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32-577: Mianning County has a long history of being a multi-ethnic region. The Annals of Mianning County ( 冕宁县志 ), published during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor (1850-1861), listed a number of major ethnic groups in the region, including the Tosu , Lizu , Yi , and the Namuzi peoples. Mianning County administers 1 subdistrict , 15 towns , 2 townships , and 1 ethnic township . A large number of

64-651: A 70-meter (230 ft)-tall stone Chinese pagoda , one of the tallest in China, built in 1751 during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor . The pagoda is shaped with an octagonal base, while the pagoda's nine stories are decorated with colorful glazed tiles and the steeple is crowned with a gilded round spire . In December 1994 the Mountain Resort was listed by UNESCO on its list of World Heritage Sites . The 2018 Women's Bandy World Championship

96-518: A large difference in temperature between day and night. In winter, it is cold and has little snow. It has many thundershowers in summer, leading to few hot periods. Chengde Mountain Resort is suitable for traveling in every season, but best from April to October. The Mountain Resort is most famous for the 72 scenic spots which were named by the Kangxi and Qianlong emperors. Many of the scenic spots around

128-782: A trend present until the fall of the Qing dynasty. Empress Imperial Noble Consort Noble Consort Consort Concubine First Class Attendant Enthroned in 1626 as Khan , Hong Taiji changed the dynastic name to "Great Qing" in 1636 and claimed the title of emperor. In 1644, the Shunzhi Emperor began to rule over China proper , replacing the Ming dynasty . Chengde Mountain Resort Chengde Mountain Resort ( Chinese : 承德避暑山庄 ; Manchu : [REDACTED] Halhūn be jailara gurung )

160-579: A while it seemed that Beijing would fall next; but the Taiping northern expedition was defeated and the situation stabilized. The Xianfeng Emperor dispatched several prominent mandarins , such as Zeng Guofan and the Mongol general Sengge Rinchen , to crush the rebellions, but they only obtained limited success. The biggest revolt of the Miao people against Chinese rule in history started in 1854, and ravaged

192-550: A year here to escape the summer heat in the capital city of Beijing and the palace zone in the southern part of the resort was therefore designed to resemble the Forbidden City in Beijing. It consists of two parts: a court in front, where the emperor received high officials, nobles of various minority nationalities, and foreign envoys; and bed chambers in the rear, which were the imperial family's living quarters, notably

224-431: Is a culmination of all the variety of gardens, pagodas, temples and palaces from various regions of China. In 1994, The Mountain Resort was awarded World Heritage Site status. Chengde is one of China's four famous gardens, national relic protection unit and Class 5A Tourist Attractions in China. Chengde Mountain Resort is also sometimes called Rehe Xinggong (热河行宫) or Ligong ( 离宫 ). Built between 1703 and 1792 during

256-548: Is a large complex of imperial palaces and gardens situated in the Shuangqiao District of Chengde in northeastern Hebei province, northern China , about 225 kilometres (140 mi) northeast of China's capital Beijing . This resort was frequently used as a summer palace during the Qing dynasty . Because of its vast and rich collection of Chinese landscapes and architecture , Chengde Mountain Resort in many ways

288-487: Is known posthumously as Empress Xiaoquancheng . Yizhu was reputed to have an ability in literature and administration which surpassed most of his brothers, which impressed his father, who therefore decided to make him his successor. Yizhu succeeded the throne in 1850, at age 19, and was a relatively young emperor. He inherited a dynasty that faced not only internal but also foreign challenges. Yizhu's reign title , "Xianfeng", which means "universal prosperity", did not reflect

320-615: The Battle of Palikao , Sengge Rinchen's 10,000 troops, including his elite Mongol cavalrymen, were completely annihilated after several doomed frontal charges against the concentrated firepower of the Anglo-French forces, which entered Beijing on 6 October. On 18 October 1860, British and French forces sacked and burnt Old Summer Palace . Upon learning about this news, the Xianfeng Emperor's health quickly deteriorated. During

352-661: The Convention of Peking was negotiated in his absence. His health was already in rapid decline in the face of mounting Qing losses. He died in 1861 in Jehol at the age of 30 and was succeeded by his six-year-old son, who assumed the throne as the Tongzhi Emperor . On his deathbed, the Xianfeng Emperor appointed eight men to a regency council to assist his young successor. A few months later, Empress Dowager Cixi and Empress Dowager Ci'an along with Prince Gong instigated

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384-717: The Nian Rebellion started in North China . Unlike the Christian-influenced Taiping rebels, the Nian movement lacked a clear political program, but they became a serious threat to the Qing capital, Beijing , with the mobility of their cavalry-based armies. The Qing imperial forces suffered repeated defeats at the hands of both rebel movements. In 1853, the Taiping rebels captured Nanjing and for

416-452: The Qing dynasty , the Mountain Resort took 89 years to complete. It covers a total area of 5.6 km (2.2 sq mi), almost half of Chengde's urban area. It is a vast complex of palaces and administrative and ceremonial buildings. Temples of various architectural styles and imperial gardens blend harmoniously into a landscape of lakes, pastureland and forests. The Kangxi , Qianlong and Jiaqing emperors often spent several months

448-812: The Xinyou Coup and ousted the regents. Cixi ultimately rose to sole power and consolidated control over the Qing government. Yizhu was born in 1831 at the Old Summer Palace , eight kilometres northwest of Beijing . He was from the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, and was the fourth son of the Daoguang Emperor . His mother was the Noble Consort Quan , of the Manchu Niohuru clan, who was made Empress in 1834, and

480-574: The European powers. He delegated Prince Gong for several negotiations but relations broke down completely when a British diplomat, Sir Harry Parkes , was taken hostage by Chinese forces during negotiations on 18 September. Anglo-French forces clashed with Sengge Rinchen's Mongol cavalry on 18 September near Zhangjiawan before proceeding toward the outskirts of Beijing for a decisive battle in Tongzhou District, Beijing . On 21 September, at

512-710: The Taiping Rebellion broke out in southern China and rapidly spread, culminating in the fall of Nanjing in 1853. Contemporaneously, the Nian Rebellion began in the north, followed by ethnic uprisings (the Miao Rebellion and the Panthay Rebellion ) in the south. The revolts ravaged large parts of the country, caused millions of deaths and would not be quelled until well into the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor's successor. Qing defeat during

544-585: The Tosu ethnic group, which comprises about 2,000 people, live throughout Mianning County. Sizable clusters of Tosu people are located within Gaoyang Subdistrict, the former town of Houshan (后山镇, now part of Shilong ), Fuxing , Hui'an , the former township of Haha (哈哈乡, now part of Gaoyang Subdistrict and Ruoshui ), the former township of Linli (林里乡, now part of Fuxing), and the former town of Shaba (沙坝镇, now part of Manshuiwan ). Two of

576-406: The Xianfeng Emperor had summoned Sushun and his supporters to his bedside and gave them an imperial edict that dictated the power structure during his son's minority. The edict appointed eight men – Zaiyuan , Duanhua , Jingshou , Sushun , Muyin , Kuang Yuan, Du Han and Jiao Youying – as an eight-member regency council to aid Zaichun, who was later enthroned as the Tongzhi Emperor . Xianfeng gave

608-756: The Xianfeng Emperor's reign, China lost part of Manchuria to the Russian Empire . In 1858, according to the Treaty of Aigun , the territory between the Stanovoy Range and the Amur River was ceded to Russia, and in 1860, according to the Treaty of Beijing , the same thing happened also to the area east of the Ussuri River. After that treaty, the Russians founded the city of Vladivostok in

640-653: The Yanbozhishuang Hall, where the Kangxi Emperor spent a total of 12 summers while the Qianlong Emperor spent 52 summers in the hall during the course of their reign. The Jiaqing and Xianfeng emperors both died while staying at Chengde in 1820 and 1861 respectively. Chengde Mountain Resort is located in the transition zone from warm temperate zone to cold temperate zone. It has semi - temperate, semi - arid continental monsoon climate. It has

672-414: The area they had annexed. While negotiations with British, French and Russian officials were being held, the Xianfeng Emperor and his imperial entourage fled to Jehol province in the name of conducting the annual imperial hunting expedition. As his health worsened, the emperor's ability to govern also deteriorated, and competing ideologies in court led to the formation of two distinct factions — one led by

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704-423: The eight men the power of regency, but their edicts would have to be endorsed by Noble Consort Yi and Empress Consort Zhen. By tradition, after the death of an emperor, the emperor's body was to be accompanied to the capital by the regents. Noble Consort Yi and Empress Consort Zhen , who were now known as Empress Dowagers Cixi and Ci'an travelled ahead to Beijing and planned a coup with Prince Gong that ousted

736-578: The eight regents. Empress Dowager Cixi then effectively ruled China over the subsequent 47 years as a regent. The Xianfeng Emperor was interred in the Eastern Qing Tombs , 125 kilometres/75 miles east of Beijing , in the Ding (定; lit. "Quietude") mausoleum complex. The Qing dynasty continued to decline during the reign of the Xianfeng Emperor. Rebellions in the country, which began the first year of his reign, would not be quelled until well into

768-560: The establishment of diplomatic relations as an offence. When the Europeans introduced the long-held concept of an exchanged consular relationship, the Xianfeng Emperor quickly rebuffed the idea. At the time of his death, he had not met with any foreign dignitary. Despite his tumultuous decade of reign, the Xianfeng Emperor was commonly seen as the last Qing emperor to have held paramount authority, ruling in his own right. The reigns of his son and subsequent successors were overseen by regents,

800-481: The first phase of the Second Opium War led to the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Aigun , the latter of which resulted in the cession of much of Manchuria to the Russian Empire . Negotiations broke down and hostilities resumed soon after, and in 1860 Anglo-French forces entered Beijing and burned the Old Summer Palace . The Xianfeng Emperor was forced to flee for the imperial estate at Jehol , and

832-727: The region until finally put down in 1873. In 1856, an attempt to regain Nanjing was defeated and the Panthay Rebellion broke out in Yunnan . Meanwhile, an initially minor incident on the coasts triggered the Second Opium War . The British and French, after engaging in a number of minor military confrontations on the coast near Tianjin , attempted to start negotiations with the Qing government. The Xianfeng Emperor believed in Chinese superiority and would not agree to any demands from

864-470: The reign of the Tongzhi Emperor and resulted in millions of deaths. The Xianfeng Emperor also had to deal with the British and French and their ever-growing appetite to expand trade further into China. The Xianfeng Emperor, like his father, the Daoguang Emperor , understood very little about Europeans and their mindset. He viewed non-Chinese as inferior and regarded the repeated requests by the Europeans for

896-713: The resort's lake area were copied from famous landscaped gardens in southern China. For instance, the main building on the Green Lotus Island, "Tower of Mist and Rain," ( 烟雨楼 ; 煙雨樓 ; Yānyǔ Lóu ) is modeled upon a tower at the Nanhu Lake at Jiaxing in Zhejiang Province. The resort's plain area also possesses characteristics of the scenery of the Mongolian grasslands . Forested mountains and valleys are dotted with various buildings. This includes

928-627: The senior official Sushun and the princes Zaiyuan and Duanhua , and the other led by Noble Consort Yi , who was supported by the general Ronglu and the Bannermen of the Yehe Nara clan . The Xianfeng Emperor died on 22 August 1861, from a short life of overindulgence, at the Chengde Mountain Resort , 230 kilometres northeast of Beijing . His successor was his surviving five-year-old son, Zaichun . A day before his death,

960-579: The situation. In 1850, the first of a series of popular rebellions began that would nearly destroy the Qing dynasty. The Taiping Rebellion began in December 1850, when Hong Xiuquan , a Hakka leader of a syncretic Christian sect, defeated local forces sent to disperse his followers. Hong then proclaimed the establishment of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the rebellion spread to several provinces with amazing speed. The following year,

992-760: The three Ersuic languages , the critically endangered Tosu language , and the Lizu language , are spoken within Mianning County. A 2013 survey found nine partial speakers of the Tosu language, all of whom lived in Mianning County, and were proficient in Southwestern Mandarin , which they used for daily life. This Sichuan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Xianfeng Emperor The Xianfeng Emperor (17 July 1831 – 22 August 1861), also known by his temple name Emperor Wenzong of Qing , personal name Yizhu ,

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1024-530: Was the ninth emperor of the Qing dynasty , and the seventh Qing emperor to rule over China proper . During his reign, the Qing dynasty experienced several wars and rebellions including the Taiping Rebellion , the Nian Rebellion , and the Second Opium War . He was the last Chinese emperor to exercise sole power. The fourth son of the Daoguang Emperor , he assumed the throne in 1850 and inherited an empire in crisis. A few months after his ascension,

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