The Miette River ( / ˈ m aɪ . ɛ t / or / m aɪ ˈ ɛ t / ) is a short river in Jasper National Park , Alberta, Canada. It flows south-southwest through the Rocky Mountains before draining eastward into the Athabasca River at Jasper.
61-694: The Miette forms at the base of Mount Moren, with meltwater from Mount Bridgeland, Salient Mountain, Mount McCord, and Mount Beaupre contributing to the initial flow. The Miette River, as well as various other geological features in Jasper National Park , are named after the Cree language word for bighorn sheep , ᒫᔭᑎᕁ mâyatihk . The Miette River Trail runs along the Miette River. It goes for approximately 43.5 kilometres. The trail follows an abandoned railway for some of its distance. One of
122-530: A wildfire destroyed a significant part of the town of Jasper and its surrounding area. Many of North America's most iconic animals can be found at Jasper. There are at least 50 mammalian species in and around the park, including: Jasper, with its varied habitats and remote environments, is home to at least 160 known avian species, mostly belonging to the Accipitriformes , Anseriformes , Galliformes , Passeriformes and Strigiformes . The park
183-754: A country in which they could be legally owned. Orders in Council were controversially used in 2004 to overturn a court ruling in the United Kingdom that held that the exile of the Chagossians from the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) was unlawful. Initially, the High Court in 2006 held that these Orders in Council were unlawful: "The suggestion that a minister can, through the means of an order in council, exile
244-539: A national park in 1930, and declared a UNESCO world heritage site in 1984. Its location is north of Banff National Park and west of Edmonton . The park contains the glaciers of the Columbia Icefield , springs , lakes , waterfalls and mountains . The territory encompassed by what is now Jasper National Park has been inhabited since time immemorial by Nakoda , Cree , Secwépemc , and Dane-zaa peoples. Plainview projectile points have been found at
305-577: A road between Jasper and Banff, which ultimately formed the basis for the Icefields Parkway . Internment camps were established again during World War II , when three hundred Japanese Canadians were forcibly sent to three road camps in Jasper. Additionally, 160 conscientious objectors , many of them Mennonites from the Prairie provinces , were interned at Jasper and put to work upgrading
366-476: A tourist route allowing visitors to access and view many of the park's attractions. The Icefields Parkway (also known as Highway 93) is a highway 230 km (140 mi) in length running from Lake Louise, Alberta , in Banff National Park , to Jasper, Alberta , where it meets Highway 16. The scenic highway runs parallel to the continental divide, providing motor and cycle access to the heart of
427-535: A whole population from a British Overseas Territory and claim that he is doing so for the ' peace, order and good government ' of the territory is to us repugnant." The UK government's first appeal failed, with the Court of Appeal holding that the decision had been unlawfully taken by a government minister "acting without any constraint". However, the government successfully appealed to the House of Lords , which overturned
488-776: Is a 16 km (9.9 mi) scenic park road that runs from Highway 16 to the Miette Hot Springs , one of the parks core attractions. Alberta Highway 93A is a 24 km (15 mi) parallel road to the Icefields Parkway that provides access to several hikes, campgrounds and the Marmot Basin Ski Resort. Marmot Basin Road provides access to the Marmot Basin Ski Area and several trailheads from Highway 93A. Celestine Lake Road
549-534: Is a long gravel road that runs along the north bank of the Athabasca River providing access to several remote trailheads. Pyramid Lake Road is a short road that provides tourists access to the several lakes and resorts just north of Jasper. Jasper National Park is managed by Parks Canada under the National Parks Act . On a provincial level , the park area outside of Municipality of Jasper
610-488: Is administered by Alberta Municipal Affairs as Improvement District No. 12 (Jasper National Park) . The Municipality of Jasper was formed by the Government of Alberta in 2001 and has its own local government. Jasper National Park is featured in the 2010 3D animated comedy-drama film Alpha and Omega as the location the two wolf protagonists are taken from and struggle to return to. A KLM Boeing 777-300
671-565: Is merely another form of statutory instrument (in the UK, regulated by the Statutory Instruments Act 1946 ), albeit subject to more formalities than a simple statutory instrument. Like all statutory instruments, they may simply be required to be laid before both Houses of Parliament, or they may be annulled in pursuance of a resolution of either the lower house ( House of Commons in the UK and Canada or House of Representatives in
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#1732776413695732-586: Is named after Jasper National Park. Order in council An Order in Council is a type of legislation in many countries, especially the Commonwealth realms . In the United Kingdom , this legislation is formally made in the name of the monarch by and with the advice and consent of the Privy Council ( King-in-Council ), but in other countries the terminology may vary. Orders-in-Council are distinct from Orders of Council , which are made in
793-634: Is not as well known as the Icefields Parkway, but provides several viewpoints and access to hiking routes such as the Maligne Canyon trails. The road has a speed limit of 60 km/h (37 mph) due to frequent wildlife. Edith Cavell Road is a 14 km (8.7 mi) scenic park road that provides access to the Edith Cavell meadow area from the Icefields Parkway. This road is open only between May and October, and RVs are prohibited due to its tight switchback corners. Miette Hot Springs Road
854-551: Is now well documented that Canadian Prime Minister Mackenzie King seriously considered acting to protect the Soviet-Canadian military alliance against Nazi Germany by silencing Kirkconnell with an Order-in-Council. An Order in Council made by the Brian Mulroney government on 21 November 1988 created Amex Bank of Canada, a Canadian banking subsidiary of American Express , although federal banking policy at
915-614: Is part of the Saskatchewan / Nelson River system which ultimately flows into Hudson Bay . The park is coextensive with the province of Alberta's Improvement District No. 12 . Attractions that can easily be reached by road include the Mount Edith Cavell hiking area, Maligne Lake (which features hiking and boating opportunities), Maligne Canyon , Miette Hot Springs , Pyramid Lake , the Jasper Skytram and
976-633: Is pleased, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:" Section 20(1) of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 allows the King in Council to exercise a measure of legislative power in the event of an emergency. Other matters dealt with by statutory Orders in Council include the closure of burial grounds under the Burial Act 1853 , approval of statutes made by Oxford or Cambridge colleges under
1037-492: The Unemployment and Farm Relief Act , which allocated funds for public works projects in the national parks. Labourers, many of them laid-off Canadian National Railway workers, were employed on road and bridge projects within the park, for which they were paid 25 to 30 cents per hour, working eight hours a day up to six days per week. In October, 1931, under the auspices of the relief project , construction started on
1098-454: The 2020 Nova Scotia attacks . The order immediately nullified the existing registrations of ownership for all the weapons it affected, making it illegal for owners to possess, use, transport, or sell them except in a few limited circumstances. A second Order in Council was simultaneously passed declaring an amnesty period until April 30, 2022, in which time owners of newly-prohibited firearms could have them deactivated, destroyed, or exported to
1159-550: The Athabasca Glacier , (an outlet glacier of the Columbia Icefield which features snow coach tours). The Marmot Basin ski area is the most popular winter attraction in the park. Common summer recreational activities in the park include hiking , fishing , mountain biking (in select areas), wildlife viewing, rafting , kayaking and camping. Winter activities include Alpine skiing , cross-country skiing and snowshoeing . Some companies offer dog sled tours in
1220-680: The Austro-Hungarian Empire , including Ukrainians , who made up the largest affected population, and the Ottoman Empire . The interned men were primarily employed in the construction of a road from the town of Jasper, along the Maligne River first to Medicine Lake , and later on to Maligne Lake . In 1931, in response to the Great Depression , the government of Prime Minister R. B. Bennett enacted
1281-657: The Canadian National Railway (CNR) by an Order in Council. The railway was later followed by a road built between Edmonton and Jasper. The section between the town of Jasper and the eastern gate of the park was completed in 1928; however, it took another three years for the province of Alberta to complete the remaining stretch of the road into Edmonton. By the time the GTP's railway track cleared Yellowhead Pass in 1911, there were already eight hotels established in Jasper, but they were rudimentary, and did not meet
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#17327764136951342-600: The Caribbean Territories (Abolition of Death Penalty for Murder) Order 1991 . Within the United Kingdom itself, court decisions can be formally overruled only by an act of Parliament or by the decision of a higher court on appeal. In the rest of the Commonwealth they are used to carry out any decisions made by the cabinet and the executive that would not need to be approved by Parliament . It
1403-624: The Scottish Parliament in certain circumstances in the same way as they would have been laid before the Westminster Parliament. From 2007, legislation put before the Welsh Assembly is enacted through Orders in Council after following the affirmative resolution procedure. An Order in Council of this type usually has the following form: "His Majesty, in pursuance of [relevant section of primary legislation],
1464-581: The Senedd (Welsh Parliament; Welsh : Senedd Cymru ) in 2020, at the same time gaining the competence to pass Acts of Senedd Cymru , assent to which is given by letters patent without requiring the involvement of the Privy Council. For most of the period from 1972 to 2007, much Northern Ireland legislation was made by order in Council as part of direct rule . This was done under the various Northern Ireland Acts 1974 to 2000, and not by virtue of
1525-591: The Tonquin Valley , the Skyline Trail, Jones Pass, Jacques Lake and the Fryatt Valley. The remote North Boundary Trail which provided access to the north half of the park is a multiweek backpacking trip. Canoe and kayaking access to the backcountry can be achieved on Maligne Lake. The park contains several major roads, most of which are intended to be scenic routes that provide access to all of
1586-632: The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1923 , and the appointment of HM Inspectors of Education, Children's Services and Skills under the Education and Inspections Act 2006 . Under the Government of Wales Act 2006 , royal assent to Measures of the National Assembly for Wales was given by Order in Council, but this is not done by statutory instrument but in a form similar to that of a prerogative order. The National Assembly became
1647-536: The Canadian Rockies and is considered to one of the park's main attractions. Along its length the parkway has many viewpoints, tourist attractions, hikes and campgrounds. The Athabasca and Sunwapta Falls are both accessible by the road. In May 2014, Glacier Sky Walk opened to the public. It is glass-floored observation platform 280 metres (920 ft) over the Sunwapta Valley. Unlike Highway 16,
1708-531: The High Court and Court of Appeal decisions ( R v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, ex parte Bancoult (No 2) ). The Law Lords decided that the validity of an order in council made under the prerogative legislating for a colony was amenable to judicial review. Also, it was not for the courts to substitute their judgement for that of the Secretary of State as to what was conducive to
1769-544: The Icefields Parkway is strictly a tourist route, and all freight traffic is prohibited from using the road. All users must have a parks pass. Maligne Lake Road is a scenic park road that is 44 km (27 mi) in length and runs from Highway 16 near Jasper to Maligne Lake roughly following the course of the Maligne River. It is the park's other major tourist road (besides the Icefields Parkway). It
1830-592: The Maligne Lake and Medicine Lake roads, as well as building a road from Geikie to the British Columbia border. In 1984, Jasper, Banff, Kootenay, Yoho, as well as the Hamber, Mount Robson, Mount Assiniboine provincial parks, were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Since 1999, the arrival of the mountain pine beetle has impacted the park with 93,000 hectares of the park's forest infested with
1891-536: The Nakoda as Chaba Imne —in 1908, she did so by following a map given to her by Samson Beaver , a Nakoda guide and hunter. Jasper National Park's name originates from Jasper Haws, a Maryland -born fur trader who worked for the North West Company . In 1815, Haws took command of a North West Company trading post, built on Brûlé Lake in 1813, which subsequently became known as Jasper's House. In 1830,
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1952-467: The Parks Branch expressly forbade hunting in Jasper and the other mountain parks, deprecating First Nations' centuries-long history of subsistence hunting in the region as indiscriminate slaughter of the local game wildlife. Despite the prohibition on hunting, the park and its tourist facilities became a base of operations for wealthy Canadian and American sport hunters for hunting trips further into
2013-627: The Rockies, beyond the prohibitions in place in the mountain parks and the Rocky Mountains Forest Reserve . In 1930, Jasper Forest Park officially became Jasper National Park with the passing of the National Parks Act . Section 4 of the act further underlined the park's wilderness preservation function, with Canada's National Parks "dedicated to the people of Canada for their benefit, education and enjoyment" and "maintained and made use of so as to leave them unimpaired for
2074-617: The beetle by 2017. In 2016, Parks Canada released the Mountain Pine Beetle Management Plan which includes prescribed burns and removal of infected trees to reduce the fire risk and to prevent the beetles from spreading into provincial land. In 2011, the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada designated Jasper National Park as a dark-sky preserve due to its minimal light pollution and ideal conditions for dark sky viewing. In 2024,
2135-700: The eastern side of the Rocky Mountains , around the headwaters of the Athabasca and Smoky Rivers in particular, most of them employed by the North West Company. By the time David Thompson crossed the Athabasca Pass in 1810, led by a Haudenosaunee guide named Thomas, there were hundreds of Haudenosaunee and Anishinaabe people living in the region. When Mary Schäffer Warren became the first settler to visit Maligne Lake —known by
2196-473: The enjoyment of future generations." Ironically, given the mandate its mandate to preserve natural spaces, the act also redefined Jasper Park's boundaries, removing 518 square kilometres (200 sq mi) of land from the park—including Brûlé Lake and Rock Lake —opening the excised area to coal mining and hydroelectric development. In 1911, the Grand Trunk Pacific (GTP) laid track through
2257-446: The expectations of the well-heeled clientele to which the GTP advertised. Jasper Park Lodge , the focal point of the GTP's Jasper advertising campaign, did not open until 1922, three years after the company's bankruptcy and only a year before the railway was merged into the nationally owned CNR. Like the GTP before it, Canadian National featured both Jasper park and the lodge prominently in its advertising literature. From its founding,
2318-435: The government's decisions. Apart from acts of Parliament, orders in council are the main method by which the government implements decisions that need legal force. An order in council made under the royal prerogative does not depend on any statute for its authority, although an act of Parliament may change this. This type has become less common with the passage of time, as statutes encroach on areas that used to form part of
2379-469: The head of Jasper Lake , dating back to between 8000 and 7000 BCE. In the centuries between then and the establishment of the park, First Nations land use has fluctuated according to climatic variations over the long term, and according to cyclical patterns of ungulate population numbers, particularly elk , moose , mule deer , and occasionally caribou . Starting in the 1790s, Haudenosaunee and Nipissing hunters and trappers moved in large numbers to
2440-578: The internment of aliens of "enemy nationality". Between 1914 and 1920, 8,579 "enemy aliens" were detained in internment camps. During the Second World War , the Soviet newspaper Trud accused poet and university professor Watson Kirkconnell , who was known to be both a Ukrainophile and a publicist of human rights abuses under Stalinism , of being "the Führer of Canadian Fascism ". It
2501-619: The land, including buildings, ditches, and fences, and ordered to leave the park. In 1911, Jasper Forest Park came under the administration of the newly established Dominion Parks Branch of the Department of the Interior , under the purview of James Bernard Harkin , at which time the name was changed to simply Jasper Park. Under Harkin, Canada's national parks were to fulfill a dual mandate of wilderness protection and economic development—primarily as tourist destinations. In particular,
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2562-537: The landmarks on the trail is the Rink Cabin. This article related to a river in Alberta , Canada is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Jasper National Park Jasper National Park , in Alberta , Canada, is the largest national park within Alberta's Rocky Mountains , spanning 11,000 km (4,200 sq mi). It was established as Jasper Forest Park in 1907, renamed as
2623-530: The malaise of modern life. However, the vision of wilderness on which the development plan depended was at odds with the presence of long-established Métis homesteaders within the boundaries of the park, many of whom were descended from the white and Haudenosaunee fur traders and trappers employed by the North West Company and the Hudson's Bay Company in the 19th century. In 1909, six Métis families were declared squatters , paid compensation for improvements made to
2684-692: The name of the Governor General by the King's Privy Council for Canada ; provincial orders-in-council are of the Lieutenant-Governor-in-Council by the provincial Executive Council . In other places in name of the governor by the executive council ( Governor-in-Council , Governor-General-in-Council , etc.). In New Zealand, the orders in council, undertaken by the Executive Council , are required to give effect to
2745-517: The name of the Council without sovereign approval. There are two principal types of order in council: orders in council whereby the King-in-Council exercises the royal prerogative , and orders in council made in accordance with an act of Parliament . In the United Kingdom, orders are formally made by the monarch with the advice of the Privy Council ( King-in-Council or Queen-in-Council ). In Canada, federal orders in council are made in
2806-464: The other realms) or the upper house ( House of Lords in the UK or Senate in other realms) ('negative resolution procedure'), or require to be approved by a resolution of either or, exceptionally, both houses ('affirmative resolution procedure'). That said, the use of Orders in Council has been extended more recently, as the Scotland Act 1998 provides that draft Orders in Council may be laid before
2867-522: The park and over Yellowhead Pass. That same year, the GTP founded the town of Fitzhugh around the company's railway station; the town was renamed Jasper in 1913. The GTP's route across the pass was followed in 1913 by the Canadian Northern (CNoR). Both having both fallen into financial difficulty, the two railways were nationalized —the GTP in 1919 and the CNoR in 1923—and eventually merged into
2928-900: The park include the Maligne River , the Snake Indian River , Rocky River and the Miette River . The northernmost area of the park is drained separately by the Smoky River . Both the Smoky and Athabasca Rivers form part of the Mackenzie River drainage, the largest river system in Canada, which itself is part of the Arctic Ocean basin. The southeast section of the park is drained by the Brazeau River which
2989-470: The park's front-country attractions. Since a good sample of parks scenery and wildlife can be viewed from the roads themselves, driving them is considered a core part of the park experience. Highway 16 (part of the Trans-Canada Highway and Yellowhead Highway systems) is the main route through the park and is the only major east–west corridor crossing the mountains in that area. It serves as both an important trade and travel corridor for through traffic and
3050-416: The park. Only a small fraction of the parks area is road accessible. The rest forms a large backcountry area which is largely only accessible by trail. Large areas of the backcountry are rarely visited as many areas' trails are poorly maintained or non existent. Access into the backcountry is most often accomplished by backpacking or horseback and in rare cases kayak or raft. Popular backcountry trips include
3111-411: The parks extreme southernmost point at an unnamed lake unofficially known as Columbia Lake due to it being fed by one of the Columbia Icefield 's many outlet glaciers. Despite its misleading name, the well-known Athabasca Glacier is actually the source of the Sunwapta River , a tributary of the Athabasca, not the main river itself. Other major tributaries of the Athabasca River that drain large areas of
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#17327764136953172-445: The royal prerogative. Matters which still fall within the royal prerogative and hence are regulated by (prerogative) orders in council include the prorogation of Parliament, royal charters, and the governance of British Overseas Territories . British Orders in Council may occasionally be used to effectively reverse court decisions or enforce British law applicable to British Overseas Territories without involving Parliament such as
3233-429: The royal prerogative. The use of orders in Council during direct rule is classified as "primary legislation" and not "subordinate legislation" according to section 21 of the Human Rights Act 1998 – subordinate legislation continued to be fulfilled by statutory rules . After the British Empire entered World War I on the Allied side, an Order in Council was made in Canada for the registration and in certain cases for
3294-442: The time of his application, national security was not included as a ground for refusal in the Canadian Passport Order , which was since amended to include the ground. In July 2017, the government of Canada used an Order in Council to strip ex-Nazi interpreter Helmut Oberlander of his Canadian citizenship. On May 1, 2020, an Order in Council was used to declare over 1,500 models of firearm to be prohibited weapons, in response to
3355-416: The time would not ordinarily have permitted such an establishment by a foreign company. In July 2004 and August 2006, Orders in Council were used to deny a passport to Abdurahman Khadr , a member of the Khadr family who had previously been held in detention by the United States at Guantanamo Bay , on the grounds of national security. The first was overturned on judicial review by the Federal Court as, at
3416-486: The town of Jasper, and later the Jasper Park Lodge, served as a hub for a variety of outdoor sporting activities. Even as Mary Schäffer Warren was becoming the first settler to visit Maligne Lake, outfitters were springing up in the park to rent out equipment and guide hikers and alpinists . The Alpine Club of Canada , formed in 1906 and sponsored through the 1920s in part by the CNR, held seven of its annual alpine camps in Jasper between 1926 and 1950. And while hunting
3477-427: The trading post was relocated further up the Athabasca River , just north of Jasper Lake . The site of Jasper House itself was designated a national historic site in 1924. Jasper House was destroyed in 1910, but it gave its name to both the national park, and the town of Jasper within the Park. Jasper Forest Park was established by a federal order in council on September 14, 1907. The park's establishment
3538-403: Was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, together with the other national and provincial parks that form the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks , for the mountain landscapes containing mountain peaks, glaciers , lakes, waterfalls, canyons , and limestone caves as well as fossils found here. Most of the park's area forms the headwaters of the Athabasca River , which originates in
3599-414: Was forbidden within park grounds, the park's facilities served as a base of operations for outfitters and guides who led wealthy hunters on hunting trips into the forest reserves outside Jasper's boundaries. In 1916, following the precedent set at Rocky Mountains Park, the Government of Canada opened an internment camp for individuals deemed enemy aliens , primarily immigrants from the German Empire ,
3660-434: Was long thought that prerogative orders, being primary legislation, were not subject to judicial review . This was reversed in the 1985 case Council of Civil Service Unions v Minister for the Civil Service , which, however, allowed for some exceptions, such as national security. A given prerogative order therefore may or may not be subject to judicial review, depending on its nature. In this second case, an order in council
3721-435: Was spurred by plans for the construction of a second Canadian transcontinental railway, which was to cross the Rocky Mountains at Yellowhead Pass ; Jasper Park was intended to be developed into an alpine resort in the mould of Rocky Mountains Park , with a train station, tourist hotels, and a service town. Collectively, the mountain parks were intended as a sort of wilderness playground for middle-class workers, an antidote to
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