Sport compact is a United States marketing classification for a high-performance version of a compact or a subcompact car . There is no precise definition, and the description is applied to various models for promotional purposes.
93-444: The Mitsubishi Eclipse is a sport compact car that was produced by Mitsubishi in four generations from 1989 until 2011. A convertible body style was added during the 1996 model year. The first two generations share the automobile platform and parts with the rebadged Eagle Talon and Plymouth Laser captive imports . They were built during Mitsubishi Motors ' close relationship with Chrysler Corporation . Their partnership
186-459: A 10:1 compression ratio, revised camshaft profile, and an improved Mitsubishi Variable Induction Management (MVIM) air intake system that gave the car an extra 10 hp (7.5 kW) and a slightly improved power curve. The 2003–2005 GTS coupe, GTS Spyder and GT Spyder shared the new engine while the GT coupe retained the 200 hp (149 kW) powertrain. With the introduction of the 2003 GTS model,
279-524: A 162 hp (121 kW) 2.4 L MIVEC four-cylinder engine, both derived from the Mitsubishi PS platform family, with which the Eclipse shares many mechanical components. Like the 2004 Galant and third-generation Eclipse, the fourth-generation Eclipse is FWD only, although a concept model has been produced by Mitsubishi and Ralliart with a MillenWorks designed hybrid-electric AWD platform,
372-573: A 9:1 compression ratio and produced an output of 154 hp (115 kW) and 163 lb⋅ft (221 N⋅m) of torque throughout all years. The 3.0 L V6, however, used in GT and GT Spyder models, produced 205 hp (153 kW) in Federal Specifications between 2000-2001 and 200 hp (149 kW) in all GT models in California Specifications, all years with a static compression ratio of 9:1. In 2003,
465-459: A brand name owned by General Motors and originally used for its Chevrolet branded vehicles. In an automobile, such limited-slip differentials are sometimes used in place of a standard differential, where they convey certain dynamic advantages, at the expense of greater complexity. In 1932, Ferdinand Porsche designed a Grand Prix racing car for the Auto Union company. The high power of
558-663: A competing system for Chevrolet branded vehicles under the Positraction name. Within a few years, other American automotive brands introduced similar systems under a variety of names, including Safe-T-Track for GM's Pontiac brand and Anti Spin for its Oldsmobile brand, while the Ford Motor Company introduced Traction-Lok for Ford vehicles and Directed Power for its Lincoln cars. Chrysler purchased Power-Lok units from Dana Incorporated and Spin-Resistant units from Borg-Warner , marketing both under
651-426: A cylindrical chamber of fluid filled with a stack of perforated discs rotates with the normal motion of the output shafts. The inside surface of the chamber is coupled to one of the driveshafts, and the outside coupled to the differential carrier. Half of the discs are connected to the inner, the other half to the outer, alternating inner/outer in the stack. Differential motion forces the interleaved discs to move through
744-446: A distinct advantage to their wheel-spinning counterparts. Mechanical limited-slip differentials are considered essential to perform a proper drift . Both limited-slip differentials and open differentials have a gear train that allows the output shafts to spin at different speeds while holding the sum of their speeds proportional to that of the input shaft. Automotive limited-slip differentials have some type of mechanism that applies
837-508: A four-cylinder internal-combustion engine, suspension tuned for handling , and bodywork designed to improve aerodynamics or allow for larger wheels. "Econosport" is a rarely used term for a sports version of a small economy car. An early sport compact was the 1968 Ford Capri , a European coupe built on the platform of the second-generation Ford Cortina sedans. The early American-built sport compact models contained optional performance or sporting packages for mass-produced compact coupes in
930-625: A higher-profile rear spoiler. The interior color choices also changed from blue and grey in 1995–1996 model years to black/grey, tan/black, and grey in the 1997–1999 model years. A black leather interior option was only available in 1999; the package included all seats (with the 'Mitsubishi' logo embroidered on both of the fronts), door inserts, and a center console armrest. The Eclipse was available in seven trim levels: Base [Only available in 1996.5 (mid-model year)], RS (Rally Sport), GS (Grand Sport), GS Spyder, GS-T (Grand Sport Turbo), GS-T Spyder, and GSX (Grand Sport X=AWD). The second-generation Eclipse
1023-451: A lightweight electric motor and lithium-ion batteries in the chassis of a third-generation Eclipse. It is powered by manganese lithium-ion batteries made by Japan Storage Battery, which have 65% reduced charging time over nickel-hydrogen batteries. The prototype model participated in the 2001 Shikoku EV Rally, a 780 km (485 mi) circuit around the perimeter of Shikoku , Japan, where it drove in excess of 400 km (249 mi) on
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#17327905576601116-409: A limited-slip differential is demonstrated by considering the case of a standard (or "open") differential in off-roading or snow situations where one wheel begins to slip. In such a case with a standard differential, the slipping or non-contacting wheel will receive the majority of the power (in the form of low-torque, high-rpm rotation), while the contacting wheel will remain stationary with respect to
1209-507: A more expensive annual road tax obligation. A special version of the Eclipse, called the "10th Anniversary OZ Rally", was sold at the end of the 1999 model run with unique 16-inch Enkei wheels with the OZ Racing logo. It also included the leather interior package, accented exhaust exit, “silver” gauges, mud flaps, and higher-profile spoiler that were available as standard equipment on GS-T coupe and GSX models. The special-edition package
1302-461: A recall (bulletin 98V069001) for all 1990–1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse GSXs citing, "Lockup of the transfer case can occur due to insufficient lubrication. The condition can cause a loss of vehicle control increasing the risk of a crash." The dealers would inspect the vehicles for the adequacy of the transfer case oil volume, transfer case oil leakage, and operational degradation of the transfer case mechanism. The transfer case itself did not leak but rather
1395-438: A sharper slant on the inner edges, and the previous all-chrome fixture interior changed to a black interior with chrome reflector inserts. The driving lights were revised from a reflector type to a smaller projection type. The rear bumper cap was altered and had the reverse lights restyled and moved out into the bumper fascia, away from their original central position by the rear license plate bracket. The GS-T coupe and GSX received
1488-439: A single battery charge. Another substantial styling revision was introduced, with the fourth-generation model taking some of the profile from the second generation model but maintaining a front fascia consistent with Mitsubishi's corporate styling features of the time. Drivetrain features include a 263 hp (196 kW) 3.8 L MIVEC V6 engine for the GT trim, 2009 and newer models have 265 hp (198 kW). The GS has
1581-433: A torque (internal to the differential) that resists the relative motion of the output shafts. In simple terms, this means they have some mechanism which resists a speed difference between the outputs, by creating a resisting torque between either the two outputs, or the outputs and the differential housing. There are many mechanisms used to create this resisting torque. Types of limited-slip differential typically are named from
1674-467: A traditional limited-slip differential. The systems harness various chassis sensors such as speed sensors, anti-lock braking system (ABS) sensors, accelerometers , and microcomputers to electronically monitor wheel slip and vehicle motion. When the chassis control system determines a wheel is slipping, the computer applies the brakes to that wheel. A significant difference between the limited-slip differential systems listed above and this brake-based system,
1767-521: Is a transverse -mounted I4 Mitsubishi 4G37 or 4G63 engine situated on the left-hand side of the car driving an automatic or manual transmission on the right-hand side. AWD models have a different transmission which includes a limited-slip center differential and output shaft for a transfer case, which drives the rear differential (also available as limited-slip) and half-shafts. The 4G37 and 4G63 engines are gasoline inline-fours . The 4G63 has an iron engine block with an aluminum cylinder head and
1860-518: Is a completely separate design from the most common beveled spider gear designs seen in most automotive applications. As torque is applied to the gears, they are pushed against the walls of the differential housing, creating friction. The friction resists the relative movement of the outputs and creates the limiting torque Trq d . Unlike other friction-based LSD designs that combine a common spider gear "open" differential in combination with spring-loaded friction components that inhibit differentiation,
1953-448: Is a significant speed difference between the right and left wheel, and internal damping to avoid hysteresis . The newest gerotor pump based system has computer regulated output for more versatility and no oscillation. An electronic limited-slip differential will typically have a planetary or bevel gear set similar to that of an open differential and a clutch pack similar to that in a torque sensitive or gerotor pump based differential. In
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#17327905576602046-452: Is applied in the opposite direction it behaves like an open differential. In the case of a FWD car it is argued to be safer than a 2-way differential. The argument is if there is no additional coupling on over run, i.e. a 1-way LSD as soon as the driver lifts the throttle, the LSD unlocks and behaves somewhat like a conventional open differential. This is also the best for FWD cars, as it allows
2139-399: Is called Trq f for torque friction ). Trq d is the difference in torque delivered to the left and right wheel. The magnitude of Trq d comes from the slip-limiting mechanism in the differential and may be a function of input torque (as in the case of a gear differential), or the difference in the output speeds (as in the case of a viscous differential). The torque delivered to
2232-421: Is designed to function in this manner, which was promoted to provide a different benefit: if one rear drive wheel momentarily leaves the ground when it hits a bump with the differential under load, the airborne wheel will not spin freely and cause the vehicle to break traction when the spinning wheel touches the ground again. A 1-way differential will provide its limiting action in only one direction. When torque
2325-492: Is equipped with two balance shafts. The turbocharged version of the 4G63 (sometimes referred to as the 4G63T) has a lower compression ratio of 7.8:1 and oil squirters under the pistons for better cooling from extra heat created by forced induction. The turbocharged 4G63 engine received an internal update during the 1992 model year. The engines built from 1989 through April 1992 have 6-bolt motors. Beginning in May 1992, Mitsubishi revised
2418-603: Is more precisely shaved and cut compared to previous years. It is identical to that used in the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution , which was not yet sold in North America until 2003. The thrust bearings have been revised to a "split" type to allow better lubrication and self-alignment with the crankshaft. It also had improved tuning and functionality thanks to a new ECU , which was similar to Lancer Evolution ECUs. Although originally deactivated to protect
2511-462: Is that brake-based systems do not inherently send the greater torque to the slower wheel, plus the added brake friction material wear that results from the use of such a system if the vehicle is driven in an environment where the brake-based system will activate on a regular basis. BMW 's electronic limited-slip differential used on the F10 5 Series is an example of such a system. Another example began on
2604-735: Is the Porsche PSD system used on the Porsche 928 . An additional example is the SAAB XWD ( Haldex Generation 4) with eLSD, which uses a common (electronically controlled via the vehicle computer network) hydraulic power pack to control both the longitudinal and transversal torque transfer of the XWD system. The same Haldex system is used on several other GM Epsilon based vehicles such as the Cadillac SRX etc. These systems are alternatives to
2697-484: The 1998 North American International Auto Show . It was the first concept vehicle exhibited by Mitsubishi at an auto show in the U.S. Two new powertrain options were available, a 147 hp (110 kW) 2.4 L 16-valve SOHC I4 4G64 and a 205 hp (153 kW) 24v SOHC 3.0 L V6 ( 6G72 ). AWD was no longer an option. The suspension setup was modified to provide a softer and more compliant ride quality. The third-generation Eclipse shared its powertrain with
2790-569: The 4G63 engine from the Lancer Evolution , and more aggressive body styling with imitation carbon fiber accents. The V6 produces 263 hp (196 kW) and 260 ft⋅lbf (353 N⋅m) of torque . The fourth-generation Spyder ( convertible ) Eclipse was released for the 2007 model year at the North American International Auto Show . For the 2010 model year in the U.S., its primary market,
2883-591: The Diamond Star Motors facility. The European market engines were a naturally aspirated 4G63 with 145 PS (107 kW; 143 hp). International market Eclipses made less horsepower than their Japanese domestic market equivalents when equipped with the 4G63 (210 hp (157 kW), 154 hp (115 kW)), due to emissions regulations. This model exceeded Japanese government's compact car regulations regarding exterior dimensions (maximum width of 1,700 mm (66.9 in)), therefore incurred
Mitsubishi Eclipse - Misplaced Pages Continue
2976-538: The PS platform . According to Mitsubishi Motors, the Eclipse was named after an unbeaten 18th-century English racehorse that won 18 races in a row and then retired. At the end of August 2011, the final Eclipse was manufactured and subsequently auctioned for charity. In 2017, Mitsubishi resurrected the Eclipse name on a compact crossover vehicle, called the Eclipse Cross . The first-generation Mitsubishi Eclipse
3069-535: The Sure-Grip name on Chrysler, Dodge , and Plymouth vehicles. Limited-slip differentials became very popular and sought after during the muscle car era in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite the myriad marketing names used by competing brands, the popularity of Chevrolet vehicles resulted in Positraction becoming a generic trademark in the U.S. for limited-slip differentials generally. The main advantage of
3162-528: The 1980s. Examples include the 1986 Chevrolet Cavalier Z24, the 1986 Ford EXP Sport Coupe, the 1987 Renault Alliance GTA, and the 1988 Plymouth Sundance . These models achieved moderate sales. Sport compact models gained greater prominence by the mid-1990s, sold in significant numbers in models such as the 1993 Ford Probe (based on the Mazda MX-6 platform), and the 1995 Chevrolet Cavalier / Pontiac Sunfire badge-engineered twins. Sports compacts of
3255-536: The 1984-present Honda Civic Si , 2007-2013 Mazdaspeed3 , and the 2012-present Toyota 86 . Sport compact cars are often used in motorsport events because they are relatively lightweight. They are used to compete in various types of motorsport, including autocross , rallying , rallycross , touring car racing , drifting , and drag racing . From 2005 through 2012, the International Sport Compact Auto Racing Series
3348-475: The 1992 film My Cousin Vinny , the proof of innocence of two young men falsely accused of murder relies heavily on a photograph of tire marks made by a car which has a limited-slip differential, which (as Marisa Tomei 's character famously declares in an Oscar -winning performance) "was not available on the '64 Buick Skylark ," the car driven by the defendants. She argues that the evidence proves, rather, that
3441-602: The 2000s include the 2001-2003 Ford ZX2 , the 2004-2007 Saturn Ion Red Line , the 2005-2010 Chevrolet Cobalt SS , and the 2003-2005 Dodge Neon SRT-4 . European hot hatches are considered 'sport compact' cars in the North American market. Examples include the 1976-present Volkswagen Golf GTI and the 2000-present Mini Cooper. Similarly, most Japanese hot hatches and sports coupes are classified as 'sport compact' cars when sold in North America, for example,
3534-470: The 3.0 L V6 was improved for the GTS and GT/GTS Spyder, using a revised camshaft profile, raised compression ratio of 10:1 and variable-length MVIM intake manifold. This engine produced 210 hp (157 kW). The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has determined crash test ratings of Eclipse of different model years: The Mitsubishi Eclipse EV is a prototype electric vehicle with
3627-460: The 420a does not. The 1995–1999 turbo engines were given an increased compression ratio of 8.5:1, up from 7.8:1, and a smaller turbo, a Garrett T25 set to 12 psi (0.8 bar) in place of the previous Mitsubishi TD04-13G turbocharger (automatic cars) and TD05-14B turbocharger (manual cars). This was done to minimize turbo lag, which was an undesirable trait for mass-market appeal in the U.S. These changes led to increased horsepower and torque vs.
3720-562: The Eclipse saw minor changes including a redesigned front bumper with slotted fog lights, as well as a recoloring of the taillights. On the interior, the gauge face changed, and the door panels were also redesigned. Newly designed five-spoke chrome wheels were offered with the GT and GTS trims. In 2004, Mitsubishi Motors imported the Eclipse Spyder to the Japanese Domestic Market as a special edition. The Eclipse
3813-599: The Eclipse was available in five trim levels: GS, GS Sport Spyder, SE, GT, and GT Spyder. In Mexico, the GT Spyder is known as the Eclipse Convertible. In Canada, the GT trim is known as the GT-P. The SE package was available in either GS or GT trim specs, however included optional equipment. The models and standard / optional equipment: Sport compact car Cars began to be marketed as sport compacts in
Mitsubishi Eclipse - Misplaced Pages Continue
3906-584: The GS and the GS-T. The Spyder GS was powered by a 2.4 L I4 naturally-aspirated 4G64 engine. The Spyder GS-T was fitted with Mitsubishi's 2.0 L turbocharged 4G63 I4 engine. The GSX model was also powered by this engine but with the addition of all-wheel drive system. No convertible model was powered by the Chrysler's 420a engine, nor was there a convertible with all-wheel-drive. The turbocharged engine option
3999-512: The GSX model getting a notably different styling package from the others. In the European market, only a single trim was available (sold either as plain "Eclipse", or with GS or GSi badging depending on the importer), fitted with the 2-liter DOHC engine producing 150 PS (110 kW; 148 bhp). Some European buyers could also opt for four-wheel-drive. The basic driveline layout of the Eclipse
4092-520: The GSX which was all-wheel drive . The GS Turbo and GSX were equipped with turbocharged engines. The profile was low and sleek; the hood line was so low that it needed a bump to clear the engine's cam cover. The first-generation Eclipse underwent minor styling changes during its production; the car received updated, more ovoid sheet metal for 1992. The most notable is that the pre-facelift models have pop-up headlights , whereas 1992 through 1994 models have exposed aerodynamic headlights. The original Eclipse
4185-404: The brass plug in the center of the transfer case yoke would leak. Mitsubishi estimated 24,275 vehicles were affected. Another issue that impacted the mid 1995–1997 Eclipse GS-T/GSX (4G63 equipped vehicles) is thrust-bearing failure commonly referred to in the Eclipse community as "crankwalk." Mitsubishi never publicly addressed the issue via a recall or TSB. There were a variety of symptoms however
4278-572: The car to turn in on throttle release, instead of ploughing forward. A 1.5-way differential refers to one where the forward and reverse limiting torques, Trq d_fwd, d_rev , are different but neither is zero as in the case of the 1-way LSD. This type of differential is common in racing cars where a strong limiting torque can aid stability under engine braking. Geared, torque-sensitive mechanical limited-slip differentials use worm gears and spur gears to distribute and differentiate input power between two drive wheels or front and back axles. This
4371-534: The coupling is proportional to the input torque. With no load, the coupling is reduced to the static coupling. The behavior on over run (particularly sudden throttle release) determines whether the LSD is 1 way, 1.5 way, or 2 way. A 2-way differential will have the same limiting torque Trq d in both the forward and reverse directions. This means the differential will provide some level of limiting action under engine braking. The early Packard Twin Traction unit
4464-566: The design caused one of the rear wheels to experience excessive wheel spin at any speed up to 160 km/h (100 mph). In 1935, Porsche commissioned the engineering firm ZF to design a limited-slip differential to improve performance. The ZF "sliding pins and cams" became available, and one example was the Type B-70 used during the Second World War in the military VWs ( Kübelwagen and Schwimmwagen ), although technically this
4557-504: The differential (as the engine applies more torque the gears or clutches grip harder and Trq d increases). Torque sensing LSDs respond to driveshaft torque, so that the more driveshaft input torque present, the harder the clutches, cones or gears are pressed together, and thus the more closely the drive wheels are coupled to each other. Some include spring loading to provide some small torque so that with little or no input torque (trailing throttle/gearbox in neutral/main clutch depressed)
4650-565: The differential center, internal pressure rings (adjoining the clutch stack) are forced sideways by the pinion cross shaft trying to climb the ramp, which compresses the clutch stack. The more the clutch stack is compressed, the more coupled the wheels are. The mating of the vertical ramp (80–85° in practice to avoid chipping) surfaces in a one-way LSD on overrun produces no cam effect or corresponding clutch stack compression. Broadly speaking, there are three input torque states: load, no load, and over run. During load conditions, as previously stated,
4743-459: The differential. This is not serviceable; when the differential's behavior deteriorates, the VLSD center must be replaced. This style limited-slip differential works by using a gerotor pump to hydraulically compress a clutch to transfer torque to the wheel that is rotating slower. The gerotor pump uses the differential carrier or cage to drive the outer rotor of the pump and one axle shaft to drive
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#17327905576604836-447: The drive wheels are minimally coupled. The amount of preload (hence static coupling) on the clutches or cones is affected by the general condition (wear) and by how tightly they are loaded. The clutch type has a stack of thin clutch-discs, half of which are coupled to one of the drive shafts, the other half of which are coupled to the spider gear carrier. The clutch stacks may be present on both drive shafts, or on only one. If on only one,
4929-484: The driver) and height-adjustable front shoulder belts. Anti-lock brakes were optional on all models (except for RS). The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has determined crash test ratings of the 2G Eclipse: 1995 and 1996 "Driver's Choice Award" - MotorWeek The Eclipse underwent a change into its third generation in 1999, closely applying the Mitsubishi SST design study which debuted at
5022-514: The drivetrain, it included advanced features such as launch control, boost control, adjustable rev-limit, fuel system control as well as fuel and boost map selection for certain Mitsubishi Heavy Industries turbochargers. The second-generation Eclipse received numerous Technical Service Bulletins (TSB) affecting a variety of issues with the car however there was one notable powertrain recall. In March 1998, Mitsubishi issued
5115-506: The eighth-generation Galant . In late 2001, the power of the GT trim was lowered to 200 hp (149 kW) as a result of tightened emission standards forcing MMNA to adopt the California emissions standards for all variants of the car, rather than selling independent 'Federal Specification' and 'California Specifications' versions. In mid-2002, the GTS trim was introduced for the 2003 model year. This vehicle included an engine with
5208-535: The electronic unit the clamping force on the clutch is controlled externally by a computer or other controller. This allows the control of the differential’s limiting torque, Trq d , to be controlled as part of a total chassis management system. An example of this type of differential is Subaru’s DCCD used in the Subaru WRX STi. The Jeep Quadra-Drive II four-wheel-drive system produced beginning in 2005 utilizes this type of differential. Another example
5301-451: The engine to a 7-bolt design. In March 1998, Mitsubishi issued a recall (bulletin 98V069001) for all 1990–1998 Mitsubishi Eclipse GSXs citing, "Lockup of the transfer case can occur due to insufficient lubrication. The condition can cause a loss of vehicle control increasing the risk of a crash." The dealers would inspect the vehicles for the adequacy of the transfer case oil volume, transfer case oil leakage, and operational degradation of
5394-426: The first year (1992) production of the re-styled, and new 4.6L V-8 overhead cam Ford Crown Victoria model with its optional anti-lock brakes. This option was available on the 1992 Crown Victoria, onward; on those cars equipped with anti-lock brakes. In The Beach Boys ' song " 409 ", the lyrics mention the presence of a limited-slip differential: "...My four-speed, dual-quad, Positraction 4-0-9 (4-0-9, 4-0-9)." In
5487-431: The fluid against each other. In some viscous couplings when speed is maintained the fluid will accumulate heat due to friction. This heat will cause the fluid to expand, and expand the coupler causing the discs to be pulled together resulting in a non-viscous plate to plate friction and a dramatic drop in speed difference. This is known as the hump phenomenon and it allows the side of the coupler to gently lock. In contrast to
5580-443: The ground. The torque transmitted by an open differential will always be equal at both wheels; if one tire is on a slippery surface, the supplied torque will easily overcome the available traction at a very low number. For example, the right tire might begin to spin as soon as 70 N⋅m (50 lb⋅ft) of torque is placed on it, since it is on an icy surface. Since the same amount of torque is always felt at both wheels, regardless of
5673-440: The head and runners of the intake manifold are also larger on the 1G. They also have larger crankshaft bearing journals to allow better lubrication. Because they look similar, it is important to note that the 1990-1994 cylinder head is more on the side of high air volume, while the 1995-1999 cylinder head is more on the side of high air velocity. Mitsubishi Motors quietly updated its 4G63 engine in 1998 and 1999. The crankshaft
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#17327905576605766-405: The inner rotor. When there is a difference between the left and right wheels' speed, the pump pressurizes the hydraulic fluid causing the clutch to compress, thereby causing the torque to be transferred to the wheel that is rotating slower. These pump-based systems have lower and upper limits on applied pressure which allows the differential to work like a conventional or open differential until there
5859-540: The mechanical type, the limiting action is much softer and more proportional to the slip, and so is easier to cope with for the average driver. New Process Gear used a viscous coupling of the Ferguson style in several of their transfer cases including those used in the AMC Eagle . Viscous LSDs are less efficient than mechanical types, that is, they "lose" some power. In particular, any sustained load which overheats
5952-590: The mid-1980s to describe the option packages on American-built coupes. Since then, it has also been used for standalone sports car models and cars imported from Europe and Asia . The European equivalent is a hot hatch . However, sport compacts are not limited to hatchback body styles. A sports compact should "fulfill the multiple duties of a family car, plaything, and daily driver". Many sports compacts have coupe, sedan, or hatchback body styles built on mass-production platforms. Other common (but not essential) characteristics include front-wheel or all-wheel drive ,
6045-540: The most common symptom of crankwalk is the clutch pedal would stick to the floor upon making a left turn. If crankwalk occurred, it typically meant engine failure. In 1998, Mitsubishi revised manufacturing processes to correct the issue. All 2G Eclipses came standard with driver and front-passenger airbags, side-guard door beams, front and rear body structure crumple zones, 5 mph energy-absorbing bumpers, safety-cage body construction, 4-wheel disc brakes (except RS), three-point ELR/ALR lap/shoulder safety belts (ELR only for
6138-430: The outputs is: When traveling in a straight line, where one wheel starts to slip (and spin faster than the wheel with traction), torque is reduced to the slipping wheel ( Trq 2 ) and provided to the slower wheel ( Trq 1 ). In the case when the vehicle is turning and neither wheel is slipping, the inside wheel will be turning slower than the outside wheel. In this case the inside wheel will receive more torque than
6231-399: The outside wheel, which can result in understeer. When both wheels are spinning at the same speed, the torque distribution to each wheel is: This means the maximum torque to either wheel is statically indeterminate but is in the range of ½ Trq in ±( ½ Trq d ) . Several types of LSD are commonly used in passenger cars. In this differential the maximum torque difference between
6324-450: The premium interior package from the GT and GTS models, which was not previously offered on the GS trim. The third-generation Eclipse utilized two distinct Mitsubishi engines: The SOHC 4G64 2.4 L 16-valve four-cylinder and SOHC 6G72 3.0 L 24-valve V6. Both engines use cast iron blocks with aluminum cylinder heads. The four-cylinder, found in the RS, GS, and GS Spyder trims, used
6417-448: The previous 1G turbos. The 2G turbo cars produced 210 hp (157 kW) at 6,000 rpm (205 hp (153 kW) at 6,000 rpm with automatic transmission) and 214 lb⋅ft (290 N⋅m) at 3,000 rpm (220 lb⋅ft (298 N⋅m) at 3,000 rpm with automatic transmission.) The 4G63T engines found in 1990–1994 models have a 60 mm (2.4 in) throttle body compared to the 1995–1999 MY's 52 mm (2.0 in). The intake ports on
6510-411: The ramps are symmetrical, the LSD is 2 way. If they are saw toothed (i.e. one side of the ramp is vertical), the LSD is 1 way. If both sides are sloped, but are asymmetric, the LSD is 1.5 way. An alternative is to use the natural separation force of the gear teeth to load the clutch. An example is the center differential of the 2011 Audi Quattro RS 5. As the input torque of the driveshaft tries to turn
6603-421: The rear tires (but instead used a live axle ). With a live axle, when high torque is applied through the differential, the traction on the right rear tire is lower as the axle naturally wants to turn with the torsion of the drive shaft (but is held stationary by being mounted to the vehicle frame). This coined the terms "one wheel peel" or "one tire fire". As such, "Muscle-Cars" with LSD or "posi" (positraction) had
6696-480: The remaining drive shaft is linked to the clutched drive shaft through the spider gears. In a cone type the clutches are replaced by a pair of cones which are pressed together achieving the same effect. One method for creating the clamping force is the use of a cam-ramp assembly such as used in a Salisbury/ramp style LSD. The spider gears mount on the pinion cross shaft which rests in angled cutouts forming cammed ramps. The cammed ramps are not necessarily symmetrical. If
6789-426: The right side of the car, and further back in the chassis. AWD models had a similar transmission to the first generation car. The second-generation GSX also had a stronger carrier/differential when equipped with the limited-slip option. All motors are four-cylinder gasoline engines. All have cast iron blocks with aluminum cylinder heads. The 4G63 / 4G64 engines retain the balance shafts for smoother operation, while
6882-525: The same (very low) amount of torque. In this situation, a limited-slip differential prevents excessive power from being allocated to one wheel, and so keeps both wheels in powered rotation. The advantages of LSD in high-power, rear-wheel drive automobiles were demonstrated during the United States "Muscle-Car" era from the mid 1960s through the early 1970s. Cars of this era normally were rear-wheel drive and did not feature independent suspension for
6975-405: The silicone results in sudden permanent loss of the differential effect. They do have the virtue of failing gracefully, reverting to semi-open differential behavior. Typically a visco-differential that has covered 60,000 miles (97,000 km) or more will be functioning largely as an open differential. The silicone oil is factory sealed in a separate chamber from the gear oil surrounding the rest of
7068-419: The speed at which they are turning, this means that the wheel with traction cannot receive more than 70 N⋅m (50 lb⋅ft) of torque either, which is far less than is required to move the vehicle. Meanwhile, the tire on the slippery surface will simply spin, absorbing all of the actual power output (which is a function of torque provided over the course of revolutions), even though both wheels are provided
7161-415: The torque bias sensing design is inherent in its design, not as an add-on, but is still an LSD type. The result is a differential that does not bind up like some LSD types and locking ones, but still gives increased power delivery under many road conditions. Examples include: Speed-sensitive differentials limit the torque difference between the outputs, Trq d , based on the difference in speed between
7254-448: The transfer case mechanism. The transfer case itself did not leak but rather the brass plug in the center of the transfer case yoke would leak. Mitsubishi estimated that 24,275 vehicles were affected. [REDACTED] The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has determined crash test ratings of the 1G Eclipse: The Eclipse Turbo was on Car and Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 1989 through 1992. The Eclipse
7347-454: The two output shafts. Thus for small output speed differences the differential’s behavior may be very close to an open differential. As the speed difference increases, the limiting torque increases. This results in different dynamic behavior as compared to a torque sensitive differential. The viscous type is generally simpler because it relies on hydrodynamic friction from fluids with high viscosity . Silicone -based oils are often used. Here,
7440-416: The two outputs, Trq d , is a fixed value at all times regardless of torque input to the differential or speed difference between the two outputs. Typically this differential used spring-loaded clutch assemblies. These limited-slip differentials use helical gears, clutches or cones (an alternative type of clutch) where the engagement force of the gears or clutch is a function of the input torque applied to
7533-429: The type of the resisting mechanism. Examples include viscous and clutch-based LSDs. The amount of limiting torque provided by these mechanisms varies by design. A limited-slip differential has a more complex torque-split and should be considered in the case when the outputs are spinning the same speed and when spinning at different speeds. The torque difference between the two axles is called Trq d . (In this work it
7626-414: Was also available such as a trunk-mounted CD player, leather interior on the GS and GS-T and HomeLink and other items such as floormats and wheel locks. The basic driveline layout of the Eclipse is a transverse-mounted I4 Chrysler 420A, Mitsubishi 4G64 , or 4G63 engine. The Mitsubishi engines are mounted in the same orientation as the first generation cars. The 420A-powered cars had the engine mounted on
7719-431: Was an American stock car racing series for sports compacts that mostly raced on paved oval racetracks. Limited slip differential A limited-slip differential ( LSD ) is a type of differential gear train that allows its two output shafts to rotate at different speeds but limits the maximum difference between the two shafts. Limited-slip differentials are often known by the generic trademark Positraction ,
7812-503: Was available in 7 trim levels: RS, GS, GS Spyder, GT, GT Spyder, GTS, and GTS Spyder. All trim levels (besides RS and the Spyder) came with an automatic tilt and retracting sunroof. All models were front-wheel drive (FWD). The GTS trims were introduced for the 2003 model year. For the 2005 model year, the RS trim was discontinued and a special "Remix Edition" GS trim package was introduced, which included chrome wheels, identifying placards, and
7905-584: Was for the purpose of offsetting the additional weight of the AWD mechanism (approximately 2,930 lbs Vs 2,570 lbs GVW). However, 1991 and later years of both turbo models standardized on the 195 hp version 4G63T . The automatic models were rated at 180 hp (130 kW) due to smaller fuel-injectors and turbocharger. These models varied significantly in drivetrains and available options, and included some variance in appearance, as higher trim lines added different front and rear fascia panels and surrounding trim, with
7998-469: Was known as Diamond-Star Motors (DSM). In Japan, the first two generations were sold at a specific Japanese retail chain called Mitsubishi Car Plaza . The third, 2000–2005 generation shared a redesigned platform with the Chrysler Sebring and Dodge Stratus . In May 2005, the fourth, and final generation Eclipse was introduced, replacing the Chrysler platform used for the third generation with
8091-509: Was marketed as an entry to the mid-level four-cylinder sports coupe segment. It was developed for the North American market, where sales began in the autumn of 1989. Japanese sales of cars imported from Illinois began in 1990, and in late 1991 limited European sales began. At first, the car was only sold in Austria, Sweden, and Switzerland, but other countries were gradually added. Five trim levels were available; all were front-wheel drive except
8184-591: Was not a limited-slip differential, but a system composed of two freewheels , which sent the whole of the engine power to the slower-turning of the two wheels. Limited-slip differentials were widely introduced by U.S. automakers in the late 1950s and were marketed under a wide variety of trademarked names. In early 1956, Packard introduced a clutch-type limited-slip differential under the Twin Traction trademark, promoting it as an aid for driving in severe winter weather. In 1957, General Motors (GM) introduced
8277-413: Was offered in various trim levels. Standard equipment would slightly throughout the production run as some items that were optional on certain trims became standard later in the production run. Each trim level came with a standard list of equipment; however, optional equipment packages were also available to add popular and premium features, most commonly found on the GS model. In addition, optional equipment
8370-417: Was only offered with the 420A engine. A unique version of the 2G Eclipse was sold in some European countries. It used a naturally-aspirated Mitsubishi 4G63 motor, similar to what was available in the 1G, unique side-view mirrors, and amber rear turn signals. A minor style revision was applied for the 1997 model year . The front grille opening was given a more aggressive profile. The headlights were given
8463-419: Was redesigned in 1994 (for the 1995 model year) and included standard dual airbags, more rounded styling, a larger interior, and a new engine made by Chrysler for the base model. The second-generation car maintained the market focus of the first-generation car but had numerous changes to appeal to a broader market. A convertible model, named the Eclipse Spyder, was introduced in 1996 and offered in two trim levels;
8556-407: Was replaced by the second generation model for the 1995 model year. The Eclipse was available in five trim levels during its first-generation production run. AWD models were not available until halfway through the first model year. * The 1990 GS Turbo with a manual transmission was rated at 190 hp, whereas the 1990 GSX with a manual transmission was rated at 195 hp (145 kW). This
8649-477: Was updated for more power as compared to the previous generation (210 hp (157 kW) vs. 195 hp (145 kW)). The naturally-aspirated cars had two different I4 engines depending on the market. The US version engines produced 140 hp, found only in the RS and GS trims, and were a modified version of the Chrysler Neon engine , the 420A, manufactured by Chrysler and delivered to and installed at
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