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34-526: The Messenian Senate was formed at Kalamata on 25 March ( O.S. ) 1821. During its inaugural session, it elected Petrobey Mavromichalis as its president. Three days later the Senate issued a Manifesto Addressed to Europe , “the first formal briefing (“warning”, as the manifesto was characterised by its writers) of the European governments and European public opinion about the declaration of war to Turkey by

68-528: A certain Sgouromalles. In 1298, the town formed the dowry of Princess Matilda of Hainaut upon her marriage to Guy II de la Roche . Matilda retained Kalamata as her fief until 1322, when she was dispossessed and the territory reverted to the princely domain. In 1358, Prince Robert gifted the châtellenie of Kalamata (comprising also Port-de-Jonc and Mani ) to his wife, Marie de Bourbon , who kept it until her death in 1377. The town remained one of

102-575: A deliverance which we have sworn to accomplish, or else to perish. We invoke therefore the aid of all civilized nations of Europe, that we may the more promptly attain to the goal of a just and sacred enterprise, reconquer our rights, and regenerate our unfortunate people. Greece, our mother, was the lamp that illuminated you; on this ground she reckons on your philanthropy. Arms, money, and counsel, are what she expects from you. We promise you her lively gratitude, which she will prove by deeds in more prosperous times. (Signed) PETROS MAVROMICHALIS Given at

136-517: A hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa ) with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Kalamata receives plenty of precipitation during the winter, while summers are hot and generally dry with plenty of sunshine. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded in Kalamata is 45.0 °C or 113.0 °F on 24 June 2007 and the lowest minimum ever recorded is −5 °C or 23 °F on 14 February 2004. A reading of 45.1 °C (113.2 °F)

170-578: A modern provincial capital and has returned to growth in recent years. Today, Kalamata has the second largest population and mercantile activity in Peloponnese. It makes important exports, particularly of local products such as raisins, olives and olive oil. It is also the seat of the Metropolitan Bishop of Messenia . The current Metropolitan Bishop is Chrysostomus III of Kalamata , since 15 March 2007. Maria Callas Alumni Association of

204-450: Is a corruption of the older name Καλάμαι , Kalámai , ' reeds '. The municipality Kalamata was formed as part of the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following four former municipalities, each of which subsequently became municipal units: The municipality has an area of 440 km (170 sq mi), the area of the municipal unit is 253 km (98 sq mi). The municipal unit of Kalamata

238-400: Is plunged into oblivion as a fruit of oppression, and we breathe the air of liberty. Our bands having burst their fetters, already signalize themselves against the barbarians. We no longer run about day and night to execute corvées imposed by a merciless taskmaster. Our mouths are opened; heretofore silent, or employed only in addressing useless supplications to our tormentors, they now celebrate

272-490: Is subdivided into the following communities (population according to the 2021 census, settlements within the community listed): Municipal Unit: Local communities: The province of Kalamata ( Greek : Επαρχία Καλαμών ) was one of the provinces of the Messenia Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipalities Kalamata and West Mani . It was abolished in 2006. Kalamata occupies

306-674: The Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE). There is a station and a small freight yard in the city, as well as a rolling stock maintenance depot to the north. There used to be a mainline train service to Kyparissia, Pyrgos and Patras, and a suburban service to Messini and the General Hospital. However, in December 2010, all train services from Kalamata, along with those in the rest of the Peloponnese south of Corinth, were discontinued on economic grounds, and

340-622: The Ypapanti (27 January through 9 February) is of national importance for the Greek Orthodox Church and, locally, the occasion for a holiday (2 February), when the litany of what is believed to be a miraculous icon, first introduced in 1889, takes place. In late January 2010, the city hosted the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the cathedral. He was offered

374-674: The " Kingdom of the Morea " ( Italian : Regno di Morea ). During the Venetian occupation the city was developed and thrived economically. However, the Ottomans reoccupied Kalamata in the war of 1715 and controlled it until the Greek War of Independence . Kalamata was the first city to be liberated as the Greeks rose in the Greek War of Independence . On 23 March 1821, it was taken over by

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408-518: The Greek revolutionary forces under the command of generals Theodoros Kolokotronis , Petros Mavromichalis and Papaflessas . However, in 1825, the invading Ottoman officer Ibrahim Pasha destroyed the city. In independent Greece, Kalamata was rebuilt and became one of the most important ports in the Mediterranean Sea . It is not surprising that the second-oldest Chamber of Commerce in

442-761: The Greeks” . In the following months, the Manifesto (probably written by Adamantios Korais ) was delivered to the European consulates in Patras and appeared in Italian, French, English, German and American newspapers. The Messenian Senate was dissolved after the formation of the Peloponnesian Senate . The text of the Manifesto : Manifesto addressed to Europe by Petros Mavromichalis, Commander-In-Chief of

476-498: The Mediterranean, after that of Marseille , exists in Kalamata. In 1934, a large strike of harbor workers occurred in Kalamata. The strike was violently suppressed by the government, resulting in the death of five workers and two other residents of the town. During World War II on 29 April 1941, a battle was fought near the port between the invading German forces and the 2nd New Zealand Division , for which Jack Hinton

510-731: The Municipal Gallery, the Archaeological Museum of Messenia and the Folk Art Museum. Kalamata's cathedral of the Ypapanti (Presentation of the Lord to the Temple) nestles beneath the 14th-century Frankish castle. The foundation stone was laid on 25 January 1860, and the building was consecrated on 19 August 1873. It suffered great damage during the 1986 earthquake, but was subsequently restored. The Festival of

544-759: The Music School of Kalamata / "Maria Callas Museum" There are numerous historical and cultural sights in Kalamata, such as the Villehardouin castle, the Ypapanti Byzantine church, the Kalograion monastery with its silk-weaving workshop where the Kalamata scarves are made, and the municipal railway park. The Church of the Holy Apostles is where Mavromichalis declared the revolt against Ottoman rule in 1821. Art collections are housed at

578-625: The Spartan Troops, and the Messenian Senate, sitting at Kalamata. The insupportable yoke of Ottoman tyranny hath weighed down for above a century the unhappy Greeks of the Peloponnesus. So excessive had its rigour become, that its fainting victims had scarcely strength enough to utter groans. In this state, deprived of all our rights, we have unanimously resolved to take up arms against our tyrants. All our intestine discord

612-570: The entire lower town as well in the name of the Byzantine emperor, Andronikos II Palaiologos . Constable John Chauderon in vain tried to secure their surrender, and was sent to Constantinople, where Andronikos agreed to hand the town over, but then immediately ordered his governor in Mystras not to do so. In the event, the town was recovered by the Franks through the intercession of a local Greek,

646-657: The fertile Messenian plain, the town experienced a period of prosperity in the 11th–12th centuries, as attested by the five surviving churches built in this period, including the Church of the Holy Apostles, as well as the comments of the Arab geographer al-Idrisi , who calls it a "large and populous" town. Following the Fourth Crusade , Kalamata was conquered by Frankish feudal lords William of Champlitte and Geoffrey of Villehardouin in 1205, when its Byzantine fortress

680-476: The golden key of the city. The region around Kalamata has provided two Ecumenical patriarchs in the past. Kalamata's Chamber of Commerce is the second-oldest in the Mediterranean after Marseille . Kalamata is well known for its black Kalamata olives . Karelia Tobacco Company has been in operation in Kalamata since 1888. According to the meteorological station in the nearby airport , Kalamata has

714-476: The hands of his widow, Anna Komnene Doukaina , but when she remarried to Nicholas II of Saint Omer , King Charles of Anjou was loath to see this important castle in the hands of a vassal, and in 1282 Anna exchanged it with lands elsewhere in Messenia. In 1292 or 1293, two local Melingoi Slavic captains managed to capture the castle of Kalamata by a ruse and, aided by 600 of their fellow villagers, took over

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748-645: The head of the Messenian Gulf . The 2021 census recorded 72,906 inhabitants for the wider Kalamata Municipality, of which 66,135 resided in the municipal unit of Kalamata, and 58,816 in the city proper. Kalamata is renowned as the land of the Kalamatianos dance, Kalamata olives and Kalamata olive oil. The modern name Kalamáta likely comes from Παναγία η Καλαμάτα , Panagía i Kalamáta , 'Virgin Mary with beautiful eyes'; another hypothesis

782-572: The head-quarters of Kalamata, March 28/April 9, 1821. Kalamata Kalamata ( Greek : Καλαμάτα [kalaˈmata] ) is the second most populous city of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece after Patras , and the largest city of the homonymous administrative region . As the capital and chief port of the Messenia regional unit, it lies along the Nedon River at

816-467: The higher national divisions in Greek football. It also hosts one of the oldest Greek club, the club Messiniakos FC founded in 1888. Kalamata is twinned with: Calamae Calamae or Kalamai ( Ancient Greek : Καλάμαι ) was a village of ancient Messenia , near Limnae , and at no great distance from the frontiers of Laconia . Its site is located near the modern Εlaiochori . [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

850-641: The largest in the Morea—a 1391 document places it, with 300 hearths, on par with Glarentza —but it nevertheless declined in importance throughout the 14th and 15th centuries in favour of other nearby sites like Androusa . Kalamata remained in Frankish hands until near the end of the Principality of Achaea, coming under the control of the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea only in 1428. Kalamata

884-501: The site of an ancient city, the identity of which has been disputed. The name clearly refers to ancient Calamae , but it has been established in the 20th century that the actual site is that of ancient Pharae , a city already mentioned by Homer . It was long believed that the area that the city presently occupies was covered by the sea during ancient times, but the proto-Greek and Archaic-period remains (Temple of Poseidon) that were unearthed at Akovitika region prove otherwise. Pharae

918-420: The summer months, charter and scheduled flights fly direct to Kalamata International Airport from some European cities. A scheduled service by Aegean Airlines once a day linking Kalamata and Athens International Airport commenced in 2010. Kalamata also has four urban bus lines that cross the city and its suburbs. Local specialities: Kalamata hosts a lot of notable sport clubs with earlier presence in

952-533: The town. The town and its castle were plundered and destroyed, and alle able-bodied men were carried off to serve as rowers in the Venetian galleys. Morosini returned in 1685, at the start of the Morean War : on 14 September 1685 the Venetians defeated an Ottoman army before Kalamata, and again plundered and destroyed the town's castle, as it was judged obsolete. Kalamata was then ruled by Venice as part of

986-462: The train station is now closed. A previously disused extension line to the port is now a Railway Park , with old steam engines on display, and a café in the old station building. There is a bus link, operated by the KTEL company, to Tripoli , Corinth , and Athens , with frequent services. Ferries are available to places such as the Greek islands of Kythira and Crete in the summer months. Also in

1020-531: Was apparently in so bad a state that it could not be defended against them. Thus, the town became part of the Principality of Achaea , and after Champlitte granted its possession to Geoffrey of Villehardouin, the town was the center of the Villehardouins' patrimony in the Principality. Prince William II of Villehardouin was born and died there. After William II's death in 1278, Kalamata remained in

1054-522: Was later awarded the Victoria Cross . Kalamata was liberated on 9 September 1944, after a battle between ELAS and the local Nazi collaborators . Kalamata was again in the news on 13 September 1986, when it was hit by an earthquake that measured 6.2 on the surface wave magnitude scale. It was described as "moderately strong" but caused heavy damage throughout the city, killed 20 people and injured 330 others. Kalamata has developed into

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1088-504: Was occupied by the Ottomans in 1481. In 1659, during the long war between Ottomans and Venetians over Crete , the Venetian commander Francesco Morosini , captured Kalamata in an effort to divert Ottoman attention from the Siege of Candia , and raise a wider revolt with the Maniots and Arvanites of the Morea. The Venetian fleet took Kalamata without effort, as the Ottomans abandoned

1122-470: Was rather unimportant in antiquity, and the site continued in obscurity until middle Byzantine times. Kalamata is first mentioned in the 10th-century Life of St. Nikon the Metanoeite with its modern name. Medieval Kalamata was not a port, as the local coast offered no shelter to ships from the weather, but lay further inland, at the foot of the western outliers of Mount Taygetos . As the capital of

1156-528: Was reported in the city station which is operated by the National Observatory of Athens on 23 July 2023. Kalamata is accessed by GR-7 / E55 / E65 in the west, and GR-82 runs through Kalamata and into the Taygetus . The motorway to Kalamata from Tripoli is complete. Kalamata is served by a metre gauge railway line of the former Piraeus, Athens and Peloponnese Railways , now owned by

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