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98-567: Michael Graves (July 9, 1934 – March 12, 2015) was an American architect, designer, and educator, and principal of Michael Graves and Associates and Michael Graves Design Group. He was a member of The New York Five and the Memphis Group and a professor of architecture at Princeton University for nearly forty years. Following his own partial paralysis in 2003, Graves became an internationally recognized advocate of health care design. Graves' global portfolio of architectural work ranged from

196-536: A township and a borough . The central borough was completely surrounded by the township. The borough seceded from the township in 1894 in a dispute over school taxes; the two municipalities later formed the Princeton Public Schools , and some other public services were conducted together before they were reunited into a single Princeton in January 2013. Princeton Borough contained Nassau Street ,

294-631: A "radical departure" from his earlier work. The Plocek Residence (1977), a private home in Warren Township, New Jersey , was among the first of his designs in this new style. Graves designed some of his most iconic buildings in the early 1980s, including the Portland Building . The fifteen-story Portland Municipal Services Building, his first major public commission, opened in 1982 in downtown Portland, Oregon . The "monolithic cube" with decorated facades and colorful, oversized columns

392-567: A "reluctant health expert," as well as an internationally recognized advocate for accessible design . In 2013, President Barack Obama appointed Graves to an administrative role in the Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board (also known as the Access Board ). The independent agency addresses accessibility concerns for people with disabilities. In 2014, a year before his death, Graves helped to establish and plan

490-578: A Target executive who appreciated his product designs. (The Target Corporation contributed $ 6 million toward restoration of the monument.) The result of their acquaintance was the formation of a business relationship between Graves and the U.S. retailer that lasted until 2012. Graves began the collaboration with Target by designing a half-dozen products for the mass-consumer market. His collection of housewares began selling in Target stores in January 1999. In 1998, Target Corporation commissioned Graves to design

588-668: A career that spanned nearly fifty years, Graves and his firm designed more than 350 buildings around the world, and an estimated 2,000 household products. In 1962, after two years of studies in Rome, Graves returned to the United States and moved to Princeton, New Jersey , where he accepted a professorship at the Princeton University School of Architecture . Graves taught at Princeton for thirty-nine years while simultaneously practicing architecture. He retired as

686-413: A four-year term of office, serves as Princeton's chief executive officer and nominates appointees to various boards and commissions subject to approval of the council. The mayor presides at council meetings and votes in the case of a tie or a few other specific cases. The council consists of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in

784-457: A model home to showcase the new line of housewares, but Graves went a step further. He designed "Cedar Gables," contemporary house in Minnetonka, Minnesota , complete with custom furniture, lighting, fixtures, and other unique items, making it only one of three homes he designed and furnished. By 2009, however, Graves noted that the house "doesn't have a wow factor. That gets old quickly." When

882-573: A noted designer of consumer products. His distinctive style was well known among the general public in the United States in 1980s and 1990s, when he began designing household products for major clients such as the Target Corporation , Alessi , Steuben, and The Walt Disney Company . Over the years, the Michael Graves Design Group, a part of his design firm, designed and brought to market more than 2,000 products. In

980-486: A partisan basis as part of the November general election. The mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The borough council includes six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle. The borough form of government used by Princeton is a " weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as

1078-586: A preface by Drexler and critical essays by Colin Rowe and Kenneth Frampton . Later editions included a postscript by Philip Johnson . The name "Whites" was used to refer to the group in the architectural press by 1973. Michael Graves later stated that he did not know who originally coined "the Whites," but Philip Johnson was the first to refer to the group as "the New York Five." "The Whites" describes

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1176-706: A professor of architecture at Princeton University in 2001, but remained active in his architecture and design firm. He also became an advocate for the disabled in the last decade of his life. When Graves became paralyzed from the waist down in 2003, the result of a spinal cord infection, the use of a wheelchair heightened his awareness of the needs of the disabled. After weeks of hospitalization and physical therapy, Graves adapted his home to suit his accessibility needs and resumed his architectural and design work. In addition to other types of buildings and household products, Graves designed wheelchairs, hospital furnishings, hospitals, and disabled veteran's housing. Graves also became

1274-508: A relatively high number of speakers of Scandinavian languages (425 speakers), Italian (465 speakers), and German (1,000 speakers). Princeton is governed under the borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 564) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey. The governing body is comprised of the mayor and the borough council, with all positions elected at-large on

1372-414: A smaller government structure. The merger was the first in the state since 1997, when Pahaquarry Township voted to consolidate with Hardwick Township The consolidation took effect on January 1, 2013. Princeton is located in the 12th Congressional District and is part of New Jersey's 16th state legislative district. For the 118th United States Congress , New Jersey's 12th congressional district

1470-568: A special edition version with a dragon replacing the kettle's bird-shaped whistle. In Italy in 1987, clock on display Apollodoro Gallery , seventh event The Hour of Architects , with Hans Hollei , Arata Isozaki , Ettore Sottsass , Paolo Portoghesi , paintings by Paolo Salvati , Rome . In 1997–98, when Graves designed the scaffolding used in the restoration of the Washington Monument in Washington D.C. , he met Ron Johnson,

1568-411: A struggle that lasted nearly fifty years. The first failed attempt to consolidate borough and township was made in 1953, with 63% of township voters in favor of a merger and 57% of borough voters opposed. Subsequent attempts were voted down by borough residents, in large part due to different zoning needs of the densely populated borough versus the more widely-spaced properties of the township (surrounding

1666-418: A three-year cycle. The council has administrative powers and is the policy-making body for Princeton. The council approves appointments made by the mayor. Council members serve on various boards and committees and act as liaisons to certain departments, committees or boards. As of 2024 , the mayor of Princeton is Democrat Mark Freda, who is serving a four-year term expiring on December 31, 2023. Members of

1764-536: A total of 18,049 registered voters in Princeton (a sum of the former borough and township's voters), of which 9,184 (50.9%) were registered as Democrats , 2,140 (11.9%) were registered as Republicans and 6,703 (37.1%) were registered as unaffiliated . There were 22 voters registered as Libertarians or Greens . In both the 2016 and 2020 presidential elections, the Democratic nominee received over 80% of

1862-512: A turning point in his career, and he was no longer known solely as an architect. After the $ 25,000 tea service began to attract buyers, Alberto Alessi commissioned Graves to design a moderate-priced kettle for his company. In 1985 Graves designed his iconic a stainless-steel teakettle (9093 stovetop kettle). The kettle featured a red, bird-shaped whistle at the end of the spout. It remained the company's top-selling product for fifteen years. In honor of its thirtieth anniversary in 2015, Graves designed

1960-595: Is "considered a seminal Postmodern work" and one of Graves's best-known works of architecture. The celebrated but controversial municipal office also became an icon for the city of Portland and subject to an ongoing preservation debate. Regarded as the first major built example of postmodern architecture in a tall office building, the Portland Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011. Although it faced demolition in 2014,

2058-404: Is 24 to 30 inches (610 to 760 mm) and the average snowiest month is February which corresponds with the annual peak in nor'easter activity. According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Princeton, New Jersey, would have an Appalachian Oak ( 104 ) vegetation type with an Eastern Hardwood Forest ( 25 ) vegetation form. As of the 2010 United States census ,

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2156-566: Is a two-year public college serving Princeton residents and all those from Mercer County. Westminster Choir College , a school of music owned by Rider University since 1992, was established on a large campus in Princeton in 1932. Before relocating to Princeton, the school resided in Dayton, Ohio , and then briefly in Ithaca, New York . In 2012, Rider proposed a parking lot expansion on the Princeton campus that required cutting old-growth trees and

2254-511: Is owned by Princeton University and is leased to the Princeton Historical Society for one dollar per year. The house has kept its original staircase, flooring and paneled walls. Around 70% of the house has been unaltered. Aside from safety features such as wheelchair access and electrical work, the house has been restored to its original appearance and character. During the most stirring events in its history, Princeton

2352-691: Is represented by Bonnie Watson Coleman ( D , Ewing Township ). New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker ( Newark , term ends 2027) and George Helmy ( Mountain Lakes , term ends 2024). For the 2024-2025 session , the 16th legislative district of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the New Jersey Senate by Andrew Zwicker ( D , South Brunswick ) and in

2450-420: Is roughly equidistant from New York City and Philadelphia . It is close to many major highways that serve both cities (e.g., Interstate 95 and U.S. Route 1 ), and receives major television and radio broadcasts from each. It is also close to Trenton , New Jersey's capital city, New Brunswick and Edison . The New Jersey governor's official residence has been in Princeton since 1945, when Morven (in what

2548-871: Is the oldest and only coeducational Catholic school, joining Princeton Academy of the Sacred Heart (K–8, all male) and Stuart Country Day School of the Sacred Heart (coed for Pre-K, and all-female K–12), which operate under the supervision of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Trenton . Schools that are outside of Princeton but have Princeton addresses include the Wilberforce School , Chapin School in Lawrence Township , Princeton Junior School in Lawrence Township,

2646-596: The American Academy in Rome 's Prix de Rome ( Rome Prize ) and spent the next two years at the academy in Italy. Graves describes himself as "transformed" by his experience in Rome: "I discovered new ways of seeing and analyzing both architecture and landscape." Graves began his career in 1962 as a professor of architecture at Princeton University , where he taught for nearly four decades and later helped to establish

2744-542: The American Revolutionary War . The borough is the home of Princeton University , one of the world’s most acclaimed research universities, which bears its name and moved to the community in 1756 from the educational institution's previous location in Newark . Although its association with the university is primarily what makes Princeton a college town , other important institutions in the area include

2842-466: The Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township , both of which are now defunct. As of the 2020 United States census , the borough's population was 30,681, an increase of 2,109 (+7.4%) from the 2010 census combined count of 28,572. In the 2000 census , the two communities had a total population of 30,230, with 14,203 residents in the borough and 16,027 in the township. Princeton was founded before

2940-465: The General Assembly by Mitchelle Drulis (D, East Amwell Township ) and Roy Freiman (D, Hillsborough Township ). Mercer County is governed by a County Executive who oversees the day-to-day operations of the county and by a seven-member Board of County Commissioners that acts in a legislative capacity, setting policy. All officials are chosen at-large in partisan elections, with

3038-457: The Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory , Princeton Theological Seminary , Opinion Research Corporation , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Siemens Corporate Research , SRI International , FMC Corporation , Educational Testing Service , The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation , Amrep , Church and Dwight , Berlitz International , and Dow Jones & Company . Princeton

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3136-550: The Michael Graves College at Kean University in Union Township, New Jersey , and established his own architectural firm in 1964 at Princeton, New Jersey . Graves worked as an architect in public practice designing a variety of buildings that included private residences, university buildings, hotel resorts, hospitals, retail and commercial office buildings, museums, civic buildings, and monuments. During

3234-628: The Michael Graves College , which includes The School of Public Architecture at Kean University in Union Township, New Jersey . Kean University's Bachelor of Arts in Architectural Studies program began in 2015; its Master of Architecture program is slated to begin in 2019. As part of gift from Graves's estate, in 2016 the university acquired The Warehouse at 44 Patton Avenue in Princeton, New Jersey , Graves's former home and studio, and two adjacent buildings. The university plans to use

3332-570: The National Medal of Arts (1999) and the Driehaus Architecture Prize (2012). Graves produced both high end and mass consumer product designs for several companies, including Alessi in Italy and Target and J. C. Penney in the United States. The New York Times described Graves as "one of the most prominent and prolific American architects of the latter 20th century, who designed more than 350 buildings around

3430-908: The O'Reilly Theater (1996) in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania ; the NCAA Hall of Champions in Indianapolis, Indiana; and 425 Fifth Avenue (2000) in New York City, among others. Graves also received recognition for his multi-year renovation of his personal residence in Princeton. International projects included the Sheraton Miramar Hotel (1997) in El Gouna , Egypt , and the Hard Rock Hotel in Singapore . One of

3528-800: The Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Humana Building in Louisville, Kentucky . For his architectural work, Graves received a fellowship of the American Institute of Architects as well as its highest award, the AIA Gold Medal (2001). He was trustee of the American Academy in Rome and was the president of its Society of Fellows from 1980 to 1984. He received the American Prize for Architecture ,

3626-652: The Snyderman House in Fort Wayne (1972, destroyed by fire in 2002) . Graves also became one of the New York Five , along with Peter Eisenman , Charles Gwathmey , John Hejduk and Richard Meier . This informal group of Princeton and New York City architects, also known as the Whites due to the predominant color of their architectural work, espoused a pure form of modernism characterized by clean lines and minimal ornamentation. The New York Five became

3724-642: The University of Cincinnati . During college he also became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Graves earned a master's degree in architecture from Harvard University in 1959. After graduation from college, Graves spent a year working in George Nelson 's office. Nelson, a furniture designer and the creative director for Herman Miller , exposed Graves to the work of fellow designers Charles and Ray Eames and Alexander Girard . In 1960 Graves won

3822-871: The Walt Disney Company in the postmodern style. These include the Team Disney headquarters in Burbank, California ; the Dolphin (1987) and Swan (1988) resorts at Walt Disney World in Florida ; and Disney's Hotel New York (1989) at Disneyland Paris . Patrick Burke, the project architect for the two resort hotels in Florida, commented that the Walt Disney Company described Graves's designs as "entertainment architecture." In addition to

3920-644: The section on "government and politics" for more details about the 2011 merger of borough and township. Princeton is located just south of a long, curving ridge known as Princeton Ridge. As Princeton is in a low-lying area, there have been issues with cell phone signals. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , Princeton had a total area of 18.41 square miles (47.69 km ), including 17.95 square miles (46.48 km ) of land and 0.47 square miles (1.21 km ) of water (2.53%). Cedar Grove , Port Mercer , Princeton Basin, and Jugtown are unincorporated communities that have been absorbed into Greater Princeton over

4018-614: The "standard-bearers of a movement to elevate modernist architectural form into a serious theoretical pursuit." The book, Five Architects (1973) describes some of their early work. In the late 1970s, Graves shifted away from modernism to pursue Postmodernism and New Urbanism design for the remainder of his career. He began by sketching designs that had Cubist -inspired elements and strong, saturated colors. Postmodernism allowed Graves to introduce his humanist vision of classicism, as well as his sense of irony and humor. His designs, notable for their "playful style" and "colorful facades," were

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4116-597: The 1990s for example, Graves created the Mickey Mouse Gourmet Collection for Moeller Design with the Walt Disney Company's approval. The collection of kitchenware and tabletop items was initially sold through the Walt Disney Company's retail stores and later offered at other retail outlets. In 2013, Graves designed what became known as the “ Hitler teapot ” for department store JCPenney , which garnered controversy due to its perceived resemblance to Adolf Hitler . In addition to housewares, Graves

4214-468: The 20th best high school in New Jersey in its 2018 rankings of the "Top Public High Schools" in New Jersey. The school was also ranked as the 10th best school in New Jersey by U.S. News & World Report . Niche ranked Princeton High School as the 47th best public high school in America in its "2021 Best Public High Schools in America" rankings. In the early 1990s, redistricting occurred between

4312-698: The Borough Act of 1894, which required each township to form a single school district; rather than do so, Princeton Borough petitioned to be separated. (The two Princetons combined their public school systems in the decades before municipal consolidation.) Two minor boundary changes united the then site of the Princeton Hospital and of the Princeton Regional High School inside the Borough, in 1928 and 1951 respectively. See

4410-650: The British to evacuate southern New Jersey. After the victory, Princeton hosted the first Legislature under the State Constitution to decide the State's seal, governor and organization of its government. In addition, two of the original signers of the Declaration of Independence— Richard Stockton and John Witherspoon —lived in Princeton. Princetonians honored their citizens' legacy by naming two streets in

4508-570: The College of New Jersey and relocated to Princeton ten years later, Princeton University's main campus has its historic center on Nassau Street and stretches south from there. Its James Forrestal satellite campus is located in Plainsboro Township , and some playing fields lie within adjacent West Windsor Township . Princeton University was featured at the top of U.S. News & World Report ' s national university rankings for

4606-520: The Community Park and Johnson Park School districts, as the population within both districts had increased due to residential development. Concerns were also raised about the largely white, wealthy student population attending Johnson Park (JP) and the more racially and economically diverse population at Community Park (CP). As a result of the redistricting, portions of the affluent Western Section neighborhood were redistricted to CP, and portions of

4704-618: The Humana Building, a skyscraper in Louisville, Kentucky , one of Graves's finest building designs. TIME magazine also claimed it was a commercial icon for the city of Louisville and one of the best buildings of the 1980s. The San Juan Capistrano Library (1982) in California , another project from this period, shows his interpretation of the Mission Revival style . Graves and his firm also designed several buildings for

4802-592: The Ministry of Culture in The Hague , a post office for Celebration, Florida , a prominent expansion of the Denver Public Library to numerous commissions for Disney and the scaffolding design for the 2000 Washington Monument restoration. He was recognized for his influence on architectural movements, including New Urbanism , New Classicism , and postmodernism . His postmodern buildings include

4900-503: The Princeton Council are Council President Mia Sacks (D, 2025), David F. Cohen (D, 2023), Leticia Fraga (D, 2023), Michelle Pirone Lambros (D, 2025), Leighton Newlin (D, 2024) and Eve Niedergang (D, 2024). In 2018, Princeton had an average property tax bill of $ 19,388, the highest in the county, compared to an average bill of $ 8,767 statewide. People in the township tried unsuccessfully to merge borough and township in

4998-650: The Robert Schirmer Professor of Architecture, Emeritus, in 2001. Although Graves was a longtime faculty member at Princeton and trained many of its architecture students, the university did not allow its faculty to practice their profession on its campus. As a result, Graves was never commissioned to design a building for the university. Later in his life he contributed to the founding of a new college, which bears his name at Kean University . In his early years as an architect, Graves did designs for home renovation projects in Princeton. In 1964 he founded

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5096-560: The Swan and Dolphin hotel buildings, Graves's firm designed their original interiors, furnishings, signage, and artwork. Graves's other notable commissions for buildings that were completed in the 1990s include an expansion of the Denver Public Library (1990) and the renovation of the Detroit Institute of Arts (1990). Postmodern architecture did not have a long-lasting popularity and some of Graves's clients rejected his ideas. For example, his design for an expansion of Marcel Breuer's Whitney Museum of American Art building in New York City in

5194-549: The Township of Princeton voted on November 8, 2011, to merge the two municipalities into one. This was the first referendum when university student voters were encouraged and allowed to register to vote locally, and that likely contributed strongly to the measure passing, as the students were not home owners concerned with zoning matters, and they all counted as part of the borough and not the township. In Princeton Borough, 1,385 voted for and 902 voted against, while in Princeton Township 3,542 voted for and 604 voted against. Proponents of

5292-455: The age of 80, and is buried at Princeton Cemetery. Graves favored a "humanistic approach to architecture and urban planning" and was a major influence in late-twentieth-century architecture. Graves was among the most prolific and prominent American architects from the mid-1960s to the end of the twentieth century. Graves and his team designed more than 350 buildings in the Postmodern , New Classical , and New Urbanism styles for projects around

5390-429: The architectural firm of Michael Graves & Associate in Princeton and remained in public practice there until the end of his life. His firm maintained offices in Princeton, New Jersey, and in New York City , but his residence in Princeton served as his design studio, home office and library, and a place to display the many objects he collected during his world travels. Nicknamed "The Warehouse", it also displayed many of

5488-406: The area by James Leonard, who first referred to the community as Princetown when describing the location of his large estate in his diary. The community was later known by a variety of names, including: Princetown , Prince's Town and finally Princeton . The name Princeton was first used in 1724 and became common within the subsequent decade. Although there is no official documentary backing,

5586-442: The area in the late part of the 17th century, arriving from Delaware to settle West Jersey , and from New York to settle East Jersey , with the site destined to become Princeton being amid the wilderness between these two boroughs. The first European to find his home in the boundaries of the future municipality was Henry Greenland. He built his house in 1683 along with a tavern, where representatives of West and East Jersey met to set

5684-539: The borough and township had a combined population of 28,572. According to the website Data USA, Princeton has a population of 30,168 people, of which 85% are US citizens. The ethnic composition of the population is 20,393 White residents (67.6%), 4,636 Asian residents (15.4%), 2,533 Hispanic residents (8.4%), 1,819 Black residents (6.03%), and 618 Two+ residents (2.05%). The most common foreign languages are Chinese (1,800 speakers), Spanish (1,429 speakers), and French (618 speakers), but compared to other places, Princeton has

5782-413: The borough). An attempt to consolidate in 1979 passed with 70% support in the township but failed in the borough by 33 votes, a result that was upheld after a recount. Although township voters again supported a 1996 merger referendum by an almost 3–1 margin, about 57% of borough voters rejected the consolidation proposal, marking the sixth such failure. The residents of both the Borough of Princeton and

5880-402: The boundaries between the two provinces. Greenland's son-in-law Daniel Brimson inhabited the area by 1690, and left property in a will dated 1696. Then, Princeton was known only as part of nearby Stony Brook . Nathaniel Fitz Randolph, a native of the town, attested in his private journal on December 28, 1758, that Princeton was named in 1724 upon the making/construction of the first house in

5978-465: The city government decided to proceed with a renovation, estimated to cost $ 195 million. As a result of the notoriety he received from the Portland Building design, Graves was awarded other major commissions in the 1980s and 1990s. Notable buildings from this period include the Humana Building (1982) in Kentucky and the Newark Museum expansion (1982) in New Jersey . Some architecture critics, including Paul Goldberger of The New York Times , consider

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6076-807: The district's high school as part of a sending/receiving relationship . As of the 2020–21 school year, the district, comprised of six schools, had an enrollment of 3,740 students and 341.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.0:1. Schools in the district (with 2020–21 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics ) are Community Park School with 332 students in grades K-5, Johnson Park School with 329 students in grades PreK-5, Littlebrook School with 342 students in grades K-5, Riverside School with 289 students in grades PreK-5, Princeton Middle School with 803 students in grades 6-8 and Princeton High School with 1,555 students in grades 9-12. New Jersey Monthly magazine ranked Princeton High School as

6174-401: The downtown area after them. On January 10, 1938, Henry Ewing Hale called for a group of citizens to establish a "Historical Society of Princeton." Later the Bainbridge House, constructed in 1766 by Job Stockton, would be dedicated for this purpose. Previously the house was used once for a meeting of Continental Congress in 1783, a general office, and as the Princeton Public Library. The House

6272-441: The early 1980s, Ettore Sottsass recruited Graves to become a member of Memphis , a postmodern design group based in Milan , Italy . Graves began designing consumer products such as furniture and home accessories. Especially notable is his "Plaza" dressing table. Around the same time, Graves became associated with Alessi , a high-end Italian kitchenware manufacturer. Graves designed a sterling silver tea service for Alessi in 1982,

6370-414: The emerging interest in vernacular architecture , New Classical Architecture , and early postmodernism , with three of "the Grays" and one of "the Whites" eventually winning the prestigious Driehaus Architecture Prize . Princeton, New Jersey Princeton is a borough in Mercer County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . It was established on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of

6468-1018: The executive serving a four-year term of office while the commissioners serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with either two or three seats up for election each year as part of the November general election. As of 2024 , the County Executive is Daniel R. Benson ( D , Hamilton Township ) whose term of office ends December 31, 2027. Mercer County's Commissioners are: Lucylle R. S. Walter (D, Ewing Township , 2026), Chair John A. Cimino (D, Hamilton Township, 2026), Samuel T. Frisby Sr. (D, Trenton , 2024), Cathleen M. Lewis (D, Lawrence Township , 2025), Vice Chair Kristin L. McLaughlin (D, Hopewell Township , 2024), Nina D. Melker (D, Hamilton Township , 2025) and Terrance Stokes (D, Ewing Township, 2024). Mercer County's constitutional officers are: Clerk Paula Sollami-Covello (D, Lawrence Township, 2025), Sheriff John A. Kemler (D, Hamilton Township, 2026) and Surrogate Diane Gerofsky (D, Lawrence Township, 2026). As of March 2011, there were

6566-476: The facility as an educational research center for its School of Public Architecture, although its main campus and its School of Public Architecture are located about forty miles away in Union, New Jersey. Graves' marriage to Gail Devine in 1955 ended in divorce; his subsequent marriage to Lucy James in 1972 also ended in divorce. Graves was the father of three children, two sons and a daughter. Graves died at his home in Princeton, New Jersey , on March 12, 2015, at

6664-412: The frequent use of white paint in the built works of the New York Five, as well as the white cardboard models they frequently presented. It also alludes to the group's affinity with the work of Le Corbusier , such as the white exterior surfaces of Villa Savoye . This affinity would later be used by some critics to suggest that the work of the New York Five was uncritical of modernism , or that their work

6762-458: The future of the campus and its academic programs. As of 2023, Princeton is paying Rider $ 1,000 per month to lease overflow parking at the Choir College; the town then sells the parking rights for $ 30 per month to businesses, residents and non-residents. The Choir College parking is a few blocks' walk from downtown. The Princeton Public Schools serve students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade . Students from Cranbury Township attend

6860-604: The high school programs offered by the Mercer County Technical Schools , a county-wide vocational school district that offers full-time career and technical education at its Health Sciences Academy, STEM Academy and Academy of Culinary Arts, with no tuition charged to students for attendance. Private schools located in Princeton include The Lewis School of Princeton , Princeton Day School , Princeton Friends School , Hun School of Princeton , and Princeton International School of Mathematics and Science (PRISMS). St. Paul's Catholic School (pre-school to 8th grade) founded in 1878,

6958-403: The home as "another of Graves's experiments in cubist‐influenced spatial manipulations" and cited the obvious influence of Le Corbusier on Graves' work. Built for friends he met in high school, the home went up for sale in 2017 for $ 264,888. The four-bedroom residence features a Graves-painted mural in the living room signed by the architect during a visit to the home in 2000. He also designed

7056-607: The household items he designed. After Graves's death, Kean University acquired his former home and studio in Princeton, along with two adjacent buildings. Graves spent much of the late 1960s and early 1970s designing modernist residences. His first commission was the Hanselman House in Fort Wayne, Indiana , a design completed in 1971. The modernist structure built for $ 55,000 received an American Institute of Architects Honor Award in 1975. The New York Times described

7154-693: The last projects that Michael Graves and Associates was involved in before Graves's death was the Louwman Museum (2010) in The Hague , Netherlands . Gary Lapera, a principal and studio head of Michael Graves and Associates, designed the museum, also known as the Lowman Collection and the National Automobile Museum of the Netherlands, which houses more than 230 cars. In addition to his architecture, Graves became

7252-410: The legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council. The mayor is elected directly by the voters to

7350-408: The main commercial street, most of the university campus, and incorporated most of the urban area until the postwar suburbanization. The borough and township had roughly equal populations. Other major streets include Harrison, Witherspoon, Nassau, Bayard, Washington, and Stockton. The Lenape Native Americans were the earliest identifiable inhabitants of the Princeton area. Europeans settled into

7448-520: The merger asserted that when the merger is completed the new municipality of Princeton would save $ 3.2 million as a result of some scaled down services including layoffs of 15 government workers including 9 police officers (however the measure itself does not mandate such layoffs). Opponents of the measure challenged the findings of a report citing a cost savings as unsubstantiated, expressed concerns about differing zoning needs between borough and township, and noted that voter representation would be reduced in

7546-463: The mid-1980s was highly contested and never built due to architect and local opposition. Graves's designs for a planned Phoenix Municipal Government Center complex were among the project's finalists, but his concept was not selected as the winning entry. Graves's prominence as a postmodernist architect may have reached its peak during the 1980s and in the early 1990s, but he continued to practice as an architect until his death in 2015. Later works include

7644-498: The municipality is said to be named after Prince William of Orange . Another theory suggests that the name came from a large land-owner named Henry Prince, the son-in-law of a well-known English merchant, but no evidence backs this contention. A royal prince seems a more likely eponym for the settlement, as three nearby towns had names for royalty: Kingston , Queenstown (in the vicinity of the intersection of Nassau and Harrison Streets) and Princessville (Lawrence Township). Princeton

7742-459: The nineteenth century. According to the 2010 census , Princeton Borough had 12,307 inhabitants, while Princeton Township had 16,265. The numbers have become stagnant; since the arrival of the College of New Jersey, now Princeton University, in 1756, the town's population spikes every year during the fall and winter and drops significantly over the course of the summer. In the pivotal Battle of Princeton in January 1777, George Washington forced

7840-735: The ninth consecutive year in 2024, as well as topping comparable lists by Forbes and The Wall Street Journal . Princeton Theological Seminary , the first and oldest seminary in America of the Presbyterian Church (USA), has its main academic campus in Princeton, with residential housing located just outside of Princeton in West Windsor Township. The Institute for Advanced Study maintains extensive land holdings (the "Institute Woods") there covering 800 acres (320 ha). Mercer County Community College , not actually in Princeton but in nearby West Windsor ,

7938-533: The old Borough), 08543 ( PO boxes ), and 08544 (the University ). Under the Köppen climate classification , Princeton falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. During the summer months, episodes of extreme heat and humidity can occur with heat index values at or above 100.0 °F (37.8 °C). On average,

8036-471: The partnership with Target ended in 2012, Graves had designed more than 500 objects for the retailer. Increasingly concerned about Target's dwindling partnerships with outside designers, Graves decided to explore other relationships for marketing his consumer products. After Johnson became CEO of J.C. Penney in 2011, he and Graves reached an agreement for Graves to design products exclusively for Penney's. Graves also created products for other manufacturers. In

8134-635: The racially and economically diverse John Witherspoon neighborhood were redistricted to JP. The Princeton Charter School (grades K–8) operates under a charter granted by the commissioner of the New Jersey Department of Education . The school is a public school that operates independently of the Princeton Regional Schools, and is funded on a per student basis by locally raised tax revenues. Eighth grade students from all of Mercer County are eligible to apply to attend

8232-554: The southern boundary of the former Borough and the Delaware and Raritan Canal was added to Princeton Township in 1853. Princeton Borough became a separate municipality in 1894. In the early nineteenth century, New Jersey boroughs had been quasi-independent subdivisions chartered within existing townships that did not have full autonomy. Princeton Borough received such a charter in 1813, as part of Montgomery and West Windsor Townships; it continued to be part of Princeton Township until

8330-407: The vote (4,172 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 39.2% (2,780 votes), and other candidates with 2.0% (145 votes), among the 7,279 ballots cast by the municipality's 18,374 registered voters (182 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 39.6%. Princeton University , one of the world's most prominent research universities, is a dominant feature of the community. Established in 1746 as

8428-433: The vote. In the 2012 presidential election , Democrat Barack Obama received 75.4% of the vote (9,461 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 23.0% (2,882 votes), and other candidates with 1.6% (205 votes), among the 14,752 ballots cast by the municipality's 20,328 registered voters (2,204 ballots were spoiled ), for a turnout of 72.6%. In the 2013 gubernatorial election , Democrat Barbara Buono received 58.8% of

8526-521: The wettest month of the year is July which corresponds with the annual peak in thunderstorm activity. During the winter months, episodes of extreme cold and wind can occur with wind chill values below 0.0 °F (−17.8 °C). The plant hardiness zone at the Princeton Municipal Court is 6b with an average annual extreme minimum air temperature of −0.9 °F (−18.3 °C). The average seasonal (November–April) snowfall total

8624-494: The world but was perhaps best known for [a] teakettle and pepper mill." Graves was born on July 9, 1934, in Indianapolis , Indiana , to Erma (née Lowe) and Thomas B. Graves. He grew up in the city's suburbs and later credited his mother for suggesting that he become an engineer or an architect. Graves graduated from Indianapolis's Broad Ripple High School in 1952 and earned a bachelor's degree in architecture in 1958 from

8722-556: The world. His architectural designs have been recognized as major influences in all three of these movements. In naming Graves as a recipient of its national design award for lifetime achievement, the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum explained that Graves broadened "the role of the architect in society" and raised "public interest in good design as essential to the quality of everyday life." Graves and his firm designed more than 2,000 consumer products during his lifetime. He

8820-706: The years, but still maintain their own community identity. Princeton borders the municipalities of Hopewell Township , Lawrence Township , and West Windsor Township in Mercer County; Plainsboro Township and South Brunswick Township in Middlesex County ; and Franklin Township and Montgomery Township in Somerset County . United States Postal ZIP codes for Princeton include 08540, 08541 ( Educational Testing Service ), 08542 (largely

8918-403: Was a wide spot in the road; the boundary between Somerset County and Middlesex County ran right through Princeton, along the high road between New York and Philadelphia, now Nassau Street. When Mercer County was formed in 1838, part of West Windsor Township was added to the portion of Montgomery Township which was included in the new county, and made into Princeton Township; the area between

9016-623: Was an unimaginative copy of Le Corbusier. In response to Five Architects , Robert A. M. Stern organized a forum of responses, titled "Five on Five," that was published in the May 1973 issue of Architectural Forum . The five responding architects were Romaldo Giurgola , Allan Greenberg , Charles Moore , Jaquelin T. Robertson , and Stern himself. This group would come to be known as "the Grays" and were closely associated with Vincent Scully and Philadelphia architect Robert Venturi , as well as

9114-472: Was described by William Edward Schenck in 1850 as having attained "no very considerable size" until the establishment of the College of New Jersey in the town. When Richard Stockton, one of the founders of the township, died in 1709 he left his estate to his sons, who helped to expand property and the population. Based on the 1880 United States Census , the population of Princeton comprised 3,209 persons (not including students). Local population has expanded from

9212-582: Was especially noted for his domestic housewares. Many Graves-designed products were sold through mass-market U.S. retailers such as Target and J. C. Penney, but his best-known product is the iconic kettle that he designed in 1985 for Alessi, an Italian housewares manufacturer. As an advocate for the needs of the disabled, Graves used his skills as an architect and designer "to improve healthcare experience for patients, families and clinicians." The New York Five The work featured in Five Architects

9310-651: Was involved in a variety of other design projects that included sets and costumes for New York City's Joffrey Ballet ; a shopping bag for Bloomingdale's department store ; jewelry for Cleto Munari of Milan, Italy; vinyl flooring for Tajima, a Japanese company; and rugs for Vorwerk , a German firm. In 1994 Graves opened a small retail store named the Graves Design Store in Princeton, New Jersey, where shoppers could purchase his designs and reproductions of his artwork. At that time Graves had designed products for more than fifty manufacturers. Graves retired as

9408-780: Was originally developed in a series of meetings held by the Committee of Architects for the Study of the Environment (CASE) at the Museum of Modern Art . The director of MoMA's Department of Architecture and Design, Arthur Drexler , invited a group of architects to present photographs of recent built projects to a panel of critics. Another meeting followed in 1971. Drexler edited a volume of work by five of these architects, published in 1972 by Wittenborn & Company and reprinted by Oxford University Press in 1975. Five Architects featured

9506-428: Was strenuously opposed by neighbors. In 2019, Rider (which is located in Lawrence Township ) attempted to sell the choir college campus in Princeton to a Chinese company, resulting in a public outcry and the prevention of that sale. In 2020, Rider moved all activities of Westminster Choir College from Princeton to its Lawrenceville campus; the Princeton campus is now largely unused while legal wrangling continues about

9604-489: Was then Princeton Borough) became the first governor's mansion. In 1982, it was replaced by the larger Drumthwacket , a colonial mansion located in the former township, but not all have actually lived in these houses. Morven became a museum and garden, owned and operated by the New Jersey Historical Society . Throughout much of its history, the community was split into two separate municipalities:

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