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67-586: During its production, the Eight offered a full range of body styles, including coupes, sedans, convertibles, and station wagons. For its first generation, the Eight was produced with its own body, adapting its own version of a Ford body for its second generation; for the third generation, the Eight shared its body with the Lincoln . For the 1952 model year, Ford expanded its namesake division to three nameplates and Lincoln and Mercury to two each, with Mercury replacing

134-407: A centrifugal clutch . At idle speed, the engine is disconnected from the gearbox input shaft, allowing both it and the bike to freewheel , unlike with torque converter automatics, there is no idle creep with a properly adjusted centrifugal clutch. As the engine speed rises, counterweights within the clutch assembly gradually pivot further outwards until they start to make contact with the inside of

201-414: A console -mounted shift selector or paddle shifters. It has a lower cost than conventional automatic transmissions. The automated manual transmission (trade names include SMG-III ) is not to be confused with " manumatic " automatic transmission (marketed under trade names such as Tiptronic , Steptronic , Sportmatic , and Geartronic ). While these systems seem superficially similar, a manumatic uses

268-561: A 7-speed paddle-shift system for the 2007 season . This transmission was introduced with the new-for-2007 Panoz DP01 chassis. The rival IndyCar Series introduced their 6-speed semi-automatic paddle-shift system for the 2008 season , also replacing the previous lever-shifted sequential transmission, introduced with the Dallara IR-05 chassis for 2008. IndyCars currently use the Xtrac P1011 sequential transmission, which uses

335-479: A change to the model line, the four-door station wagon was replaced by a two-door model; the design of the wagon body structure had shifted to steel, relegating wood to body paneling (still manufactured at the Ford Iron Mountain Plant ). An 8 tube AM radio was introduced as an option; full instrumentation was added to the dashboard. A new overdrive system was optional, activated by a handle under

402-407: A conventional three-speed manual transmission was connected to a vacuum-operated automatic clutch system. The top of the gear stick was designed to depress and activate an electric switch, i.e. when touched by the driver's hand. When pressed, the switch operated a 12-volt solenoid , which in turn operated the vacuum clutch actuator, thus disengaging the clutch and allowing shifting between gears. With

469-437: A designated transmission control unit. The first Formula One car to use a semi-automatic transmission was the 1989 Ferrari 640 . It used hydraulic actuators and electrical solenoids for clutch control and shifting, and was shifted via two paddles mounted behind the steering wheel. Another paddle on the steering wheel controlled the clutch, which was only needed when starting from a standstill. The car won its debut race at

536-556: A method of shifting gears that did not require the use of a clutch and was activated by a ring mounted within the steering wheel. One car using this system was the 1912 Bollée Type F Torpedo. Prior to the arrival of the first mass-produced hydraulic automatic transmission (the General Motors Hydra-Matic ) in 1940, several American manufacturers offered various devices to reduce the amount of clutch or shifting input required. These devices were intended to reduce

603-399: A rather long gearing. In combination with a smart-shifting program, this can significantly reduce fuel consumption. In general, there are two types of AMTs: integrated AMTs and add-on AMTs. Integrated AMTs were designed to be dedicated AMTs, whereas add-on AMTs are conversions of standard manual transmissions into AMTs. An automated manual transmission may include a fully automatic mode where

670-644: A semi-automatic motorcycle transmission was the use of an automatic centrifugal clutch in the early 1960s by the Czechoslovakian manufacturer Jawa Moto . Their design was used without permission in the 1965 Honda Cub 50 , which resulted in Jawa suing Honda for patent infringement and Honda agreeing to pay royalties for each motorcycle using the design. Other semi-automatic transmissions used in motorcycles include: Semi-automatic transmissions in racing cars are typically operated by shift paddles connected to

737-471: A semi-automatic paddle shift system supplied by Mega-Line called AGS (Assisted Gearshift System). AGS uses a pneumatic gearshift and clutch actuator controlled by an internal transmission control unit. Both the FIA Formula 2 and Formula 3 Championships currently use 6-speed sequential gearboxes with electro-hydraulic operation via shift paddles. Manual control of the multi-plate clutch systems via

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804-534: A single column -mounted selector, while the driver simultaneously lifted off the accelerator to change gear. This system was nicknamed "Citro-Matic" in the U.S. For the 1962 model year, American Motors introduced the E-Stick, which eliminated the clutch pedal in the Rambler American with standard three-speed manual transmissions. This automatic clutch used engine oil pressure as a hydraulic source and

871-399: A standard manual transmission). The Torque-Drive was essentially a 2-speed Powerglide automatic transmission without the vacuum modulator, requiring the driver to manually shift gears between "Low" and "High". The quadrant indicator on Torque-Drive cars was "Park-R-N-Hi-1st". The driver would start the car in "1st," then move the lever to "Hi" when desired. The Torque-Drive was discontinued at

938-415: A torque converter like an automatic transmission, instead of the clutch used in the automated manual transmission. An automated manual can give the driver full control of the gear selection, whereas a manumatic will deny a gear change request that would result in the engine stalling (from too few RPM ) or over-revving. The automatic mode of an automated manual transmission at low or frequent stop start speeds

1005-492: A wheelbase of 116.0 in (2,946 mm) and an overall length of 196.0 in (4,978 mm), it was a good-sized car, which the Ford company advertised extensively, together with its up-to-20 mpg performance—"few cars of any size can equal such economy". Double sun visors became standard in 1940. Although "Eight" script would not appear on the front of the hood until the 1941 model year, sales literature prominently referred to

1072-799: Is a multiple-speed transmission where part of its operation is automated (typically the actuation of the clutch ), but the driver's input is still required to launch the vehicle from a standstill and to manually change gears. Semi-automatic transmissions were almost exclusively used in motorcycles and are based on conventional manual transmissions or sequential manual transmissions , but use an automatic clutch system. But some semi-automatic transmissions have also been based on standard hydraulic automatic transmissions with torque converters and planetary gearsets . Names for specific types of semi-automatic transmissions include clutchless manual , auto-manual , auto-clutch manual , and paddle-shift transmissions. These systems facilitate gear shifts for

1139-475: Is less smooth than that of manumatics and other automatic transmissions. Several semi-automatic transmissions used by motorcycles and racing cars are actually mechanically based on sequential manual transmissions . Semi-automatic motorcycle transmissions generally omit the clutch lever, but retain the conventional heel-and-toe foot shift lever. Semi-automatic motorcycle transmissions are based on conventional sequential manual transmissions and typically use

1206-502: The Brazilian Grand Prix , but for much of the season suffered from reliability problems. Other teams began switching to similar semi-automatic transmissions; the 1991 Williams FW14 was the first to use a sequential drum-rotation mechanism (similar to those used in motorcycle transmissions ), which allowed for a more compact design that required only one actuator to rotate the drum and change gears. A further development

1273-681: The Ford Super DeLuxe and the wheelbase was expanded by 2.0 in (51 mm) to 118.0 in (2,997 mm). There were many chassis refinements, including improved spring lengths, rates, and deflections, plus changes in shackling, shocks, and an improved stabilizer bar, but the old fashioned transverse springs were still used. The new body featured door bottoms that flared out over the running boards, allowing for wider seats and interiors. The car had 2.0 in (51 mm) more headroom, two-piece front fenders (three-piece at first), and more glass area. The front pillars were made slimmer and

1340-454: The Ford V-8 (as the "deuce" ) was becoming the definitive hot rod . The Eights were among the first models to receive an aftermarket OHV engine swap, since Oldsmobile and Cadillac developed the first high-compression OHV V8 engines in 1949, whereas Ford was still using a sidevalve engine. Sam and George Barris also used the 1949 body style to build "the most famous custom car ever",

1407-474: The Hirohata Merc , for customer Bob Hirohata in 1953. Setting a style and an attitude, it had a "momentous effect" on custom car builders, appeared in several magazines at the time, and reappeared numerous times since, earning an honorable mention on Rod & Custom ' s "Twenty Best of All Time" list in 1991. The Eight remains a very popular subject for car modellers. In 1990, Hot Wheels created

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1474-594: The Lincoln-Zephyr and about the same as the upper-range Oldsmobile and Dodges , Hudsons , and the lower-range Buicks and DeSotos , sales from all of which, it was hoped that customers would trade in their cars for the new Mercury. Its engine was a 95 hp version of the Ford flathead V8 engine , its styling was inspired by the Zephyr , and it had standard equipment hydraulic brakes using 12-inch drums . With

1541-756: The Purple Passion , a model based on the 1949 Mercury with a chopped top. Fiberglass replicas of the Eight, inspired by Sam Barris's car, are still in production and are popular with custom and rod enthusiasts. Lincoln EL-series Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 219733552 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:59:01 GMT Semiautomatic transmission A semi-automatic transmission

1608-400: The "low" and "high" ranges. The Automatic Safety Transmission was replaced by the fully-automatic Hydra-Matic for the 1940 model year. The 1938–1939 Buick Special was available with another Self-Shifter 4-speed semi-automatic transmission, which used a manual clutch for starting from standstill and an automated clutch for gear changes. The 1941 Chrysler M4 Vacamatic transmission

1675-509: The 1941–1950 Hudson Drive-Master and the ill-fated 1942 Lincoln Liquimatic. Both of these combined a 3-speed manual transmission with automated shifting between the 2nd and 3rd gears, instead of the Vacamatic's "underdrive" unit. The Packard Electro-Matic, introduced in the 1941 Packard Clipper and Packard 180 , was an early clutchless manual transmission that used a traditional friction clutch with automatic vacuum operation, which

1742-523: The 1957–1958 Ford Anglia, also had a provision for choke control. A similar product was the German Saxomat automatic clutch system, which was introduced in the mid-1950s and available on various European cars. The Citroën DS , introduced in 1955, used a hydraulic system with a hydraulically-operated speed controller and idle speed step-up device to select gears and operate the otherwise conventional clutch. This allowed clutchless shifting with

1809-403: The Eight with Monterey (introduced in 1950 as a trim option), lasting until 1974. The advertisements for this car declared it to be "The car that truly dares to ask 'Why? ' ", referring to the idea that a big car could not also be economical. The Mercury two-door sedan was listed at US$ 946 ($ 20,721 in 2023 dollars), several hundred dollars more than the 1937 Ford V-8 , several hundred less than

1876-704: The Mercury was produced in Australia from 1946 to 1948. Marketed as the Mercury Club Coupe Utility, it was built on a 118-inch wheelbase and had a carrying capacity rated at 10–12 cwt . The 1946 version was coded as the Model S9A and the 1947 and 1948 variants as the Model 6M. A panel van model was also offered. For 1949, Mercury introduced its first postwar model line. The first Mercury of

1943-573: The car as the "Mercury Eight" from the very beginning. This is no doubt because the actual series names, 99A in 1939 and 09A in 1940, were somewhat less enticing. A 1940 09A model has the words "Mercury Eight" in an emblem that runs from front to rear alongside the top hood lines on both sides. It appears as chrome wording on top of a double red bar. By the end of 1940 Mercury could run with the headline "It's made 150,000 owners change cars!" The 1941 Mercury Eight got all-new styling and some engineering improvements. The Mercury now shared its bodyshell with

2010-439: The car to accelerate from a stop, whereas the torque converter enabled it to do so in any gear. Dampening engine vibrations and providing torque multiplication, it functioned as a sort of "reduction gearbox", so the actual mechanical gearbox only needed three forward gears (this is why conventional automatic transmissions with torque converters normally have fewer gears than manual transmissions). The WSK had no "first" gear; instead,

2077-418: The clutch becomes automated, the transmission becomes semi-automatic. However, these systems still require manual gear selection by the driver. This type of transmission is called a clutchless manual or an automated manual . Most semi-automatic transmissions in older passenger cars retain the normal H-pattern shifter of a manual transmission; similarly, semi-automatic transmissions on older motorcycles retain

Mercury Eight - Misplaced Pages Continue

2144-618: The combined Lincoln-Mercury Division, the Mercury Eight now shared its body with the Lincoln (instead of the Ford). Keeping its 118-inch wheelbase, the Mercury was sized between its two divisional counterparts. In place of the updated prewar body, Mercury adopted a "pontoon" body, ending the use of running boards entirely, along with separate fenders. The 239 Flathead V8 was carried over, producing more power than in its Ford counterpart. In

2211-738: The conventional foot-shift lever, as on a motorcycle with a fully manual transmission. However, semi-automatics systems in newer motorcycles, racing cars, and other types of vehicles often use gear selection methods such as shift paddles near the steering wheel or triggers near the handlebars . Several different forms of automation for clutch actuation have been used over the years, from hydraulic , pneumatic , and electromechanical clutches to vacuum-operated , electromagnetic , and even centrifugal clutches . Fluid couplings (most commonly and formerly used in early automatic transmissions) have also been used by various manufacturers, usually alongside some form of mechanical friction clutch, to prevent

2278-586: The dash. The shift of the Mercury to the Lincoln body proved successful; alongside its Ford counterpart, Mercury broke sales records for 1949. For 1950, the Monterey name made its first appearance, as Mercury introduced a high-end two-door coupe, similar to the Ford Crestliner, Lincoln Lido, and Lincoln Cosmopolitan Capri; the Monterey was intended to compete against the two-door hardtop coupes introduced by General Motors in 1949. The front suspension

2345-408: The difficulty of operating the unsynchronised manual transmissions , or "crash gearboxes", that were commonly used, especially in stop-start driving. An early step towards automated transmissions was the 1933–1935 REO Self-Shifter, which automatically shifted between two forward gears in the "forward" mode (or between two shorter gear ratios in the "emergency low" mode). Standing starts required

2412-415: The driver by operating the clutch system automatically, usually via switches that trigger an actuator or servo , while still requiring the driver to manually shift gears. This contrasts with a preselector gearbox , in which the driver selects the next gear ratio and operates the pedal, but the gear change within the transmission is performed automatically. The first usage of semi-automatic transmissions

2479-436: The driver does not need to change gears at all. These transmissions can be described as a standard manual transmission with an automated clutch and automated gear shift control, allowing them to operate in the same manner as traditional automatic transmissions. The TCU automatically shifts gears if, for example, the engine is redlined . The AMT can be switched to a clutchless manual mode wherein one can upshift or downshift using

2546-635: The driver to use the clutch pedal. The Self-Shifter first appeared in May 1933 and was offered as standard on the Royale and as an option on the Flying Cloud S-4. In 1937, the four-speed Oldsmobile Automatic Safety Transmission was introduced on the Oldsmobile Six and Oldsmobile Eight models. It used a planetary gearset with a clutch pedal for starting from a standstill and switching between

2613-515: The driver's hand removed from the gearshift, the clutch would re-engage automatically. The transmission was also equipped with a torque converter, allowing the car to idle in gear like with an automatic, as well as stop and start from a standstill in any gear. Starting in the late 1990s, automotive manufacturers introduced what is now called an automated manual transmission (AMT), which is mechanically similar to, and has its roots in, earlier clutchless manual transmission systems. An AMT functions in

2680-472: The electro-hydraulic gear shift mechanism of the Ferrari 640 Formula One car in 1989. These systems are currently used on a variety of top-tier racing car classes; including Formula One , IndyCar , and touring car racing . Other applications include motorcycles, trucks, buses, and railway vehicles . Semi-automatics facilitate easier gear shifts by removing the need to depress a clutch pedal or lever at

2747-509: The end of 1971 and replaced by a traditional hydraulic automatic transmission. Other examples of semi-automatic transmissions based on hydraulic automatics were the Ford 3-speed Semi-Automatic Transmission used in the 1970–1971 Ford Maverick , early versions of Honda's 1972–1988 Hondamatic 2-speed and 3-speed transmissions, and the Daihatsu Diamatic 2-speed transmission used in the 1985–1991 Daihatsu Charade . An early example of

Mercury Eight - Misplaced Pages Continue

2814-425: The fenders inboard of the headlights. Running boards were now completely concealed under flared door bottoms. The instrument panel now features two identical circles for speedometer and clock with gauges to the left of the speedometer, a glove compartment to the right of the clock, and a large radio speaker cover in the center. The grille looked more like that of the Lincoln-Zephyr and Continental . The "Eight" script

2881-399: The first gear was converted into reverse gear, and the second gear was labeled first (with the third and fourth gears respectively being labeled second and third). The Chevrolet Torque-Drive transmission, introduced on the 1968 Chevrolet Nova and Camaro , is one of a few examples where a semi-automatic transmission was based on a conventional hydraulic automatic transmission (rather than

2948-573: The internal clutch actuator may be completely electric, where the main clutch actuator is powered by an electric motor or solenoid , or even pneumatic, where the main clutch actuator is a pneumatic actuator that disengages the clutch. A clutchless manual system, named the Autostick , was a semi-automatic transmission introduced by Volkswagen for the 1968 model year. Marketed as the Volkswagen Automatic Stickshift ,

3015-419: The optimal timing and torque required for smooth clutch engagement. The electronic control unit powers an actuator, which engages and disengages the clutch in a smooth manner. In some cases, the clutch is actuated by a servomotor coupled to a gear arrangement for a linear actuator , which, via a hydraulic cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid from the braking system , disengages the clutch. In other cases,

3082-555: The outer housing and transmit an increasing amount of engine power and torque. The effective "bite point" or "biting point" is found automatically by equilibrium, where the power is transmitted through the (still-slipping) clutch is equal to what the engine can provide. This allows relatively fast full- throttle takeoffs (with the clutch adjusted so the engine is at peak torque) without the engine slowing or being bogged down, as well as more relaxed starts and low-speed maneuvers at lower throttle and RPMs . In 1901, Amédée Bollée developed

3149-399: The paddles) are permitted. The 2005 Minardi PS05 , Renault R25 , and Williams FW27 were the last Formula 1 cars to use a 6-speed gearbox before the switch to a mandatory 7-speed gearbox for the 2006 season . Since 2014 season , Formula 1 cars currently use mandatory 8-speed paddle-shift gearboxes. The now-defunct CART Champ Car Series switched from a lever-shift sequential system to

3216-432: The same time as changing gears. Most cars that have a semi-automatic transmission are not fitted with a standard clutch pedal since the clutch is remotely controlled. Similarly, most motorcycles with a semi-automatic transmission are not fitted with a conventional clutch lever on the handlebar . Most semi-automatic transmissions are based on conventional manual transmission. They can be partially automated transmission. Once

3283-431: The same way as older semi-automatic and clutchless manual transmissions, but with two exceptions; it is able to both operate the clutch and shift automatically, and does not use a torque converter. Shifting is done either automatically from a transmission control unit (TCU), or manually from either the shift knob or shift paddles mounted behind the steering wheel. AMTs combine the fuel efficiency of manual transmissions with

3350-582: The shifting ease of automatic transmissions. Their biggest disadvantage is poor shifting comfort due to the mechanical clutch being disengaged by the TCU, which is easily noticeable as "jolting". Some transmission makers have tried solving this issue by using oversized synchronizer rings and not fully opening the clutch during shifting—which works in theory, but as of 2007, there have not been any series production cars with such functions. In passenger cars, modern AMTs generally have six speeds (though some have seven) and

3417-580: The vehicle from stalling when coming to a standstill or at idle . A typical semi-automatic transmission design may work by using Hall effect sensors or micro switches to detect the direction of the requested shift when the gear stick is used. These sensors' output, combined with the output from a sensor connected to the gearbox which measures its current speed and gear, is fed into a transmission control unit , electronic control unit , engine control unit , or microprocessor , or another type of electronic control system. This control system then determines

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3484-402: The windshield was widened, deepened, and angled more steeply. Parking lights were separate and set atop the fenders for greater visibility. Headlight bezels were redesigned. In all closed Mercurys the rear-quarter windows opened out. Front vent wings were now crank-operated, and in closed cars the ventilation wing support bars rolled down with the windows. The 4-door convertible , offered in 1940,

3551-465: Was a two-speed manual transmission with an integral underdrive unit, a traditional manual clutch, and a fluid coupling between the engine and the clutch. The two-speed transmission had "high" and "low" ranges, and the clutch was used when the driver wanted to switch between ranges. For normal driving, the driver would press the clutch, select the High range, and then release the clutch. Once the accelerator

3618-517: Was also new trunk trim. More chrome was used on the interior and the dash dial faces were redesigned. The convertible and station wagon came with leather upholstery. The other body styles used fabric. The wood paneled Sportsman convertible was gone. 86,363 Mercury Eights were sold. For all practical purposes the 1948 Mercury Eights were identical to the 1947s. The major changes consisted of different dial faces and no steering column lock. 50,268 Mercury Eights were sold. A unique coupe utility variant of

3685-425: Was available for less than $ 60. Compared to fully automatic transmissions of the time, the E-Stick offered the fuel economy of a stick-shift, with vacuum and electric switches controlling the clutch. The E-Stick three-speed transmission was offered on the larger Rambler Classic models, along with an overdrive unit. The system was only available with 6-cylinder engines, and the lack of a clutch proved unpopular, so it

3752-461: Was controlled by the position of the accelerator. The Automotive Products manumatic system, available on the 1953 Ford Anglia 100E , was a vacuum-powered automatic clutch system that was actuated by a switch that was triggered whenever the gear stick was moved. The system could control the throttle cable (to keep the engine at the required RPM for the gear change) and vary the rate of clutch engagement. The successive Newtondrive system, available on

3819-526: Was discontinued after 1964. The 1967 Volkswagen WSK ( Wandlerschaltkupplungsgetriebe ; English: Torque converter shift/clutch gearbox ), used in the Beetle , Type 3 and Karmann Ghia , was one of the first gearboxes of its kind, with an automatic mechanical clutch and a torque converter. It was also known as the Autostick . Shifting was done manually by the driver. The automatic mechanical clutch allowed

3886-511: Was eliminated. The most distinctive new Mercury was the Sportsman convertible. It featured wood body panels. Only 205 examples of it were produced and it was discontinued the following model year. Mercury Eight sales totaled 86,603. Styling changes were slight in 1947. The Mercury name was placed on the side of the hood. Different hubcaps were used. The border around the grille was chrome plated. The "Eight" script still ran down its center. There

3953-429: Was gone but an "8" appeared at the top of the grille center. Horsepower was increased to 100. Mercury's biggest engineering news for 1942 was "Liquamatic", Ford's first semiautomatic transmission . It wasn't much of a success and Mercury wouldn't have another automatic transmission until Merc-O-Matic appeared in 1951, which was a true automatic. Mercury production for the short 1942 model year totaled only 1,902. Output

4020-480: Was gone, but a station wagon was added. The woodie wagon's body behind the engine cowl was identical to Ford's, and produced at the company's Iron Mountain plant in Michigan 's Upper Peninsula . The "Eight" script was moved to the rear of the hood. 90,556 Mercury Eights were sold in the 1941 model year. In 1942 the Mercury Eight's slender bullet parking lights were replaced with rectangular units placed high on

4087-485: Was halted in February 1942 as American auto plants were converted to the exclusive production of war material. Although Mercury's prewar history was short, the Mercury Eight had already earned for itself the image of being a fine performer in mph as well as mpg, this "hot car" image quite in keeping with its name, chosen by Edsel Ford , that of the fleet-footed messenger of the gods of Roman mythology . The Mercury Eight

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4154-486: Was in automobiles, increasing in popularity in the mid-1930s when they were offered by several American car manufacturers. Less common than traditional hydraulic automatic transmissions, semi-automatic transmissions have nonetheless been made available on various car and motorcycle models and have remained in production throughout the 21st century. Semi-automatic transmissions with paddle shift operation have been used in various racing cars , and were first introduced to control

4221-490: Was independent with stabilizer bars. For 1952, as Mercury redesigned its model line, the Monterey was established as a stand-alone nameplate, with Mercury renaming the Eight as the Mercury Custom. Within its era and beyond, the third-generation Mercury Eight was popular with customizers. In 1949, Sam Barris built the first lead sled from a 1949 Mercury Eight; the Eight became the definitive " lead sled ", much as

4288-435: Was introduced in 1994 that ensured that gear changes only occurred when instructed by the driver. Pre-programmed, computer-controlled, fully-automatic upshifts and downshifts were re-introduced and allowed from 2001 , and were permitted from that year's Spanish Grand Prix , but were banned again in 2004 . Buttons on the steering wheel to shift directly to a particular gear (instead of having to shift sequentially using

4355-512: Was made possible by the introduction of electronic throttle control soon after, which made it possible for the car to automatically rev-match during downshifts. By 1993, most teams were using semi-automatic transmissions. The last F1 car fitted with a conventional manual gearbox, the Forti FG01 , raced in 1995. Following concerns about the potential for Formula One cars to shift gears automatically without any driver input, mandatory software

4422-404: Was pressed, the fluid coupling would engage and the car would begin moving forward, with the underdrive unit engaged to provide a lower gear ratio. At between 15–20 mph (24–32 km/h), the driver would lift off the accelerator and the underdrive unit would disengage. The Vacamatic was replaced by a similar M6 Presto-Matic transmission for the 1946 model year. Similar designs were used for

4489-469: Was strongly identified as an upmarket Ford during this period. In 1945 the Lincoln-Mercury division would be established to change that. A new grille was the most noticeable difference between the 1942 and 1946 Mercurys. It had thin vertical bars surrounded by a trim piece painted the same color as the car. An "Eight" script now appeared down its center. The Liquimatic automatic transmission option

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