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42-803: Mitr Phol Sugar Corp is a privately owned group of companies, mainly owned by the Vongkusolkit family . As of 2014, Mitr Phol is ranked as the world's fifth largest sugar producer , and the largest producer in Asia. It is Thailand's largest sugar producer and the second largest in China through its joint venture company East Asia Sugar. In addition to Thailand and China, Mitr Phol has operations and investments in Lao PDR, Cambodia, and most recently Australia. Its key business units include sugar, wood substitute materials, and renewable energy . Mitr Phol sugar business

84-656: A city state. The short vernacular name was Satingpra, coming from the Mon-Khmer sting / steng / stang (meaning "river") and the Sanskrit pura ("city"). The ruins of the important port city of Satingpra are just few kilometres north of Songkhla city. During 1619-1680, Songkhla Town beside Red Hill was very prosperous in trading with other countries by Malay governors migrating from Indonesia . They escaped from Dutch’s monopoly tradefor free trade in Songkhla which

126-538: A crystal from a merchant. While trying to swim ashore, both the cat and the mouse drowned and became the two islands; the dog reached the beach, then died and become the hill Khao Tang Kuan . The crystal turned into the white sandy beach. The name Songkhla is actually the Thai corruption of Singgora ( Jawi : سيڠڬورا); its original name means "the city of lions" in Malay (not to be confused with Singapura ). This refers to

168-602: A lion-shaped mountain near the city of Songkhla. Songkhla was the seat of an old Malay Kingdom with heavy Srivijayan influence. In ancient times (200–1400 CE), Songkhla formed the northern extremity of the Malay Kingdom of Langkasuka . The city-state then succeeded as the Sultanate of Singgora , it later became a tributary of Nakhon Si Thammarat , suffering damage during several attempts to gain independence. In Arabic-Persian merchant’s record from 1450-1550, Songkhla

210-580: A processing capacity of 23,000 tonnes per day. In 2006, Mitr Phol broadened its production to Savannakhet province , Laos and established Mitr Lao Sugar Co., Ltd. to develop sugarcane farming with advanced production technology to export to the European Union . Mitr Phol further expanded its investments to Queensland , Australia. In 2020, the company was filed a class action lawsuit due to alleged violent eviction allegations in Cambodia in 2008–09,

252-478: A south–north extent of 78 kilometers. At its mouth on the Gulf of Thailand, near the city of Songkhla, the water becomes brackish. A small population of Irrawaddy dolphins live in the lake, but are in danger of extinction due to accidental capture by the nets of the local fishing industry. Songkhla province hosts three national parks. San Kala Khiri covers 143 km (55 sq mi) of mountain highlands on

294-607: Is considerably larger, with twice the population of Songkhla (163,072). This often leads to the misconception that Hat Yai is the provincial capital. The province is on the Malay Peninsula , on the coast of the Gulf of Thailand . The highest elevation is Khao Mai Kaeo at 821 meters. In the north of the province is Songkhla Lake , the largest natural lake in Thailand. This shallow lake covers an area of 1,040 km , and has

336-769: Is listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand, and the Erawan Group which owns various prime properties throughout the kingdom including the J.W. Marriott Bangkok Hotel, Ploenchit Center building, Amarin Plaza, and the Hyatt Erawan Hotel. Mitr Phol was awarded the Bonsucro Sustainability Award in 2015 for helping sugarcane farmers shift their focus to smart farming, reducing the cost of production by adopting new technology. In 2016,

378-407: Is one of the southern provinces ( changwat ) of Thailand . Neighboring provinces are (from west clockwise) Satun , Phatthalung , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Pattani , and Yala . To the south it borders Kedah and Perlis of Malaysia . In contrast to most other provinces, the capital Songkhla is not the largest city in the province. The much newer city of Hat Yai , with a population of 359,813,

420-550: Is the Tinsulanond Bridge, which crosses Songkhla Lake to connect the narrow land east of the lake at the coast with the main southern part of the province. With a length of 2.6 km it is the longest concrete bridge in Thailand. Built in 1986, the bridge consists of two parts. The southern 1,140 m connects Mueang district with the island Ko Yo, and the northern part of 1,800 m to Ban Khao Khiao. Kanchanawanit Road, which runs from Songkhla town, though Hat Yai, and all

462-564: Is the largest biomass electricity producer in ASEAN and the largest ethanol producer in ASEAN. Mitr Phol's subsidiary company Mitr Phol Bio-Fuel Co., Ltd., has four ethanol plants with total capacity of 1,100,000 liters per day in Suphan Buri, Chaiyaphum, Kalasin , and Tak provinces. Molasses , a waste product from the production of sugar, is used as feed stock to produce ethanol which

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504-586: Is the provincial aquatic life. Songkhla is divided into 16 districts ( amphoe ), which are further subdivided into 127 subdistricts ( tambon ) and 987 villages ( muban ). The districts of Chana (Malay: Chenok ), Thepha (Malay: Tiba ) were detached from Mueang Pattani and transferred to Songkhla during the Thesaphiban reforms around 1900. As of 26 November 2019 there are: one Songkhla Provincial Administration Organisation ( ongkan borihan suan changwat ) and 48 municipal ( thesaban ) areas in

546-515: Is to be invested from 2016 to 2020. A subsidiary company, Panel Plus Co. Ltd., manufactures particle board and MDF panels from bagasse and rubber wood chips. According to the company, it has the capacity to produce 300,000 cubic metres of particle board a year, 300,000 cubic metres of medium density fibre boards a year, and 23,500,000 square metres of melamine impregnated panels. It has plants in Chaiyaphum and Songkhla provinces. The group

588-422: Is up over 2017. Mitr Phol has normal capital expenditure at around six billion baht per year. However, in 2016, 28 billion baht will be spent on the sugar business to develop its facilities and water system. Fifteen billion baht will be spent on renewable energy business, three billion baht on wood substitutes, 3.6 billion baht on overseas businesses, and 800 million baht to develop its logistics system. This budget

630-508: Is used for blending in fuel as gasohol. Mitr Phol Bio-Fuel is Thailand's largest ethanol producer. Another Mitr Phol subsidiary is Mitr Phol Bio-Power Co., Ltd. which runs several biomass power plants attached to sugar mills. These plants burn the bagasse from crushed sugar cane in order to power steam turbines to generate the power needed for the mill. Excess electricity is sold to the national power grid. The Vongkusolkit family's related businesses include Banpu Public Company Limited , which

672-564: The Chinese Lunar festival the Thai-Chinese present their offerings to the moon or Queen of the heavens in gratitude for past and future fortunes. Songkhla was not initially affected by the outbreak of Pattani Separatism , which began in 2004. However, bombs planted in 2005 and 2007 stoked fears the insurgency might spread to Songkhla province. As of 2018 , the provisions of Thailand's Internal Security Act remain imposed on

714-475: The Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017. The most important Buddhist temple of the province is Wat Matchimawat (also named Wat Klang), on Saiburi road in the city of Songkhla itself. On the island Ko Yo within Songkhla lake, since being easily accessible via

756-448: The sugar , coal and hospitality industries through its major holdings Mitr Phol , Banpu and The Erawan Group . The family, headed by Isara Vongkusolkit , is ranked by Forbes as the 24th richest in Thailand as of 2021. This Thailand -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Songkhla province Songkhla ( Thai : สงขลา , pronounced [sǒŋ.kʰlǎː] , Malay : Singgora )

798-538: The "Mitr Lao mill" is in Savannakhet province . In 2012, Mitr Phol acquired a stake in the Australian sugar producer, MSF Sugar Limited. Mitr Phol's 2018 revenues are expected to be 90 billion baht . Sugar production accounts for 50 billion baht of the total and the remainder is contributed by its peripheral businesses. Revenues are flat due to low world sugar prices (US$ 0.26 per kilogram), but 2018 production

840-741: The Ministry of Public Health. Songklanagarind Hospital is also another major hospital located in Hat Yai, but is operated by the Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University , which is the largest medical school in the South of Thailand. Songkhla province is an energy hub. It earns 100 billion baht each year from a gas separation plant, power generation, and oil. The gas separation plant sells 35 billion baht worth of gas per year to EGAT . Power generation accounts for 45 billion baht. Offshore oil rigs in

882-776: The Thai side and Padang Besar on the Malay side. Immigration is done on the Malay side. The other route from Hat Yai Junction goes further south to Pattani (Khok Pho) , Yala , Tanyong Mat and Su-ngai Kolok . In the past, a railway line connected the town of Songkhla with Hat Yai, but it was closed in 1978 and is now partly dismantled and partly overgrown. Songkhla is served by Hat Yai International Airport in Khlong Hoi Khong District . Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using

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924-535: The Thai-Malay border. Khao Nam Khang with an area of 212 km (82 sq mi) is also in the boundary mountains. Namtok Sai Khao on the Pattani-Songkhla border occupies an area of 70 km (27 sq mi). The total forest area is 866 km (334 sq mi) or 11.2 percent of provincial area. Chinese Communist guerrillas inhabited this region until the 1980s. Within

966-483: The Tinsulanond Bridge, the residents have started to sell the hand-woven fabric named Phathor Ko Yo . Also famous for the island is the local jackfruit variant named Jampada . Held in the first night of October, the Chak Phra tradition is a Buddhist festival specific to the south of Thailand. It is celebrated with Buddha boat processions or sports events like a run up Khao Tang Kuan hill. In September or October at

1008-404: The boundaries of the city of Songkhla is Cape Samila Beach, the most popular beach in the province. The famous mermaid statue can be found here. The two islands Ko Nu and Ko Maew (Mouse and Cat Islands), not far from the beach, are also popular landmarks, and a preferred fishing ground. According to a local folk tale, a cat, mouse and dog were traveling on a Chinese ship, when they attempted to steal

1050-409: The current location of Songkhla town. In 1836, King Rama III instructed Phraya Vichiankiri (Tianseng) to build the city wall fortress. During the construction of the wall, Tuanku Ahmadsa-adtogether with the rulers from Syburi, Pattani and 7 other provinces, attacked Songkhla. After their conquering all the rebellion, the fortress and the city wall were carried on. Also, the city pillar was set up and

1092-554: The districts of Chana, Na Thawi, Saba Yoi, and Thepha for reasons of national security. All but Chana share a border with Malaysia or Pattani province (Malay majority). Internal security restrictions, maintained by Thailand's Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) can result in curfews, prohibited entry, or prohibited transport of goods. It is considered one step below the imposition of full martial law . Songkhla football club participates in Thai League 3 Southern Region,

1134-697: The first mill in Thailand certified by ISO 9002 and has been recognized with a National Certificate of Excellence and Global Standards. In 1995, Mitr Phol took over a sugar company in Phu Wiang district , Khon Kaen province and named it Mitr Phol Phu Wiang Sugar Mill. In 1997, Mitr Phol constructed a sugar mill in Hai Tung County, China. Later in the same year, Mitr Kalasin Sugar Mill was established, in Kuchinarai district , Kalasin province , with

1176-616: The first transboundary lawsuit of its kind in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, Mitr Phol has seven sugar mills , with a total processing capacity of 130,500 tons of sugar cane daily. Some mills have refineries attached and produce white sugar. The locations are: The yearly sugar cane processing capacity is about 20 million tonnes, yielding a sugar output of approximately two million tonnes per year. Outside Thailand, Mitr Phol has seven sugar mills in Guangxi province, China. In Laos,

1218-446: The group became the first company in Thailand and the second firm in Asia to be certified by Bonsucro, an international not for-profit organisation that promotes sustainable sugar cane. Its aim is to reduce the environmental and social impacts of sugarcane production. The group has won numerous other awards. Vongkusolkit family The Vongkusolkit family ( Thai : ว่องกุศลกิจ ) is a Sino-Thai business family. It does business in

1260-565: The language Songkhla Malay which is a derivative of Kelantan-Pattani Malay . The provincial seal shows a conch shell on a Phan (tray) with glass decorations. The origin of the conch shell is unclear, but the most widely adopted interpretation is that it was a decoration on the jacket of the Prince of Songkhla. The provincial tree is the Sa-dao-thiam ( Azadirachta excelsa ). The brackish fish green scat ( Scatophagus argus )

1302-527: The population, most of whom are of native Thai or Thai Chinese descent. One-fourth to one-third of the population are Muslim , most of them belong to a Thai-speaking Muslim group, called Sam-Sam ( 'mixed' ). People claiming to be of Malay ethnicity make up a minority among the Muslim populace. The Songkhla Malays are very similar in ethnicity and culture to the Malays of Kelantan , Malaysia . They speak

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1344-508: The province. Songkhla and Hat Yai have city ( thesaban nakhon ) status. Further 11 have town ( thesaban mueang ) status and there are 35 subdistrict municipalities ( thesaban tambon ). The non-municipal areas are administered by 92 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO ( ongkan borihan suan tambon ). Songkhla is served by a larger number of public hospitals than private hospitals. The main hospitals for Songkhla province are Hatyai Hospital and Songkhla Hospital , both operated by

1386-474: The provinces north of that. In the 18th century many Chinese immigrants, especially from Guangdong and Fujian , came to the province. Quickly rising to economic wealth, one of them won the bidding for the major tax farm of the province in 1769, establishing the Na Songkhla ( from Songkhla ) family as the most wealthy and influential. In 1777 the family also gained political power, when the old governor

1428-492: The town of Songkhla was moved to the east of Laem Son called Bo Yang District, which is now in the area of Songkhla Municipality. Since the 18th century, Songkla has been firmly under Thai suzerainty . In 1909, Songkhla was formally annexed by Siam as part of Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 , negotiated with the British Empire , in which Siam gave up its claim to Kelantan in return for Britain recognizing Siam's right to

1470-521: The vicinity of Ko Nu produce 20,000 barrels of oil per day worth 30 billion baht per year. If a proposed coal-fired electrical generation plan in Thepha District goes ahead, energy earnings could rise to 300 billion baht per year. Phet Kasem Road , running all the way from Bangkok, ends at the border crossing to Malaysia in Sadao. Asian highway 2 and 18 also run through the province. Of note

1512-599: The way to the Malaysian border at Sadao District, is considered the unofficial dividing line separating the Thai south from its deep south, Muslim-majority region. The southern railway operated by the State Railway of Thailand runs through the province, and continues on into Malaysia, with Hat Yai Junction being the main railway station. It is a junction for the railway link to Malaysia through Padang Besar Town , where there are two stations: Padang Besar (Thai) on

1554-601: Was converted into the Songkhla National Museum in 1953. In 1932, Monthon Thesaphiban or the administrative subdivisions was dissolved and changed to provincial administration, Songkhla then becomes one of the provinces in the south of Thailand. Songkhla was the scene of heavy fighting when the Imperial Japanese Army invaded Thailand on 8 December 1941 and parts of the city were destroyed. Buddhists make up two-thirds to three-fourths of

1596-436: Was dismissed and Luang Inthakhiri (Yiang, Chinese name Wu Rang (呉譲)) became the new governor. In 1786 the old governor started an uprising, which was put down after four months. The position was thereafter inherited in the family and was held by eight of his descendants until 1901, when Phraya Wichiankhiri (Chom) was honorably retired as part of the administrative reforms of Prince Damrong Rajanubhab . The family's former home

1638-590: Was established as a small family business in Ban Pong district , Ratchaburi province , producing and trading condensed syrup to sugar mills in 1946. In 1956, the company began to produce its own sugar. In 1983, Mitr Phu Kieo Sugar Mill was constructed in Phu Khiao district , Chaiyaphum province , with a sugarcane processing capacity of 27,000 tonnes per day. In 1990, Mitr Phol Sugar Mill in Suphan Buri province

1680-454: Was established with a processing capacity of 45,500 tonnes per day. The company expanded its business internationally in 1993 to Guangxi province, China with four mills. Mitr Phol owns seven sugar mills in Guangxi and with an annual capacity of approximately 10 million tonnes of cane, or approximately 1.3 million tonnes of sugar per year. In 1994, Mitr Phol Sugar Mill (Suphanburi province) was

1722-449: Was firstly known as Singor or Singora. Archaeological excavations on the isthmus between Lake Songkhla and the sea reveal that in the 10th through the 14th century this was a major urbanized area, and a center of international maritime trade, in particular with Quanzhou in China. The long Sanskrit name of the state that existed there has been lost; its short Sanskrit name was Singhapura ("Lion City") (not to be confused with Singapura ),

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1764-459: Was supported by England . At the first period, during 1619-1642 the governor of Songkhla was Muslim . Later, In 1642-1680 the governor of Songkhla rebelled to Ayutthaya so the town was suppressed by King Narai and left carelessly. Then, Phatthalung took control of it. From 1699 to 1776, Songkhla reformed at the new location in Laemson called Songkhla Town at Laemson Side which is opposite to

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