143-515: The Mid Day Meal Scheme is a school meal programme in India designed to better the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide. The scheme has been renamed as PM-POSHAN Scheme. The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in government primary and upper primary schools, government aided Anganwadis , Madarsa and Maqtabs . Serving 120 million children in over 1.27 million schools and Education Guarantee Scheme centres,
286-786: A biodiversity hotspot , includes the western region of Karnataka. The Bandipur and Nagarahole National Parks were included in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in 1986, a UNESCO designation. The Indian roller and the Indian elephant are recognised as the state bird and animal while sandalwood and the lotus are recognised as the state tree and flower respectively. Karnataka has five national parks: Anshi , Bandipur , Bannerghatta , Kudremukh and Nagarhole . It also has 27 wildlife sanctuaries of which seven are bird sanctuaries. Wild animals that are found in Karnataka include
429-897: A cereal which is locally available, made in a way that conforms to prevailing local customs. Each child receives milk, and either soup or vegetables cooked as curry . Under the scheme of the Indian government, each primary level student must be provided with 100 grams of food grains each day, along with 20 grams of protein, 50 grams of leafy vegetables and 5 grams of oil and fat. For upper-primary and senior students, they must be provided with 150 grams of food grains, 30 grams of protein, 75 grams of leafy vegetables and 7.5 grams of oil and fat. In accordance with nutritional guidelines, primary level students are given 450 grams of calories and 12 grams of proteins each day and senior and upper-primary level students are given 700 grams of calories and 20 grams of proteins each day. The rice and other graines served during
572-551: A paleolithic hand-axe culture evidenced by discoveries of, among other things, hand axes and cleavers in the region. Evidence of neolithic and megalithic cultures have also been found in the state. Gold discovered in Harappa was found to be imported from mines in Karnataka, prompting scholars to hypothesise about contacts between ancient Karnataka and the Indus Valley civilisation c. 3300 BCE . Prior to
715-697: A royalist during the American Revolutionary War , he had become distrusted and left for England in 1784. In Munich, Thompson founded the Poor People's Institute which employed both adults and children to make uniforms for the German Army . They were fed and clothed for their work and the children were taught reading, writing and arithmetic. Years later, Thompson would feed 60,000 people a day from his soup kitchen in London . In
858-439: A school , typically in the middle or beginning of the school day. Countries around the world offer various kinds of school meal programs , and altogether, these are among the world's largest social safety nets . An estimated 380 million school children around the world receive meals (or snacks or take-home rations) at their respective schools. The extent of school feeding coverage varies from country to country, and as of 2020,
1001-670: A baked food item made with dates. In April 2012, the State of Osun in Nigeria started a statewide school meals programme for all public elementary school pupils. It is called the O'Meals programme (an acronym for the Osun Elementary School Feeding and Health Programme). As of July 2014, it was providing lunch to over 252,000 children in 100% of Osun's elementary schools. In addition to staples such as rice, beans, and yams served with stews, soups, and vegetables,
1144-582: A cafeteria. To make lunches affordable for students, municipalities pay for the labor costs, while parents, who are billed monthly, pay for the ingredients. These typically cost about 250 to 300 yen (about US$ 3) per meal per student. There are reduced-price and free options for poorer families. The daily lunches are designed by nutritionists to provide a balanced yet tasty meal for schoolchildren, working especially to appeal to picky or unhealthy eaters. According to Chico Harlan: Though Japan's central government sets basic nutritional guidelines, regulation
1287-441: A canteen where they purchase food and drinks from vendors. School canteens usually offer Malay , Chinese , and Indian foods, with varieties of rice, noodles, and breads. The average Malaysian school canteen offers varieties of Nasi Lemak , Nasi Goreng , Chicken Rice , Popiah , and Laksa . School canteens sell food and drinks at reduced prices. Underprivileged students can apply for the free-food program – which, depending on
1430-585: A chieftain of the Vijayanagara Empire, widely held as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a fort and established the area around it as Bengaluru Pete . In 1565, Karnataka and the rest of South India experienced a major geopolitical shift when the Vijayanagara empire fell to a confederation of Islamic sultanates in the Battle of Talikota . The Bijapur Sultanate , which had risen after
1573-1097: A child and homewarming by donating to the midday meals served in the local schools. It is voluntarily served by the community/family among school children in several forms such as sweets and savoury snacks, along with regular MDM, full meals, supplementary nutritive items like sprouted beans, and contributions in kind such as cookware, utensils, dinner sets or glasses for drinking water. The concept has been adopted by 10 other states, some with local nomenclatures like "Sampriti Bhojan" in Assam , "Dham" in Himachal Pradesh , "Sneh Bhojan" in Maharashtra , "Shalegagi Naavu Neevu" in Karnataka , "Anna Dhanam" in Puducherry , "Priti Bhoj" in Punjab and "Utsav Bhoj" in Rajasthan . In
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#17327655580391716-467: A cooked midday meal with 300 calories and 12 grams of protein is provided to all children enrolled in classes one to five. In October 2007, the scheme included students in upper primary classes of six to eight in 3,479 educationally backward blocks, and the name was changed from National Programme for Nutrition Support to Primary Education to National Programme of Mid Day Meals in Schools. Though cooked food
1859-540: A degree of assistance with costs. Lower-cost meals are available to students in such countries as France , Italy , Hong Kong , Japan , Portugal , and the United States . In some programs, meals are made available for purchase in school cafeterias/canteens at full price. For example, in the United States, students who do not qualify for reduced price lunches can still purchase food at the full price. In
2002-613: A dessert; and a dish (such as daikon ) that changed daily. Other dishes included inexpensive protein such as stewed bean dishes, fried white fish , and, until the 1970s, whale meat . Provisions of rice were introduced in 1976, following a surplus of government-distributed Japanese rice, and became increasingly frequent during the 1980s. Hamburg steak , stew and Japanese curry became staples as well. As of 2004, 99% of elementary school students and 82% of junior high school students in Japan ate kyūshoku (school lunch). The food
2145-681: A former vassal of the Vijayanagara Empire, was briefly independent. With the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II , Haidar Ali , the commander-in-chief of the Mysore army, gained control of the region. After his death, the kingdom was inherited by his son Tipu Sultan . To contain European expansion in South India, Haidar Ali and later Tipu Sultan fought four significant Anglo-Mysore Wars , the last of which resulted in Tippu Sultan's death and
2288-550: A free school meal program in the United States found that providing free meals to elementary and middle school children in areas characterized by high food insecurity led to better school discipline among the students. As of 2022 in England, 20.8% of the 8.9 million pupils attending schools in 2020–21 are known to be eligible for free school meals. Free school meals available for all students are also called Universal school meals. Sweden , Finland , Estonia and India are among
2431-508: A national school food program. A 2021 study of school meal programs across Canada estimated that these programs are found in about 35% of JK–12 schools, with a minimum of 1,018,323 or 21% of students in the country receiving free breakfasts, lunches, and/or snacks. There is considerable diversity in the design of these programs across Canada's provinces and territories. Though non-profit entities implement these programs, governments contributed over Can$ 93 million in 2018/19. School lunches at
2574-401: A number of mixed and distinct dialects such as Are Bhashe , Beary Bhashe , and Nawayathi are found. Kodava Takk is the language of Kodagu. Kannada played a crucial role in the creation of Karnataka: linguistic demographics played a major role in defining the new state in 1956. Tulu , Konkani and Kodava are other minor native languages that share a long history in the state. Urdu
2717-467: A per capita GSDP of ₹ 332,926 (US$ 4,000) for the financial year 2023-24. The state experience a GSDP growth of 10.2% for the same fiscal year. After Bangalore Urban , Dakshina Kannada , Hubli-Dharwad, and Belagavi districts contribute the highest revenue to the state respectively. The capital of the state, Bangalore, is known as the Silicon Valley of India , for its immense contributions to
2860-542: A permanent body of 75 members with one-third (25 members) retiring every two years. The government of Karnataka is headed by the Chief Minister who is chosen by the ruling party members of the Legislative Assembly . The Chief Minister, along with the council of ministers, executes the legislative agenda and exercises most of the executive powers. However, the constitutional and formal head of
3003-793: A political compromise. To avoid further conflict between the senate and the administration, the USDA has tolerated exemptions pertaining to the whole grain standard and allowed schools to do what they find necessary to finding a more fitting solution. Vending machines in schools are also a major source of food for students. Under pressure from parents and anti-obesity advocates, many school districts moved to ban sodas , junk foods, and candy from vending machines and cafeterias. Various laws have also been passed to limit foods sold in school vending machines. With increasing concern over traditional vending machines in schools, healthier vending options have gained popularity and are steadily being adopted by schools around
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#17327655580393146-620: A reduced (government-subsidized) price, to the children of low-income families. Those who do not qualify for free or reduced price are charged a nominal fee. School lunches must meet over the course of one week the applicable recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans , which were criticized for high sugar limits. These guidelines state that no more than 30 percent of an individual's calories should come from fat, and less than 10 percent from saturated fat . Regulations also state that school lunches must provide one-third of
3289-464: A region that is deemed food insecure or lower income), school-based (targeting schools with a population of generally poor students), or based on individual characteristics (targeting students based on their household income, ethnic status, or other individual traits). Across different settings and school meal programs, many different approaches are used when targeting school meals. Reduced price meals are also available in some countries to those who need
3432-610: A social safety net. Especially in developed countries , school meals are structured to encourage healthy eating habits. School meal programs can also be aimed at supporting the domestic or local agricultural sector. The first school lunches were thought to be served in 1790 in Munich, Germany , by an American-born physicist, Benjamin Thompson , also known as Count Rumford. Thompson had spent his early days in New England , but as
3575-465: A staple food, usually rice . In impoverished rural areas, students' access to nutritious food is limited. The government has funded "nutritious lunch" schemes in rural public schools to combat malnutrition . Government data from June 2017 indicated that 48% of schools were unable to fully meet recommended nutrition standards. School meals are provided for free at public schools in India. The roots of India's school meal program can be traced back to
3718-495: A tender to generate a further 1.2 gigawatts in the coming years: Karnataka Renewable Energy Development suggests that this will be based on 24 separate systems (or 'blocks') generating 50 megawatts each. Since the 1980s, Karnataka has emerged as the pan-Indian leader in the field of IT ( information technology ). In 2007, there were nearly 2,000 firms operating in Karnataka. Many of them, including two of India's biggest software firms, Infosys and Wipro , are also headquartered in
3861-677: A variety of foods as well as beverages. To cater to the many races, religions, and cultures in Singapore, canteens often offer a range of cuisines, like Chinese, Indian, Malay, and Western foods. To encourage healthier eating habits among children, the Health Promotion Board of Singapore launched the Healthy Eating in Schools Programme, which gives an award to schools which serve healthy meals. To receive
4004-587: A whole. "Its rates of child malnutrition is higher than most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa," it noted. The 2009 Global Hunger Index ranked India at 65 out of 84 countries. More than 200 million went hungry in India that year, more than any other country in the world. The report states that "improving child nutrition is of utmost urgency in most Indian states". As the MDM Scheme operates only in government/government-aided schools, it does not serve
4147-552: Is a state in the southwestern region of India . It was formed as Mysore State on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act , and renamed Karnataka in 1973. The state is bordered by the Lakshadweep Sea to the west, Goa to the northwest, Maharashtra to the north, Telangana to the northeast, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the southeast, and Kerala to
4290-565: Is a federal nutrition assistance program operating in over 101,000 public schools, non-profit private schools, and residential care institutions. It is regulated and administered at the federal level by the Food and Nutrition Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program provides "nutritionally balanced meals" at low or no cost to more than 31 million children each school day. Since its inception,
4433-558: Is a financially viable option. Advantages of centralised kitchens include ensuring better hygienic as large scale cooking is done through largely automated processes. Various NGOs such as the Nalabothu Foundation, Akshaya Patra Foundation, Ekta Shakti Foundation, Naandi Foundation, and Jay Gee Humanitarian Society provide midday meals. A study of centralised kitchens in Delhi in 2007 found that even with centralised kitchens,
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4576-574: Is a major language of Bangalore and in the Kolar district. Marathi (3.29%) is concentrated in areas of Uttara Kannada, Belgaum and Bidar districts bordering Maharashtra. Lambadi is spoken by the Lambadis scattered throughout North Karnataka, while Hindi is spoken in Bangalore. Tulu (2.61%), Konkani (1.29%), and Malayalam (1.27%) are all found in linguistically diverse Coastal Karnataka, where
4719-475: Is grown locally, is almost never frozen, and (barring dietary restrictions) is the same for every student. Children in most districts cannot bring their own meals to school until they reach high school, nor do schools have vending machines; instead, children are taught to eat what they are served. In both elementary school and middle school , students put on white coats and caps and serve their classmates, who then all eat together in their classrooms instead of in
4862-706: Is headed by a Deputy Commissioner who belongs to the Indian Administrative Service and is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Karnataka state services. The Superintendent of Police , an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service and assisted by the officers of the Karnataka Police Service, is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues in each district. The Deputy Conservator of Forests, an officer belonging to
5005-790: Is independently monitored twice a year. The MDM Scheme has many potential benefits: attracting children from disadvantaged sections (especially girls, Dalits and Adivasis ) to school, improving regularity, nutritional benefits, socialisation benefits and benefits to women are some that have been highlighted. Studies by economists show that some of these benefits have indeed been realised. The positive effect on enrollment of disadvantaged children ( Dreze and Kingdon), on attendance (by Chakraborty, Jayaraman, Pande), on learning effort (by Booruah, Afridi and Somanathan), on improving nutritional inputs (Afridi), and on improving nutritional outcomes (by Singh, Dercon and Parker). However, policy inputs by Dr Edmond Fernandes suggested that it would be wise to address
5148-449: Is marked by major festivities at Mysore. Bangalore Karaga , celebrated in the heart of Bangalore, is the second most important festival celebrated in Karnataka. Ugadi (Kannada New Year), Makara Sankranti (the harvest festival), Ganesh Chaturthi , Gowri Habba , Ram Navami , Nagapanchami , Basava Jayanthi , Deepavali , and Balipadyami are the other major festivals of Karnataka. Languages of Karnataka ( 2011 census ) Kannada
5291-603: Is now Karnataka in 1830, nearly three decades before the Indian Rebellion of 1857 . However, Kitturu was taken over by the British East India Company even before the doctrine was officially articulated by Lord Dalhousie in 1848. Other uprisings followed, such as the ones at Supa , Bagalkot , Shorapur , Nargund and Dandeli . These rebellions—which coincided with the Indian Rebellion of 1857 —were led by Mundargi Bhimarao, Bhaskar Rao Bhave ,
5434-576: Is spoken widely by the Muslim population. Less widely spoken languages include Beary bashe and certain languages such as Sankethi . Some of the regional languages in Karnataka are Tulu , Kodava , Konkani and Beary . Kannada features a rich and ancient body of literature including religious and secular genre, covering topics as diverse as Jainism (such as Puranas ), Lingayatism (such as Vachanas ), Vaishnavism (such as Haridasa Sahitya ) and modern literature . Evidence from edicts during
5577-873: Is surprisingly minimal. Not every meal has to meet precise caloric guidelines......Central government officials say they have ultimate authority to step in if schools are serving unhealthy food, but they can't think of any examples where that actually happened. ... And because this is food-obsessed Japan, those standard meals are restaurant-worthy; in fact, Adachi Ward publishes a full-color cookbook based on its best school meals. [However,] Japanese cuisine isn't automatically healthy; it includes crispy chicken, rich bowls of salty ramen with pork belly and battered and deep-fried tempura . But, like most cuisines, it can be healthy. ... You don't see dessert, other than fruit and yogurt. You occasionally see fried food, but in stark moderation. In most Malaysian schools, regardless of whether they are public or private schools, students eat in
5720-426: Is the official language of the state of Karnataka, as the native language of 66.46% of its population as of 2011 and is one of the classical languages of India . Urdu is the second largest language, spoken by 10.83% of the population, and is the language of Muslims outside the coastal region. Telugu (5.84%) is a major language in areas bordering Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka as well as Bangalore, while Tamil (3.45%)
5863-1014: Is the second-largest arid region in India. The highest point in Karnataka is the Mullayanagiri hills in Chikmagalur district which has an altitude of 1,925 m (6,316 ft). The two main river systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima , Ghataprabha , Vedavathi , Malaprabha and Tungabhadra in North Karnataka, and the Kaveri and its tributaries, the Hemavati , Shimsha , Arkavati , Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini , in South Karnataka. Most of these rivers flow out of Karnataka eastward, reaching
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6006-651: Is threatened by poaching , habitat destruction , human-wildlife conflict and pollution . There are 31 districts in Karnataka. Each district ( zila ) is governed by a district commissioner ( ziladar ). The districts are further divided into sub-districts ( talukas ), which are governed by sub-commissioners ( talukdars ); sub-divisions comprise blocks ( tehsils / hobli ), which are governed by block development officers ( tehsildars ), which contain village councils ( panchayats ), town municipal councils ( purasabhe ), city municipal councils ( nagarasabhe ), and city municipal corporations ( mahanagara palike ). According to
6149-697: The Archean complex made up of Dharwad schists and granitic gneisses , the Proterozoic non-fossiliferous sedimentary formations of the Kaladgi and Bhima series, the Deccan trappean and intertrappean deposits and the tertiary and recent laterites and alluvial deposits. Laterite cappings that are found in many districts over the Deccan Traps were formed after the cessation of volcanic activity in
6292-695: The Central Food Technological Research Institute , are also headquartered in Karnataka. Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited is an oil refinery , located in Mangalore. The state has also begun to invest heavily in solar power centred on the Pavagada Solar Park . As of December 2017, the state has installed an estimated 2.2 gigawatts of block solar panelling and in January 2018 announced
6435-613: The Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple and a well-organised matha were built. He was patronised by the Hoysala king, Vishnuvardhana . In the twelfth century, Lingayatism emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Leading figures of this movement were Basava , Akka Mahadevi and Allama Prabhu , who established the Anubhava Mantapa which
6578-608: The Children's LoveCastles Trust started providing midday meals in 1997. A total of eight schools were adopted and a food bank programme and an Angganwasi milk Programme were started. The food-bank programme was replaced by the State Government midday meal scheme. The government of India initiated the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) on 15 August 1995. The objective of
6721-641: The Deccan and had their capitals in what is now Karnataka. The Western Chalukyas patronised a unique style of architecture and Kannada literature which became a precursor to the Hoysala art of the 12th century. Parts of modern-day Southern Karnataka (Gangavadi) were occupied by the Chola Empire at the turn of the 11th century. The Cholas and the Hoysalas fought over the region in the early 12th century before it eventually came under Hoysala rule. At
6864-621: The Government of Karnataka . Contemporary Kannada literature has received considerable acknowledgement in the arena of Indian literature, with eight Kannada writers winning India's highest literary honour, the Jnanpith award . Tulu is the majority language in the coastal district of Dakshina Kannada and is the second most spoken in the Udupi district . This region is also known as Tulu Nadu . Tulu Mahabharato , written by Arunabja in
7007-549: The Indian Forest Service , is entrusted with the responsibility of managing forests, environment and wildlife of the district, he will be assisted by the officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Service and officers belonging to Karnataka Forest Subordinate Service. Sectoral development in the districts is looked after by the district head of each development department such as Public Works Department, Health, Education, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry, etc. The judiciary in
7150-777: The Karnataka Konkani Sahitya Akademi , the Tulu Sahitya Akademi and the Kodava Sahitya Akademi promote their respective languages. Karnataka has a parliamentary system of government with two democratically elected houses, the Legislative Assembly and the Legislative Council. The Legislative Assembly consists of 224 members who are elected for five-year terms. The Legislative Council is
7293-584: The Recommended Dietary Allowances of protein, vitamin A , vitamin C , iron , calcium , and calories. Since the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 Michelle Obama has advocated for the importance of healthy school lunches. Schools were having difficulty enforcing nutrition values in fear of being wasteful because children are no longer eating their lunches. The amount of fruits and vegetables, whole grains and sodium levels were
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#17327655580397436-487: The Supreme Court asked all state governments to begin this programme in their schools within 6 months. The programme has shown many positive effects. Many parents who couldn't send their children to schools due to poverty, were eager to get their children free nutritious food and this incentivized them to send their children to school. The Midday Meal Scheme increased the number of school-going children. The roots of
7579-413: The Tigalari script, is the oldest surviving Tulu text. Tigalari script was used by Brahmins to write Sanskrit language. The use of the Kannada script for writing Tulu and non-availability of print in Tigalari script contributed to the marginalisation of Tigalari script. In Karnataka Konkani is mostly spoken in the Uttara Kannada and Dakshina Kannada districts and in parts of Udupi , Konkani use
7722-408: The United Kingdom , significant changes have been made since school meals were introduced in the 19th century by Elizabeth Burgwin and others. The first National School Meals Policy was published across the United Kingdom in 1941. The Policy set the first nutritional guidelines for school lunches, requiring balanced meals which include the appropriate levels of protein , fat , and calories . In
7865-425: The United States , there was a social inequality gap during the industrial era , and there was room for improvement in all realms of education. Philadelphia and Boston were the first two cities to institute school lunches in the U.S. Organizations such as Women's Education and the Starr Center Association began serving hot meals to students for a cost that was affordable for most. Soon after, teachers started to notice
8008-446: The Western Ganga Dynasty was formed with Talakad as its capital. These were also the first kingdoms to use Kannada in administration, as evidenced by the Halmidi inscription and a fifth-century copper coin discovered at Banavasi. These dynasties were followed by imperial Kannada empires such as the Badami Chalukyas , the Rashtrakuta Empire of Manyakheta and the Western Chalukya Empire , which ruled over large parts of
8151-502: The White Revolution . The reforms' long-term goal was to transform Iran into a global economic and industrial power. The White Revolution consisted of 19 elements that were introduced over a period of 15 years. In 1975, the Shah started a program for 'Free and Compulsory Education and a daily free meal' for all children from kindergarten to 14 years of age. It provided one-third of a pint of free milk to all children in Iran, as well as pistachios , fresh fruit, and biscuits. In Japan ,
8294-1041: The elephant , the tiger , the leopard , the gaur , the sambar deer , the chital or spotted deer , the muntjac , the bonnet macaque , the slender loris , the common palm civet , the small Indian civet , the sloth bear , the dhole , the striped hyena , the Bengal fox and the golden jackal . Some of the birds found here are the great hornbill , the Malabar pied hornbill , the Ceylon frogmouth , herons, ducks, kites, eagles, falcons , quails , partridges , lapwings , sandpipers , pigeons, doves, parakeets , cuckoos, owls, nightjars , swifts , kingfishers , bee-eaters and munias . Some species of trees found in Karnataka are Calophyllum tomentosum , Calophyllum apetalum , Garcinia cambogia , Garcinia morella , Alstonia scholaris , Flacourtia montana , Artocarpus hirsutus , Artocarpus lacucha , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Grewia tiliifolia , Santalum album , Shorea talura , Emblica officinalis , Vitex altissima and Wrightia tinctoria . Wildlife in Karnataka
8437-558: The manifesto of the All Progressives Congress (APC) advocated for the adoption of a nationwide free meal plan. Since he became president , Muhammadu Buhari has made the implementation of this policy one of his foremost priorities. A national School Meals programme is the subject of a budgetary proposal before the National Assembly . Also, the government of Kaduna State has implemented a school feeding programme. There are serveral non-profit organizations dedicated to student nutrition. In 2024, prime minister Justin Trudeau announced
8580-737: The monsoon season between June and September and the post-monsoon season from October till December. Meteorologically , Karnataka is divided into three zones – coastal, north interior and south interior. Of these, the coastal zone receives the heaviest rainfall with an average rainfall of about 3,638.5 mm (143 in) per annum, far in excess of the state average of 1,139 mm (45 in). Amagaon in Khanapura taluka of Belgaum district received 10,068 mm (396 in) of rainfall in 2010. In 2014 Kokalli in Sirsi taluka of Uttara Kannada district received 8,746 mm (344 in) of rainfall. Agumbe in Thirthahalli taluka and Hulikal of Hosanagara taluka in Shimoga district were
8723-445: The sixth-largest Indian state by area . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. Other minority languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken . Though several etymologies have been suggested for
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#17327655580398866-518: The "right to food" case. The PUCL argued that article 21 – "right to life" of the Indian constitution when read together with articles 39 (a) and 47 , makes the right to food a derived fundamental right which is enforceable by virtue of the constitutional remedy provided under article 32 of the constitution. The PUCL argued that excess food stocks with the Food Corporation of India should be fed to hungry citizens. This included providing midday meals in primary schools. The scheme came into force with
9009-434: The 2011 census of India, the total population of Karnataka was 61,095,297 of which 30,966,657 (50.7%) were male and 30,128,640 (49.3%) were female, or 1000 males for every 973 females. This represents a 15.60% increase over the population in 2001. The population density was 319 per km and 38.67% of the people lived in urban areas. The literacy rate was 75.36% with 82.47% of males and 68.08% of females being literate. In 2007
9152-462: The 6th position among all states and union territories. In an employment survey conducted for the year 2013–2014, the unemployment rate in Karnataka was 1.8% compared to the national rate of 4.9%. In 2011–2012, Karnataka had an estimated poverty ratio of 20.91% compared to the national ratio of 21.92%. Nearly 56% of the workforce in Karnataka is engaged in agriculture and related activities. A total of 12.31 million hectares of land, or 64.6% of
9295-464: The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran upgraded the existing midday meal scheme in the state to 'Nutritious noon-meal scheme' keeping in mind that around 68 lakh children were malnourished. Gujarat was the second state to introduce an MDM scheme in 1984, but it was later discontinued. A midday meal scheme was introduced in Kerala in 1984, and was gradually expanded to include more schools and grades. By 1990–91, twelve states were funding
9438-528: The Devanagari Script (which is official)/ Kannada script ( Optional ) for writing as identified by government of Karnataka. The Kodavas who mainly reside in the Kodagu district , speak Kodava Takk. Kodagu was a separate State with its own Chief Minister and Council of Ministers till 1956. Two regional variations of the language exist, the northern Mendale Takka and the southern Kiggaati Takka . Kodava Takk has its own script, Karnataka Kodava Sahitya Academy has accepted I. M. Muthanna 's script which
9581-452: The Halagali Bedas, Raja Venkatappa Nayaka and others. By the late 19th century, the independence movement had gained momentum; Karnad Sadashiva Rao, Aluru Venkata Raya , S. Nijalingappa , Kengal Hanumanthaiah , Nittoor Srinivasa Rau and others carried on the struggle into the early 20th century. After the independence of British India , the Maharaja, Jayachamarajendra Wodeyar , signed an instrument of accession to accede his state to
9724-473: The Krishna . With an antiquity that dates to the paleolithic , Karnataka has been home to some of the most powerful empires of ancient and medieval India . The philosophers and musical bards patronised by these empires launched socio-religious and literary movements which have endured to the present day. Karnataka has contributed significantly to both forms of Indian classical music, the Carnatic and Hindustani traditions. Karnataka's pre-history goes back to
9867-406: The MDM Scheme employs over 2.5 million cooks/food preparers (referred to as cooks-cum-helpers), usually providing a small honorarium for their work (equal to approximately US$ 14 per month). In the absence of adequate infrastructure (such as kitchen sheds, utensils etc.), it can lead to accidents and maintaining hygiene can be difficult. In 2004, 87 children died when the thatched roof of a classroom
10010-399: The Midday Meal Scheme is the largest of its kind in the world. The Midday Meal Scheme has been implemented in the Union Territory of Puducherry under the French Administration since 1930. In post-independent India, the Midday Meal Scheme was first launched in Tamil Nadu , pioneered by the former Chief minister K. Kamaraj in the early 1960s. By 2002, the scheme was implemented in all of
10153-443: The North Indian states of Uttarakhand , Haryana and the Union territory of Chandigarh , the scheme retains its original name of Tithi Bhojan. required The government of India Review Missions on Mid Day Meal Scheme, comprising members from the central government, state governments, UNICEF, and the office of the supreme court commissioner was created in 2010 to review the programme and offer suggestions for improvement. The scheme
10296-857: The Program has expanded substantially. It now includes the School Breakfast Program , the Snack Program, a Child and Adult Care Food Program , and the Summer Food Service Program . At the State level, the National School Lunch Program is usually administered by state education agencies, which operate the program through agreements with school food authorities. School meal programs in the United States provide meals free of charge, or at
10439-674: The United Arab Emirates, all food in school cafeterias is available for purchase, though prices reflect only the cost of the food itself. School meals can be cooked in a kitchen (whether in each school or in a centralized kitchen, with the cooked food then delivered to individual schools). School meals can also be uncooked, serving cold sandwiches or packaged biscuits. For example, the National School Nutrition Program in Egypt serves only Ma'amoul ,
10582-737: The aggregate coverage rate worldwide is estimated to be 27% (and 40% specifically for primary school-age children). The objectives and benefits of school meals vary. In developing countries , school meals provide food security at times of crisis and help children to become healthy and productive adults , thus helping to break the cycle of poverty and hunger . They can address micronutrient deficiencies by serving diverse foods or including fortified foods. They also serve as an incentive to send children to school and continue their education, and they can be leveraged specifically to reduce barriers to schooling for girls. When school meals are targeted toward low-income or vulnerable children, they serve as
10725-454: The award, schools must reduce the sugar content in drinks and desserts, serve fewer deep-fried and fatty foods, and include two servings of greens in their meals. South Korea has provided free school lunches to low-income students since the 1980s at the primary and secondary school levels. Karnataka Karnataka ( / k ər ˈ n ɑː t ə k ə / kər- NAH -tə-kə ; ISO : Karnāṭaka , Kannada: [kɐɾˈnaːʈɐkɐ] )
10868-687: The benefits for students – both mentally and physically. The federal government was not involved until the Great Depression (1920s), when farmers and labors were not doing well financially and the school lunch program was a solution that benefited everyone. In recent years, school districts have faced government or community pressure to change the foods served in schools. The addition of vegan school meal options and Meatless Mondays are examples of these changes. Free school meals can be universal school meals for all students or limited by income-based criteria, which can vary by country. A study of
11011-406: The children under 5 are underweight. Some simple health measures such as using iodised salt and getting vaccinations are uncommon in India. "India is home to the world's largest food insecure population, with more than 500 million people who are hungry", India State Hunger Index (ISHI) said. Many children don't get enough to eat, which has far-reaching implications for the performance of the country as
11154-449: The country's information technology sector. A total of 1,973 companies in the state were found to have been involved in the IT sector as of 2007. Karnataka is the only southern state to have land borders with all of the other four southern Indian sister states. The state covers an area of 191,791 km (74,051 sq mi), or 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of India. It is
11297-503: The country." The permanent National School Lunch Program was created in 1946, with the National School Lunch Act . This legislation won rural support because it removed surplus food from the market and thus raised prices paid to farmers. Congress intended these meals to promote and protect child nutrition, while also supporting the consumption of American farm products. Today, the National School Lunch Program
11440-471: The culture, philosophy, and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India. This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Hari") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement
11583-439: The deficient meals. International voluntary and charity organisations have assisted. Church World Service has provided milk powder to Delhi and Madras Municipal Corporation; CARE has provided corn soya meal, Bulgar wheat, and vegetable oils; and UNICEF has provided high proteins foods and educational support. In 1982, 'Food for Learning' was launched with assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Initially
11726-663: The demise of the Bahmani Sultanate of Bidar, soon took control of much of the Deccan; it was defeated by the Mughals in the late 17th century. The Bahmani and Bijapur rulers encouraged Urdu and Persian literature and Indo-Saracenic architecture, the Gol Gumbaz being one of the high points of this style. During the sixteenth century, Konkani Hindus migrated to Karnataka, mostly from Salcette , Goa , while during
11869-603: The early 14th century, Harihara and Bukka Raya established the Vijayanagara empire with its capital, Hosapattana (later named Vijayanagara ), on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the modern Bellary district. Under the rule of Krishnadevaraya , a distinct form of literature and architecture evolved. The empire rose as a bulwark against Muslim advances into South India, which it completely controlled for over two centuries. In 1537, Kempe Gowda I ,
12012-482: The early tertiary period. Eleven groups of soil orders are found in Karnataka, viz. Entisols , Inceptisols , Mollisols , Spodosols , Alfisols , Ultisols , Oxisols , Aridisols , Vertisols , Andisols and Histosols . Depending on the agricultural capability of the soil, the soil types are divided into six types, viz. red, lateritic , black , alluvio-colluvial, forest and coastal soils. About 38,284 km (14,782 sq mi) of Karnataka (i.e. 16% of
12155-518: The federal and state governments. The participating states/territories contribute different amounts of money, depending on whether they are Himalayan states, Northeastern Region (NER) states, union territories without legislature, or the residual (Non-NER states and union territories with legislature). The share contributed by states is often larger than what is stipulated. While the eleventh five-year plan allocated ₹ 384.9 billion (equivalent to ₹ 450 billion or US$ 5.4 billion in 2023) for
12298-646: The few countries which provide universal school meals to all pupils in compulsory education , regardless of their ability to pay. In India , where all Government School students are provided with free lunches through the Midday Meal Scheme , staple foods are provided along with free education. Several states in the US offer universal school meals. School meals can also be targeted, often toward students who are poor or otherwise vulnerable. Such targeting can be geographic (providing school meals in all schools with
12441-400: The head of an elephant and the body of a lion . Karnataka had an estimated GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of about US$ 115.86 billion in the 2014–15 fiscal year. The state registered a GSDP growth rate of 7% for the year 2014–2015. Karnataka's contribution to India's GDP in the year 2014–15 was 7.54%. With GDP growth of 17.59% and per capita GDP growth of 16.04%, Karnataka is on
12584-584: The high positions of Prime Minister and Vice-President. Border disputes involving Karnataka's claim on the Kasaragod and Solapur districts and Maharashtra 's claim on Belagavi are ongoing since the states reorganisation. The official emblem of Karnataka has a Ganda Berunda in the centre. Surmounting this are four lions facing the four directions, taken from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath . The emblem also carries two Sharabhas with
12727-558: The incorporation of Mysore into British India in 1799. Mysore was restored to the Wodeyars, and the Kingdom of Mysore became a princely state outside but in a subsidiary alliance with British India . As the " doctrine of lapse " gave way to dissent and resistance from princely states across the country, Kittur Chennamma , Queen of Kittur , her military leader Sangolli Rayanna , and others, spearheaded rebellions in part of what
12870-473: The large share of children in India who attend private schools. From 2015 to 2018, the number of children receiving food through the MDM scheme declined in many states, a pattern that may at least partly reflect the rising popularity of private schools in the country. School meal A school meal (whether it is a breakfast, lunch, or evening meal) is a meal provided to students and sometimes teachers at
13013-548: The legal backing provided in the US through the National School Lunch Act . The Midday Meal Scheme refers to the government of India programme introduced in all government elementary schools to provide children with cooked lunches. Tamil Nadu was the first state in India to introduce this scheme. The first school which had the scheme was the Sourashtra Boys Higher Secondary School, Madurai , which implemented it in 1955. On 28 November 2001
13156-414: The midday meal is fortified with nutrients such as iron, vitamin B 12 and folate. Children in private schools usually carry their own lunch boxes . Many schools also have canteens, and street food vendors can often be found in front of school campuses. In the 1960s, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had intended a non-violent regeneration of Iranian society through economic and social reforms called
13299-551: The name Karnataka, the generally accepted one is that Karnataka is derived from the Kannada words karu and nādu , meaning "elevated land". Karu Nadu may also be read as karu , meaning "black" and nadu , meaning "region", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the Bayalu Seeme region of the state. The British used the word Carnatic , sometimes Karnatak , to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of
13442-456: The nation. Marketing for such "healthy vending machines" states that they allow students to perform better in school while also attaining better health. A typical school lunch in the People's Republic of China includes staple food , meat diet , vegetable dish , and each school has different kind of dishes. Students can choose between two and three dishes according to their preferences, with
13585-570: The national level began as a temporary New Deal project in 1933. By 1935 it was run by the WPA in 1935–1942, as a way to employ the unemployed, feed hungry children, and reduce crop surpluses. It was ended in World War II when the WPA closed. In 1937 the WPA reported, "In the past year and a half 80,000,000 hot well-balanced meals have been served at the rate of 500,000 daily in 10,000 schools throughout
13728-468: The native composition metres such as Chattana , Beddande and Melvadu during earlier centuries. The classic refers to several earlier greats ( purvacharyar ) of Kannada poetry and prose. Kuvempu , the renowned Kannada poet and writer who wrote Jaya Bharata Jananiya Tanujate , the state anthem of Karnataka was the first recipient of the Karnataka Ratna , the highest civilian award bestowed by
13871-485: The new India. In 1950, Mysore became an Indian state of the same name; the former Maharaja served as its Rajpramukh (head of state) until 1975. Following the long-standing demand of the Ekikarana Movement , Kodagu- and Kannada-speaking regions from the adjoining states of Madras, Hyderabad and Bombay were incorporated into the Mysore state, under the States Reorganisation Act of 1956. The thus expanded state
14014-440: The positive effect of the programme for women, especially working women and its popularity among parents, children and teachers alike. Media reports have also highlighted several implementation issues, including irregularity, corruption, hygiene, caste discrimination, etc. A few such incidents are listed below: Despite the success of the programme, child hunger as a problem persists in India. According to current statistics, 42.5% of
14157-678: The pre-independence era, when a mid day meal programme was introduced in 1925 in Madras Corporation by the British administration. This was one of the oldest free food programmes for schoolchildren. In 1975, the Indian government created the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme. Under the Midday Meal Scheme , government high schools and partially aided schools, along with Anganwadis , provide midday meals to students. As of 2022,
14300-461: The primary level has been fixed to ₹ 4.13 (4.9¢ US) while at the upper primary level is ₹ 6.18 (7.4¢ US). This is the most widespread practice. In the decentralised model, meals are cooked on-site by local cooks and helpers or self-help groups . This system has the advantage of being able to serve local cuisine, providing jobs in the area, and minimising waste. It also allows for better monitoring (e.g., by parents and teachers). In total,
14443-497: The problem through a cross sectoral perspective as cascading risks globally is affecting food security & healthy nutrition. Caste based discrimination continues to occur in the serving of food, though the government seems unwilling to acknowledge this. Sukhdeo Thorat and Joel Lee found in their 2005 study that caste discrimination was occurring in conjunction with the Mid Day Meals programme. Media reports also document
14586-403: The program has economically empowered over 3,000 previously unemployed women by hiring them as food vendors[.] All food items are sourced locally from farmers and others on the supply chain, enhancing employment within the state. Addressing child malnutrition has raised students' academic performance, and has increased school enrollment by 24% compared to figures from before April 2012. In 2015,
14729-696: The programme can be traced back to the pre-independence era, when a midday meal programme was introduced in 1925 in Tamil Nadu. Initiatives by state governments began in the 1962–63 school year. The Indian state Tamil Nadu was a pioneer in introducing midday meal programmes in India to increase the number of children enrolling in school; K. Kamaraj , the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu at the time, introduced it first in Chennai and later extended it to all districts of Tamil Nadu. During 1982, 1 July onwards,
14872-659: The programme provides daily fruits. Its estimated cost is N 50 (US$ 0.31) per child per day. According to a report on O'Meals' benefits: Within four weeks of the O'Meals launch, school enrollment increase[d] by approximately 25%. According to the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics July 2013 edition, Osun has the highest primary school enrollment rates in Nigeria – a feat largely attributable to O'Meals. [Additionally,] O'Meals promotes and boosts income generation opportunities, particularly for women. To date,
15015-534: The programme was aimed at scheduled caste and scheduled tribe girls. In 1983, the federal Department of Education prepared a scheme under the auspices of the World Food Programme to supply meals to 13.6 million scheduled caste girls and 10.09 million scheduled tribe girls in classes one to five in 15 states and three union territories. The value of the food itself was $ 163.27 million per year. Labour, facilities, and transportation costs were to be paid by
15158-402: The quality of food needed to be improved. The study also found that when the food arrives and is of inadequate quality, even teachers feel helpless and do not know whom to complain to. The Ministry of Human Resource Development reported that 95% of tested meal samples prepared by NGOs in Delhi did not meet nutritional standards in 2010–12. In response, the ministry withheld 50% of the payment for
15301-520: The rainiest cities in Karnataka, situated in one of the wettest regions in the world. The state is projected to warm about 2.0 °C (4 °F ) by 2030. The monsoon is set to provide less rainfall. Agriculture in Karnataka is mostly rainfed as opposed to irrigated, making it highly vulnerable to expected changes in the monsoon. The highest recorded temperature was 45.6 °C (114 °F ) in Raichuru district . The lowest recorded temperature
15444-520: The religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka. Islam , which had an early presence on the west coast of India as early as the tenth century, gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of the Bahamani and Bijapur sultanates that ruled parts of Karnataka. Christianity reached Karnataka in the sixteenth century with the arrival of the Portuguese and St. Francis Xavier in 1545. Buddhism
15587-651: The scheme by 2022. Under article 24, paragraph 2c of the Convention on the Rights of the Child , to which India is a party, India has committed to yielding "adequate nutritious food" for children. The programme has undergone many changes since its launch in 1995. The Midday Meal Scheme is covered by the National Food Security Act, 2013 . The legal backing to the Indian school meal programme is akin to
15730-403: The scheme is to help improve the effectiveness of primary education by improving the nutritional status of primary school children. Initially, the scheme was implemented in 2,408 blocks of the country to provide food to students in classes one through five of government, government-aided and local body run schools. By 1997–98, the scheme had been implemented across the country. Under this programme,
15873-472: The scheme to all or most of the students in their area: Goa , Gujarat , Kerala , Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra , Meghalaya , Mizoram , Nagaland , Sikkim , Tamil Nadu , Tripura and Uttar Pradesh . Karnataka , Odisha and West Bengal received international aid to help with the implementation of the programme, while in AP and Rajasthan the programme was completely funded by foreign aid. In Karnataka ,
16016-636: The scheme, the twelfth five-year plan has allocated ₹ 901.55 billion (US$ 11 billion), a 134 percent rise. The public expenditure for the Mid Day Meal Programme has gone up from ₹ 73.24 billion (US$ 880 million) in 2007–08 to ₹ 132.15 billion (US$ 1.6 billion) in 2013–14. In 2020–21, the Midday Meal Scheme budget comprised 11% of the total budget for the Ministry of Education. The per day cooking cost per child at
16159-751: The school, is either sponsored by the school's parent–teacher association or by the Ministry of Education . Low-income students may also be eligible for the School Milk Program, which is funded by milk companies and non-governmental organizations . School meals in the Philippines appear to be relatively simplistic, consisting mainly of rice, meat, and gravy . School meals in most Singaporean primary and secondary schools, as well as junior colleges , are provided in each school's canteen (or tuckshop). The canteens consist of stalls which sell
16302-641: The sea at the Bay of Bengal . Other prominent rivers such as the Sharavati in Shimoga and Netravati in Dakshina Kannada flow westward to the Lakshadweep Sea . A large number of dams and reservoirs are constructed across these rivers which richly add to the irrigation and hydroelectricity power generation capacities of the state. Karnataka consists of four main types of geological formations –
16445-646: The seventeenth and eighteenth century, Goan Catholics migrated to North Canara and South Canara , especially from Bardes , Goa, as a result of food shortages, epidemics and heavy taxation imposed by the Portuguese . In the period that followed, parts of northern Karnataka were ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad , the Maratha Empire , the British , and other powers. In the south, the Mysore Kingdom ,
16588-458: The sharp hierarchical divisions that existed and sought to remove all distinctions between the hierarchically superior master class and the subordinate, servile class. He also supported inter-caste marriages and Kaay Ta tTatva of Basavanna. This was the basis of the Lingayat faith which today counts millions among its followers. The Jain philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to
16731-403: The southwest. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census, Karnataka is the eighth-largest state by population , comprising 31 districts . With 15,257,000 residents, the state capital Bangalore is the largest city of Karnataka. The economy of Karnataka is amongst the most productive in the country with a gross state domestic product (GSDP) of ₹ 25.01 trillion (US$ 300 billion) and
16874-516: The state capital, Bangalore, the sobriquet Silicon Valley of India . Karnataka also leads the nation in biotechnology . It is home to India's largest biocluster, with 60% of the country's biotechnology firms being based here. The state has 18,000 hectares of land under flower cultivation , an upcoming industry which supplies flowers and ornamental plants worldwide. Seven of India's banks, Canara Bank , Syndicate Bank , Corporation Bank , Vijaya Bank , Karnataka Bank , ING Vysya Bank and
17017-775: The state consists of the Karnataka High Court ( Attara Kacheri ) in Bangalore, Hubballi-Dharwad, and Kalaburagi, district and session courts in each district and lower courts and judges at the taluk level. Politics in Karnataka has been dominated by three political parties, the Indian National Congress , the Janata Dal (Secular) and the Bharatiya Janata Party . Politicians from Karnataka have played prominent roles in federal government of India with some of them having held
17160-612: The state governments. The reaction among the states and union territories was mixed. Many states were interested, but some were concerned about their ability to afford it if the FAO support were to be withdrawn. Tithi Bhojan is a concept designed to ensure greater public participation under the Midday Meal Programme, that started out in the state of Gujarat . In order to generate greater community participation, local members were encouraged to celebrate social events like birth of
17303-452: The state had a birth rate of 2.2%, a death rate of 0.7%, an infant mortality rate of 5.5% and a maternal mortality rate of 0.2%. The total fertility rate was 2.2. Karnataka's private sector speciality health care competes with the best in the world. Karnataka has also established a modicum of public health services having a better record of health care and child care than most other states of India. In spite of these advances, some parts of
17446-994: The state is the Governor who is appointed for a five-year term by the President of India on the advice of the Union government. The people of Karnataka also elect 28 members to the Lok Sabha , the lower house of the Indian Parliament. The members of the state Legislative Assembly elect 12 members to the Rajya Sabha , the upper house of the Indian Parliament . For administrative purposes, Karnataka has been divided into four revenue divisions, 49 sub-divisions, 31 districts, 175 taluks and 745 hoblies / revenue circles. The administration in each district
17589-450: The state still suffer from the lack of primary health care. Religion in Karnataka (2011) Adi Shankara (788–820 CE) chose Sringeri in Karnataka to establish the first of his four mathas (monastery). Madhvacharya (1238–1317) was the chief proponent of Tattvavada (philosophy of reality), popularly known as Dvaita or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy – one of the three most influential Vedanta philosophies. Madhvacharya
17732-507: The state's geographic area) is covered by forests. The forests are classified as reserved, protected, unclosed, village and private forests. The percentage of forested area is slightly less than the all-India average of about 23%, and significantly less than the 33% prescribed in the National Forest Policy. Karnataka experiences four seasons. The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May,
17875-655: The state's total area, is cultivated. Much of the agricultural output is dependent on the southwest monsoon as only 26.5% of the sown area is irrigated. Karnataka is the manufacturing hub for some of the largest public sector industries in India, including Hindustan Aeronautics Limited , National Aerospace Laboratories , Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited , Bharat Earth Movers Limited and HMT (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools), which are based in Bangalore. Many of India's premier science and technology research centres, such as Indian Space Research Organisation , Central Power Research Institute , Bharat Electronics Limited and
18018-442: The state. Exports from these firms exceeded ₹ 500 billion (equivalent to ₹ 1.6 trillion or US$ 19 billion in 2023) in 2006–07, accounting for nearly 38% of all IT exports from India. The Nandi Hills area in the outskirts of Devanahalli is the site of the upcoming $ 22 billion, 50 km BIAL IT Investment Region , one of the largest infrastructure projects in the history of Karnataka. All this has earned
18161-553: The states under the orders of the Supreme Court of India . Ajay Kumar Director of Poshan Abhiyaan shared 'The name of the scheme has been changed to PM-POSHAN ( Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman ) Scheme, in September 2021, by MoE (Ministry of Education), which is the ministry responsible for the scheme'. The Central Government also announced that an additional 24 lakh students receiving pre-primary education at government & government-aided schools would also be included under
18304-485: The student is entitled to receive the amount provided for in the school health programme of the National Rural Health Mission . The central and state governments share the cost of the Midday Meal Scheme, with the centre providing 60 percent and the states 40 percent. The central government provides grains and financing for other food. Costs for facilities, transportation, and labour is shared by
18447-452: The supreme court order dated 28 November 2001, which requires all government and government-assisted primary schools to provide cooked midday meals. The Supreme Court occasionally issues interim orders regarding midday meals. Some examples are: The nutritional guidelines for the minimum amount of food and calorie content per child per day are: In the case of micronutrients ( vitamin A , iron, and folate ) tablets and de-worming medicines,
18590-735: The third century BCE, most of Karnataka formed part of the Nanda Empire before coming under the Mauryan empire of Emperor Ashoka . Four centuries of Satavahana rule followed, allowing them to control large areas of Karnataka. The decline of Satavahana power led to the rise of the earliest native kingdoms, the Kadambas and the Western Gangas , marking the region's emergence as an independent political entity. The Kadamba Dynasty , founded by Mayurasharma , had its capital at Banavasi ;
18733-618: The time of Ashoka (reigned 274–232 BCE) suggest that Buddhist literature influenced the Kannada script and its literature. The Halmidi inscription , the earliest attested full-length inscription in the Kannada language and script, dates from 450 CE, while the earliest available literary work, the Kavirajamarga , has been dated to 850 CE. References made in the Kavirajamarga , however, prove that Kannada literature flourished in
18876-441: The total cost of providing free meals to students in India is ₹ 22,000 crore (US$ 2.6 billion) of which 60% is paid by the federal government and 40% is paid by the states. By 1998, India had deployed the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) scheme. During the 2013–2014 school year, the scheme covered 104 million children in 1.16 million schools. A single afternoon lunch usually contains
19019-761: The tradition of providing school lunches started in the early 20th century. After World War II , which brought near- famine conditions to the country, the Japanese government re-introduced school lunches in urban areas. School lunch was extended to all elementary schools in Japan in 1952. With the enactment of the School Lunch Law in 1954, school meals were extended to junior high schools as well. These early lunches initially included items such as bread, bread rolls, and skimmed milk powder (replaced in 1958 by milk bottles and cartons). Later, lunches were expanded to include flour donated by an American charity ;
19162-576: The turn of the first millennium, the Hoysalas gained power in the region. Literature flourished during this time, which led to the emergence of distinctive Kannada literary metres , and the construction of temples and sculptures adhering to the Vesara style of architecture. The expansion of the Hoysala Empire brought minor parts of modern Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu under its rule. In
19305-456: Was 2.8 °C (37 °F) at Bidar district . Karnataka is home to a variety of wildlife. It has a recorded forest area of 38,720 km (14,950 sq mi) which constitutes 12.3% of the total geographical area of the state. These forests support 25% of the elephant and 10% of the tiger population of India. Many regions of Karnataka are as yet unexplored, so new species of flora and fauna are found periodically. The Western Ghats ,
19448-480: Was developed in 1970 as the official script of Kodava Thakk. English is the medium of education in many schools and widely used for business communication in most private companies. All of the state's languages are patronised and promoted by governmental and quasi-governmental bodies. The Kannada Sahitya Parishat and the Kannada Sahitya Akademi are responsible for the promotion of Kannada while
19591-411: Was ignited by sparks from a cooking fire. In 2011, a child died after succumbing to burn injuries she sustained after accidentally falling into a cooking vessel. In the centralised model, an external organisation cooks and delivers the meal to schools, mostly through public-private partnerships . Centralised kitchens are seen more in urban areas, where density of schools is high so that transporting food
19734-513: Was one of the important philosophers during the Bhakti movement . He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvacharya is believed to be the third incarnation of Vayu (Mukhyaprana), after Hanuman and Bhima . The Haridasa devotional movement is considered one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape
19877-598: Was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as Gulbarga and Banavasi . A chance discovery of edicts and several Mauryan relics at Sannati in Kalaburagi district in 1986 has proven that the Krishna River basin was once home to both Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism. There are Tibetan refugee camps in Karnataka. Mysore Dasara is celebrated as the Nada habba (state festival) and this
20020-423: Was renamed Karnataka, seventeen years later, on 1 November 1973. In the early 1900s through the post-independence era, industrial visionaries such as Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya , played an important role in the development of Karnataka's strong manufacturing and industrial base. The state has three principal geographical zones: The bulk of the state is in the Bayaluseeme region, the northern part of which
20163-404: Was the centre of all religious and philosophical thoughts and discussions pertaining to Lingayats. These three social reformers did so by the literary means of "Vachana Sahitya" which is very famous for its simple, straight forward and easily understandable Kannada language. Lingayatism preached women equality by letting women wear Ishtalinga i.e. Symbol of god around their neck. Basava shunned
20306-451: Was to be provided, most states (apart from those already providing cooked food) chose to provide "dry rations" to students. "Dry rations" refers to the provision of uncooked 3 kg of wheat or rice to children with 80% attendance. In April 2001, the People's Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) initiated the Public Interest Litigation (Civil) No. 196/2001, People's Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India & Others – popularly known as
20449-457: Was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary medium known as Dasa Sahitya . Purandara dasa is widely recognised as the "Pithamaha" of Carnatic Music for his immense contribution. Ramanuja , the leading expounder of Vishishtadvaita , spent many years in Melkote . He came to Karnataka in 1098 CE and lived here until 1122 CE. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where
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