Misplaced Pages

#265734

100-674: In human genetics , the Mitochondrial Eve (more technically known as the Mitochondrial-Most Recent Common Ancestor , shortened to mt-Eve or mt-MRCA ) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living humans. In other words, she is defined as the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman. In terms of mitochondrial haplogroups ,

200-411: A haplogroup (e.g. CRS belongs to haplogroup H ), and large branches containing several haplogroups are called "macro-haplogroups". The mitochondrial clade which Mitochondrial Eve defines is the species Homo sapiens sapiens itself, or at least the current population or " chronospecies " as it exists today. In principle, earlier Eves can also be defined going beyond the species, for example one who

300-427: A ǃKung respectively, were available. After more than 40 revisions of the draft, the manuscript was submitted to Nature in late 1985 or early 1986 and published on 1 January 1987. The published conclusion was that all current human mtDNA originated from a single population from Africa, at the time dated to between 140,000 and 200,000 years ago. The dating for "Eve" was a blow to the multiregional hypothesis , which

400-404: A "mitochondrial Eve" was even greeted with endorsement from young earth creationists , who viewed the theory as a validation of the biblical creation story . Due to such misunderstandings, authors of popular science publications since the 1990s have been emphatic in pointing out that the name is merely a popular convention, and that the mt-MRCA was not in any way the "first woman". Her position

500-489: A 2015 column in the New York Post , after returning to print publication, Newsweek was selling c. 100,000 copies per month, with staff at that time numbering "about 60 editorial staffers", up from a low of "less than 30 editorial staffers" in 2013, but with plans then to grow the number to "close to 100 in the next year". In 1970, Eleanor Holmes Norton represented sixty female employees of Newsweek who had filed

600-566: A claim with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that Newsweek had a policy of allowing only men to be reporters. The women won, and Newsweek agreed to allow women to be reporters. The day the claim was filed, Newsweek 's cover article was "Women in Revolt", covering the feminist movement; the article was written by Helen Dudar, a freelancer, in the belief that there were no female writers at

700-448: A cover story in Time on 26 January 1987. Shortly after the 1987 publication, criticism of its methodology and secondary conclusions was published. Both the dating of mt-Eve and the relevance of the age of the purely matrilineal descent for population replacement were subjects of controversy during the 1990s; Alan Templeton (1997) asserted that the study did "not support the hypothesis of

800-675: A faceless female in spiky red heels, having her dress lifted up by a cursor arrow", and its content, described as "a 5,000-word article on the creepy, sexist culture of the tech industry". Among those offended by the cover were Today Show co-host Tamron Hall , who commented "I think it's obscene and just despicable, honestly." Newsweek editor-in-chief James Impoco explained "We came up with an image that we felt represented what that story said about Silicon Valley. ... If people get angry, they should be angry." The article's author, Nina Burleigh , asked, "Where were all these offended people when women like Heidi Roizen published accounts of having

900-553: A mitochondrial "DNA signature" or " haplotype " (e.g. the CRS is a haplotype). Each marker is a DNA base-pair that has resulted from an SNP mutation . Scientists sort mitochondrial DNA results into more or less related groups, with more or less recent common ancestors. This leads to the construction of a DNA family tree where the branches are in biological terms clades , and the common ancestors such as Mitochondrial Eve sit at branching points in this tree. Major branches are said to define

1000-408: A more affluent subscriber base for its advertisers. During this period, the magazine also laid off staff. While advertising revenues were down almost 50% compared to the prior year, expenses were also diminished, whereby the publishers hoped Newsweek would return to profitability. The financial results for 2009 as reported by The Washington Post Company showed that advertising revenue for Newsweek

1100-439: A new focus on longer fashion and pop culture features. A larger culture section named "Omnivore" featured art, music, books, film, theater, food, travel, and television, including a weekly "Books" and "Want" section. The back page was reserved for a "My Favorite Mistake" column written by celebrity guest columnists about a mistake they made that helped shape who they are. On July 25, 2012, the company operating Newsweek indicated

SECTION 10

#1732765895266

1200-535: A photo of Palin used in the August 2009 issue of Runner's World . The photographer may have breached his contract with Runner's World when he permitted its use in Newsweek , as Runner's World maintained certain rights to the photo until August 2010. It is uncertain, however, whether this particular use of the photo was prohibited. Minnesota Republican Congresswoman and presidential candidate Michele Bachmann

1300-477: A process known as X inactivation . X inactivation is when one of the two X chromosomes in females is almost completely inactivated. It is important that this process occurs otherwise a woman would produce twice the amount of normal X chromosome proteins. The mechanism for X inactivation will occur during the embryonic stage. For people with disorders like trisomy X , where the genotype has three X chromosomes, X-inactivation will inactivate all X chromosomes until there

1400-425: A recent African origin for all of humanity following a split between Africans and non-Africans 100,000 years ago" and also did "not support the hypothesis of a recent global replacement of humans coming out of Africa." The placement by Cann, Stoneking & Wilson (1987) of a relatively small population of humans in sub-Saharan Africa was consistent with the hypothesis of Cann (1982) and lent considerable support for

1500-405: A recessive disease or trait can remain hidden for several generations before displaying the phenotype. Examples of autosomal recessive disorders are albinism , cystic fibrosis . X-linked genes are found on the sex X chromosome. X-linked genes just like autosomal genes have both dominant and recessive types. Recessive X-linked disorders are rarely seen in females and usually only affect males. This

1600-739: A report for President George W. Bush and his cabinet outlining a strategy for dealing with Afghanistan and the Middle East in the aftermath of September 11, 2001 . The meeting was held at the request of Paul D. Wolfowitz , then the Deputy Secretary of Defense . The unusual presence of journalists, who also included Robert D. Kaplan of The Atlantic Monthly , at such a strategy meeting was revealed in Bob Woodward 's 2006 book State of Denial: Bush at War, Part III . Woodward reported in his book that, according to Kaplan, everyone at

1700-696: A secret meeting in November 2001 called by Paul D. Wolfowitz, then Deputy Secretary of Defense, incorrectly referenced Fareed Zakaria, editor of Newsweek International and a Newsweek columnist, regarding his participation. Mr. Zakaria was not told that the meeting would produce a report for the Bush administration, nor did his name appear on the report. The cover story of the January 15, 2015, issue, titled "What Silicon Valley Thinks of Women" caused controversy, due to both its illustration, described as "the cartoon of

1800-426: A single gene on an autosome (non-sex chromosome)—they are called " dominant " because a single copy—inherited from either parent—is enough to cause this trait to appear. This often means that one of the parents must also have the same trait, unless it has arisen due to an unlikely new mutation. Examples of autosomal dominant traits and disorders are Huntington's disease and achondroplasia . Autosomal recessive traits

1900-521: A single, well-documented family (the Romanov family of Russian royalty). In this study, they calculated a mutation rate upwards of twenty times higher than previous results. Although the original research did have analytical limitations, the estimate on the age of the mt-MRCA has proven robust. More recent age estimates have remained consistent with the 140–200 kya estimate published in 1987: A 2013 estimate dated Mitochondrial Eve to about 160 kya (within

2000-568: A story claiming that the First Lady of Poland refused to shake U.S. President Donald Trump 's hand; fact-checking website Snopes described the assertion as "false". Newsweek corrected its story. In 2018, Newsweek ran a story asserting that President Trump had wrongly colored the American flag while visiting a classroom; Snopes was unable to corroborate the photographic evidence. In August 2018, Newsweek incorrectly reported that

2100-553: A study that discovered 2 in 3 women who were 40 and single in 1986 had married since. The story caused a "wave of anxiety" and some "skepticism" amongst professional and highly educated women in the United States. The article was cited several times in the 1993 Hollywood film Sleepless in Seattle starring Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan . Comparisons have been made with this article and the current rising issues surrounding

SECTION 20

#1732765895266

2200-411: A trait. Inbreeding , or mating between closely related organisms, can clearly be seen on pedigree charts. Pedigree charts of royal families often have a high degree of inbreeding, because it was customary and preferable for royalty to marry another member of royalty. Genetic counselors commonly use pedigrees to help couples determine if the parents will be able to produce healthy children. A karyotype

2300-422: A unique mechanism of dosage compensation . In particular, by way of the process called X-chromosome inactivation (XCI), female mammals transcriptionally silence one of their two Xs in a complex and highly coordinated manner. Genetic Chromosomal Newsweek Newsweek is an American weekly news magazine . Founded as a weekly print magazine in 1933, Newsweek was widely distributed during

2400-420: Is a very useful tool in cytogenetics. A karyotype is picture of all the chromosomes in the metaphase stage arranged according to length and centromere position. A karyotype can also be useful in clinical genetics, due to its ability to diagnose genetic disorders. On a normal karyotype, aneuploidy can be detected by clearly being able to observe any missing or extra chromosomes. Giemsa banding, g-banding , of

2500-487: Is ancestral to both modern humanity and Neanderthals , or, further back, an "Eve" ancestral to all members of genus Homo and chimpanzees in genus Pan . According to current nomenclature, Mitochondrial Eve's haplogroup was within mitochondrial haplogroup L because this macro-haplogroup contains all surviving human mitochondrial lineages today, and she must predate the emergence of L0 . The variation of mitochondrial DNA between different people can be used to estimate

2600-441: Is because males inherit their X chromosome and all X-linked genes will be inherited from the maternal side. Fathers only pass on their Y chromosome to their sons, so no X-linked traits will be inherited from father to son. Men cannot be carriers for recessive X linked traits, as they only have one X chromosome, so any X linked trait inherited from the mother will show up. Females express X-linked disorders when they are homozygous for

2700-414: Is determined by two criteria: first and most obviously, the time back to her, but second and less obviously by the varying rates at which new branches have come into existence and old branches have become extinct. By looking at the number of mutations which have been accumulated in different branches of this family tree, and looking at which geographical regions have the widest range of least related branches,

2800-428: Is in contrast to the inheritance of traits on autosomal chromosomes, where both sexes have the same probability of inheritance. Since humans have many more genes on the X than the Y , there are many more X-linked traits than Y-linked traits. However, females carry two or more copies of the X chromosome, resulting in a potentially toxic dose of X-linked genes . To correct this imbalance, mammalian females have evolved

2900-579: Is located on the Y chromosome, determines the maleness of individuals. Besides the maleness inherited in the Y-chromosome there are no other found Y-linked characteristics. A pedigree is a diagram showing the ancestral relationships and transmission of genetic traits over several generations in a family. Square symbols are almost always used to represent males, whilst circles are used for females. Pedigrees are used to help detect many different genetic diseases. A pedigree can also be used to help determine

3000-411: Is one pattern of inheritance for a trait, disease, or disorder to be passed on through families. For a recessive trait or disease to be displayed two copies of the trait or disorder needs to be presented. The trait or gene will be located on a non-sex chromosome. Because it takes two copies of a trait to display a trait, many people can unknowingly be carriers of a disease. From an evolutionary perspective,

3100-426: Is only one X chromosome active. Males with Klinefelter syndrome , who have an extra X chromosome, will also undergo X inactivation to have only one completely active X chromosome. Y-linked inheritance occurs when a gene, trait, or disorder is transferred through the Y chromosome. Since Y chromosomes can only be found in males, Y linked traits are only passed on from father to son. The testis determining factor , which

Mitochondrial Eve - Misplaced Pages Continue

3200-414: Is purely the result of genealogical history of human populations later, and as matrilineal lineages die out, the position of mt-MRCA keeps moving forward to younger individuals over time. In River Out of Eden (1995), Richard Dawkins discussed human ancestry in the context of a "river of genes", including an explanation of the concept of Mitochondrial Eve. The Seven Daughters of Eve (2002) presented

3300-494: The District Attorney of Manhattan indicted Etienne Uzac, the co-owner of IBT Media, on fraud charges. Under Newsweek ' s current co-owner and CEO Dev Pragad, it is profitable, growing 20–30% per year; between May 2019 and May 2022, its monthly unique visitors rose from about 30 million to 48 million according to Comscore . Since Pragad became CEO in 2016, readership has grown to 100 million readers per month,

3400-529: The Human Genome Project was able to sequence all the DNA in the human genome, and to discover that the human genome was composed of around 20,000 protein coding genes. Medical genetics is the branch of medicine that involves the diagnosis and management of hereditary disorders . Medical genetics is the application of genetics to medical care. It overlaps human genetics, for example, research on

3500-581: The Sweden Democrats , a far-right party, could win a majority in the 2018 Swedish parliamentary elections. Polls showed that the party was far away from winning a majority. By September 2018, Newsweek 's article was still up. In November 2022, during the Mahsa Amini protests in Iran, Newsweek incorrectly reported that Iran had ordered the execution of over 15,000 protesters. The claim

3600-417: The effective population size of ancient humans never dropped below tens of thousands. Other women living during Eve's time may have descendants alive today but not in a direct female line. The definition of Mitochondrial Eve is fixed, but the woman in prehistory who fits this definition can change. That is, not only can our knowledge of when and where Mitochondrial Eve lived change due to new discoveries, but

3700-401: The sex of an individual is determined by a pair of sex chromosomes ( gonosomes ). Females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), and are called the homogametic sex . Males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY), and are called the heterogametic sex . Sex linkage is the phenotypic expression of an allele related to the chromosomal sex of the individual. This mode of inheritance

3800-445: The "power houses" of a cell, have their own DNA. Mitochondria are inherited from one's mother, and their DNA is frequently used to trace maternal lines of descent (see mitochondrial Eve ). Mitochondrial DNA is only 16kb in length and encodes for 62 genes. The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans , most other mammals , some insects ( Drosophila ), and some plants ( Ginkgo ). In this system,

3900-480: The "recent out-of-Africa" scenario. In 1999, Krings et al. eliminated problems in molecular clocking postulated by Nei (1992) when it was found that the mtDNA sequence for the same region was substantially different from the MRCA relative to any human sequence. In 1997, Parsons et al. (1997) harvtxt error: no target: CITEREFParsonsMuniecSullivanAlliston-Greiner1997 ( help ) published a study of mtDNA mutation rates in

4000-425: The 20th century and had many notable editors-in-chief. It is currently co-owned by Dev Pragad , the president and CEO, and Johnathan Davis who sits on the board; they each own 50% of the company. In August 2010, revenue decline prompted The Washington Post Company to sell the publication to the audio pioneer Sidney Harman , for a purchase price of one dollar and an assumption of the magazine's liabilities. Later in

4100-494: The DNA located in mitochondria , different from the DNA in the nucleus of a cell) and Y-chromosome DNA are commonly used to trace ancestry in this manner. mtDNA is generally passed un-mixed from mothers to children of both sexes, along the maternal line, or matrilineally . Matrilineal descent goes back through mothers, to their mothers, until all female lineages converge. Branches are identified by one or more unique markers which give

Mitochondrial Eve - Misplaced Pages Continue

4200-493: The Mellon family to function journalistically on a national scale". The group of original owners invested around US$ 2.5   million (equivalent to $ 58.84   million in 2023). Other large stockholders prior to 1946 were public utilities investment banker Stanley Childs and Wall Street corporate lawyer Wilton Lloyd-Smith. Journalist Samuel T. Williamson served as the first editor-in-chief of News-Week . The first issue of

4300-512: The November 23, 2009 issue discussing Palin's book, Going Rogue: An American Life . "It's sexist as hell", wrote Lisa Richardson for the Los Angeles Times . Taylor Marsh of The Huffington Post called it "the worst case of pictorial sexism aimed at political character assassination ever done by a traditional media outlet". David Brody of CBN News stated: "This cover should be insulting to women politicians." The cover includes

4400-490: The acquisition included the Newsweek brand and its online publication, but did not include The Daily Beast . IBT Media, which also owns the International Business Times , rebranded itself as Newsweek Media Group, and in 2014, relaunched Newsweek in both print and digital form. In 2018, IBT Media split into two companies, Newsweek Publishing and IBT Media. The split was accomplished one day before

4500-401: The actual Mitochondrial Eve can change. The Mitochondrial Eve can change, when a mother-daughter line comes to an end. It follows from the definition of Mitochondrial Eve that she had at least two daughters who both have unbroken female lineages that have survived to the present day. In every generation mitochondrial lineages end – when a woman with unique mtDNA dies with no daughters. When

4600-475: The ancestry of modern human populations: Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups Human genetics Genes are the common factor of the qualities of most human-inherited traits. Study of human genetics can answer questions about human nature, can help understand diseases and the development of effective treatment and help us to understand the genetics of human life. This article describes only basic features of human genetics; for

4700-492: The causes and inheritance of genetic disorders would be considered within both human genetics and medical genetics, while the diagnosis, management, and counseling of individuals with genetic disorders would be considered part of medical genetics. Population genetics is the branch of evolutionary biology responsible for investigating processes that cause changes in allele and genotype frequencies in populations based upon Mendelian inheritance . Four different forces can influence

4800-437: The chairman of the board and its principal stockholder between 1937 and his death in 1959. In 1937 Malcolm Muir took over as president and editor-in-chief. He changed the name to Newsweek , emphasized interpretive stories, introduced signed columns, and launched international editions. The magazine was purchased by The Washington Post Company in 1961. Osborn Elliott was named editor of Newsweek in 1961 and became

4900-437: The chances for a parent to produce an offspring with a specific trait. Four different traits can be identified by pedigree chart analysis: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, x-linked, or y-linked. Partial penetrance can be shown and calculated from pedigrees. Penetrance is the percentage expressed frequency with which individuals of a given genotype manifest at least some degree of a specific mutant phenotype associated with

5000-416: The chromosomes to fluoresce a unique color. Genomics is the field of genetics concerned with structural and functional studies of the genome. A genome is all the DNA contained within an organism or a cell including nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. The human genome is the total collection of genes in a human being contained in the human chromosome, composed of over three billion nucleotides. In April 2003,

5100-544: The disorder and become carriers when they are heterozygous. X-linked dominant inheritance will show the same phenotype as a heterozygote and homozygote. Just like X-linked inheritance, there will be a lack of male-to-male inheritance, which makes it distinguishable from autosomal traits. One example of an X-linked trait is Coffin–Lowry syndrome , which is caused by a mutation in ribosomal protein gene. This mutation results in skeletal, craniofacial abnormalities, mental retardation, and short stature. X chromosomes in females undergo

SECTION 50

#1732765895266

5200-413: The editor-in-chief in 1969. In 1970, Eleanor Holmes Norton represented sixty female employees of Newsweek who had filed a claim with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that Newsweek had a policy of allowing only men to be reporters. The women won and Newsweek agreed to allow women to be reporters. The day the claim was filed, Newsweek 's cover article was "Women in Revolt", covering

5300-459: The feminist movement; the article was written by a woman who had been hired on a freelance basis since there were no female reporters at the magazine. Edward Kosner became editor from 1975 to 1979 after directing the magazine's extensive coverage of the Watergate scandal that led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon in 1974. Richard M. Smith became chairman in 1998, the year that

5400-399: The first estimate on the age of the mt-MRCA at 180,000 years ago in 1980. A statistical analysis published in 1982 was taken as evidence for recent African origin (a hypothesis which at the time was competing with Asian origin of H. sapiens ). By 1985, data from the mtDNA of 145 women of different populations, and of two cell lines , HeLa and GM 3043, derived from an African American and

5500-476: The frequencies: natural selection , mutation , gene flow (migration), and genetic drift . A population can be defined as a group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring. For human genetics the populations will consist only of the human species. The Hardy–Weinberg principle is a widely used principle to determine allelic and genotype frequencies. In addition to nuclear DNA , humans (like almost all eukaryotes ) have mitochondrial DNA . Mitochondria ,

5600-452: The genetics of disorders please see: medical genetics . For information on the genetics of DNA repair defects related to accelerated aging and/or increased risk of cancer please see: DNA repair-deficiency disorder . Inheritance of traits for humans are based upon Gregor Mendel 's model of inheritance. Mendel deduced that inheritance depends upon discrete units of inheritance, called factors or genes. Autosomal traits are associated with

5700-602: The highest in its 90-year history. Harvard Business School published a case study of the company in 2021. News-Week was launched in 1933 by Thomas J. C. Martyn , a former foreign-news editor for Time . He obtained financial backing from a group of U.S. stockholders "which included Ward Cheney , of the Cheney silk family, John Hay Whitney , and Paul Mellon , son of Andrew W. Mellon ". Paul Mellon's ownership in News-Week apparently represented "the first attempt of

5800-522: The identity of both matrilineal and patrilineal MRCAs is dependent on genealogical history ( pedigree collapse ), they need not have lived at the same time. As of 2015, estimates of the age of the Y-MRCA range around 200,000 to 300,000 years ago, roughly consistent with the emergence of anatomically modern humans. The name "Mitochondrial Eve" alludes to the biblical Eve , which has led to repeated misrepresentations or misconceptions in journalistic accounts on

5900-492: The increasing difficulty of maintaining a paper weekly magazine in the face of declining advertising and subscription revenues and increasing costs for print production and distribution. The online edition was renamed Newsweek Global . In April 2013, IAC chairman and founder Barry Diller said at the Milken Global Conference that he "wished he hadn't bought" Newsweek because his company had lost money on

6000-424: The inference that the people faced a death sentence. In October 2023, Newsweek incorrectly reported that a viral video of U.S. senator Tommy Tuberville falling down a flight of stairs while exiting an airplane had been recorded that month. The reporting by Newsweek drew comparisons to Tuberville's criticism of President Joe Biden similarly tripping on stairways. In reality, the video highlighted by Newsweek

6100-405: The karyotype can be used to detect deletions , insertions , duplications, inversions, and translocations . G-banding will stain the chromosomes with light and dark bands unique to each chromosome. A FISH, fluorescent in situ hybridization , can be used to observe deletions, insertions, and translocations. FISH uses fluorescent probes to bind to specific sequences of the chromosomes that will cause

SECTION 60

#1732765895266

6200-501: The last family in a distinct branch has no daughters. Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor for all modern humans. Whenever one of the two most ancient branch lines dies out (by producing only non-matrilinear descendants at that time), the MRCA will move to a more recent female ancestor, always the most recent mother to have more than one daughter with living maternal line descendants alive today. The number of mutations that can be found distinguishing modern people

6300-544: The leader of a Christian sect called "the Community". In February 2018, under IBT ownership, several Newsweek staff were fired and some resigned stating that management had tried to interfere in articles about the investigations. Fareed Zakaria , a Newsweek columnist and editor of Newsweek International , attended a secret meeting on November 29, 2001, with a dozen policy makers, Middle East experts and members of influential policy research organizations that produced

6400-954: The list; these are categorized instead as "Public Elite" High Schools. In 2008, there were 17 Public Elites. Smith resigned as board chairman in December 2007. During 2008–2009, Newsweek undertook a dramatic business restructuring. Citing difficulties in competing with online news sources to provide unique news in a weekly publication, the magazine refocused its content on opinion and commentary beginning with its May 24, 2009, issue. It shrank its subscriber rate base, from 3.1   million to 2.6   million in early 2008, to 1.9   million in July 2009 and then to 1.5   million in January 2010—a decline of 50% in one year. Jon Meacham , Editor-in-chief from 2006 to 2010, described his strategy as "counterintuitive" as it involved discouraging renewals and nearly doubling subscription prices as it sought

6500-414: The magazine and called the purchase a "mistake" and a " fool's errand ". On August 3, 2013, IBT Media acquired Newsweek from IAC on terms that were not disclosed; the acquisition included the Newsweek brand and its online publication, but did not include The Daily Beast . On March 7, 2014, IBT Media relaunched a print edition of Newsweek with a cover story on the alleged creator of Bitcoin that

6600-451: The magazine capable of handling the assignment. Those passed over included Elizabeth Peer , who had spent five years in Paris as a foreign correspondent. The 1986 cover of Newsweek featured an article that said "women who weren't married by 40 had a better chance of being killed by a terrorist than of finding a husband". Newsweek eventually apologized for the story and in 2010 launched

6700-584: The magazine inaugurated its "Best High Schools in America" list, a ranking of public secondary schools based on the Challenge Index , which measures the ratio of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate exams taken by students to the number of graduating students that year, regardless of the scores earned by students or the difficulty in graduating. Schools with average SAT scores above 1300 or average ACT scores above 27 are excluded from

6800-488: The magazine was dated February 17, 1933. Seven photographs from the week's news were printed on the first issue's cover. In 1937, News-Week merged with the weekly journal Today , which had been founded in 1932 by future New York Governor and diplomat W. Averell Harriman , and Vincent Astor of the prominent Astor family. As a result of the deal, Harriman and Astor provided $ 600,000 (equivalent to $ 12,717,000 in 2023) in venture capital funds and Vincent Astor became both

6900-437: The magazine was forced to recall several hundred thousand copies of a special issue called Your Child , which advised that infants as young as five months old could safely feed themselves zwieback toasts and chunks of raw carrot (to the contrary, both represent a choking hazard in children this young). The error was later attributed to a copy editor who was working on two stories at the same time. In 2017, Newsweek published

7000-547: The magazine's financial liabilities. Harman's bid was accepted over three competitors. Meacham left the magazine upon completion of the sale. Sidney Harman was the husband of Jane Harman , at that time a member of Congress from California. At the end of 2010, Newsweek merged with the online publication The Daily Beast , following extensive negotiations between the respective proprietors. Tina Brown , The Daily Beast 's editor-in-chief, became editor of both publications. The new entity, The Newsweek Daily Beast Company ,

7100-514: The meeting signed confidentiality agreements not to discuss what happened. Zakaria told The New York Times that he attended the meeting for several hours but did not recall being told that a report for the president would be produced. On October 21, 2006, after verification, the Times published a correction that stated: An article in Business Day on October 9 about journalists who attended

7200-417: The mitochondrial lineages of daughters of Mitochondrial Eve die out, then the title of "Mitochondrial Eve" shifts forward from the remaining daughter through her matrilineal descendants, until the first descendant is reached who had two or more daughters who together have all living humans as their matrilineal descendants. Once a lineage has died out it is irretrievably lost and this mechanism can thus only shift

7300-461: The mt-MRCA is situated at the divergence of macro-haplogroup L into L0 and L1–6 . As of 2013, estimates on the age of this split ranged at around 155,000 years ago, consistent with a date later than the speciation of Homo sapiens but earlier than the recent out-of-Africa dispersal . The male analog to the "Mitochondrial Eve" is the " Y-chromosomal Adam " (or Y-MRCA), the individual from whom all living humans are patrilineally descended. As

7400-469: The past two years and was put up for sale. The sale attracted international bidders. One bidder was Syrian entrepreneur Abdulsalam Haykal, CEO of Syrian publishing company Haykal Media, who brought together a coalition of Middle Eastern investors with his company. Haykal later claimed his bid was ignored by Newsweek 's bankers, Allen & Co . The magazine was sold to audio pioneer Sidney Harman on August 2, 2010, for US$ 1 in exchange for assuming

7500-622: The probe "focused on loans the company took out to purchase the computer equipment", and several Newsweek reporters were fired after reporting on the issue. Uzac pleaded guilty to fraud and money-laundering in 2020. In September 2018, after completing the strategic structural changes introduced in March of the same year, IBT Media spun off Newsweek into its own entity, Newsweek Publishing LLC, with co-ownership to Dev Pragad and Johnathan Davis of IBT Media. In 2020, Newsweek' s website hit 100 million unique monthly readers, up from seven million at

7600-603: The process. In 2024, it rolled out an AI video production tool and started hiring an AI-focused breaking news team. In 2003, worldwide circulation was more than 4 million, including 2.7 million in the U.S; by 2010 it reduced to 1.5 million (with newsstand sales declining to just over 40,000 copies per week). Newsweek publishes editions in Japanese, Korean, Polish, Romanian, Spanish, Rioplatense Spanish , Arabic , Turkish , Serbian, as well as an English-language Newsweek International . Russian Newsweek , published since 2004,

7700-402: The publication was likely to go digital to cover its losses and could undergo other changes by the next year. Barry Diller , chairman of the conglomerate IAC/InterActiveCorp, said his firm was looking at options since its partner in the Newsweek / Daily Beast operation had pulled out. At the end of 2012, the company discontinued the American print edition after 80 years of publication, citing

7800-458: The region where Eve lived can be proposed. Newsweek reported on Mitochondrial Eve based on the Cann et al. study in January 1988, under a heading of "Scientists Explore a Controversial Theory About Man's Origins". The edition sold a record number of copies. The popular name "mitochondrial Eve", of 1980s coinage, has contributed to a number of popular misconceptions. At first, the announcement of

7900-603: The reserved estimate of the original research) and Out of Africa II to about 95 kya. Another 2013 study (based on genome sequencing of 69 people from 9 different populations) reported the age of Mitochondrial Eve between 99 and 148 kya and that of the Y-MRCA between 120 and 156 kya. Without a DNA sample, it is not possible to reconstruct the complete genetic makeup ( genome ) of any individual who died very long ago. By analysing descendants' DNA, however, parts of ancestral genomes are estimated by scientists. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA,

8000-671: The same time as Y-chromosomal Adam (from whom all living males are descended patrilineally), and perhaps even met and mated with him. Even if this were true, which is currently regarded as highly unlikely, this would only be a coincidence. Like Mitochondrial "Eve", Y-chromosomal "Adam" probably lived in Africa. A recent study (March 2013) concluded however that "Eve" lived much later than "Adam" – some 140,000 years later. (Earlier studies considered, conversely, that "Eve" lived earlier than "Adam".) More recent studies indicate that Mitochondrial Eve and Y-chromosomal Adam may indeed have lived around

8100-434: The same time. Mitochondrial Eve is the most recent common matrilineal ancestor, not the most recent common ancestor . Since the mtDNA is inherited maternally and recombination is either rare or absent, it is relatively easy to track the ancestry of the lineages back to a MRCA; however, this MRCA is valid only when discussing mitochondrial DNA. An approximate sequence from newest to oldest can list various important points in

8200-578: The social stigma of unwed women in Asia called sheng nu . Former Alaska Governor and 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin was featured on the cover of the November 23, 2009, issue of Newsweek , with the caption "How do you Solve a Problem Like Sarah?" featuring an image of Palin in athletic attire and posing. Palin herself, the Los Angeles Times and other commentators accused Newsweek of sexism for their choice of cover in

8300-517: The start of 2017. In 2021, its revenues doubled to $ 75 million and traffic increased to 48 million monthly unique visitors in May 2022 from about 30 million in May 2019 according to Comscore. In September 2023, Newsweek announced it would be making use of generative AI in its operations. Its AI policy states that generative AI can be used in "writing, research, editing, and other core journalism functions" as long as journalists are involved throughout

8400-421: The time back to a common ancestor, such as Mitochondrial Eve. This works because, along any particular line of descent, mitochondrial DNA accumulates mutations at the rate of approximately one every 3,500 years per nucleotide. A certain number of these new variants will survive into modern times and be identifiable as distinct lineages. At the same time some branches, including even very old ones, come to an end when

8500-419: The title "Taylor Swift Is Not a Good Role Model", which claimed that American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift was a bad role model for young girls due to being unmarried, childless and having been in multiple relationships. The article was condemned as sexist, including by tennis player Martina Navratilova . Unlike most large American magazines, Newsweek has not used fact-checkers since 1996. In 1997,

8600-426: The title of "Mitochondrial Eve" forward in time. Because mtDNA mapping of humans is very incomplete, the discovery of living mtDNA lines which predate our current concept of "Mitochondrial Eve" could result in the title moving to an earlier woman. This happened to her male counterpart, "Y-chromosomal Adam", when an older Y line, haplogroup A-00 , was discovered. Sometimes Mitochondrial Eve is assumed to have lived at

8700-452: The topic of human mitochondrial genetics to a general audience. The Real Eve: Modern Man's Journey Out of Africa by Stephen Oppenheimer (2003) was adapted into a 2002 Discovery Channel documentary. One common misconception surrounding Mitochondrial Eve is that since all women alive today descended in a direct unbroken female line from her, she must have been the only woman alive at the time. However, nuclear DNA studies indicate that

8800-455: The topic. Popular science presentations of the topic usually point out such possible misconceptions by emphasizing the fact that the position of mt-MRCA is neither fixed in time (as the position of mt-MRCA moves forward in time as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages become extinct), nor does it refer to a "first woman", nor the only living female of her time, nor the first member of a "new species". Early research using molecular clock methods

8900-429: The week with a brief article accompanying each one. The "NewsBeast" section featured short articles, a brief interview with a newsmaker, and several graphs and charts for quick reading in the style of The Daily Beast . This is where the Newsweek staple "Conventional Wisdom" was located. Brown retained Newsweek 's focus on in-depth, analytical features and original reporting on politics and world affairs, as well as

9000-463: The year, Newsweek merged with the news and opinion website The Daily Beast , forming The Newsweek Daily Beast Company . Newsweek was jointly owned by the estate of Harman and the diversified American media and Internet company IAC . Newsweek continued to experience financial difficulties leading to the cessation of print publication and a transition to an all-digital format at the end of 2012. In 2013, IBT Media acquired Newsweek from IAC;

9100-454: Was 50% owned by IAC/InterActiveCorp and 50% by Harman. Newsweek was redesigned in March 2011. The new Newsweek moved the "Perspectives" section to the front of the magazine, where it served essentially as a highlight reel of the past week on The Daily Beast . More room was made available in the front of the magazine for columnists, editors, and special guests. A new "News Gallery" section featured two-page spreads of photographs from

9200-592: Was criticized for lacking substantive evidence. The magazine stood by its story. IBT Media announced that the publication returned to profitability on October 8, 2014. In February 2017, IBT Media appointed Matt McAllester, then editor of Newsweek International , as global editor-in-chief of Newsweek . In January 2018, Newsweek offices were raided by the Manhattan District Attorney 's office as part of an investigation into co-owner and founder, Etienne Uzac. Columbia Journalism Review noted

9300-640: Was debated at the time, and a boost to the theory of the recent origin model . Cann, Stoneking and Wilson did not use the term "Mitochondrial Eve" or even the name "Eve" in their original paper. It is however used by Cann in an article entitled "In Search of Eve" in the September–October 1987 issue of The Sciences . It also appears in the October 1987 article in Science by Roger Lewin , headlined "The Unmasking of Mitochondrial Eve". The biblical connotation

9400-481: Was done during the late 1970s to early 1980s. Allan Wilson , Mark Stoneking , Rebecca L. Cann and Wesley Brown found that mutation in human mtDNA was unexpectedly fast, at 0.02 substitution per base (1%) in a million years, which is 5–10 times faster than in nuclear DNA . Related work allowed for an analysis of the evolutionary relationships among gorillas, chimpanzees ( common chimpanzee and bonobo ) and humans. With data from 21 human individuals, Brown published

9500-433: Was down 37% in 2009 and the magazine division reported an operating loss for 2009 of US$ 29.3   million (equivalent to $ 41.61 million in 2023) compared to a loss of US$ 16   million in 2008 (equivalent to $ 22.64 million in 2023). During the first quarter of 2010, the magazine lost nearly US$ 11   million (equivalent to $ 15.37 million in 2023). By May 2010, Newsweek had been losing money for

9600-565: Was featured on the cover of Newsweek magazine in August 2011, dubbed "the Queen of Rage". The photo of her was perceived as unflattering, as it portrayed her with a wide eyed expression some said made her look "crazy". Conservative commentator Michelle Malkin called the depiction "sexist", and Sarah Palin denounced the publication. Newsweek defended the cover's depiction of her, saying its other photos of Bachmann showed similar intensity. In June 2024, Newsweek published an opinion piece with

9700-478: Was filmed in 2014, nine years prior, before Tuberville's tenure as senator. The Manhattan District Attorney 's office raided Newsweek 's headquarters in Lower Manhattan on January 18, 2018, and seized 18 computer servers as part of an investigation related to the company's finances. IBT, which owned Newsweek at the time, had been under scrutiny for its ties to David Jang , a South Korean pastor and

9800-622: Was shut in October 2010. The Bulletin (an Australian weekly until 2008) incorporated an international news section from Newsweek . Based in New York City, the magazine claimed 22 bureaus in 2011: nine in the U.S.: New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago/Detroit, Dallas, Miami, Washington, D.C., Boston and San Francisco, and others overseas in London, Paris, Berlin, Moscow, Jerusalem , Baghdad , Tokyo, Hong Kong, Beijing, South Asia , Cape Town , Mexico City and Buenos Aires . According to

9900-491: Was very clear from the start. The accompanying research news in Nature had the title "Out of the garden of Eden". Wilson himself preferred the term "Lucky Mother" and thought the use of the name Eve "regrettable". But the concept of Eve caught on with the public and was repeated in a Newsweek cover story (11 January 1988 issue featured a depiction of Adam and Eve on the cover, with the title "The Search for Adam and Eve"), and

10000-477: Was widely shared on social media, including by actresses Trudie Styler , Sophie Turner and Viola Davis , and Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau . The number was actually derived from estimates from a United Nations human rights rapporteur and other human rights organizations of how many people were detained in Iran in connection with the protests, and Newsweek later retracted the underlying claim leading to

#265734