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29-492: Milanówek was established in the late 19th and early 20th century as a result of parceling land belonging to Michał Lasocki, and lying along the Warsaw-Vienna Railway . Since the beginning, Milanówek was a summer resort for wealthy residents of Warsaw , who set up lavish summer homes that often, when the owners decided to move permanently, were turned into grand villas. The most famous of the early holiday-makers

58-563: A Ceramics factory to produce Fayence china, the beginning of that particular industry in the area. His own firm lasted ten years from 1840 to 1850. In the same voivodeship at Firlej, he opened the first Ironworks near the mineral quarry at the village of Serock . Thus he was able to initiate the first local metal production line for agricultural machinery and implements, including scythes. He also opened factories at Żyrardów, Starachowice and in Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski. In 1829, he became

87-558: A Siberian exile and mother of the philanthropist, Feliks Sobański . After home tutoring, Henryk entered the Warsaw law school founded by his father in 1808. Having completed his studies there, he continued law studies in Paris. He returned to Poland aged 25 and married Irena Potocka. He bought his eldest brother's estate at Kazimierza Wielka and in 1818 he settled there with his wife for a time. There he planned his first sugar processing plant,

116-626: A direct connection between Upper Silesian Industrial Area and the Baltic Sea coast while the PKP rail line 8 offers an alternative connection between Warsaw and Kraków, however the line still remains one of Poland's main trunk lines. Henryk %C5%81ubie%C5%84ski Henryk Jan Nepomucen Łubieński , Pomian coat of arms , (11 July 1793, in Prague – 17 September 1883, in Wiskitki , Poland ) –

145-535: A director of Bank Polski, and then between 1832 and 1842, he rose to be its vice president. In 1830, with his older brother, Tomasz he opened a department store, Bracia Łubieńscy i Spółka – "Łubieński Brothers and Partners". The store developed fortuitously just as the November Uprising was in preparation and they were able to import armaments and military equipment from the United Kingdom . At

174-700: A great range of industrial and business start-ups. He initiated coal mining at Huta Bankowa  [ pl ] in Dąbrowa Górnicza with a capital loan from the Bank Polski. Incidentally, the bronze cast memorial to him with his bust, unveiled in 1839, was the first such casting made in Poland from a coal fired Smelting at Huta Bankowa. He founded the Sugar factory at Guzów in 1829 and another sugar plant at Częstocice in 1839. While at Lubartów he started

203-517: A project brought to fruition by one of his nephews, Kazimierz. In 1820 he was appointed counsel to his voivodeship and completed a higher law degree at Warsaw University in 1826. His property portfolio was extensive and scattered: he owned estates in Częstocice , Wiskitki , Guzów , Kazimierza Wielka , Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski , Firlej Lublin Voivodeship and Lubartów . He collaborated in

232-465: A victim of Russian political repression, he never again participated in public life. He was born amid profound political turbulence in his nation, while his mother had sought sanctuary with her young family in the Czech capital, and his father was engrossed in affairs of state in Poland. He was the seventh of ten children and fifth of seven sons of two well connected Polish nobles, Tekla Teresa Łubieńska ,

261-529: A writer and dramatist and Felix Łubieński , a jurist and future minister of justice in the Duchy of Warsaw , soon (1796) to be granted the hereditary title of count by Frederick Wilhelm III of Prussia . All the Łubieński's siblings survived into adulthood. They were, brothers: Franciszek, Tomasz Łubieński , Piotr, Tadeusz, Jan, Józef and sisters: Maria Skarżyńska, Paulina Morawska and Róża Sobańska, known as "The Siberian rose" for her charitable work and wife of

290-626: The Kingdom of Poland . He was one of the co-founders of the Mill town of Żyrardów and its textile industry in 1832 and a participant in the creation a new industrial and rail infrastructure in Poland. He is considered an economic pioneer and visionary, along with several of his brothers, in welcoming the Industrial Revolution , through their own entrepreneurial initiatives into their then partitioned, occupied and agrarian country during

319-1430: The Upper Silesian Railway (Oberschlesische Bahn) and William's Railway (Wilhelmsbahn) was joined to the Austrian Northern Railway (in Bohumin ), which reached the Prussian border from Vienna. An entirely Austrian communication was not available before 1856, when the Austrian Eastern National Railway , predecessor of the Kraków and Upper Silesia Railway, closed the gap with a branch from Trzebinia to Czechowice-Dziedzice . The first five locomotives were purchased from John Cockerill 's factory in Seraing. Later on, additional engines were obtained from Borsig and other West European factories. From 1901 locomotives were Russian-built, but different from common Russian stock. Main line: Warsaw - Grodzisk Mazowiecki - Skierniewice - Koluszki - Piotrków Trybunalski - Radomsko - Częstochowa - Zawiercie - Ząbkowice Będzińskie - Strzemieszyce Południowe - Granica (border with Austria) Branch lines: The railway forms

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348-468: The Kraków and Upper Silesia railway. The branch line from Skierniewice to Łowicz forms the present day PKP rail line 11 and the branch from Koluszki to Łódź Fabryczna - PKP rail line 17 . The significance of the line as the main connection with southern Poland has decreased following the construction of the Central Rail Line in the 1970s, as well as the 1930s Coal Trunk Line providing

377-689: The Russian Empire which used the broad gauge ( 1,524 mm or 5 ft ), hence it formed a system physically separated from other Imperial Russian railways. The first concrete plan to build a railway between Warsaw and the southern border of the Congress Poland was submitted to Bank Polski (Polish Bank) by a consortium led by Henryk Łubieński in January 1835. Three years later, in 1838 Towarzystwo Akcyjne Drogi Żelaznej Warszawsko-Wiedeńskiej (Warsaw-Vienna Rail Road Company Ltd)

406-444: The creation of a factory for surgical and dental instruments: "MIFAMA". After the administrative reform of 1999, Milanówek became one of the six municipalities forming the district Grodziski. Monuments of Milanowek include the parish church of St. Hedwig, the "Turczynek" villa, accommodation for soldiers from World War II and many villas built between 1896 - 1945, including "Potęga", "Matulinek", "Hygea", and "Borówka". They are all in

435-515: The economic development of his country. Henryk died, like his father, aged 90, and was buried in Wiskitki. He married Irena Potocka with whom he had two daughters who included Maria Magdalena Łubieńska , and eight sons, who included Edward, Tomasz Wentworth, Konstanty Ireneusz (later a bishop who died in Siberian exile), Julian, and Jan Nepomucen. For his role in the November Uprising , he

464-501: The first half of the 19th century. Łubieński's brilliant industrial career and activism came to an abrupt end in 1842, when he was arrested and charged with misappropriating public funds for personal use. It is said that the charges were entirely politically motivated by the then occupying authorities . In 1848 the year his own father died, he was finally convicted and sent into Russian exile in Kursk for six years. On his return to Poland,

493-451: The line. Initially, the line was single, but from the outset, the earthworks were prepared for a second track, which was gradually added to the whole route between 1872 and 1881. The terminal border station lay close to Szczakowa Station of the Kraków and Upper Silesia railway (Kolej Krakowsko-Górnośląska / Krakau-Oberschlesische Bahn). This line indirectly, via the two Prussian lines of

522-427: The name of the line) and beyond. It was the first railway line built in Congress Poland and the second in the Russian Empire, after a short stretch of 27 km between Tsarskoye Selo and Saint Petersburg ( Saint Petersburg - Tsarskoe Selo Railway ) which opened in 1837. The line used the standard European gauge ( 1,435 mm ( 4 ft  8 + 1 ⁄ 2  in )), as opposed to all other railways in

551-566: The national register of historic monuments (26 items). 388 pre-war villas and other valuable buildings in the middle of Milanowek have been included in the national register of historic monuments. Football club Milan Milanówek was founded in 1986. As of 2021, they compete in the fifth-tier IV liga in the Masovian II group. Milanówek is twinned with: Warsaw-Vienna Railway The Warsaw-Vienna Railway ( Polish : Kolej Warszawsko-Wiedeńska , German : Warschau-Wiener Eisenbahn )

580-537: The original trail form a separate line, designated PKP rail line 447 , serving local traffic. In Dąbrowa Górnicza the PKP rail line 1 diverges along the original branch line to Sosnowiec and a short final segments to Katowice follows the route of the Upper Silesian Railway, while the end of the main line to Szczakowa forms PKP rail line 133 from Dąbrowa Górnicza Ząbkowice to Kraków Główny , together with

609-410: The present day PKP rail line 1 from Warszawa Zachodnia station to Katowice railway station , which runs along the original route from Warsaw up to Ząbkowice in present-day Dąbrowa Górnicza , however on the initial stretch between Warszawa Zachodnia and Grodzisk Mazowiecki the line runs on an additional pair of tracks added during the second half of the 20th century, while the tracks running along

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638-729: The same time, Henryk Ł. opened a factory to make gunpowder and Saltpeter , and tailoring workshops and a shoe factory to produce military boots. Having organised mining and metalwork, in 1835 Łubieński now turned his attention to building a railway joining Warsaw with Zaglebie Dabrowskie , in outline essentially what was to become the Warsaw-Vienna railway line. In 1842, he and Józef Lubowidzki president of Bank Polski were charged with misappropriating public funds for personal use. They denied and resisted these accusations which brought scandal and shame upon them and their illustrious families. The court case lasted six years. Finally, in 1848,

667-478: The year the Łubieński clan patriarch, Felix Walezjusz, died in his 90th year, Henryk Łubieński was convicted and sentenced to a year in prison, but after interventions it was commuted to exile in Kursk for five years. His brother, Tomasz, raised the funds to pay off the creditors and buy his conditional release and was able to bring him back home. He returned to Poland in 1853 but he played no further significant role in

696-512: Was Polish writer, Boleslaw Prus . Another permanent resident of the town was sculptor Jan Szczepkowski . Developed in the interwar period , and still dominant in the older part of town, is some residential architecture. In the 1920s Central Experimental Station of Silk Production was founded. During World War II , an urn with the heart of Frédéric Chopin , transferred from Holy Cross Church in Krakowskie Przedmieście in Warsaw,

725-740: Was a railway system which operated since 1845 in Congress Poland , then part of the Russian Empire . The main component of its network was a line 327.6 km in length from Warsaw to the border station at Maczki (then called Granica) in Sosnowiec with the Austrian Empire , and since 1867 the Austro-Hungarian Empire . There the line reached the Austrian railway network, offering connections to Vienna (hence

754-423: Was established and granted a licence to build the railway. Arguments between proponents of horse and steam traction lasted many years, and only in 1840, the latter was chosen when the building work started. The company went bankrupt in 1843 and was taken over by the state. In 1857 the line was leased to a private company (also called Towarzystwo Akcyjne Drogi Żelaznej Warszawsko-Wiedeńskiej ) for 75 years, however, it

783-409: Was re-nationalized in 1912, with a compensation paid to the shareholders (mostly Belgians and Germans). The first stretch of the line, from Warsaw to Grodzisk Mazowiecki (30 km), opened on 14 June 1845, and was extended to Skierniewice with a branch to Łowicz on 15 October 1845. Trains reached Częstochowa in 1846, Ząbkowice in 1847 and the Austrian border on 1 April 1848. There were 27 stations on

812-614: Was stored in St. Hedwig Church in Milanówek. During the Warsaw Uprising vital organs of Polish Underground State moved to Milanówek and gave the town the nickname "Little London". In 1951 the town received city rights. In 1961 the city limits were extended, taking over villages including Nowa Wieś (now this part of the city is called Milanowek Kazimierówka). In the communist period there was further development of industry, especially

841-551: Was the scion of a Polish magnate family , landowner, financier , lawyer, early industrialist , economic activist, and co-founder of the Towarzystwo Kredytowe Ziemskie w Królestwie Polskim , a banking credit institution in Congress Poland . He was elected to the Sejm of Congress Poland and became a government counsel. He rose to the rank of vice president of Bank Polski , the national bank of Poland during

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