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81-556: Middlesex School was founded in 1901 by Frederick Winsor, a native of Massachusetts who had previously served as the founding headmaster of Gilman School in Baltimore . He was backed by a coterie of wealthy Bostonians, including his brother Robert (the managing partner of the Kidder, Peabody investment bank), Francis Cabot Lowell , Norwood Penrose Hallowell , William Cameron Forbes , Henry Lee Higginson , and Charles Jackson Paine ,

162-533: A "mix" of or of "vague" Germanic Northwestern European heritages. Historically, the early Anglo-Protestant settlers in the seventeenth century were the most successful group, culturally, economically, and politically, and they maintained their dominance until the late twentieth century at the earliest. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families , such as Boston Brahmin , First Families of Virginia , Old Philadelphians , Tidewater , and Lowcountry gentry or old money , were WASPs. Commitment to

243-573: A 2014 study by the Pew Research Center , Episcopalians ranked as the third wealthiest religious group in the United States, with 35% of Episcopalians living in households with incomes of at least $ 100,000. Presbyterians ranked as the fourth most financially successful religious group in the United States, with 32% of Presbyterians living in households with incomes of at least $ 100,000. The Boston Brahmins , who were regarded as

324-453: A Middlesex dormitory.) Although the school has always been nonsectarian, the founding trustees were all Unitarian, and students were required to attend (nonsectarian) on-campus chapel services until the 1960s. Today, Middlesex's chapel hosts secular school meetings on Wednesdays, and there are no regular religious services. Middlesex's connection to Unitarianism (and Boston's wealthy Boston Brahmin families, many of whom were Unitarians) led to

405-810: A church that belongs to the worldwide Anglican Communion , Episcopalianism has the United Kingdom to thank for the ancestors of fully 49 percent of its members. ... The stereotype of the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) finds its fullest expression in the Episcopal Church." WASP is also used in Australia and Canada for similar elites. WASPs traditionally have been associated with Episcopal (or Anglican ), Presbyterian , United Methodist , Congregationalist , and other mainline Protestant denominations; however,

486-430: A country day school). Today, 28% of Middlesex students are day students, a larger percentage than at any of the other St. Grottlesex schools. A former financial aid student at Harvard College , Winsor introduced a regional scholarship program in 1935, which waived up to two-thirds of tuition and fees for students across the country. The scholarships were explicitly modeled on the scholarship program introduced at Harvard

567-440: A food pantry at Cor Unum (on long weekends), talk to people at a home for the elderly at Walden House (weekly), visit the elderly at Sunday Visits (special schedule), and help small children learn to skate at Gazebo (special schedule). Every fall, all students participate in a Community Service Day instead of going to classes. Several student Community Service Officers, all seniors, help manage the program. Juniors may participate in

648-461: A handful of the highest honors are withheld until Founders Day, the day of Gilman's commencement ceremonies. 39°21′37″N 76°38′02″W  /  39.3603°N 76.6340°W  / 39.3603; -76.6340 White Anglo-Saxon Protestants In the United States , White Anglo-Saxon Protestants or Wealthy Anglo-Saxon Protestants ( WASP ) is a sociological term which

729-522: A mere local institution[] brings us face to face with the traditions and prejudices of every section of the country." Today, 32% of Middlesex students identify as people of color and 12% of Middlesex students come from abroad. The current president of the board of trustees is Jason Robart, an African-American who graduated from Middlesex in 1983. The Middlesex School campus is located in Concord, Massachusetts , about 20 miles outside of Boston . The campus

810-467: A profitable relationship with Harvard University, which had been unofficially Unitarian since the "Unitarian Controversy" in the early 1800s. Harvard president Charles Eliot (the namesake of a Middlesex administrative building) was an early backer of the school, and Harvard dean LeBaron Russell Briggs was a founding member of the Middlesex board of trustees; both of them were Unitarians. (In fact, at

891-659: A style of understated quiet leadership. A common practice of WASP families is presenting their daughters of marriageable age (traditionally at the age of 17 or 18 years old) at a débutante ball , such as the International Debutante Ball at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City. America's social elite was a small, closed group. The leadership was well-known to the readers of newspaper society pages, but in larger cities it

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972-426: A wrestling room, a dance studio, a baseball diamond, eight outdoor tennis courts, eight squash courts, two basketball courts, a hockey rink, a boathouse and pond for crew, and a fitness center. Tuition and fees for the 2023-2024 academic year are $ 72,050 for boarding students and $ 58,350 for day students. 33% of the student body is on financial aid, and the average aid grant is $ 56,731. Middlesex's financial endowment

1053-422: Is $ 220 million. In its Internal Revenue Service filings for the 2021-22 school year, Middlesex reported total assets of $ 434.6 million, net assets of $ 357.7 million, investment holdings of $ 211.2 million, and cash holdings of $ 16.9 million. Middlesex also reported $ 33.3 million in program service expenses and $ 7.2 million in grants (primarily student financial aid ). Middlesex has a 4:1 student-teacher ratio, and

1134-579: Is often used to describe white Protestant Americans of British descent (sometimes more broadly of Northwestern European descent), who are generally part of the white dominant culture or upper-class and historically often the Mainline Protestant elite . Historically or most consistently, WASPs are of British descent , though the definition of WASP varies in this respect. It was seen to be in exclusionary contrast to Catholics, Jews, Irish, immigrants, southern or eastern Europeans, and

1215-474: Is the only nonsectarian member of St. Grottlesex , an informal grouping of five schools historically associated with upper-class White Anglo-Saxon Protestant culture. Its combination of Eastern Establishment prestige and religious permissiveness made it attractive to Jewish, Catholic, and Southern Baptist families who wanted their children to attend an elite boarding school, but not an Episcopalian one. The school did not build an on-campus chapel until 1925, and in

1296-570: The British Isles ; less exacting analysts are willing to throw in Scandinavians, Netherlanders and Germans." The sociologist Charles H. Anderson writes, "Scandinavians are second-class WASPs" but know it is "better to be a second-class WASP than a non-WASP". Sociologists William Thompson and Joseph Hickey described the further expansion of the term's meaning: The term WASP has many meanings. In sociology it reflects that segment of

1377-590: The Declaration of Independence ). By 1910, J.H.U. began moving its campus north from its former downtown location along North Howard Street by Little Ross, West Centre and West Monument Streets, in the neighborhood of Mount Vernon-Belvedere to the newly named "Homewood" campus and constructing its first campus buildings of similar matching Georgian - Federal styles. In 1910, the Country School moved to its current 68-acre (275,000 m²) campus further north in

1458-595: The Ivy League , the Little Ivies , and the Seven Sisters colleges are particularly intertwined with the culture. Until roughly World War II, Ivy League universities were composed largely of white Protestants. While admission to these schools is generally based upon merit, many of these universities give a legacy preference for the children of alumni in order to link elite families (and their wealth) with

1539-555: The MIAA was formed in 1994. The school currently competes in the association's highest grouping, or "A" conference, in every sport except for ice hockey. Gilman confers over 50 awards at the upper school level for achievement in academics, athletics, student leadership, and extracurricular activities. Most prizes are bestowed on seniors; a smaller number are granted to underclassmen by design or as circumstances warrant. The majority are given on Awards Day, held each year in late May, while

1620-582: The Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association . Prominent graduates of Gilman include author Walter Lord , sportswriter Frank Deford , Arizona Governor Fife Symington , Maryland Governor Bob Ehrlich , US Senator Daniel Brewster , US Congressman John Sarbanes , and composer Christopher Rouse and Cyrus Jones . Gilman was founded as The Country School for Boys by Baltimore resident Anne Galbraith Carey, with assistance from Daniel Coit Gilman (1831–1908,

1701-539: The Norman conquest in 1066, Anglo-Saxon refers to the pre-invasion English people. Political scientist Andrew Hacker used the term WASP in 1957, with W standing for 'wealthy' rather than ' white '. The P formed a humorous epithet to imply " waspishness " or someone likely to make sharp, slightly cruel remarks. Describing the class of Americans that held "national power in its economic, political, and social aspects", Hacker wrote: These 'old' Americans possess, for

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1782-538: The Upper East Side in Manhattan has been dominated by wealthy White Anglo-Saxon Protestant families. David Brooks , a columnist for The New York Times who attended an Episcopal prep school, writes that WASPs took pride in "good posture, genteel manners, personal hygiene, pointless discipline, the ability to sit still for long periods of time." According to the essayist Joseph Epstein , WASPs developed

1863-577: The Warburg family , and Schiff steered his grandchildren to Middlesex. The Warburgs eventually built the school library, and their Rothschild relatives also patronized Middlesex. (Although Schiff's business partner Otto Kahn did send his son to Groton, Kahn—unlike Schiff—was not religiously observant.) From the beginning, Middlesex also attracted families from the American South . Due to its financial reliance on white Southern families, Middlesex

1944-585: The mainline Protestant denominations of Christianity , chiefly the Presbyterian , Episcopalian , and Congregationalist traditions. Citing Gallup polling data from 1976, Kit and Frederica Konolige wrote in their 1978 book The Power of Their Glory , "As befits a church that belongs to the worldwide Anglican Communion , Episcopalianism has the United Kingdom to thank for the ancestors of fully 49 percent of its members. ... The stereotype of

2025-526: The 1940s a proposal to place a Christian altar and cross in the chapel was quietly shelved. (When the 1992 film School Ties was shot at Middlesex, the producers had to supply their own altar and cross, as the school did not have any.) The school developed close ties with several notable Jewish families. Investment banker Jacob Schiff had previously declined to send his son Mortimer to Groton because although Groton would admit Mortimer, it would not excuse him from Sunday chapel. Schiff's daughter married into

2106-468: The 1980s, brands such as Lacoste and Ralph Lauren and their logos became associated with the preppy fashion style which was associated with WASP culture. The term WASP became associated with an upper class in the United States due to over-representation of WASPs in the upper echelons of society. Until the mid–20th century, industries such as banks, insurance, railroads, utilities, and manufacturing were dominated by WASPs. The Founding Fathers of

2187-761: The Detroit area, WASPs predominantly possessed the wealth that came from the new automotive industry. After the 1967 Detroit riot , they tended to congregate in the Grosse Pointe suburbs. In the Chicago metropolitan area , white Protestants primarily reside in the North Shore suburbs , the Barrington area in the northwest suburbs, and in Oak Park and DuPage County in the western suburbs. Traditionally,

2268-559: The U.S. and the UK and complaints about perceived "Anglo-Saxon" cultural or political dominance. In December 1918, after victory in the World War, President Woodrow Wilson told a British official in London: "You must not speak of us who come over here as cousins, still less as brothers; we are neither. Neither must you think of us as Anglo-Saxons, for that term can no longer be rightly applied to

2349-546: The U.S. population that founded the nation and traced their heritages to...Northwestern Europe. The term...has become more inclusive. To many people, WASP now includes most 'white' people who are not ... members of any minority group. Apart from Protestant English, British, German, Dutch, and Scandinavian Americans, other ethnic groups frequently included under the label WASP include Americans of French Huguenot descent, Protestant Americans of Germanic European descent in general, and established Protestant American families of

2430-754: The United States by Harriet Zuckerman , between 1901 and 1972, 72% of American Nobel Prize laureates have come from a Protestant background, mostly from Episcopalian, Presbyterian or Lutheran background, while Protestants made up roughly 67% of the US population during that period. Of Nobel prizes awarded to Americans between 1901 and 1972, 84.2% of those in Chemistry , 60% in Medicine , and 58.6% in Physics were awarded to Protestants. The White Anglo-Saxon Protestant upper class has largely held church membership in

2511-459: The United States were mostly educated, well-to-do, of British ancestry , and Protestants. According to a study of the biographies of signers of the Declaration of Independence by Caroline Robbins : The Signers came for the most part from an educated elite, were residents of older settlements, and belonged with a few exceptions to a moderately well-to-do class representing only a fraction of

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2592-781: The United States by USA Today's Super 25 high school football poll. That team featured the Associated Press's Offensive and Defensive Player of the Year in quarterback Ambrose Wooden and lineman Victor Abiamiri . Both players went on to star at Notre Dame, and Abiamiri played five seasons for the Philadelphia Eagles . The 2005 team was ranked 12th in the nation in USA Today's Super 25 high school football poll. The lacrosse team, led by coach, upper school history teacher, and Gilman alumnus (Class of 1987) Brooks Matthews,

2673-515: The United States was typically associated with WASP status, particularly with the Episcopal and Presbyterian Church. Some of the wealthiest and most affluent American families such as the Vanderbilts , Astors , Rockefellers , Du Ponts , Roosevelts , Forbes , Fords , Mellons , Whitneys , Morgans , and Harrimans are white primarily mainline Protestant families. According to

2754-525: The Upper School level, students are required to take courses in history, mathematics, English, science, and a foreign language each semester; an intramural or interscholastic sport each season; and a minimum of art and music instruction over four years. Students must also fulfill a community service requirement and may choose to participate in a range of extracurricular activities. Gilman's Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) program

2835-522: The WASPs (White Anglo-Saxon Protestants) ganging up to take their frustrations out on whatever minority group happens to be handy — whether Negro, Catholic, Jewish, Japanese or whatnot. The term was later popularized by sociologist and University of Pennsylvania professor E. Digby Baltzell , himself a WASP, in his 1964 book The Protestant Establishment: Aristocracy and Caste in America . Baltzell stressed

2916-577: The White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) finds its fullest expression in the Episcopal Church." From 1854 until about 1964, white Protestants were predominantly Republicans . More recently, the group is split more evenly between the Republican and Democratic parties. Episcopalians and Presbyterians are among the wealthiest religious groups and were formerly disproportionately represented in American business, law, and politics. Old money in

2997-661: The Youth in Philanthropy Program, which focuses on teaching students the techniques behind philanthropy and provides $ 10,000 for the students to distribute to worthy causes annually. Every summer, the school sponsors a community service trip to the Linawo Children's Home in South Africa, where students tour the surrounding area, learn about South African culture and history, and assist in the operation of

3078-575: The average class size is 12. The school offers 23 Advanced Placement classes. The Class of 2023's average combined SAT score was 1470 and the Class of 2022's average combined ACT score was 32. In 2023, 234 students took 695 AP exams and passed 91% of them. Middlesex fields teams in 17 different sports and competes in the Independent School League . The fall sports are football, cross country, volleyball, soccer, and field hockey;

3159-525: The center of the social season, the organizing committees are studded with luminaries from publishing, Hollywood and Wall Street and family lineage is almost irrelevant. In 2007, The New York Times reported that there was a rising interest in the WASP culture. In their review of Susanna Salk's A Privileged Life: Celebrating WASP Style , they stated that Salk "is serious about defending the virtues of WASP values, and their contribution to American culture." By

3240-480: The city to Roland Park , along Roland Avenue, just south of the Belvedere Avenue (and the future Northern Parkway). Here was begun one of the first planned suburban developments in America by the new Roland Park Company in 1891. At that time the institution changed its name to "The Gilman Country School for Boys", in honor of the seminal figure in its founding, Dr. Gilman. In 1951, "Country" was dropped from

3321-457: The closed or caste-like characteristic of the group by arguing that "There is a crisis in American leadership in the middle of the twentieth century that is partly due, I think, to the declining authority of an establishment which is now based on an increasingly castelike White-Anglo Saxon-Protestant (WASP) upper class." Citing Gallup polling data from 1976, Kit and Frederica Konolige wrote in their 1978 book The Power of Their Glory , "As befits

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3402-476: The combined impact of Britain and the United States on European affairs. Charles de Gaulle repeatedly sought to "rid France of Anglo-Saxon influence". The term is used with more nuance in discussions by French writers on French decline, especially as an alternative model to which France should aspire, how France should adjust to its two most prominent global competitors, and how it should deal with social and economic modernization. Outside of Anglophone countries,

3483-419: The cultural scene. American values bore the stamp of this Anglo-Saxon Protestant ascendancy. The political, cultural, religious, and intellectual leaders of the nation were largely of a Northern European Protestant stock, and they propagated public morals compatible with their background. Before WASP came into use in the 1960s, the term Anglo-Saxon served some of the same purposes. Like the newer term WASP ,

3564-545: The first president of Johns Hopkins University , 1876–1908). The school opened its doors on September 30, 1897, in the old "Homewood" Mansion (now known as the Homewood Museum , off North Charles Street , constructed 1800 in Georgian - Federal style architecture , for Charles Carroll Jr. (1775–1825), also known as Charles Carroll of Homewood, son of Charles Carroll of Carrollton (1737–1832), last surviving signer of

3645-638: The heyday of WASP dominance, the Social Register delineated high society. According to The New York Times , its influence had faded by the late 20th century: Once, the Social Register was a juggernaut in New York social circles... Nowadays, however, with the waning of the WASP elite as a social and political force, the register's role as an arbiter of who counts and who doesn't is almost an anachronism. In Manhattan, where charity galas are at

3726-581: The high school national championships in Kentucky, and a 16th-place finish at the 2016 National Invitational Boys High School Team Tennis Tournament, in Newport Beach , California. He also led the team to eight consecutive A Conference titles in the Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association . During the 2005–06 school year, six Gilman varsity squads (football, golf, ice hockey, squash, tennis & track and field) won conference titles. In 2008–09,

3807-507: The high tide of WASP control". In 1965, Canadian sociologist John Porter, in The Vertical Mosaic , argued that British origins were disproportionately represented in the higher echelons of Canadian class, income, political power, the clergy, the media, etc. However, more recently, Canadian scholars have traced the decline of the WASP elite. According to Ralph E. Pyle: A number of analysts have suggested that WASP dominance of

3888-477: The ideals of the Enlightenment meant that they sought to assimilate newcomers from outside of the British Isles , but few were interested in adopting a Pan-European identity for the nation, much less turning it into a global melting pot. However, in the early 1900s, liberal progressives and modernists began promoting more inclusive ideals for what the national identity of the United States should be. While

3969-411: The institutional order has become a thing of the past. The accepted wisdom is that after World War II, the selection of individuals for leadership positions was increasingly based on factors such as motivation and training rather than ethnicity and social lineage. Many reasons have been given for the decline of WASP power, and books have been written detailing it. Self-imposed diversity incentives opened

4050-627: The latter of whom donated the land for the school's campus. Winsor and his family played a role in the country day school movement . Middlesex masters trained by Winsor went on to establish Belmont Hill School , Boston Country Day School (a predecessor of Rivers School ), and Fenn School—three private day schools in Greater Boston. In addition, Winsor's sister Mary founded the Winsor School , an all-girls day school in Boston (though not

4131-845: The more traditionalist segments of society continued to maintain their Anglo-Protestant ethnocultural traditions, universalism and cosmopolitanism started gaining favor among the elites. These ideals became institutionalized after the Second World War, and ethnic minorities started moving towards institutional parity with the once dominant Anglo-Protestants. Some of the first colleges and universities in America, including Harvard , Yale , Princeton , Rutgers , Columbia , Dartmouth , Pennsylvania , Duke , Boston University , Williams , Bowdoin , Middlebury , and Amherst , all were founded by mainline Protestant denominations. Expensive, private prep schools and universities have historically been associated with WASPs. Colleges such as

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4212-480: The most part, some common characteristics. First of all, they are 'WASPs'—in the cocktail party jargon of the sociologists. That is, they are wealthy, they are Anglo-Saxon in origin, and they are Protestants (and disproportionately Episcopalian ). An earlier usage appeared in the African-American newspaper The New York Amsterdam News in 1948, when author Stetson Kennedy wrote: In America, we find

4293-498: The name. Gilman has two sister schools: Bryn Mawr School , across Northern Parkway from Gilman to the north and Roland Park Country School , across Roland Ave to the west. All three schools coordinate some Upper School (grades 9–12) classes to the extent that some classes have students from all three schools. The school has three divisions: Lower School (pre-kindergarten through grade five), Middle School (grades six through eight) and Upper School (grades nine through twelve). At

4374-462: The nation's social and cultural elites, were often associated with the American upper class , Harvard University , and the Episcopal Church. Like other sociological groups, WASPs tend to concentrate within close proximity of each other. These areas are often exclusive and associated with top schools, high incomes, well-established church communities, and high real-estate values. For example, in

4455-475: The nineteenth century, Anglo-Saxons was often used as a synonym for all people of English descent and sometimes more generally, for all the English-speaking peoples of the world. It was often used in implying superiority, much to the annoyance of outsiders. For example, American clergyman Josiah Strong boasted in 1890: In 1700 this race numbered less than 6,000,000 souls. In 1800, Anglo-Saxons (I use

4536-552: The non-White. WASPs have dominated American society, culture, and politics for most of the history of the United States. Critics have disparaged them as " The Establishment ". Although the social influence of wealthy WASPs has declined since the 1960s, the group continues to play a central role in American finance, politics, and philanthropy . WASP is also used for similar elites in Australia , New Zealand , and Canada . The 1998 Random House Unabridged Dictionary says

4617-605: The older term Anglo-Saxon was used derisively by writers hostile to an informal alliance between Britain and the U.S. The negative connotation was especially common among Irish Americans and writers in France. Anglo-Saxon , meaning in effect the whole Anglosphere , remains a term favored by the French, used disapprovingly in contexts such as criticism of the Special Relationship of close diplomatic relations between

4698-656: The people of the United States....There are only two things which can establish and maintain closer relations between your country and mine: they are community of ideals and of interests." The term remains in use in Ireland as a term for the British or English, and sometimes in Scottish Nationalist discourse. Irish-American humorist Finley Peter Dunne popularized the ridicule of "Anglo-Saxons", even calling President Theodore Roosevelt one. Roosevelt insisted he

4779-655: The population. Native or born overseas, they were of British stock and of the Protestant faith. Catholics in the Northeast and the Midwest—mostly immigrants and their descendants from Ireland and Germany as well as southern and eastern Europe—came to dominate Democratic Party politics in big cities through the ward boss system . Catholic politicians were often the target of WASP political hostility. Political scientist Eric Kaufmann argues that "the 1920s marked

4860-404: The previous year, and sought to broaden the geographic reach of the student body. Eventually, one-sixth of Middlesex students were recruited through this scholarship program. Today, one-third of Middlesex students are on scholarship, and the student body comes from 32 U.S. states and 20 countries. Middlesex admitted its first black students in 1964 and its first female students in 1974. Middlesex

4941-526: The school archives. In addition, the Bass Arts Pavilion contains two theaters, a gallery, and studio spaces for visual arts. Ware Hall houses the dining hall and student center. Middlesex offers four boys' dormitories (Clay, Landry, Robert Winsor, and Atkins) and five girls' dormitories (Bryant-Payne, Higginson, Hallowell, LeBaron Briggs, and Kravis). Middlesex's athletic facilities include seven playing fields (five grass and two artificial turf),

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5022-408: The school sponsors 16 sports; most teams have varsity and junior varsity programs, while some have fresh-soph and/or middle school squads. Gilman is perhaps best known for its success in swimming, lacrosse and tennis. The football team has won 13 Maryland Interscholastic Athletic Association (MIAA) "A" Conference championships in the last 20 seasons. The 2002 team finished 10–0 and was ranked 14th in

5103-565: The school. These legacy admissions allowed for the continuation of WASP influence on important sectors of the US. Members of Protestant denominations associated with WASPs have some of the highest proportions of advanced degrees . Examples include the Episcopal Church , with 76% of those polled having some college education, and the Presbyterian Church , with 64%. According to Scientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in

5184-539: The shelter. Gilman School Gilman School / ˈ ɡ ɪ l m ən / is an all-boys independent school located in the Roland Park neighborhood of Baltimore , Maryland . There are three school divisions: Lower School, grades pre-kindergarten through five; Middle School, grades six through eight; and Upper School, grades nine through twelve. Founded in 1897 as the Country School for Boys , it

5265-419: The sister schools. The school offers numerous courses, several through the tri-school collaboration. Cross-registration also allows for a variety of languages to be offered, which currently include French, Spanish, Latin, Ancient Greek, Chinese, Russian, and Arabic. Gilman enjoys a tradition of athletic success. Since the year 2000, 12 Gilman varsity teams have won at least one conference championship. Overall,

5346-544: The term Anglo-Saxon and its translations are used to refer to the Anglophone peoples and societies of Britain, the United States, and countries such as Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. Variations include the German Angelsachsen , French le modèle anglo-saxon , Spanish anglosajón , Dutch Angelsaksisch model  [ nl ] and Italian Paesi anglosassoni  [ it ] . In

5427-438: The term WASP has sometimes expanded to include not just "Anglo-Saxon" or English-American elites but also American people of other Protestant Northwestern European origin, including Protestant Dutch Americans , Scottish Americans , Welsh Americans , German Americans , Ulster Scots or "Scotch-Irish" Americans , and Scandinavian Americans . A 1969 Time article stated, "purists like to confine Wasps to descendants of

5508-456: The term has expanded to include other Protestant denominations as well. The concept of Anglo-Saxonism, and especially Anglo-Saxon Protestantism, evolved in the late 19th century, especially among American Protestant missionaries eager to transform the world. Historian Richard Kyle says: Protestantism had not yet split into two mutually hostile camps – the liberals and fundamentalists. Of great importance, evangelical Protestantism still dominated

5589-457: The term is "sometimes disparaging and offensive". Anglo-Saxon refers to people of English ancestry ; however, some sociologists and commentators use WASP more broadly to include all White Protestant Americans of Northwestern European and Northern European ancestry. In the early Middle Ages Anglian and Saxon kingdoms were established over most of England, ('land of the Angles'). After

5670-449: The term somewhat broadly to include all English-speaking peoples) had increased to about 20,500,000, and now, in 1890, they number more than 120,000,000. In 1893, Strong envisioned a future "new era" of triumphant Anglo-Saxonism: Is it not reasonable to believe that this race is destined to dispossess many weaker ones, assimilate others, and mould the remainder until... it has Anglo-Saxonized mankind? The popular and sociological usage of

5751-678: The time Middlesex was founded, Eliot's son Samuel was president of the American Unitarian Association .) Frederick Winsor tailored the Middlesex curriculum to Harvard's entrance requirements and ensured that many of the teachers were Harvard graduates. In 1967, Middlesex placed more students at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton (as a percentage of the graduating class) than all but one New England boarding school. However, Harvard's connection to Unitarianism eroded over time. By 1983, Unitarian Universalists comprised only 28 out of Harvard Divinity School 's 380 students. Middlesex

5832-610: The volleyball team won its first MIAA title, while the squash and swimming teams also won conference championships. Gilman's biggest rival is the McDonogh School , located in suburban Owings Mills. A football game between the two schools has taken place every fall since 1914. Gilman leads this series, 61-41-5, including a win in the 100th game in 2015. Fall offerings Winter offerings Spring offerings Gilman's varsity athletic teams have won over 120 championships since 1940, including 41 conference titles since

5913-510: The winter sports are wrestling, dance, squash, ice hockey, alpine skiing, and basketball; the spring sports are crew, lacrosse, baseball, tennis, track, and golf. Middlesex's primary athletic rival is the St. George's School in Middletown, Rhode Island . Middlesex offers several community service programs. Students may help clean up a soup kitchen at Open Table (weekly), serve food and clean at

5994-644: Was Dutch. "To be genuinely Irish is to challenge WASP dominance", argues California politician Tom Hayden . The depiction of the Irish in the films of John Ford was a counterpoint to WASP standards of rectitude. "The procession of rambunctious and feckless Celts through Ford's films, Irish and otherwise, was meant to cock a snoot at WASP or ' lace-curtain Irish ' ideas of respectability." In Australia, Anglo or Anglo-Saxon refers to people of English descent, while Anglo-Celtic includes people of Irish, Welsh, and Scottish descent. In France, Anglo-Saxon refers to

6075-771: Was designed by the Olmsted Brothers architectural firm, and the firm Peabody and Stearns designed most of the main buildings. Most of the campus buildings are located around The Circle, a grassy field at the center of the campus. Classes are taught in Eliot Hall (the humanities building and administrative center); the Clay Centennial Center (the math and science building); and the Rachel Carson Music and Campus Center. Warburg Library contains 48,000 books, additional classroom space, and

6156-420: Was founded to "meet the needs of the large body of Unitarian parents who [we]re not wholly satisfied to send their boys to the so-called [ Episcopal ] Church schools" like St. Paul's , St. George's , St. Mark's , and Groton . (Although Groton's founder Endicott Peabody had come from an established Unitarian family, he converted to Episcopalianism in college, to his mother's dismay; his family members donated

6237-588: Was hard to remember everyone, or to keep track of the new debutantes and marriages. The solution was the Social Register , which listed the names and addresses of about 1 percent of the population. Most were WASPs, and they included families who mingled at the same private clubs, attended the right teas and cotillions , worshipped together at prestige churches, funded the proper charities, lived in exclusive neighborhoods, and sent their daughters to finishing schools and their sons away to prep schools . In

6318-463: Was one of the last major New England boarding schools to admit black students, doing so in 1964. (Middlesex had admitted its first Asian student in 1938.) After rejecting Booker T. Washington 's son in 1902, Frederick Winsor apologetically explained to Washington that "we have the wishes of the parents to consider as well, and we shall have boys next year from as far south as Augusta, Georgia .... Unfortunately for us, our ambition to be something more than

6399-490: Was ranked #312 in Newsweek 's 2019 nationwide survey of US high schools. A number of courses permit cross-registration by students from two neighboring girls' schools: Bryn Mawr and Roland Park Country School . In turn, Gilman students, primarily seniors, are able to enroll in equivalent courses at these sister schools. Starting junior year, students are allowed to take necessary classes like English and other subjects at

6480-410: Was ranked the #1 high school team in the United States by LaxPower at the conclusion of both the 2008 and 2009 seasons. The team has captured 16 MSA & MIAA "A" conference titles. The lacrosse program has produced many stars in college lacrosse. Former top-50 professional tennis player Steve Krulevitz is the varsity tennis head coach at the school, where he led the team to a 12th-place finish at

6561-496: Was the first country day school in the US. It is named for Daniel Coit Gilman , the first president of Johns Hopkins University and an early supporter of efforts by Anne Galbraith Carey to form an all-boys day school. Gilman enrolls approximately 1,400 students, ranging from pre-kindergarten to 12th grade, under the instruction of 146 faculty members. It is a member of the Association of Independent Maryland Schools and

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