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124-409: Shortly thereafter Baylor's faculty called for the center to be dissolved. Baylor president Robert B. Sloan rejected the faculty demand, and the confrontation was resolved by agreeing to appoint a committee of people from outside the university. The committee recommended that the center be renamed and placed under the supervision of the existing Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning. Dembski objected and

248-492: A seating capacity of up to 50,000 spectators. The stadium has been renovated several times, most notably in 1998 and 2005. Baylor's mascot is the American black bear . The university had two live bears on campus named Joy and Lady, each bearing the title of Judge in honor of Judge R.E.B. Baylor, one of the university's founders. Joy died on July 18, 2022, and Lady became a graduate of the class of 2023, officially retiring to

372-732: A 2005 "Best Team" ESPY. In 2012, the Baylor Lady Bears basketball team beat the Notre Dame Fighting Irish in the NCAA National Championship; the first college basketball team to ever finish with a perfect 40–0 record. The Bears men's basketball team won the 2021 NCAA National Championship after beating the Gonzaga Bulldogs 86–70. It is the university's first men's national championship. The Baylor men's basketball team advanced to

496-482: A May 1, 2023, letter to the Department of Education Office for Civil Rights, Baylor University's President Linda Livingstone requested a formal exemption from provisions of federal Title IX law related to the discrimination and harassment of LGBTQ+ individuals, on the basis that Baylor requires "purity in singleness and fidelity in marriage between a man and a woman as the biblical norm" and must "regulate conduct that

620-540: A brand new facility off campus. The university announced in May 2023 that it was welcoming two new bear cubs to campus, cousins named Indy and Belle. The name "Indy" comes from "Independence", the town of Baylor's founding, and "Belle" pulls from the Carillon bells on campus. Like the past living mascots, they will reside on campus. The school's costumed mascots are Bruiser and Marigold. Battle of Waterloo Army of

744-613: A cavalry reserve of 4,600. In the centre about the road south of the inn La Belle Alliance were a reserve including Lobau's VI Corps with 6,000 men, the 13,000 infantry of the Imperial Guard , and a cavalry reserve of 2,000. In the right rear of the French position was the substantial village of Plancenoit , and at the extreme right, the Bois de Paris wood. Napoleon initially commanded the battle from Rossomme farm, where he could see

868-408: A constitution and membership agreement to safeguard students who haven't come out yet. The chartering process, managed by Matt Burchett, involved several steps, including listening sessions and forming a leadership team, aligning with Baylor's mission of creating a caring community. Prism's constitution emphasizes creating a respectful space embracing diverse sexual identities, voicing LGBTQ+ concerns to

992-636: A famous western gun-fighter and attorney; and Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross famous Confederate general and later President of Texas A&M University . For the first half of the American Civil War , the Baylor president was George Washington Baines , maternal great-grandfather of the future U.S. President , Lyndon B. Johnson . He worked vigorously to sustain the university during the Civil War, when male students left their studies to enlist in

1116-494: A fast French advance towards Brussels. He did not believe in recent intelligence given to him by General Dörnberg, one of his intelligence officials warning him of numerous French outposts south of Charleroi as well as some reports sent by the intelligence of the Prussian 1st corps. Had these two generals obeyed his orders, Quatre-Bras in all probability would have fallen to the French giving them time to support Napoleon's attack on

1240-505: A final defeat. The battlefield is located in the Belgian municipalities of Braine-l'Alleud and Lasne , about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south of Brussels , and about 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) from the town of Waterloo. The site of the battlefield today is dominated by the monument of the Lion's Mound , a large artificial hill constructed from earth taken from the battlefield itself, but

1364-781: A fourth corps (the 3rd) of this army fought at the Battle of Wavre on the same day. The battle was known contemporarily as the Battle of Mont Saint-Jean in France (after the hamlet of Mont-Saint-Jean ) and La Belle Alliance in Prussia ("the Beautiful Alliance"; after the inn of La Belle Alliance ). Upon Napoleon's return to power in March 1815 (beginning the Hundred Days ), many states that had previously opposed him formed

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1488-565: A head and, as a result, on April 18 the Faculty Senate voted 27–2 for the center to be abolished. This call was rejected by Sloan on April 20, who commented: A compromise was later reached to form an independent committee to review the center, consisting of eight faculty members from across the country to be chaired by the Professor of Philosophy William F. Cooper. The committee met between September 8 and September 10. On October 17

1612-462: A late-night council, Blücher's chief of staff, August Neidhardt von Gneisenau , had been distrustful of Wellington's strategy, but Blücher persuaded him that they should march to join Wellington's army. In the morning Wellington duly received a reply from Blücher, promising to support him with three corps. From 06:00 Wellington was in the field supervising the deployment of his forces. At Wavre,

1736-452: A line just behind the crest of the ridge following the Ohain road. Using the reverse slope , as he had many times previously, Wellington concealed his strength from the French, with the exception of his skirmishers and artillery. The length of front of the battlefield was also relatively short at 2.5 miles (4 km). This allowed Wellington to draw up his forces in depth, which he did in

1860-672: A local college called Waco University. At the time, Burleson, Baylor's second president, was serving as the local college's president. That same year, the Baylor Female College also was moved to a new location, Belton, Texas . It later became known as the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor . A Baylor College Park still exists in Independence in memory of the college's history there. Around 1887, Baylor University began readmitting women and became coeducational again. In

1984-832: A major US university, which was part of the intelligent design wedge strategy . As a result in October 1999, Baylor's Michael Polanyi Center was quietly established separately from the IFL and without oversight from any existing academic structures. Dembski's salary was funded by a grant from the John Templeton Foundation via the Discovery Institute. Dembski named it after the Hungarian scientist and philosopher of science Michael Polanyi (1891–1976). Dembski appointed Bruce L. Gordon as his deputy. Gordon

2108-519: A small portion of the French army contested the Battle of Quatre Bras to prevent the Anglo-allied army from reinforcing the Prussians. The Anglo-allied army held their ground at Quatre Bras, and on the 17th, the Prussians withdrew from Ligny in good order, while Wellington then withdrew in parallel with the Prussians northward to Waterloo on 17 June. Napoleon sent a third of his forces to pursue

2232-422: A sorority. There are four councils at Baylor. Most of the university's fraternities began as local fraternities, before affiliating with their national organizations in the late 1970s. Non-IFC fraternities, social clubs, and non-NPC sororities NPHC Fraternities and Sororities Historically, LGBT student organizations received no official recognition at Baylor University. The subject of sexual orientation

2356-455: A sunken, covered lane (usually described by the British as "the hollow-way") along which it could be supplied. On the extreme left was the hamlet of Papelotte . Both Hougoumont and Papelotte were fortified and garrisoned, and thus anchored Wellington's flanks securely. Papelotte also commanded the road to Wavre that the Prussians would use to send reinforcements to Wellington's position. On

2480-415: A total army strength of about 300,000 men. The force at his disposal at Waterloo was less than one third that size, but the rank and file were mostly loyal and experienced soldiers. Napoleon divided his army into a left wing commanded by Marshal Ney , a right wing commanded by Marshal Grouchy and a reserve under his command (although all three elements remained close enough to support one another). Crossing

2604-488: Is a curious fact about the Battle of Waterloo that no one is absolutely certain when it actually began". Wellington recorded in his dispatches that at "about ten o'clock [Napoleon] commenced a furious attack upon our post at Hougoumont". Other sources state that the attack began around 11:30. The house and its immediate environs were defended by four light companies of Guards , and the wood and park by Hanoverian Jäger and

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2728-724: Is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . Several Baylor graduate programs, including its law school, Hankamer School of Business and programs in the sciences and education are nationally ranked. According to the National Research Council (NRC), among those programs, Baylor's Graduate program in English was ranked first for Student Support and Outcomes by the National Research Council, and Baylor's Doctoral program in Sociology

2852-532: Is everything". He had acted similarly in the past, and on the morning of the battle of Waterloo may have been responding to the pessimism and objections of his chief of staff and senior generals. Later on, being told by his brother, Jerome , of some gossip overheard by a waiter between British officers at lunch at the King of Spain inn in Genappe that the Prussians were to march over from Wavre, Napoleon declared that

2976-586: Is inconsistent with the religious values and beliefs that are integral to its Christian faith and mission." On July 25, 2023, the Office for Civil Rights responded acknowledging exemption to Title IX for a number of provisions related to the discrimination of LGBTQ+ individuals, including "rules of private organizations" and "sexual harassment". The exemption request, notable for its specific claim of exemption to Title IX's sexual harassment provision specifically in response to three active investigations against Baylor by

3100-587: Is one of 146 U.S. universities classified among " R1: Doctoral Universities – Very High Research Activity ". The university grants undergraduate and graduate degrees , including doctoral and professional degrees . Baylor University's athletic teams, known as the Bears , participate in 19 intercollegiate sports. The university is a member of the Big 12 Conference in NCAA Division I . In 1841, 35 delegates to

3224-495: Is one of the world's largest experimental physics collaborations. The following year, the university was classified as "Research University" with "High Research Activity". In 2021, the university was classified among "R1: Doctoral universities with very high research activity". In October 2009, a group of state, county and city governments and organizations and higher educational institutions in Central Texas announced

3348-485: Is the halftime entertainment for Baylor football. The 340-member band attends every home football game and sometimes travels to away games. The band's name dates back to 1928 when, while on tour in West Texas, observers noted that the band members' gold uniforms looked like a giant "golden wave" sweeping over the landscape. The Noble NoZe Brotherhood , an unofficial fraternal organization, was founded in 1924 to study

3472-885: The Army Medical Department headquartered in San Antonio . Programs offered include the Doctor of Physical Therapy , MHA , United States Army Graduate Program in Nursing Anesthesia (USAGPAN), and MHA/ MBA (joint program). In 2005, the university was invited to join the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) collaboration at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois . The project

3596-636: The Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II and received the Medal of Honor for his service. John Riley Kane also received the Medal of Honor for his service after flying 43 combat missions for a total of 250 combat hours in Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Kane's daring operations caused German intelligence reports to dub him "Killer Kane". In July 1948, the Air Force and Baylor University partnered in

3720-441: The Battle of Quatre Bras . First reinforcements, and then Wellington arrived. He took command and drove Ney back, securing the crossroads by early evening, too late to send help to the Prussians, who had already been defeated. Meanwhile, on 16 June, Napoleon attacked and defeated Blücher at the Battle of Ligny , using part of the reserve and the right wing of his army. The Prussian centre gave way under heavy French assaults, but

3844-450: The Big 12 Conference . As of the 2021–22 school year, all teams are nicknamed "Bears". Women's teams had historically been known as "Lady Bears", but by the end of the 2010s almost all of these teams had dropped "Lady", with the last three holdouts of basketball, soccer, and volleyball following suit in fall 2021. In the 2011–2012 season, Baylor broke the NCAA record for most combined wins in

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3968-544: The Confederate Army . Following the war, the city of Independence slowly declined, primarily caused by the rise of neighboring cities being serviced by the Santa Fe Railroad . Because Independence lacked a railroad line, university fathers began searching for a location to build a new campus. Beginning in 1885, Baylor University moved to Waco, Texas , a growing town on the railroad line. It merged with

4092-748: The Discovery Institute and the John Templeton Foundation . Critics of intelligent design within the scientific community were split as to whether to attend. They thought that the conference might give ID more academic credibility, something it lacks, and that it would be used for propaganda by the ID movement and the Christian press. Nevertheless, the conference attracted a variety of scientists, theologians and philosophers, including Alan Guth , John Searle , Christian de Duve , and Nobel Prize -winner Steven Weinberg . The conference brought things to

4216-567: The King's German Legion (KGL). All of the British Army troops were regular soldiers, and the majority of them had served in the Peninsula. Of the 23 British line infantry regiments in action, only four (the 14th, 33rd, 69th, and 73rd Foot) had not served in the Peninsula, and a similar level of experience was to be found in the British cavalry and artillery. Chandler asserts that most of

4340-776: The Mississippi River in the United States. Located on the banks of the Brazos River next to I-35 , between the Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex and Austin , the university's 1,000-acre (400-hectare) campus is the largest Baptist university in the world. It is affiliated with the Baptist General Convention of Texas . As of Fall 2023 , Baylor had a total enrollment of 20,824 students (15,155 undergraduate and 5,669 graduate). It

4464-532: The Seventh Coalition from invading France had failed, his only chance of remaining in power was to attack before the coalition mobilised. Had Napoleon succeeded in destroying the existing coalition forces south of Brussels before they were reinforced, he might have been able to drive the British back to the sea and knock the Prussians out of the war. Crucially, this would have bought him time to recruit and train more men before turning his armies against

4588-581: The Seventh Coalition . One of these was a British-led force with units from the United Kingdom , the Netherlands, Hanover , Brunswick , and Nassau , under the command of Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (often referred to as the Anglo-allied army or Wellington's army ). The other comprised three corps (the 1st, 2nd and 4th corps) of the Prussian army under Field Marshal Blücher ;

4712-510: The economic crisis of 2008 , Baylor spokesperson Lori Fogleman reported that Baylor's endowment grew 5.1 percent in the fiscal year ending June 30, 2008; the National Association of College and University Business Officials estimated that during that same period, the median return for the top 25 percent of college endowments decreased by 2.2 percent. Fogleman cited the university's long-term investments and diversified holdings as

4836-452: The 1890s, William Cowper Brann published the highly successful Iconoclast newspaper in Waco. One of his targets was Baylor University. Brann revealed Baylor officials had been importing South American children recruited by missionaries and making house-servants out of them. Brann was shot in the back by Tom Davis, a Baylor supporter. Brann then wheeled, drew his pistol, and killed Davis. Brann

4960-588: The Austrians and Russians. An additional consideration for Napoleon was that a French victory might cause French-speaking sympathisers in Belgium to launch a friendly revolution. Also, coalition troops in Belgium were largely second line, as many units were of dubious quality and loyalty. The initial dispositions of Wellington, the British commander, were intended to counter the threat of Napoleon enveloping

5084-671: The Bear is the name given to the 2011–2012 year in Baylor Athletics. During this year, the Baylor Bears football team defeated Big 12 rival Oklahoma (No. 5 AP) for the first time ever, as well as future bitter Big 12 rival TCU (No. 14 AP), ending the season at 10-3 ranked at No. 12 (No. 13 AP). Junior quarterback Robert Griffin III gained recognition throughout the year and was awarded both the 2011 Heisman Trophy and National Player of

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5208-700: The Brazos River and Interstate 35. The stadium was planned by architecture firm Populous, known for its design of Yankee Stadium in New York and Houston's Minute Maid Park . A partnership between Austin Commercial-Flintco LLC oversaw the project as its contractor. From 1936 to 1949, the Baylor Bears home football games were played at Waco/Municipal Stadium . In 1950, the team moved to the newly constructed Floyd Casey Stadium (originally named Baylor Stadium), located four miles from campus with

5332-586: The British veterans of the Peninsular War were being transported to North America to fight in the War of 1812 . In addition, there were 21,035 (28.3%) Dutch-Belgian and Nassauer troops, 11,496 (15.5%) from Hanover and 6,124 (8.2%) from Brunswick . Many of the troops in the Coalition armies were inexperienced. The Dutch army had been re-established in 1815, following the earlier defeat of Napoleon. With

5456-450: The Coalition armies by moving through Mons to the south-west of Brussels. This would have pushed Wellington closer to the Prussian forces, led by Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , but might have cut Wellington's communications with his base at Ostend . In order to delay Wellington's deployment, Napoleon spread false intelligence which suggested that Wellington's supply chain from the channel ports would be cut. By June, Napoleon had raised

5580-489: The Confederacy by R. E. B. Baylor and two founders. These facts were not previously acknowledged by the university. A ban on various forms of sexual conduct including "homosexual acts" was in place until 2015. The university has since modified its Code of Conduct. Baylor officially chartered Prism, an LGBTQ+ and allies student organization, after a process initiated in fall 2021. Prism's formation involved drafting

5704-693: The District of Columbia and approximately 89 foreign countries. The university clubs and organizations provide each student with an opportunity to become engaged with an organization that shares his or her interests. Baylor University has a total undergraduate enrollment of 13,859, with a gender distribution of 42 percent male students and 58 percent female students. At Baylor, 36 percent of students live in college-owned, -operated, or -affiliated housing and 64 percent of students live off campus. Approximately 14 percent of undergraduate men are members of fraternities, and 21 percent of undergraduate women are members of

5828-515: The Elite Eight of the NCAA 'March Madness' Championship tournament in 2010, 2012, and 2021. Under the direction of head coach Scott Drew , Baylor achieved a record of 121–55 (.688) between the 2008–2012 seasons and reached post-season play in four of those years. Four former Baylor basketball players were drafted in the first or second round of the NBA draft in the 2011 and 2012 seasons: The Year of

5952-489: The French advance than other allied officials and their later initiatives to hold the crossroads proved vital for the outcome. General Constant de Rebeque , commander of one of the Dutch divisions, disobeyed Wellington's orders to march to his previous chosen concentration area around Nivelles, and decided to hold the crossroads and send urgent messages to the prince and Perponcher. This fact shows how little Wellington believed in

6076-417: The French army throughout his rule, but he did not conscript men for the 1815 campaign. His troops were mainly veterans with considerable experience and a fierce devotion to their Emperor. The cavalry in particular was both numerous and formidable, and included fourteen regiments of armoured heavy cavalry , and seven of highly versatile lancers who were armed with lances, sabres and firearms. However, as

6200-413: The French throughout the afternoon of 18 June, and was eventually aided by the progressively arriving 50,000 Prussians who attacked the French flank and inflicted heavy casualties. In the evening, Napoleon assaulted the Anglo-allied line with his last reserves, the senior infantry battalions of the Imperial Guard . With the Prussians breaking through on the French right flank, the Anglo-allied army repulsed

6324-437: The Imperial Guard, and the French army was routed. Waterloo was the decisive engagement of the Waterloo campaign and Napoleon's last. It was also the second bloodiest single day battle of the Napoleonic Wars, after Borodino . According to Wellington, the battle was "the nearest-run thing you ever saw in your life". Napoleon abdicated four days later, and coalition forces entered Paris on 7 July. The defeat at Waterloo marked

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6448-427: The MPC had been formally dissolved. Gordon left Baylor in 2005 to join the Discovery Institute. Baylor University Baylor University is a private Baptist research university in Waco, Texas , United States. Baylor was chartered in 1845 by the last Congress of the Republic of Texas . Baylor is the oldest continuously operating university in Texas and one of the first educational institutions west of

6572-422: The MPC itself had been formally dissolved. Gordon left Baylor in 2005 to join the Discovery Institute. Baylor University was founded in 1845 by the Republic of Texas (before Texas Statehood) in Waco , Texas as a Baptist University . A new Baylor president, Robert B. Sloan was appointed in 1995. Sloan, a New Testament Scholar with a doctorate in theology from the University of Basel , proposed to return

6696-408: The North Anglo-Allied Army Prussian Army 15,000 deserted after the battle The Battle of Waterloo ( Dutch: [ˈʋaːtərloː] ) was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815, near Waterloo (at that time in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands , now in Belgium ), marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars . A French army under the command of Napoleon was defeated by two armies of

6820-415: The Office for Civil Rights, including one investigation into "Baylor's alleged response to notice that students were subjected to harassment based on their sexual orientation and/or gender identity," led five U.S. representatives, including Representative Adam Schiff, to write and sign a letter to Miguel Cardona, the Secretary of the U.S. Department of Education, requesting "thorough, timely investigations into

6944-405: The Prussian IV Corps under Bülow was designated to lead the march to Waterloo as it was in the best shape, not having been involved in the Battle of Ligny. Although they had not taken casualties, IV Corps had been marching for two days, covering the retreat of the three other corps of the Prussian army from the battlefield of Ligny. They had been posted farthest away from the battlefield, and progress

7068-441: The Prussian army had excellent and professional leadership in its general staff . These officers came from four schools developed for this purpose and thus worked to a common standard of training. This system was in marked contrast to the conflicting, vague orders issued by the French army. This staff system ensured that before Ligny, three-quarters of the Prussian army had concentrated for battle with 24 hours' notice. After Ligny,

7192-410: The Prussian army would support him. He decided to hold his ground and give battle. Three armies participated in the battle: Napoleon's Armée du Nord , a multinational army under Wellington, and a Prussian army under General Blücher. The French army of around 74,500 consisted of 54,014 infantry, 15,830 cavalry, and 8,775 artilleries with 254 guns. Napoleon had used conscription to fill the ranks of

7316-447: The Prussian army, although defeated, was able to realign its supply train, reorganise itself, and intervene decisively on the Waterloo battlefield within 48 hours. Two-and-a-half Prussian army corps, or 48,000 men, were engaged at Waterloo; two brigades under Bülow, commander of IV Corps, attacked Lobau at 16:30, while Zieten 's I Corps and parts of Pirch I 's II Corps engaged at about 18:00. The Waterloo position chosen by Wellington

7440-441: The Prussians in the Sombreffe area via the fast, cobbled road, and the history of the campaign would have been significantly different. Ney's orders were to secure the crossroads of Quatre Bras so that he could later swing east and reinforce Napoleon if necessary. Ney found the crossroads lightly held by the Prince of Orange, who repelled Ney's initial attacks but was gradually driven back by overwhelming numbers of French troops in

7564-561: The Prussians to arrive at Waterloo "as soon as possible". At 11:00, Napoleon drafted his general order: Reille's Corps on the left and d'Erlon's Corps to the right were to attack the village of Mont-Saint-Jean and keep abreast of one another. This order assumed Wellington's battle-line was in the village, rather than at the more forward position on the ridge. To enable this, Jerome's division would make an initial attack on Hougoumont, which Napoleon expected would draw in Wellington's reserves, since its loss would threaten his communications with

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7688-424: The Prussians would need at least two days to recover and would be dealt with by Grouchy. Surprisingly, Jerome's overheard gossip aside, the French commanders present at the pre-battle conference at Le Caillou had no information about the alarming proximity of the Prussians and did not suspect that Blücher's men would start erupting onto the field of battle in great numbers just five hours later. Napoleon had delayed

7812-400: The Prussians, which resulted in the separate Battle of Wavre with the Prussian rear-guard on 18–19 June and prevented that French force from participating at Waterloo. Upon learning that the Prussian Army was able to support him, Wellington decided to offer battle on the Mont-Saint-Jean escarpment across the Brussels Road, near the village of Waterloo. Here he withstood repeated attacks by

7936-407: The Seventh Coalition and hurriedly mobilised their armies. Wellington's and Blücher's armies were cantoned close to the northeastern border of France. Napoleon planned to attack them separately , before they could link up and invade France with other members of the coalition. On 16 June, Napoleon successfully attacked the bulk of the Prussian army at the Battle of Ligny with his main force, while

8060-402: The Smohain defile . The French army formed on the slopes of another ridge to the south. Napoleon could not see Wellington's positions, so he drew his forces up symmetrically about the Brussels road. On the right was I Corps under d'Erlon with 16,000 infantry and 1,500 cavalry, plus a cavalry reserve of 4,700. On the left was II Corps under Reille with 13,000 infantry, and 1,300 cavalry, and

8184-436: The Texans to become an independent nation, then before the final vote of the Congress, the petitioners requested the university be named in honor of Baylor. In fall 1844, the Texas Baptist Education Society petitioned the Congress of the Republic of Texas to charter a Baptist university. Republic President Anson Jones signed the Act of Congress on February 1, 1845, officially establishing Baylor University. The founders built

8308-419: The Texas Supreme Court began teaching classes in the "science of law", making Baylor the first in Texas and the second university west of the Mississippi to teach law. During this time Stephen Decatur Rowe would earn the first degree awarded by Baylor. He would be followed by the first female graduate, Mary Kavanaugh Gentry, in 1855. In 1851, Baylor's second president, Rufus Columbus Burleson, decided to separate

8432-423: The Union Baptist Association meeting voted to adopt the suggestion of the Rev. William Milton Tryon and R. E. B. Baylor to establish a Baptist university in Texas, then an independent republic. Baylor, a Texas district judge and onetime U.S. Congressman and soldier from Alabama , became the school's namesake. Some at first wished to name the new university "San Jacinto" to recognize the victory which enabled

8556-399: The Year honors. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team started with 17 straight wins en route to a 30–8 season (the best in school history), a berth in the NCAA Elite Eight (its second in three seasons) and a No. 10 final ranking. The women's basketball team won the program's second national title, becoming the first basketball program – men's or women's – to finish 40–0. Center Brittney Griner

8680-474: The administration, and fostering continuous learning. Chartered on April 19, Prism marks a significant milestone in Baylor's history, following Gamma Alpha Upsilon's decision to cease charter pursuit. Baylor spokesperson Lori Fogleman confirmed Prism's charter aligns with the Board of Regents' guidelines. Prism, symbolized by a prism refracting light, aims to provide a safe, educational platform for discussing sexuality, gender identity, faith, and spirituality. In

8804-493: The army took shape, French officers were allocated to units as they presented themselves for duty, so that many units were commanded by officers the soldiers did not know, and often did not trust. Crucially, some of these officers had little experience in working together as a unified force, so that support for other units was often not given. The French were forced to march through rain and black coal-dust mud to reach Waterloo, and then to contend with mud and rain as they slept in

8928-781: The art of bridge construction in association with the BBA (Baylor Bridge Association). The brotherhood provides the university with unusual public pranks and satirical writings in its newspaper, The Rope . Members hide their identities to keep their actions anonymous. Baylor University has a strong history of military service dating back to before the Civil War and currently offers both Army and Air Force ROTC for students. Baylor graduates have served in every major military engagement in Texas history. Formal military instruction began on campus in 1888. Baylor has had several famous military graduates such as Andrew Jackson Lummus, Jr. , who fought and died at

9052-585: The athletic department failed to address sexual assaults. In response to the report, the Board of Regents fired Ken Starr as president of the university but retained him as Chancellor and as a law school professor; he resigned as Chancellor shortly thereafter and resigned as law professor in August 2016. The school also fired head football coach Art Briles . In 2021, Baylor released an independent historical report acknowledging past slave ownership and support for

9176-456: The cause of the endowment's success. Despite a hired consulting firm's concerns that the troubled economy and disagreements within the Baylor community could hinder continued growth, the university's endowment exceeded $ 1.1 billion as of May 2013 . On March 4, 2010, "An anonymous longtime Baylor donor ... set up an estate provision that will benefit the school to the tune of an estimated $ 200 million. The gift will bolster Baylor's research on

9300-417: The centre and on the right, all the way towards the village of Braine-l'Alleud , in the expectation that the Prussians would reinforce his left during the day. In front of the ridge, there were three positions that could be fortified. On the extreme right were the château, garden, and orchard of Hougoumont . This was a large and well-built country house, initially hidden in trees. The house faced north along

9424-436: The committee released its report. Although it recommended that there should be a place for the study of intelligent design, it recommended that the center be renamed and reconstituted within Baylor's Institute for Faith and Learning. This was seen as a compromise between the two sides and an attempt to defuse the row that had developed. On October 18 Dembski responded to the report with a press release/email: The report marks

9548-843: The creation of Air Force ROTC Detachment 810 - one of the first detachments ever created. In 2008, Detachment 810 was awarded the Air Force ROTC Right Of Line Award as the No. 1 large detachment in the nation. The unit was additionally awarded the High Flight Award, recognizing it as one of the top four detachments in America. It has been named best in the AFROTC Southwest Region for 1996, 2003 and 2008. Baylor runs several postgraduate and professional health sciences programs in partnership with

9672-554: The creation of the Central Texas Technology and Research Park, and the park's first project, the Baylor Research and Innovation Collaborative (BRIC) to be housed in the former General Tire facility on South Loop Drive in Waco. Funding for the effort came from the state of Texas and Baylor University. Clifton Robinson (a member of Baylor's Board of Regents) donated the facility to the university to support

9796-469: The direction the Prussians had taken, and the vagueness of the orders given to him meant that Grouchy was too late to prevent the Prussian army reaching Wavre, from where it could march to support Wellington. More importantly, the heavily outnumbered Prussian rearguard was able to use the River Dyle to fight a savage and prolonged action to delay Grouchy. Napoleon would get this information from Grouchy on

9920-460: The early morning of 18 June at a nearby farmhouse, La Caillou, where he was staying for the night; he responded to the message in mid-day. As 17 June drew to a close, Wellington's army had arrived at its position at Waterloo, with the main body of Napoleon's army in pursuit. Blücher's army was gathering in and around Wavre, around 8 miles (13 km) to the east of the town. Early the next morning, Wellington received an assurance from Blücher that

10044-551: The end of Napoleon's Hundred Days return from exile. It precipitated Napoleon's second and definitive abdication as Emperor of the French , and ended the First French Empire . It set a historical milestone between serial European wars and decades of relative peace , often referred to as the Pax Britannica . In popular culture, the phrase "meeting one's Waterloo" has become an expression for someone suffering

10168-462: The entire battlefield, but moved to a position near La Belle Alliance early in the afternoon. Command on the battlefield (which was largely hidden from his view) was delegated to Ney. Wellington rose at around 02:00 or 03:00 on 18 June, and wrote letters until dawn. He had earlier written to Blücher confirming that he would give battle at Mont-Saint-Jean if Blücher could provide him with at least one corps; otherwise he would retreat towards Brussels. At

10292-474: The entrenched Hougoumont position. Any attack on his right centre would mean the attackers would have to march between enfilading fire from Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte. On the left, any attack would also be enfiladed by fire from La Haye Sainte and its adjoining sandpit, and any attempt at turning the left flank would entail fighting through the lanes and hedgerows surrounding Papelotte and the other garrisoned buildings on that flank, and some very wet ground in

10416-554: The exception of the British and some men from Hanover and Brunswick who had fought with the British army in Spain, many of the professional soldiers in the Coalition armies had spent some of their time in the French army or in armies allied to the Napoleonic regime. The historian Alessandro Barbero states that in this heterogeneous army the difference between British and foreign troops did not prove significant under fire. Wellington

10540-484: The first $ 5,000 donation to start the university. In 1854, Houston was also baptized by the Rev. Rufus Columbus Burleson , future Baylor president, in the Brazos River. During the 1846 school year Baylor leaders would begin including chapel as part of the Baylor educational experience. The tradition continues today and has been a part of the life of students for over 160 years. In 1849, R. E. B. Baylor and Abner S. Lipscomb of

10664-624: The flanks held their ground. The Prussian retreat from Ligny went uninterrupted and seemingly unnoticed by the French. The bulk of their rearguard units held their positions until about midnight, and some elements did not move out until the following morning, ignored by the French. Crucially, the Prussians did not retreat to the east, along their own lines of communication. Instead, they, too, fell back northwards parallel to Wellington's line of march, still within supporting distance and in communication with him throughout. The Prussians rallied on Bülow 's IV Corps, which had not been engaged at Ligny and

10788-436: The four major collegiate sports: baseball, football, and men's and women's basketball. The university has won NCAA titles in 2004, 2005, 2012, 2019, and 2021. The men's tennis team defeated UCLA in the 2004 championship match to garner the Baylor's first title. One year later, the Baylor Lady Bears basketball team beat Michigan State in the championship game and was subsequently named as the only women's team to be nominated for

10912-486: The four major programs, Baylor was one of only two schools that had all 19 of its sponsored sports advance to the post season. Following the 'Year of the Bear,' it was announced in July 2012 that a new $ 260 million football stadium to be called " McLane Stadium " would be constructed on the university's campus. Opened in fall 2014, the stadium holds 45,000 spectators and is situated on 93 acres (38 hectares) of land adjacent to

11036-460: The frontier near Charleroi before dawn on 15 June, the French rapidly overran Coalition outposts , securing Napoleon's "central position" between Wellington's and Blücher's armies. He hoped this would prevent them from combining, and he would be able to destroy first the Prussian army, then Wellington's. Only very late on the night of 15 June was Wellington certain that the Charleroi attack

11160-442: The house where he had spent the night. When Soult suggested that Grouchy should be recalled to join the main force, Napoleon said, "Just because you have all been beaten by Wellington, you think he's a good general. I tell you Wellington is a bad general, the English are bad troops, and this affair is nothing more than eating breakfast". Napoleon's seemingly dismissive remark may have been strategic, given his maxim "in war, morale

11284-464: The impact of contemporary science on the humanities and the arts ; (3) to be an active participant in the growing dialogue between science and religion ; and (4) to pursue the mathematical development and empirical application of design-theoretic concepts in the natural sciences . Between April 12 and April 15, 2000 the Center held a conference entitled "The Nature of Nature," jointly sponsored by

11408-479: The intersection of science and religion, and the Center will therefore receive a new name to reflect this expanded vision. My work on intelligent design will continue unabated. Dogmatic opponents of design who demanded the Center be shut down have met their Waterloo . Baylor University is to be commended for remaining strong in the face of intolerant assaults on freedom of thought and expression. In reaction to Dembski's response, Baylor removed Dembski as director and he

11532-460: The issues of aging in multiple disciplines at the school." Citing the most recent data reported by the Chronicle of Higher Education, Baylor officials say the $ 200 million donation is the second-largest gift to a Texas college or university and ranks among the top 20 private gifts to higher education institutions in the country. Baylor student athletes participate in NCAA Division I as part of

11656-564: The majority of its board, granting it partial independence from the Baptist General Convention of Texas . In 2015, the Baylor Board of Regents hired law firm Pepper Hamilton to perform an external review of Baylor's handling of sexual assaults . The report, summarized by the board in a public "Findings of Facts" document, stated that Baylor failed to implement Title IX in a timely and effective manner, that Baylor administrators actively discouraged reporting of sexual assaults, and that

11780-526: The medical school's regents. They also share academic links and combine in research efforts. During World War II , Baylor was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. The university first admitted black students in 1964. The first black graduate was Robert Gilbert, of Waco. In 1991, Baylor began appointing

11904-651: The open. Little food was available, but nevertheless the veteran soldiers were fiercely loyal to Napoleon. In December 1814, the British Army had been reduced by 47,000 men. This was largely achieved by the disbandment of the second battalion of 22 infantry regiments. Wellington later said that he had "an infamous army, very weak and ill-equipped, and a very inexperienced Staff ". His troops consisted of 74,326 men: 53,607 infantry, 13,400 cavalry, and 5,596 artillery with 156 guns plus engineers and staff. Of these, 27,985 (38%) were British, with another 7,686 (10%) from

12028-564: The original university campus in Independence, Texas . The Rev. James Huckins , the first Southern Baptist missionary to Texas, was Baylor's first full-time fundraiser. He is considered the third founding father of the university. Although these three men are credited as being the founders of the university, many others worked to see the first university established in Texas and thus they were awarded Baylor's Founders Medal. The noted Texas revolutionary war leader and hero Sam Houston gave

12152-458: The pending sex-based harassment cases against Baylor University and further clarification on the implications of this particular exemption on students' rights to be protected from sex-based harassment." In the 2021 "Best Colleges" rankings by U.S. News & World Report , Baylor was ranked tied for 76th best "national university" in the U.S., tied at 31st for "Best Undergraduate Teaching", tied at 25th for "Most Innovative". Baylor University

12276-435: The position empty. The French pursued Wellington's retreating army to Waterloo; however, due to bad weather, mud and the head start that Napoleon's tardy advance had allowed Wellington, there was no substantial engagement, apart from a cavalry action at Genappe . Before leaving Ligny, Napoleon had ordered Grouchy, who commanded the right wing, to follow the retreating Prussians with 33,000 men. A late start, uncertainty about

12400-447: The research collaborative. Several former and present members of faculty at Baylor are or were prominent proponents of intelligent design , most notably philosopher William Dembski , now at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary , Christian philosopher Francis Beckwith and electrical engineer Robert J. Marks II . The university's endowment passed $ 1 billion in 2007 and reached $ 1,055,478,000 on December 31, 2007. Even with

12524-493: The school to its mission of integrating academic excellence and Christian commitment. As a result, the Baylor Institute for Faith and Learning (IFL) was established in 1997. Sloan noted: Baylor ought to be the kind of place where a student can ask a question and not just get the runaround. He shouldn't have to go to the theology department and be told, "Oh, that's a scientific question. Don't ask me that." And then

12648-441: The sea. A grande batterie of the reserve artillery of I, II, and VI Corps was to then bombard the centre of Wellington's position from about 13:00. D'Erlon's corps would then attack Wellington's left, break through, and roll up his line from east to west. In his memoirs, Napoleon wrote that his intention was to separate Wellington's army from the Prussians and drive it back towards the sea. Historian Andrew Roberts notes that "It

12772-444: The start of the battle owing to the sodden ground, which would have made manoeuvring cavalry and artillery difficult. In addition, many of his forces had bivouacked well to the south of La Belle Alliance. At 10:00, in response to a dispatch he had received from Grouchy six hours earlier, he sent a reply telling Grouchy to "head for Wavre [to Grouchy's north] in order to draw near to us [to the west of Grouchy]" and then "push before him"

12896-439: The student goes to the science department and they tell him, "That's a religious question. Don't ask me that." In 1998 Sloan read an article by mathematician, philosopher and intelligent design advocate William Dembski and was impressed. Sloan invited Dembski to the IFL, whose director Michael Beaty was also impressed by his work and credentials. They learned of Dembski's wish to establish an intelligent design research center at

13020-690: The students by sex, making the Baylor Female College an independent and separate institution. Baylor University became an all-male institution. During this time, Baylor thrived as the only university west of the Mississippi offering instruction in law, mathematics, and medicine. At the time a Baylor education cost around $ 8–15 per term for tuition. And many of the early leaders of the Republic of Texas, such as Sam Houston, would later send their children to Baylor to be educated. Some of those early students were Temple Lea Houston , son of President Sam Houston ,

13144-463: The topography of the battlefield near the mound has not been preserved. On 13 March 1815, six days before Napoleon reached Paris, the powers at the Congress of Vienna declared him an outlaw . Four days later, the United Kingdom , Russia , Austria , and Prussia mobilised armies to defeat Napoleon. Critically outnumbered, Napoleon knew that once his attempts at dissuading one or more members of

13268-404: The triumph of intelligent design as a legitimate form of academic inquiry. This is a great day for academic freedom. I'm deeply grateful to President Sloan and Baylor University for making this possible, as well as to the peer review committee for its unqualified affirmation of my own work on intelligent design. The scope of the Center will be expanded to embrace a broader set of conceptual issues at

13392-663: The university in a new medical center if the College of Medicine would surrender its denominational alliances with the Baptist state convention. The Baylor administration refused the offer and, with funding from the M. D. Anderson Foundation and others, moved the College of Medicine to Houston . In 1969, the Baylor College of Medicine became technically independent from Baylor University. The two institutions still maintain strong links and Baylor still elects around 25 percent of

13516-426: The wars of 1813–1814 were in the process of being absorbed into the line, along with many Landwehr (militia) regiments. The Landwehr were mostly untrained and unequipped when they arrived in Belgium. The Prussian cavalry were in a similar state. Its artillery was also reorganising and did not give its best performance—guns and equipment continued to arrive during and after the battle. Offsetting these handicaps,

13640-497: The west. They were mostly composed of Dutch troops under the Prince of Orange's younger brother, Prince Frederick of the Netherlands . They were placed as a guard against a wide flanking movement and also to act as a rearguard if Wellington was forced to retreat towards Antwerp and the coast. The Prussian army was in the throes of reorganisation. In 1815, the former Reserve regiments, Legions, and Freikorps volunteer formations from

13764-472: The western side of the main road, and in front of the rest of Wellington's line, was the farmhouse and orchard of La Haye Sainte , which was garrisoned with 400 light infantry of the King's German Legion. On the opposite side of the road was a disused sand quarry, where the 95th Rifles were posted as sharpshooters. Wellington's forces positioning presented a formidable challenge to any attacking force. Any attempt to turn Wellington's right would entail taking

13888-436: The year (and an overall record of 129–28 for a winning percentage of .822) and Baylor was the only school to have all four programs ranked at the end of their respective seasons. The football and (men's and women's) basketball programs also set NCAA records with a combined 80 wins between them, including a stretch from November 1, 2011, to January 16, 2012, when the three programs had 40 consecutive wins between them. Outside of

14012-871: Was "too complex" for student groups, according to the statement by a university official posted on a student group's blog. In 2022, Baylor chartered an official LGBT organization called "Prism", that follows the University's "Statement on Human Sexuality", which affirms "purity in singleness and fidelity in marriage between a man and a woman as the biblical norm" and prohibits advocacy groups from promoting "understandings of sexuality that are contrary to biblical teaching", including "homosexual behavior". Every semester, students participate in various intramural sports. Students build teams within campus organizations, sororities/fraternities, residence halls, and personal friend groups. As of Fall 2022, Baylor offers these intramural sports: The Baylor University Golden Wave Band (BUGWB)

14136-517: Was a strong one. It consisted of a long ridge running east–west, perpendicular to, and bisected by, the main road to Brussels. Along the crest of the ridge ran the Ohain road, a deep sunken lane . Near the crossroads with the Brussels road was a large elm tree that was roughly in the centre of Wellington's position and served as his command post for much of the day. Wellington deployed his infantry in

14260-470: Was also acutely short of heavy cavalry, having only seven British and three Dutch regiments. The Duke of York imposed many of his staff officers on Wellington, including his second-in-command, the Earl of Uxbridge . Uxbridge commanded the cavalry and had carte blanche from Wellington to commit these forces at his discretion. Wellington stationed a further 17,000 troops at Halle , 8 miles (13 km) away to

14384-418: Was also appointed as a non-tenured associate research professor in the institute. The MPC website stated: The Michael Polanyi Center (MPC) is a cross-disciplinary research and educational initiative focused on advancing the understanding of science. It has a fourfold purpose: (1) to support and pursue research in the history and conceptual foundations of the natural and social sciences; (2) to study

14508-582: Was helped home by his friends, and died there of his wounds. In 1900, three physicians founded the University of Dallas Medical Department in Dallas , although a university by that name did not exist. In 1903, Baylor University acquired the medical school, which became known as the Baylor College of Medicine , while remaining in Dallas. In 1943, Dallas civic leaders offered to build larger facilities for

14632-535: Was in a strong position south of Wavre . With the Prussian retreat from Ligny, Wellington's position at Quatre Bras was untenable. The next day he withdrew northwards, to a defensive position that he had reconnoitred the previous year—the low ridge of Mont-Saint-Jean, south of the village of Waterloo and the Sonian Forest . Napoleon, with the reserves, made a late start on 17 June and joined Ney at Quatre Bras at 13:00 to attack Wellington's army but found

14756-539: Was made an untenured associate research professor in "conceptual foundations of science" in Baylor's Institute for Faith and Learning. He held that position until he left Baylor in May 2005. Gordon was named interim director and by 2001 the center had been renamed The Baylor Science and Religion Project and placed under the institute. By 2002 it had been again renamed to the Baylor Center for Science, Philosophy and Religion, still with Gordon at its head. By 2003

14880-723: Was named the National Player of the Year, while Coach Kim Mulkey was awarded National Coach of the Year. The baseball team won 49 games (one shy of its all-time best), including a Big 12-record 18-game conference winning streak and school-record 24-game winning streak. Although ranked at No. 1 for two weeks (a program first), the baseball team finished in the NCAA Super Regionals and a No. 9 ranking. Baylor's four major programs (football, men's and women's basketball, and baseball) finished with an NCAA record 129 wins during

15004-491: Was ranked third nationally, based on criteria such as the percentage of students receiving full financial support, PhD completion percentage, median time to completion of degrees, and job placement rate. The university is divided into twelve degree-granting academic units. Three of the units are designated as colleges , while eight others are designated as schools and one is a seminary. They are: More than 16,000 students study at Baylor University, representing all 50 states,

15128-476: Was removed as director in October 2000, and was appointed an associate research professor in the institute, a position he held until he left Baylor in 2005. Gordon was named interim director and the center was renamed the Baylor Science and Religion Project and placed under the supervision of the institute. By 2002, it had been again renamed to the Baylor Center for Science, Philosophy and Religion. By 2003,

15252-612: Was the main French thrust. In the early hours of 16 June, at the Duchess of Richmond's ball in Brussels, he received a dispatch from the Prince of Orange and was shocked by the speed of Napoleon's advance. He hastily ordered his army to concentrate on Quatre Bras , where the Prince of Orange, with the brigade of Prince Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar , was holding a tenuous position against the soldiers of Ney's left wing. Prince Bernhard and General Perponcher were by all accounts better informed of

15376-604: Was very slow. The roads were in poor condition after the night's heavy rain, and Bülow's men had to pass through the congested streets of Wavre and move 88 artillery pieces. Matters were not helped when a fire broke out in Wavre, blocking several streets along Bülow's intended route. As a result, the last part of the corps left at 10:00, six hours after the leading elements had moved out towards Waterloo. Bülow's men were followed to Waterloo first by I Corps and then by II Corps. Napoleon breakfasted off silver plate at Le Caillou,

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