48-402: The Microlino is a four-wheeled , battery electric bubble car manufactured by the company Micro since its introduction in 2022. Made in two variants, it is classified as either a light or a heavy quadricycle, with the latter having a top speed of 90 km/h. The Microlino is equipped with a trunk, a sunroof, a front-opening door, and externally mounted headlights. It can be charged with either
96-409: A G license . The G license is a "general" license for automobile drivers such as cars, small vans and trucks. The "E.U. moped" is a scooter, moped (or similar) with two, three or four wheels, a maximum speed of 45 km/h (28 mph) and an obligatory license plate as proof of insurance. Many E.U. countries only require special insurer issued plates, not state-issued plates. The second category
144-417: A class 6 motorcycle license . In 2009, weight restrictions were removed, and the speed limit increased from 50 km/h (30 mph) to 70 km/h (45 mph). A Class 7 license is the minimum requirement to operate a moped. They are allowed to carry more than one person provided the user is over 18 years of age. Mopeds are subject to all of the same traffic laws as other vehicles, and all riders must wear
192-447: A "road safety certificate" category of drivers licence, which is available to people 14 years or older. The quadricycle must be speed limited to 45 km/h (28 mph) and have a petrol motor up to 50 cc (3.1 cu in) or be electric or diesel powered up to 4 kW (5.4 hp). In the UK before October 2000, a person who passed a motorcycle test was automatically granted
240-477: A 125 cc (7.6 cu in) scooter or motorcycle, go for the less expensive AM driver's license, which allows them to drive a moped or scooter with a maximum speed of 45 km/h (28 mph), but less than 1% chose a moped over a scooter based bike. Modern scooter design and amenities have effectively changed how teens chose their first set of wheels in Germany. The 25 km/h (15 mph) category has
288-427: A 16-year-old can now drive a 125 cc (7.6 cu in) bike and scooters in the "moped" category allow for transporting a passenger comfortably, mopeds, even though they have less power, more appeal, and space, have almost disappeared as a result of the new E.U. laws. Most teens that do not have the money for the costly A1 driver's license (first step towards the full motorcycle license), which allows them to drive
336-500: A 98 cc (6.0 cu in) engine were known as autocycles. On the other hand, some mopeds, such as the Czech-made Jawa , were derived from motorcycles. A further category of low-powered two-wheelers exists today in some jurisdictions for bicycles with helper motors – these are often defined as power-assisted bicycles or motorized bicycles . Other jurisdictions may categorize the same machines as mopeds, creating
384-546: A bicycle. Some mopeds have a step-through frame design, while others have motorcycle frame designs, including a backbone and a raised fuel tank, mounted directly between the saddle and the head tube . Some resemble motorized bicycles , similar to modern ebikes . Most are similar to a regular motorcycle but with pedals and a crankset that may be used with or instead of motor drive. Although mopeds usually have two wheels, some jurisdictions classify low-powered three- or four-wheeled vehicles (including ATVs and go-kart ) as
432-484: A blue license plate, occupants require a speed pedelec bike or motor helmet (NTA 8776) and have to use cycle side lanes. If electric powered they can also drive on segregated bike paths. On some 30 km/h(18 mph) roads in Amsterdam it is mandatory for all mopeds to use the carriageway instead of the cycle side lanes. The 45 km/h (30 mph) category has a yellow license plate, occupants are required to wear
480-527: A certain amount of confusion. In many countries three-wheelers and microcars are classified as mopeds or variations thereof. This practice is not restricted to the third world; France and Belgium classify microcars such as the Aixam similarly or as " light quadricycles ". The Ariel 3 , a motorised three-wheeler is classed as a moped. As of 1977, the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic considers
528-566: A full bike licence. Anything more powerful or more heavy requires a full car licence to be legally driven as a vehicle on UK roads. Moped A moped ( MOH -ped ) is a type of small motorcycle , generally having a less stringent licensing requirement than full motorcycles or automobiles . Historically, the term exclusively meant a similar vehicle with both bicycle pedals and a motorcycle engine . Mopeds typically travel only slightly faster than bicycles on public roads. Traditional mopeds are distinguishable by their pedals, similar to
SECTION 10
#1732787807784576-409: A full sub-category B1 licence, allowing them to drive a lightweight car (an unladen weight of 550 kg (1,213 lb) or less), a motor quadricycle or a motor tricycle. Since 2000 these small cars have been split in two different classifications, light and heavy quadricycles. A Light quadricycle, a micro car with less than 6kW of power, and an unladen mass no more than 425 kg can be driven on
624-629: A g/km basis and was unaffected by fuel economy. Currently in the United States, the EPA allows motorcycles, scooters, and mopeds with engine displacements less than 280 cc (17 cu in) to emit ten times the NOx and six times the CO as the median Tier II bin 5 automobile regulations. An additional air quality problem can also arise from the use of moped and scooter transportation over automobiles, as
672-446: A helmet, while ensuring their moped is insured and registered. Regulations have changed: as of July 1, 2009, there is no longer a weight restriction and speed has increased to 70 km/h (45 mph). In British Columbia , mopeds (limited-speed motorcycles) and motor assisted cycles (MAC) have separate and distinct classifications and requirements. The following criteria apply to a moped (limited speed motorcycle): Definition of
720-597: A helper motor in various locations, for example on top of the front wheel; they were also called cyclemotors. An example of that type is the VéloSoleX brand, which simply has a roller driving the front tire. A more innovative design was known in the UK as the Cyclemaster . This had a complete powered rear wheel which was simply substituted for the bicycle rear wheel, which originated from a design by two DKW engineers in Germany. Slightly larger machines, commonly with
768-412: A higher density of motorized vehicles can be supported by existing transportation infrastructure . Safely riding a moped mostly requires the same considerations as safely riding a motorcycle . However the lower speeds reduce some dangers and increase others. The biggest danger is that other traffic may not notice the presence of a moped; bright clothes and reflective fittings help. Drivers may even see
816-609: A household or a Type 2 connector with no fast charging capability. As a microcar, it contains aspects of a car and motorcycle, and has 50% fewer parts than a typical automobile. Micro Mobility Systems debuted the Microlino at the 86th Geneva Motor Show in 2016. The vehicle's concept was developed with the Zurich University of Applied Sciences . The idea for the Microlino originated from Wim, Oliver, and Merlin Ouboter,
864-547: A limited-speed motorcycle: Requirements for operation of a moped (limited speed motorcycle): In Ontario , "a moped is a motor-assisted bicycle fitted with pedals that can be operated at all times and has a maximum speed of 50 km/h (31 mph)". A motor assisted bicycle is a bicycle: Since 28 November 2005, moped drivers are required to have either a full M license or a restricted class M license to legally ride on roads in Ontario. Prior to that date riders only required
912-451: A moped provided that person could read and be physically able. However, in 1998 the minimum age limit was changed to 18 years, since Brazilian Law does not allow minors to be criminally responsible, which contradicts the 1997 New Code of Transit, that states that being criminally responsible is a requirement to be able to get a license. In Alberta , mopeds up to 49 cc (3.0 cu in) and over 55 kg (121 lb) used to require
960-492: A moped. In some countries, a moped can be any motorcycle with an engine capacity below 100 cc (6.1 cu in) (most commonly 50 cc (3.1 cu in) or lower). The word moped was coined by the Swedish journalist Harald Nielsen in 1952, as a portmanteau of the Swedish words motor and pedaler . The claimed derivation from the term motor- velocipede is incorrect. According to Douglas Harper ,
1008-465: A motor helmet (ECE 22.05 or ECE 22.06). These mopeds always must use the carriageway, except when there is a compulsory moped-cycle side lane. Mopeds in Norway used to go at least 50 km/h (30 mph) (usually 55–65 km/h; 35 to 40 mph) before adaptation of EU regulations. With the 45 km/h (30 mph) speed limit tuning the engines are common. Until August 1, 2013 operators could have
SECTION 20
#17327878077841056-425: A passenger on if they were under 10 years old, but from this date, a passenger is no longer allowed. Before 19 January 2013, the speed restriction was 50 kilometres per hour (31 mph), and mopeds registered before 1 September 1977 were required to have pedal-assistance. A provisional licence, full motorcycle or car licence is needed to operate a moped. An additional Compulsory Basic Training (CBT) certificate
1104-425: A specific vehicle classification for mopeds. Produced by U.S. manufacturers such as American Machine and Foundry (AMF), mopeds had very small engines and often could not exceed 30 mph (48 km/h). What they could do, however, was run for up to 220 miles (350 km) on one tank of fuel. Because of the problems caused by the 1970s energy crisis , mopeds quickly became popular, with more than 250,000 people in
1152-408: Is a licence category called AM-121, introduced in 2013, separately for quadricycles, although M-class ( moped ) licenses issued before 2013 qualify as well. Higher categories of licences (A1, A and B) automatically qualify for quadricycles, but age limits of A1, A and B are 16, 18 and 18, respectively. Some have been concerned about the danger that quadricycles' low speed poses to other traffic. Over
1200-493: Is also required to ride a moped on public roads, except for anyone who obtained their full car driving licence before 1 February 2001 (though the UK Government recommends that all new riders take a CBT course). A provisional moped licence may be obtained at the age of 16, whereas standard car and motorcycles licences are only available at the age of 17. Provisional licences require learner plates and expire after two years if
1248-480: Is capable of going faster. In a few states this number is 20 or 25 mph (32 or 40 km/h), and in most states, the maximum engine capacity is 50 cc (3.1 cu in). However, Kansas ("Motorized Bicycle" K.S.A. 8-126, 8-1439a) allows up to 130 cc (7.9 cu in). Some states require pedals, while others do not. In the United Kingdom during the 1970s, a high-performance derivation of
1296-696: Is not as safe as a purpose-designed motorcycle. A survey of Finnish high school vocational and gymnasium students found that 80% and 70% of their respective mopeds were tuned. Only 10% of trade school students had a moped that conformed to legislation. The average maximum speed was 72 km/h (45 mph), far higher than the legally allowable 45 km/h (28 mph). Another study reported that of school-age moped owners, 50% of boys and 15% of girls have an illegally tuned moped. Mopeds in Australia have to be registered and thus ADR approved in order to be ridden on Australian roads. All requirements are listed in
1344-405: Is the moped, with a maximum design speed of 45 km/h (28 mph), the minimum age is 16, a drivers license is required, one passenger is allowed if the moped or scooter is certified for a passenger. Both types need an insurer issued license plate, which is much smaller than regular state-issued plates, which have to be renewed every 12 months, changing the color of the plates every year. Since
1392-400: The 2022 Paris Motor Show , previewing future production models. In 2019 a collaboration between Microlino and CECOMP , an Italian automotive company established in 1978, was started in order to refine both the design as well as the engineering of the Microlino 1.0 to the more modern Microlino 2.0. Cecomp is also the manufacturing partner for series production. A special introductory edition
1440-459: The hydrocarbons and particulate emissions of the outdated Euro 3 automobile standards. In the same study, four-stroke mopeds, with and without catalytic converters, emitted three to eight times the hydrocarbons and particulate emissions of the Euro 3 automobile standards. Approximate parity with automobiles was achieved with NOx emissions in these studies. Emissions performance was tested on
1488-532: The 1970s, use of mopeds in the United States was relatively rare due to legal restrictions on the devices in many states. In 1972, Serge Seguin, after writing a masters thesis on the European moped, received two mopeds and a small amount of money from the French company Motobécane to promote the vehicle. After lobbying Congress on its fuel efficiency benefits, Seguin was able to get more than 30 states to devise
Microlino - Misplaced Pages Continue
1536-422: The Swedish terms originated from "( trampcykel med ) mo (tor och ) ped (aler )", which means "pedal cycle with engine and pedals" (the earliest versions had auxiliary pedals). Like some of the earliest two wheeled motorcycles, all mopeds were once equipped with bicycle pedals. The term "moped" now only applies to low-power (often super-economy) vehicles, but pedals were fitted to some early motorcycles, such as
1584-593: The Swiss family behind the Micro Kickscooter, and the car was initially produced in China. They designed a vehicle for space-saving and efficient urban mobility. The Microlino is designed to be as small and maneuverable as a motorcycle while offering protection against rough weather. The design is similar to 1950s Isetta bubble cars . The Microlino Lite and Microlino Spiaggina are two concepts presented at
1632-533: The United States owning one in 1977. However, as gasoline prices eventually moved down, licensing laws took their toll, and automobile companies devised more efficient cars, the moped's popularity began to fade. Legal terms and definitions of low-powered cycles vary from state to state and may include "moped", "motorcycle", "motorbike", "motorized bicycle", " motor scooter ", "scooter", "goped", "motor-driven cycle", and others. A moped's speed generally may not exceed 30 mph (48 km/h) on level ground, even if it
1680-405: The consumer affairs website. Helmets are mandatory. From 1997 onwards, the legal definition of moped changed to "a two- or three-wheeled vehicle having an internal combustion engine with displacement inferior to 50 cc (3.1 cu in) and maximum factory speed of less than 50 km/h (31 mph)". The 1997 New Code of Transit also stated that any person aged 14 or older could ride
1728-541: The licence holder has not passed a test, however it can be extended another two years by retaking the CBT. Mopeds are subject to all of the same traffic and vehicle regulation laws as other vehicles, including displaying a conforming rear registration plate . All motorised cycles, motorcycles and mopeds under 50 cc are prohibited from using UK motorways, due to their limited top speed of 30 miles an hour, meaning they are not able to drive safely among other vehicles. Prior to
1776-487: The mass of batteries in the case of electric vehicles, whose maximum net engine power does not exceed 15 kW and a maximum design vehicle speed of 90 km/h. The age limit for light quadricycles is 15, while it is 18 years for cars in general. Mopeds have been traditionally popular in Finland among youth, and light quadricycles have been introduced into the same niche. Light quadricycles are locally called "moped cars". There
1824-451: The mass of the batteries in case of electric vehicles , whose maximum design speed is not more than 45 km/h, and: Quadricycles (L7e), also referred to as Heavy quadricycles, are defined by Framework Directive 2002/24/EC as motor vehicles with four wheels other than those referred to as light quadricycles, whose unladen mass is not more than 450 kg for passenger vehicles or 600 kg for vehicles intended for carrying goods not including
1872-464: The moped any two-wheeled or three-wheeled vehicle which is fitted with an internal combustion engine having a cylinder capacity not exceeding 50 cc. Mopeds can achieve fuel economy of over 100 mpg ‑US (2.4 L/100 km; 120 mpg ‑imp ). The emissions of mopeds have been the subject of multiple studies. Studies have found that two-stroke 50 cc mopeds, with and without catalytic converters, emit ten to thirty times
1920-682: The moped concept was developed, aimed at 16-year-olds. It was created in order to circumvent governmental legislation aimed at forcing young motorcycle riders off the road . These new laws, called the "Sixteener Law", were introduced by John Peyton , the then Conservative Party Minister for Transport in 1971. They forbade 16-year-olds from riding motorcycles of up to 250 cc (15 cu in) capacity as they had done before, and limited them to 50 cc (3.1 cu in) machines until they were 17. The law provoked motorcycle manufacturers to develop new class of motorcycle which were then called "sports mopeds" or, colloquially, "sixteener specials" and
1968-807: The moped, recognize it as harmless to them and simply forget it is there, pulling out of side-turnings into its path. Similarly, a car approaching a moped from behind will approach it more quickly than the driver expects, and the driver's attention may be more attuned to other automobile traffic rather than the moped, increasing the likelihood of an accident. This is a particular problem for mopeds used on high-speed roads where they may not be intended to travel. Mopeds are often tuned for higher speeds, powers or engine displacements. For this to be legally allowed in most jurisdictions, such vehicles should be re-registered as motorcycles, and their driver's license requirements, taxes, insurance costs, and minimum driver age may be higher. A tuned vehicle, not designed for higher speeds,
Microlino - Misplaced Pages Continue
2016-513: The most famous of which was the Yamaha FS1-E . They included roadsters, enduro and motocrossers , cafe racers and choppers or scooters, and led to a boom interest in motorcycling similar to the early 1960 rocker period. The government responded again by bringing in even more restrictive legislation in 1977 which limited mopeds to a weight of 250 kg (550 lb) and a top speed to 30 mph (48 km/h). The move contributed to
2064-544: The past decade, Finland has been considering replacing quadricycles with cars with speed limiters; this topic became controversial in February 2017 after the Sastamala quadricycle accident [ fi ] in Sastamala , Pirkanmaa , Finland. In France, small cars which are classified as Voiture Sans Permis ( vehicle without licence ) can be driven without a driving licence . Certain quadricycles can be driven on
2112-442: The pictured 1912 Douglas. Pedaling away from stationary was a great improvement over "run and jump" and light pedal assistance (LPA) was valuable for climbing hills. Better transmissions with wider ranges, better clutches and much better engine performance made pedals obsolete on most motorcycles by 1918 but the pedals on mopeds remained valuable for their original purposes as late as the 1990s. The earliest mopeds were bicycles with
2160-404: The same requirements for light quadricycles as for mopeds. This directive includes a recommendation to specify a minimum driving age of 16 years, although the age limit actually varies between 14 and 18 years between countries. Light quadricycles (L6e) are defined by Framework Directive 2002/24/EC as: "motor vehicles with four wheels whose unladen mass is not more than 425 kg, not including
2208-601: Was officially created in 1992, when the European Union published Directive 92/61/EEC which decreed that quadricycles fell into the same category as mopeds . In 2002, Framework Directive 2002/24/EC then refined this definition by distinguishing between light and heavy quadricycles (L6e and L7e categories). The framework for drivers licences of light quadricycles in the EU was released in 2006, with Directive 2006/126 (the third Driving Licence directive). This directive applies
2256-744: Was projected for manufacture in mid-2022, at the company's factory in Turin. In 2022, after the 2016 Geneva Motor Show , the company launched a lawsuit against a competing manufacturer and began an extensive redesign process. Quadricycle (EU vehicle classification) The quadricycle is a European Union vehicle category for four-wheeled microcars , which allows these vehicles to be designed to less stringent requirements when compared to regular cars. Quadricycles are defined by limitations in terms of weight, engine power and speed. There are two categories of quadricycles: light quadricycles (L6e) and heavy quadricycles (L7e). The quadricycle classification
2304-494: Was subject to much criticism. The market for these was primarily young males. Sports mopeds were ostensibly 50 cc (3.1 cu in) motorcycles, capable of doing more than 50 mph (80 km/h) in some cases, with bicycle-style pedals added to them which the law required were capable of propelling the vehicle. Models were produced by Japanese manufacturers Honda, Yamaha and Suzuki, and European companies such as Puch, Fantic, Gilera, Gitane and Garelli from 1972 onwards,
#783216