom Sneddon , and Janet Arvizo , mother of a Jackson accuser. The source of this allegation
6156-629: Was allegedly threatened at a San Francisco Giants baseball game by Braves coach Roger McDowell . Quinn had objected to McDowell's uttering of homophobic slurs and use of a baseball bat to simulate a sex act in the presence of his daughters. On October 18, 2011, Allred won court approval to represent nine former cocktail waitresses who were fired from their jobs at Resorts Casino Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey after they "did not look good enough" in new uniforms modeled after 1920s-era Flapper outfits. Resorts had sought to bar Allred from
6237-566: Was chronicled in Jodi Kantor and Megan Twohey's 2019 book She Said: Breaking the Sexual Harassment Story That Helped Ignite a Movement . In several episodes of musical comedy Glee , she was mentioned by character Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) to be her lawyer. In the 2001 film Rat Race , she first appeared after the character Blaine Cody (Vince Vieluf) was about to step on a shot glass for
6318-601: Was convicted of sexual crimes in September 2021, Allred stated that Kelly was the worst sexual predator she had pursued in her 47-year law career. In 2021, Allred represented Hannah Archuleta. In 2019, Dr. Phil allegedly pressured Archuleta's father to send her to the Turn-About Ranch in Utah, and at the ranch, Archuleta was allegedly groped and sexually assaulted repeatedly by a male staff member. A judge dismissed
6399-618: Was counter-suing Rob Lowe for sexual harassment. On July 30, 2008, Allred filed a complaint with federal regulators against Downey Savings and Loan Association regarding check-cashing procedures. Marc Retmier, a 19-year-old US Navy Hospitalman, was killed in action in Afghanistan in June 2008. Downey Savings refused to immediately cash his family's military bereavement checks, and family members were compelled to seek funding elsewhere to pay for his funeral services. In May 2009, Allred filed
6480-457: Was dropped not long after Diana and Fayed died in Paris that August. Allred represented Melrose Place actress Hunter Tylo in 1997 when producer Aaron Spelling fired her because she was pregnant. A jury awarded Tylo $ 4.8 million. The case was important in establishing the rights of actors to continue work if they become pregnant. After pop singer Michael Jackson held his son over
6561-499: Was parodied on the animated TV show Family Guy , by a character named "Gloria Ironbox", voiced by Candice Bergen , in an episode titled " I Am Peter, Hear Me Roar ". Allred appears as herself in the 2001 film Rat Race . On May 21, 2001, she was parodied on The Simpsons episode " Behind the Laughter ", portraying a lawyer at the family table for Lisa Simpson. On June 27, 2001, she was parodied on South Park ' s episode " Cripple Fight ". On September 12, 2011, Allred debuted into
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