Misplaced Pages

#373626

40-635: Image Composite Editor is an advanced panoramic image stitcher made by the Microsoft Research division of Microsoft Corporation . The application takes a set of overlapping photographs of a scene shot from a single camera location and creates a high-resolution panorama incorporating all the source images at full resolution. The stitched panorama can be saved in a wide variety of file formats , from common formats like JPEG and TIFF to multi-resolution tiled formats like HD View and Deep Zoom , as well as allowing multi-resolution upload to

80-723: A circumference of 112 meters. In the same year of 1881, the Dutch marine painter Hendrik Willem Mesdag created and established the Panorama Mesdag of The Hague , Netherlands , a cylindrical painting more than 14 metres high and roughly 40 meters in diameter (120 meters in circumference). In the United States of America is the Atlanta Cyclorama , depicting the Civil War Battle of Atlanta . It

120-585: A combined rudder and propeller for ships that was honed in the 20th century. He died at Battle , near Hastings, aged 85, and is buried in the cemetery there. The Ronalds Library was bequeathed to the newly formed Society of Telegraph Engineers (soon to become the Institution of Electrical Engineers and now the Institution of Engineering and Technology ) and its accompanying bibliography was reprinted by Cambridge University Press in 2013. Ronalds had

160-431: A painting, shown on a cylindrical surface and viewed from the inside, giving viewers a vantage point encompassing the entire circle of the horizon, rendering the original scene with high fidelity. The inaugural exhibition, a "View of Edinburgh" (specifically the view from the summit of Calton Hill ), was first shown in that city in 1788, then transported to London in 1789. By 1793, Barker had built "The Panorama" rotunda at

200-673: A popular exhibition at that time. Ronalds set up the Kew Observatory for the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1842 and he remained Honorary Director of the facility until late 1853. It was through the quality of his achievements there that the Kew Observatory survived its early years and it went on to become one of the most important meteorological and geomagnetic observatories in

240-641: A variety of constructions can be used to make panoramic images. A popular design is the "oatmeal box", a vertical cylindrical container in which the pinhole is made in one side and the film or photographic paper is wrapped around the inside wall opposite, and extending almost right to the edge of, the pinhole. This generates an egg-shaped image with more than 180° view. Popular in the 1970s and 1980s, but now superseded by digital presentation software, Multi-image (also known as multi-image slide presentations, slide shows or diaporamas) 35mm slide projections onto one or more screens characteristically lent themselves to

280-556: A very modest and retiring nature and did little to publicise his work through his life. During his last years, however, his key accomplishments became well known and revered in the scientific community, aided in particular by his friends Josiah Latimer Clark and Edward Sabine and his brother-in-law Samuel Carter . He was knighted at the age of 82. Colleagues at the Society of Telegraph Engineers regarded him as "the father of electric telegraphy", while his continuously recording camera

320-472: The Microsoft Photosynth site. It can also be saved to a web page with a zoomable viewer using a third-party template . As of 2021 the program is no longer available for download from Microsoft though it can be found on various other sources such as Internet Archive. However, Microsoft ICE currently does not provide any anti-ghosting mechanism, like other panorama stitching programmes do, e.g.

360-672: The Panoscan allows the capture of high resolution panoramic images and eliminates the need for image stitching , but immersive "spherical" panorama movies (that incorporate a full 180° vertical viewing angle as well as 360° around) must be made by stitching multiple images. Stitching images together can be used to create extremely high resolution gigapixel panoramic images. On rare occasions, 360° panoramic movies have been constructed for specially designed display spaces—typically at theme parks , world's fairs , and museums. Starting in 1955, Disney has created 360° theaters for its parks and

400-545: The Philosophical Magazine in 1814 on the properties of the dry pile , a form of battery that his mentor Jean-André Deluc helped to develop. The next year he described the first electric clock . Other inventions in this early period included an electrograph to record variations in atmospheric electricity through the day; an influence machine that generated electricity with minimal manual intervention; and new forms of electrical insulation, one of which

440-530: The Swiss Transport Museum in Lucerne, Switzerland, features a theatre that is a large cylindrical space with an arrangement of screens whose bottom is several metres above the floor. Panoramic systems that are less than 360° around also exist. For example, Cinerama used a very wide curved screen, with three synchronized projectors, and IMAX Dome / OMNIMAX movies are projected on a dome above

SECTION 10

#1732800936374

480-704: The age of 14 through the Drapers' Company . He ran the large business for some years. The family later resided in Canonbury Place and Highbury Terrace, both in Islington , at Kelmscott House in Hammersmith, Queen Square in Bloomsbury, at Croydon , and on Chiswick Lane. Several of Ronalds' eleven brothers and sisters also led noteworthy lives. His youngest brother Alfred Ronalds authored

520-657: The angular separation of distant objects. He also invented a forerunner to the fire finder patented in 1915 to pinpoint the location of a fire, as well as various accessories for the lathe . Some of these devices were manufactured for sale by toolmaker Holtzapffel . There is some evidence to suggest that he assisted Charles Holtzapffel in the early stages of preparing the Holtzapffel family's renowned treatise on turning. On 23 March 1825, he patented two drawing instruments for producing perspective sketches; numerous engravings and lithographs survive that he made using

560-516: The aspect of illusion, immersed in a winding 360-degree panorama and given the impression of standing in a new environment. The panorama was a 360-degree visual medium patented under the title  Apparatus for Exhibiting Pictures by the artist Robert Barker in 1787. The earliest that the word "panorama" appeared in print was on June 11, 1791, in the British newspaper The Morning Chronicle , referring to this visual spectacle. Barker created

600-492: The center of London's entertainment district in Leicester Square , where it remained attracting visitors for 70 years, then closing in 1863, before being converted into the church of Notre Dame de France . Inventor Sir Francis Ronalds developed a machine to remove errors in perspective that were created when a sequence of planar sketches was combined into a cylinder. It also projected the cylindrical drawing onto

640-518: The classic book The Fly-fisher's Entomology (1836) with Ronalds' assistance before migrating to Australia. His brother Hugh was one of the founders of the city of Albion in the American Midwest, and sister Emily Ronalds epitomised the family's interest in social reform. Other sisters married Samuel Carter – a railway solicitor and MP – and sugar-refiner Peter Martineau, the son of Peter Finch Martineau . Nurseryman Hugh Ronalds

680-406: The first description of the effects of induction in retarding electric signal transmission in insulated cables. Ronalds' most remembered work today is the electric telegraph he created at the age of 28. He established that electrical signals could be transmitted over large distances with 8 miles (13 km) of iron wire strung on insulators on his mother's lawn in Hammersmith. He found that

720-402: The invention for observational science. He applied his technique in electrographs to observe atmospheric electricity , barographs and thermo-hygrographs to monitor the weather, and magnetographs to record the three components of geomagnetic force . The magnetographs were used by Edward Sabine in his global geomagnetic survey while the barograph and thermo-hygrograph were employed by

760-400: The machines. The first of these instruments produced a perspective view of an object directly from drawings of the plan and elevations. The second one enabled a scene or person to be traced from life onto paper with considerable precision; he and Dr Alexander Blair used it to document the important Neolithic monuments at Carnac , France, with "almost photographic accuracy". He also created

800-497: The most common method for creating wide views. Not long after the introduction of the Daguerreotype in 1839, photographers began assembling multiple images of a view into a single wide image. In the late 19th century, flexible film enabled the construction of panoramic cameras using curved film holders and clockwork drives to rotate the lens in an arc and thus scan an image encompassing almost 180 degrees. Pinhole cameras of

840-637: The new Met Office to assist its first weather forecasts . Ronalds also supervised the manufacture of his instruments for other observatories around the world (the Radcliffe Observatory under Manuel John Johnson and the Colaba Observatory in India are two examples) and some continued in use until late in the 20th century. Further instruments created at Kew included an improved version of Regnault 's aspirated hygrometer that

SECTION 20

#1732800936374

880-404: The open source programme Hugin (software) and various commercial applications. Panoramic A panoramic view is also purposed for multimedia, cross-scale applications to an outline overview (from a distance) along and across repositories. This so-called "cognitive panorama" is a panoramic view over, and a combination of, cognitive spaces used to capture the larger scale. The device of

920-619: The panorama existed in painting, particularly in murals , as early as 20 A.D., in those found in Pompeii , as a means of generating an immersive " panoptic " experience of a vista . Cartographic experiments during the Enlightenment era preceded European panorama painting and contributed to a formative impulse toward panoramic vision and depiction. This novel perspective was quickly conveyed to America by Benjamin Franklin who

960-536: The panorama format. A vertical panorama or vertorama is a panorama with an upright orientation instead of a horizontal. It is created using the same techniques as when making a horizontal panorama. Digital photography of the late twentieth century greatly simplified this assembly process, which is now known as image stitching . Such stitched images may even be fashioned into forms of virtual reality movies, using technologies such as QuickTime VR , Flash , Java , or even JavaScript . A rotating line camera such as

1000-526: The signal travelled immeasurably fast from one end to the other (but still believed the speed was finite). Foreshadowing both a future electrical age and mass communication, he wrote: electricity, may actually be employed for a more practically useful purpose than the gratification of the philosopher's inquisitive research… it may be compelled to travel   ... many hundred miles beneath our feet   ... and   ... be productive of   ... much public and private benefit   ... why   ... add to

1040-400: The spectators. Panoramic representation can be generated from digital elevation models such as SRTM . In these diagrams, a panorama from any given point can be generated and imaged from the data. Francis Ronalds Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer . He

1080-771: The telegraph only began two decades later in the UK, led by William Fothergill Cooke and Charles Wheatstone , who both had links to Ronalds' earlier work. The period 1818–20 was Ronalds' " Grand Tour " to Europe and the Near East. Embarking on his trip alone, he met up with numerous people along the way, including his friend Sir Frederick Henniker , archaeologist Giovanni Battista Belzoni , artist Giovanni Battista Lusieri , merchant Walter Stevenson Davidson, Revd George Waddington , Italian numismatist Giulio Cordero di San Quintino and Spanish geologist Carlos de Gimbernat . Ronalds' travel journal and sketches have been published on

1120-509: The torments of absence those dilatory tormentors, pens, ink, paper, and posts? Let us have electrical conversazione offices, communicating with each other all over the kingdom   . He complemented his vision with a working telegraph system built in and under his mother's garden at Hammersmith. It was infamously rejected on 5 August 1816 by Sir John Barrow , Secretary at the Admiralty , as being "wholly unnecessary". Commercialisation of

1160-439: The ubiquitous portable tripod stand ; his original model had three pairs of hinged legs to support his drawing board in the field. He manufactured these instruments himself and several hundred of them were sold. One of his first customers was mining engineer John Taylor . In 1840, he applied his understanding of perspective in developing more complex apparatus to aid the accurate depiction of cylindrical panoramas , which were

1200-559: The wall of the rotunda at much larger scale to enable its accurate painting. The apparatus was exhibited at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in the early 1840s. Large scale installations enhance the illusion for an audience of being surrounded with a real landscape. The Bourbaki Panorama in Lucerne , Switzerland was created by Edouard Castres in 1881. The painting measures about 10 metres in height with

1240-486: The web. On his return, he published his atmospheric electricity observations made in Palermo , Sicily, and near the erupting crater of Vesuvius . Ronalds next focused on mechanical and civil engineering and design. Two surveying tools he designed and used to aid the production of survey plans were a modified surveyor's wheel that recorded distances travelled in graphical form and a double-reflecting sector to draw

Image Composite Editor - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-408: The wide screen panorama. They could run autonomously with silent synchronization pulses to control projector advance and fades, recorded beside an audio voice-over or music track . Precisely overlapping slides placed in slide mounts with soft-edge density masks would merge seamlessly on the screen to create the panorama. Cutting and dissolving between sequential images generated animation effects in

1320-471: The world. This was despite ongoing efforts by George Airy , Director of the Greenwich Observatory , to undermine the work at Kew. Ronalds' most noteworthy innovation at Kew, in 1845, was the first successful camera to make continuous recordings of an instrument 24 hours per day. The British Prime Minister Lord John Russell gave him a financial award in recognition of the importance of

1360-413: Was announced by Singer. He was also already creating what would become the renowned Ronalds Library of electrical books and managing his collection with perhaps the first practical card catalogue . His theoretical contributions included an early delineation of the parameters now known as electromotive force and current; an appreciation of the mechanism by which dry piles generated electricity ; and

1400-543: Was employed for many years; an early meteorological kite ; and the storm clock used to monitor rapid changes in meteorological parameters during extreme events. To observe atmospheric electricity, Ronalds created a sophisticated collecting apparatus with a suite of electrometers ; the equipment was later manufactured and sold by London instrument-makers. A dataset of five years' duration was analysed and published by his observatory colleague William Radcliffe Birt . The phenomenon now known as geomagnetically induced current

1440-734: Was first displayed in 1887, and is 42 feet high by 358 feet circumference (13 × 109 metres). Also on a gigantic scale, and still extant, is the Racławice Panorama (1893) located in Wrocław , Poland , which measures 15 × 120 metres. In addition to these historical examples, there have been panoramas painted and installed in modern times; prominent among these is the Velaslavasay Panorama in Los Angeles, California (2004). Panoramic photography soon came to displace painting as

1480-643: Was his uncle, and his nephews included chemistry professor Edmund Ronalds , artist Hugh Carter , barrister John Corrie Carter and timber merchant and benefactor James Montgomrey . Thomas Field Gibson , a Royal Commissioner for the Great Exhibition of 1851, was one of his cousins. Ronalds was conducting electrical experiments by 1810: those on atmospheric electricity were outlined in George Singer 's text Elements of Electricity and Electro-Chemistry (1814). He published his first papers in

1520-486: Was knighted for creating the first working electric telegraph over a substantial distance. In 1816 he laid an 8-mile (13 km) length of iron wire between wooden frames in his mother's garden and sent pulses using electrostatic generators . Born to Francis Ronalds and Jane (née Field), wholesale cheesemongers, at their business premises at 109 Upper Thames Street , London, he attended Unitarian minister Eliezer Cogan 's school before being apprenticed to his father at

1560-626: Was observed on telegraph lines in 1848 during the first sunspot peak after the network began to take shape. Ronalds endeavoured to employ his atmospheric electricity equipment and magnetographs in a detailed study to understand the cause of the anomalies but had insufficient resources to complete his work. Ronalds' final foreign sojourn in 1853–1862 was to northern Italy, Switzerland and France, where he assisted other observatories in building and installing his meteorological instruments and continued collecting books for his library. Some of his ideas documented in this period concerned electric lighting and

1600-679: Was present for the first manned balloon flight by the Montgolfier brothers in 1783, and by the American-born physician, John Jeffries who had joined French aeronaut Jean Pierre Blanchard on flights over England and the first aerial crossing of the English Channel in 1785. In the mid-19th century, panoramic paintings and models became a very popular way to represent landscapes , topographic views and historical events . Audiences of Europe in this period were thrilled by

#373626