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21-410: Throughout May 1831 the coal miners and others, who worked for William Crawshay , took to the streets of Merthyr Tydfil, calling for reform, protesting against the lowering of their wages and general unemployment. Gradually the protest spread to nearby industrial towns and villages and by the end of May the whole area was in rebellion, and it is believed that for the first time the red flag of revolution

42-659: A design by Horace Jones who much later also designed London 's Tower Bridge . His son, Robert Thompson Crawshay , carried on the South Wales business. Cardiff Market Cardiff Market ( Welsh : Marchnad Caerdydd ), also known as Cardiff Central Market ( Welsh : Marchnad Ganolog Caerdydd ) and as the Market Building , is a Victorian indoor market in the Castle Quarter of Cardiff city centre , capital city of Wales . Originally

63-611: A meeting with the High Sheriff of Glamorgan at the Castle Inn, a group led by Lewis Lewis (known as Lewsyn yr Heliwr , 'Lewis the hunter') marched there to demand a reduction in the price of bread and an increase in their wages. The demands were rejected, and after being advised to return to their homes, attacked the inn. Engaged by the Sutherland Highlanders, after the rioters seized some of their weapons,

84-645: A petition to the House of Commons calling for Dic Penderyn to be posthumously pardoned, stating that there was "strong feeling in Wales that Richard Lewis - Dic Penderyn - was wrongly executed." Since 2013, a music festival named after the rising has been held annually in Merthyr to promote working class culture and social justice in arts. Meic Stevens ' song "Dic Penderyn" on his 1972 album Gwymon celebrates Richard Lewis. Radical singer-songwriter David Rovics included

105-732: A song about the Merthyr Rising, entitled "Cheese and Bread", in the 2018 album Ballad of a Wobbly . The musical "My Land's Shore" by Robert Gould and Christopher J Orton centres on the riots. It was performed at the Bloomsbury Theatre by the University College London Musical Theatre society in February 2022. In 2015, stylist Charlotte James and photographer Tom Johnson published a series titled Merthyr Rising, showcasing residents of

126-509: Is Ashton's the fishmongers , who claim to have traded in the market since 1866 at the Trinity Street entrance selling a wide range of fresh seafood . In 2012 they hit the headlines when they sold meat from a 20 foot long 550 lb thresher shark . Another longstanding trader is The Market Deli, a small, family-run business trading for over 100 years, located at the same stall since 1928. £6.5 million will be spent on renovating

147-467: The Castle Hotel, and the protesters effectively controlled Merthyr. For eight days, Penydarren House was the sole refuge of authority. With armed insurrection fully in place in the town by 4 June, the rioters had commandeered arms and explosives, set up road-blocks, formed guerrilla detachments, and had banners capped with a symbolic loaf and dyed in blood. Those who had military experience had taken

168-459: The Grey ministry was determined that at least one rebel should die as an example of what happened to rebels. The people of Merthyr Tydfil were convinced that Richard Lewis (Dic Penderyn) was not responsible for the stabbing, and 11,000 signed a petition demanding his release. The government refused, and Richard Lewis was hanged at Cardiff Market on August 13, 1831. In 1874, a Congregational minister,

189-490: The Rev. Evan Evans , said that a man called Ianto Parker had given him a death-bed confession, saying that he had stabbed Donald Black and then fled to America fearing capture by the authorities. James Abbott, a hairdresser from Merthyr Tydfil who had testified at Penderyn's trial, later said that he had lied under oath, claiming that he had been instructed to do so by Lord Melbourne . In 2015, Welsh Labour MP Ann Clwyd presented

210-531: The lead in drilling the armed para-military formation, and created an effective central command and communication system. This allowed them to control the town and engage the formal military system, including: Having sent messengers, who had started strikes in Northern Monmouthshire , Neath and Swansea Valleys , the riots reached their peak. However, panic had spread to the family oriented and peaceful town folk, who had now started to flee what

231-471: The leg with a seized bayonet . Lewsyn yr Heliwr's sentence was downgraded to a life sentence and penal transportation to Australia when one of the police officers who had tried to disperse the crowd testified that he had tried to shield him from the rioters. He was transported aboard the vessel John in 1832 and died 6 September 1847 in Port Macquarie , New South Wales. Following this reprieve,

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252-595: The market exterior walls on the interior. Entrances to the market are located at St. Mary Street, Trinity Street and from an alleyway off Church Street. A large H. Samuel clock has hung above the High Street entrance since 1910. The current clock dates from 1963 (by Smith of Derby ) and was restored at a cost of £25,000 in 2011. Since 1975 the building has been listed and is currently Grade II*. The market has 61 independent businesses, including greengrocers, clothing, music, and hardware stalls. A trader of note

273-519: The market in 2024. Work is expected to start in the summer of 2024, but the market will remain open throughout the renovation works. Stallholders will be temporarily moved to units in The Hayes , directly outside the market, for up to 12 weeks. As part of the development, there will be a dining area with 70 seats and the roof and original windows of the Victorian building will be restored. Both

294-478: The men on shift there to stop working and join their protest. In the meantime, the Grey ministry had ordered in the army, with contingents of the 93rd (Sutherland Highlanders) Regiment of Foot dispatched to Merthyr Tydfil to restore order. Since the crowd was now too large to be dispersed, the soldiers were ordered to protect essential buildings and people. On 2 June, while local employers and magistrates were holding

315-487: The protesters killed. Twenty-six people were arrested and put on trial for taking part in the revolt. Several were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, others sentenced to penal transportation to Australia, and two were sentenced to death by hanging – Lewis Lewis ( Lewsyn yr Heliwr ) for Robbery and Richard Lewis ( Dic Penderyn ) for stabbing a soldier (Private Donald Black of the Highland Regiment) in

336-547: The site of Cardiff gaol, the gallows were located on the site of the current St. Mary Street entrance, where Dic Penderyn was hanged on 13 August 1831. The market was designed by the Borough Surveyor, William Harpur , and opened in May 1891. A farmers' market is known to have existed at the site since the 18th century. The market consists of two shopping levels, a ground floor and a balcony level which wraps around

357-484: The town. The 2022 poetry anthology Gwrthryfel / Uprising contained two poems about Dic Penderyn and the Merthyr Rising. William Crawshay II William Crawshay II (27 March 1788 – 4 August 1867) was the son of William Crawshay I , the owner of Cyfarthfa Ironworks in Merthyr Tydfil , Wales . William Crawshay II became an ironmaster when he took over the business from his father. He

378-488: The troops were commanded to open fire. After a protracted struggle in which hundreds sustained injury, some fatal, the Highlanders were compelled to withdraw to Penydarren House , and abandon the town to the rioters. Some 7,000 to 10,000 workers marched under a red flag , which was later adopted internationally as the symbol of communists and socialists. For four days, magistrates and ironmasters were under siege in

399-482: Was an out-of-control town. With the rioters arranging a mass meeting for Sunday 6th, the government representatives in Penydarren House managed to split the rioters' council. When 450 troops marched to the mass meeting at Waun above Dowlais with levelled weapons, the meeting dispersed and the riots were effectively over. By 7 June the authorities had regained control of the town through force with up to 24 of

420-407: Was flown as a symbol of workers' revolt. After storming Merthyr town, the rebels sacked the local debtors' court and the goods that had been collected. Account books containing debtors' details were also destroyed. Among the shouts were cries of caws a bara ('cheese and bread') and i lawr â'r Brenin ('down with the king'). On 1 June 1831, the protesters marched to local mines and persuaded

441-537: Was known as the 'Iron King'. He was considered a hard master by some, and his employees took part in the protests that led to the Merthyr Rising of 1831. He was responsible for the building of Cyfarthfa Castle (now a museum) in the 1820s. In 1847, he retired to Caversham Park in Oxfordshire (now Berkshire ), where he died 20 years later. After a fire in 1850, Caversham Park was rebuilt by Crawshay to

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