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39-469: The design effort on the MiG-AT began when Soviet authorities looked to replace the country's ageing fleet of Aero L-29 and L-39 military trainer aircraft. The project competed with proposals from the design bureaux of Sukhoi , Myasishchev and Yakovlev ; in 1992, the designs of the two former firms were eliminated, leaving the MiG-AT and Yak-130 as the sole contenders for a government contract. Due to

78-595: A MiG-29 UB and an L-39 acting as chase planes . The aircraft reached a height of 1,200 m (4,000 ft) and a speed of 400 km/h (250 mph). The second prototype joined the flight test programme in October 1997; by then, the first aircraft had accumulated more than 200 test flights. Mikoyan had originally planned to conduct the test programme using three flying prototypes and a static aircraft and also to construct about fifteen additional aircraft for its joint international marketing effort with Snecma. The MiG-AT

117-647: A Polish civilian biplane piloted by Dionizy Bielański, who had been attempting to defect to the West . The L-29 was supplanted in the inventory of many of its operators by the Aero L-39 Albatros . The L-29 which was commonly used alongside the newer L-39 for a time. The type was used extensively to conduct ground attack missions in the First Nagorno-Karabakh War by Azeri forces. At least 14 were shot down by Armenian air-defences, out of

156-444: A mid-air collision between the two ejector seats. During their late life, many L-29s were resold onto private operators and have seen use in the civil sector. It has become common for various modifications to be carried out to convert the type for such use; these changes would commonly include the removal of military-orientated equipment (such as the gun sight ), the replacement of the metric altimeters with Western counterparts,

195-467: A trainer and combat jet, and in the end, on 10 April 2002, it was announced that the Yak-130 had indeed been selected over the MiG-AT. Mikoyan protested the decision, in particular the expanded requirements for a lightweight combat trainer, and the weapons load requirement that was apparently too great for such physically-inadequate designs. By then, the two prototypes had amassed 750 flights. An aspect of

234-807: Is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force . Born in Kudinovo , Moscow oblast , Vladimir Mikhailov was educated at a local Machinery vocational school (1962), Yeysk Higher Military Aviation Institute  [ ru ] (gold degree, 1966), and between 1966 and 1975 he served in a Taganrog -based air force regiment, with extramural courses at Gagarin Air Force Academy (1975). Throughout his Air Force career Mikhailov served in numerous positions, including Dean of Borisoglebsk Aviation Training Center  [ ru ] (from 1980 to 1985), deputy and first deputy commander of

273-403: Is a jet-powered trainer aircraft, known for its straightforward and simplistic design and construction. In terms of its basic configuration, it used a mid-wing matched with a T-tail arrangement; the wings were unswept and accommodated air intakes for the engines within the wing roots . The undercarriage was reinforced and capable of withstanding considerable stresses. According to Fredriksen,

312-529: Is more conventional than the competing Yak-130. It has a low-set, straight wing, engines mounted on either side of the fuselage and a mid-mounted tail. The first aircraft had avionics that had been jointly developed by Sextant Avionique and GosNIIAS that was derived from prior French software. The avionics system comprised multi-function liquid crystal displays , a head-up display and other navigation systems, some of which used commercial technology to shorten development time. The avionics systems, when working with

351-609: The 2008 South Ossetia war . On 18 January 2015, separatist forces in the War in Donbass claimed that they possessed an operational L-29. Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1971–72 General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Vladimir Sergeyevich Mikhaylov Army General Vladimir Sergeyevich Mikhaylov ( Russian : Владимир Серге́евич Михайлов ; born October 6, 1943)

390-674: The L-29A Akrobat . Another model, an armed reconnaissance version complete with multiple downwards-looking cameras installed in the rear cockpit position, referred to as the L-29R , was also under development; however, during 1965, the L-29R project was terminated. Optional armaments could be installed upon some models, consisting of either a detachable gun pod or a pod containing up to four unguided missiles , which could be set upon hardpoints underneath each wing. The Aero L-29 Delfín

429-553: The XL-29 , performed its maiden flight . The L-29 was selected to become the standard trainer for the air forces of Warsaw Pact nations, for which it was delivered from the 1960s onwards. During the early 1970s, the type was succeeded in the principal trainer role by another Aero-built aircraft, the L-39 Albatros , heavily contributing to a decline in demand for the earlier L-29 and the end of its production during 1974. During

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468-577: The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the subsequent fall in defence spending, Mikoyan entered into collaboration with French firms Snecma / Turbomeca and Sextant Avionique (later Thales Avionics ), who would provide the aircraft engines and avionics, respectively. Following the freezing of the MiG-AT's final design in early 1994, the Moscow Aircraft Production Association (MAPO) started fabricating

507-604: The 1970s for the Alpha Jet . Under a 1995 agreement between French and Russian authorities, the Russian side reserved the right to locally produce and develop a higher thrust derivative of the engine. In November 1996, a contract was signed for the production of ten Larzac engines for the initial pre-production aircraft, which did not come into fruition. At the same time, the Soyuz Design Bureau  [ ru ]

546-729: The Air Force of the Moscow Military District (1985–1989). In 1991, he earned a degree at the General Staff Academy and was assigned to the North Caucasus Military District as Air Force component commander, Air army commander. He was implicated in a corruption scandal described by Aleksandr Kirpichnikov  [ ru ] in his book. In 1998, he assumed the office of deputy Air Force Commander-in-Chief. In 2002 he

585-576: The British Armstrong Siddeley Viper turbojet engine. From 10 September to 14 September 2008, a pair of L-29s took first and second place at the Reno Air Races . Both L-29s consistently posted laps at or above 500 miles per hour; former Astronaut Curt Brown took first place in "Viper," followed by Red Bull racer Mike Mangold in "Euroburner." Russia has claimed that it destroyed a pair of Georgian L-29s during

624-486: The Delfín programme. The student pilot and their instructor were placed in a tandem seating layout underneath separate canopies , the instructor being placed in a slightly elevated position to better oversee the student. Both the student and instructor were provisioned with ejection seats ; these were intentionally interlinked to fire in a synchronised manner if either seat was deployed as to eliminate any possibility of

663-613: The L-29 functioned as a relatively good ground-attack aircraft when deployed as such. It saw several uses in this active combat role, such as when a number of Egyptian L-29s were dispatched on attack missions against Israeli ground forces during the Yom Kippur War of 1973. The type was also used in anger during the Nigerian Civil War of the late 1960s. On 16 July 1975, a Czechoslovak Air Force L-29 reportedly shot down

702-513: The L-29 has been used in active combat during several instances, perhaps the most high-profile being the use of Nigerian aircraft during the Nigerian Civil War of the late 1960s and of Egyptian L-29s against Israeli tanks during the brief Yom Kippur War of 1973. In the late 1950s, the Soviet Air Force commenced the search for a suitable jet-powered replacement for its fleet of piston-engined trainers; over time, this requirement

741-661: The L-29 was relatively underpowered, yet exhibited several favourable characteristics in its flight performance, such as its ease of handling. The primary flying controls are manually operated; both the flaps and airbrakes were actuated via hydraulic systems. Production aircraft were powered by the Czech-designed Motorlet M-701 turbojet engine, which was capable of generating up to 1,960lbf of thrust. Between 1961 and 1968, approximately 9,250 engines were completed; according to reports, no fewer than 5,000 of these engines were manufactured in support of

780-419: The MiG-AT's fly-by-wire flight-control system , allowed the aircraft to adopt the characteristics of third- and fourth-generation jet fighters . The second prototype differed from the first in having Russian avionics and hardpoints for the carriage of armament. The aircraft is powered by two Snecma-Turbomeca Larzac 04R20 turbofan engines, rated at 3,175 lbf (14.12 kN), that had been developed in

819-632: The Mikoyan's original 1993 agreement with the French companies was that the latter would assist in the marketing of the MiG-AT outside the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). In particular, the agreement was intended to add credibility to the project, and to draw on Snecma's international business network. Aside from the CIS, Russia would market the aircraft to countries that had traditionally purchased

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858-462: The TS-11; however, all of the other Warsaw Pact countries decided to adopt the Delfín under the agreements of COMECON . During April 1963, full-scale production of the L-29 commenced; 3,600 aircraft were manufactured over a production run of 11 years. During its production life, several derivatives of the L-29 were developed, such as a dedicated, single-seat, aerobatic version, which was designated as

897-791: The addition of alternative radio systems, and new ejection seats. It was also routine for several subsystems, such as the oxygen system, to be disabled rather than removed. In excess of 2,000 L-29 Delfins were ultimately supplied to the Soviet Air Force. Like the majority of Soviet-operated aircraft, it acquired its own NATO reporting name, "Maya." In the trainer role, the L-29 enabled air forces to adopt an "all-through" training regime using only jet-powered aircraft, entirely replacing earlier piston-engined types. The Delfín served in basic, intermediate and weapons training roles. For this latter mission, they were equipped with hardpoints to carry gunpods, bombs or rockets; according to Fredrikson,

936-566: The aircraft may be introduced to the Russian Air Force in 2023. UAC announced in December 2023 that it plans to build a new training complex, the main element of which will be the new single-engine MiG-UTS aircraft, which is a spiritual successor of MiG-AT. Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004, airforce-technology.com, General characteristics Performance Armament Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era The initial version of this article

975-562: The biggest aircraft industrial programme to take place in any of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) countries except the Soviet Union. In response to a sizable requirement for a common jet-propelled trainer to be adopted across the diverse nations of the Eastern Bloc , Aero decided to embark upon their own design project with a view to suitably satisfying this demand. On 5 April 1959, an initial prototype, designated as

1014-547: The country's aircraft, including India and Malaysia. The aircraft was demonstrated to officials and pilots of such countries as Algeria, Greece, India and the United Arab Emirates. Despite the loss in 2002 to the Yakovlev design, Mikoyan proceeded with discussions with prospective overseas partners and continuing flight-test programme. In February 2004, the design received its Russian military certification, and it

1053-491: The course of the programme, in excess of 3,000 L-29 Delfín trainers were produced. Of these, around 2,000 were reported to have been delivered to the Soviet Union, where it was used as the standard trainer for the Soviet Air Force . Of the others, which included both armed and unarmed models, many aircraft were delivered to the various COMECON countries while others were exported to various overseas nations, including Egypt , Syria , Indonesia , Nigeria and Uganda . Reportedly,

1092-501: The development process, leading to the adoption of manual flight controls, large flaps , and the incorporation of perforated airbrakes positioned on the fuselage sides. Aerodynamically, the L-29 was intentionally designed to possess stable and docile flight characteristics; this decision contributed to an enviable safety record for the type. The sturdy L-29 was able to operate under austere conditions, including performing take-offs from grass, sand or unprepared fields . On 5 April 1959,

1131-484: The effort was headed by a pair of aerospace engineers, Z. Rublič and K. Tomáš. Their work was centered upon the desire to produce a single design that would be suitable both performing basic and advanced levels of the training regime, carrying pilots straight through to being prepared to operate frontline combat aircraft. The basic design concept was to produce a straightforward, easy-to-build and operate aircraft. Accordingly, both simplicity and ruggedness were stressed in

1170-486: The first prototype. The two companies, which would merge in 1995 to form MAPO-MiG, used their own funds for the construction of the aircraft. The first MiG-AT (81 White) was rolled out in May 1995, before it was transferred to Zhukovsky , where it made a short initial "hop" in early March 1996. Its official first flight, however, took place on 21 March 1996, when Roman Taskayev took the aircraft aloft for 45 minutes, accompanied by

1209-464: The main rival submissions for the Warsaw Pact 's standardised trainer. Shortly after the completion of the fly-offs, it was announced that the L-29 had been selected as the winner; according to aviation author John C. Fredrikson, this outcome had been highly unexpected and surprising to several observers. Regardless of the result, Poland chose to continue to pursue the development and procurement of

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1248-413: The original requirements for a purely trainer aircraft to one that encompassed a light combat capability. In mid-March 2002, Commander-in-Chief Vladimir Mikhailov stated that the Yak-130 had been chosen over the MiG-AT as the air force's new trainers, only for the media to subsequently report that both aircraft had been chosen. The Yak-130, however, was said to be superior as it could serve the dual role of

1287-647: The prototype XL-29 conducted its maiden flight , powered by a British Bristol Siddeley Viper turbojet engine. The second prototype, which flew shortly thereafter, was instead powered by the Czech-designed M701 engine. The M-701 engine was used in all subsequent aircraft. During 1961, a small pre-production batch of L-29s were evaluated against the Polish PZL TS-11 Iskra and the Russian Yakovlev Yak-30 ,

1326-694: The total inventory of 18 L-29s; the Azeri Air Force lost large amounts of its air force due to anti aircraft fire. On 2 October 2007, an unmodified L-29 was used for the world's first jet flight powered solely by 100 per cent biodiesel fuel. Pilots Carol Sugars and Douglas Rodante flew their Delphin Jet from Stead Airport , Reno, Nevada to Leesburg International Airport , Leesburg, Florida in order to promote environmentally friendly fuels in aviation. The L-29, much like its L-39 successor, has found use in air racing, some of which have been re-engined with

1365-454: Was based on material from aviation.ru . It has been released under the GFDL by the copyright holder. Aero L-29 The Aero L-29 Delfín (English: Dolphin , NATO reporting name : Maya ) is a military jet trainer developed and manufactured by Czechoslovakian aviation manufacturer Aero Vodochody . It is the country's first locally designed and constructed jet aircraft, and likely

1404-581: Was expected that Algeria would be the first to place an order for the aircraft. In June 2018, vice president of the United Aircraft Corporation Sergei Korotkov announced the Russian Defence Ministry is considering a revival of the program and possibility of using the aircraft as a main platform for base training of pilots. Further, it was reported by Viktor Bondarev if the decision is taken,

1443-455: Was progressively broadened towards the goal of developing a trainer aircraft that could be adopted and in widespread use throughout the national air forces of the Eastern Bloc countries. Around the same time, Czechoslovakia had also been independently developing its own requirements for a suitable jet successor to its then-current propeller-powered trainer aircraft. In response to these demands, Aero decided to develop its own aircraft design;

1482-750: Was promoted to the post of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force . He has the title Hero of the Russian Federation . On May 9, 2007, Mikhaylov resigned from office due to his age. Among numerous orders and decorations General of the Army Vladimir Sergeyevich Mikhaylov was awarded: This biographical article related to the Russian military is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This military aviation article

1521-567: Was working on a Russian alternative to the Larzac, named the RD-1700  [ ru ] , rated at 3,750 lbf (16.7 kN) at take-off. Both aircraft prototypes later served as a separate test beds for the RD-1700 and NPO Saturn AL-55 I engine. As the tender for a military trainer progressed, operational experience in the air force and pressure from foreign participating companies shifted

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