87-399: Javier Gerardo Milei (born 22 October 1970) is an Argentine politician and economist who has served as president of Argentina since December 2023. He has taught university courses and written on various aspects of economics and politics and also hosted radio programs on the subject. Milei's views distinguish him within mainstream Argentine politics . In November 2021, Milei was elected to
174-567: A chainsaw on stage, smashing a piñata on air to symbolize his plans, calling Pope Francis "a filthy leftist", and praising American gangster Al Capone as "a hero". In the August 2023 primary elections, which are seen as an indication of how citizens are likely to vote in the October 2023 general election, Milei emerged as the leading candidate, with 30 percent of the vote, ahead of the traditional Peronism–Kirchnerism and Macrism that dominated
261-622: A military junta , where power was shared by the chiefs of the armed forces. In 1962, the president of the Senate ruled, but in the other cases, a military chief assumed the title of president. It is debatable whether these military presidents can properly be called presidents, as there are issues with the legitimacy of their governments. The position of the current Argentine government is that military presidents Jorge Rafael Videla and Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri were explicitly not legitimate presidents. They and their immediate successors were denied
348-403: A minarchist , Milei advocates minimal government , focusing on justice and security, with a philosophy rooted in life, liberty, and property , and free-market principles. He criticizes socialism and communism , advocating economic liberalization and restructuring government ministries. He opposes Argentina's Central Bank and current taxation policies. Economically, Milei is influenced by
435-460: A right-wing populist and right-wing libertarian , and supports laissez-faire economics, aligning specifically with minarchist and anarcho-capitalist principles. Milei has proposed a comprehensive overhaul of the country's fiscal and structural policies. He supports freedom of choice on drug policy, firearms , sex work , and same-sex marriage , while opposing abortion and euthanasia . In foreign policy, he advocates closer relations with
522-494: A United States senator, shared an interview between Viviana Canosa and Milei on Twitter, jokingly proposing to invite him to the 2024 Republican Party presidential debates . In February 2017, Milei considered Domingo Cavallo the best minister of economy of Argentina, because he ended the 1989 hyperinflation and started reforms in the state; and blamed the 2001 crisis on the mistakes of the previous ministers of economy that Cavallo could not fix in time. In November 2017, he caused
609-424: A budget deficit, averaging 4.03% of GDP. Milei achieved a budget surplus within the first few months of being in office through gutting chunks of the government structure, downsizing it drastically. This led to 20% of federal employees being laid off, saving the government nearly 20 billion dollars in expenses. In October 2024, Milei announced the shutting down of 'Administración Federal de Ingresos Públicos' (AFIP),
696-488: A career in economics. The collapse of Argentina's exchange rate led to Milei becoming interested in economics during the early 1980s. Milei studied introductory economics and the law of supply and demand , which he thought seemed to be at odds with the ongoing hyperinflation; he said he saw people throwing "themselves on top of the merchandise" in a supermarket and began to study economics in more detail to understand it. Milei obtained an economics degree ( licentiate ) from
783-565: A clinic in the United States; the process cost him about $ 50,000. He has called his dogs his “four-legged children” and thanked them after his electoral win. Milei has also stated that he has ornithophobia . President of Argentina The president of Argentina ( Spanish : Presidente de Argentina ; officially known as the president of the Argentine Nation Spanish : Presidente de la Nación Argentina )
870-523: A complex and controversial public image marked by a blend of populist , right-wing libertarian, and conservative ideologies. Known for his ultra-liberal economic views and right-wing populist rhetoric, Milei's political stance has been subject to various interpretations by international media and political commentators. His rise to prominence during the 2023 presidential campaign, fueled by his primary win, sparked widespread attention, as did his central bank abolition and dollarization proposals. Milei
957-546: A lack of support in Congress, observers pointed to a 200% inflation rate, rising poverty, and a polarized population as challenges for his presidency. His foreign minister, Diana Mondino , announced that Argentina would not join the BRICS bloc of developing economies as planned in 2024. In his first speech as president, Milei warned of an economic shock , which has been described as shock therapy in economic terms, to be used as
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#17327906129751044-551: A means to fix Argentina's economic woes. Following his inauguration, Milei saw his popularity rise. After the first governmental and economic reforms he and his ministers made, 53% of the Argentine people had a good or very good opinion of him, according to a poll by Aresco on 15 December. Milei's cabinet includes ministers from La Libertad Avanza and Juntos por el Cambio . In his first acts as president, Milei signed 13 decrees, mostly related to his cabinet members. He also lowered
1131-423: A notable presence on television, with a 2018 ranking by Ejes showing him as the most interviewed economist on television, at 235 interviews and 193,347 seconds. Milei also hosted his own radio show, Demoliendo mitos ( Demolishing Myths ), featuring regular appearances by Alberdian and right-wing libertarian personalities, including the economist and businessman Gustavo Lazzari, the lawyer Pablo Torres Barthe, and
1218-521: A popularity poll published by Clarín on 7 June 2024, most of the Argentines still had a positive image of their president and an optimistic view of future economic measures taken by the executive power despite opposition protests and strikes. Late May, over 50 per cent of the Argentine people had a positive idea of Milei while around 40 per cent did not. Argentina's inflation slowed in February for
1305-511: A second consecutive month as Milei continued to push austerity and deregulation measures in an effort to revive the country's struggling economy. Argentina's monthly inflation slowed down to 13.2% in February, compared to 20.6% in January and 25.5% in December. It reached a 3 year low of 2.7% in October of 2024, with projections of further decreases. Starting in 2011, the country consistently ran
1392-683: A sign more of discontent with the status quo than support for his politics, and his victory was likened to Donald Trump 's in the United States and Jair Bolsonaro 's in Brazil. Within the Argentine Congress, Milei's coalition achieved about 20% in the Chamber of Deputies and 10% in the Senate. In his victory speech, Milei pledged a new political era, vowing to begin "the reconstruction of Argentina" and end its economic decline. Milei took office as president on 10 December 2023. In addition to
1479-558: A stir by declaring that "the main producer of Argentina's economists is a Marxist indoctrination center", in reference to the Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Buenos Aires , leading to what he called "the ubiquitous proliferation of Keynesian brutes". On 26 June 2018, Milei called journalist Teresita Frías a burro (literally "donkey", meaning "ignorant" or "uneducated" in Argentine slang) after she criticized his ideological views as totalitarian. As he refused to apologize, Milei
1566-431: A violent attitude toward journalists and critics, as well as of misogynistic behavior, including toward women in journalism. Milei is a cosplayer , and has a superhero persona called "General AnCap". He also champions free love . In addition to being nicknamed el Peluca ("The Wig") for his eccentric hair, which has been compared to that of Trump and fellow right-wing populists Boris Johnson and Geert Wilders , Milei
1653-530: Is also used by the Air Force chief of staff. As helicopters , a Sikorsky S-70 (H-01 ) and two Sikorsky S-76 (H-02 and H-03 ) also make-up the fleet, with an additional Air Force Bell 212 , as needed. During Néstor Kirchner and Cristina Fernández administration AAP used different aircraft for their global flights, most notably Boeing 747 loaned from Aerolíneas Argentinas and a private Bombardier Global 5000 . Following military coups that overthrew
1740-566: Is both head of state and head of government of Argentina . Under the national constitution , the president is also the chief executive of the federal government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces . Throughout Argentine history, the office of head of state has undergone many changes , both in its title as in its features and powers. The current president Javier Milei was sworn into office on 10 December 2023. He succeeded Alberto Fernández . The constitution of Argentina, along with several constitutional amendments , establishes
1827-460: Is considered the cradle of Kirchnerism . Upon assuming office as deputy, Milei fulfilled one of his campaign promises by raffling off his salary to a random person each month, aiming to "return money to the citizens". He described this monthly raffle, which is open to anyone, as a way to get rid of what he considered dirty money, saying: "The state is a criminal organization that finances itself through taxes levied on people by force. We are returning
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#17327906129751914-399: Is indifferent to same-sex marriage , and supports privatization in education and healthcare. He opposes mandatory vaccination , and supports drug legalization and the legalization of prostitution . As a supporter of the right to keep and bear arms , Milei advocates deregulation of firearm ownership and proposes immigration restrictions for criminals. In foreign policy, Milei criticizes
2001-487: Is known as el Loco ("The Crazy One"). News outlets have called him a "rock singer and tantric sex instructor", a "former tantric sex coach", and a "mixture of a messianic preacher and a rock star", and have likened him to both Trump and Wolverine . His admirers also call him "The Lion" because of the lyrics of the song "Panic Show" by rock band La Renga , which he sings in his public acts, coupled with his looks (in particular, his long hair). In 2024, Time named him one of
2088-502: Is known for his flamboyant personality, distinctive personal style, and strong media presence, which at times causes controversy, and his embrace of conspiracy theories , including the Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory . He has also called the idea of climate change as a man-made phenomenon "a socialist lie" and said that concerns about it are nothing more than "deceptions promoted by the neo-Marxists", as are those related to
2175-528: Is responsible for the security of the entire presidential family. To move the president uses aircraft that are part of the Presidential Air Group : The main aircraft was a Boeing 757 known as Tango 01 after its military registry: "T-01" (the "T" stands for "Transport", although it is fortuitously pronounced "Tango", as in the Argentine national dance , in the NATO alphabet ). The 757 entered
2262-606: The 100 most influential people in the world , in which stated that "with Milei in office, there will be no going back for Argentina." The chainsaw has become an enduring and popular symbol associated with Milei (he has been called the "chainsaw candidate"), specifically symbolizing his "cutting" of regulations, bureaucracy, and red tape in Argentina. Some commentators have called Milei's economic policy of cutting regulations "chainsaw economics". Milei's supporters often carry chainsaws at rallies, symbolizing "his promise to cut down
2349-524: The Argentine Chamber of Deputies , representing the City of Buenos Aires for La Libertad Avanza . As a national deputy, he limited his legislative activities to voting, focusing instead on critiquing what he sees as Argentina's political elite and its propensity for high government spending. Milei pledged not to raise taxes and donated his national deputy salary through a monthly raffle. He defeated
2436-570: The Austrian School , and admires former president Carlos Menem 's policies. He supports capitalism , viewing socialism as embodying envy and coercion. Milei proposes reducing government ministries and addressing economic challenges through spending cuts and fiscal reforms, criticizing previous administrations for excessive spending. He has praised the economic policies of former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher and called her "a great leader". Milei opposes abortion and euthanasia ,
2523-536: The Falkland Islands ' status as a British Overseas Territory for the time being, accepting that it could take decades for Argentina to gain control over them. Though asserting that Argentine would not "relinquish our sovereignty" over the islands, Milei said he would not "seek conflict with the United Kingdom", preferring to resolve the dispute "within the framework of peace." Milei has cultivated
2610-632: The IMF , opposes trade unions , aligns with anti-socialist figures of the Americas like Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro , and prioritizes alliances with the United States and Israel. He is cautious about relations with China, and supports Ukraine against Russia in the latter's ongoing invasion . Milei advocates for dialogue with the United Kingdom over the Falkland Islands sovereignty dispute . In May 2024, he indicated his general acceptance of
2697-743: The Jewish Sabbath could pose challenges if he became president. Upon being elected president, it was reported that Milei intended to convert to Judaism. Milei owns five English Mastiffs , with the progenitor being Conan , who died in 2017 after suffering from spinal cancer . He considers Conan his son and has named four of Conan's six clones , including one named after the original and another named Angelito, Milton (in honor of Milton Friedman ), Murray (in honor of Murray Rothbard ), Robert, and Lucas (both named after Robert Lucas Jr. ). Milei said that he cloned Conan because he understands cloning as "a way of approaching eternity". To do this, he went to
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2784-493: The Libertarian Party , Milei ran for president of Argentina as part of La Libertad Avanza. His running mate was Victoria Villarruel . His younger sister, Karina Milei, managed his campaign. In May 2022, Milei was rising in the polls. In June 2022, he officially launched his presidential campaign. In March 2023, a poll showed that 17 percent of Argentines would vote for him and that his political coalition would become
2871-635: The United States , United Kingdom , and Israel and supporting Ukraine in response to the Russian invasion of the country . Javier Gerardo Milei was born on 22 October 1970 in Palermo, Buenos Aires to Norberto Milei and Alicia Lucich. He grew up in the Villa Devoto neighborhood and later moved to Sáenz Peña, Buenos Aires . Milei's mother, Alicia, was a homemaker, and his father, Norberto,
2958-614: The attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election . Echoing Donald Trump , he also claimed electoral fraud ahead of the 2023 presidential runoff. Like other right-wing populists, his rhetoric focuses on opposing what he calls "the political caste". Milei's party was criticized for including among his candidates alleged neo-Nazis and apologists for the National Reorganization Process . During his political career, Milei has also been involved in several investigations, and has been accused of having
3045-471: The king of Spain was still regarded as head of state. Executive power was still not in the hands of a single person until the position of supreme director was created by the 1813 National Assembly . In 1817, Congress declared independence and composed a constitution. This established the Supreme Director as head of state and vested the position with presidential powers. This constitution gave
3132-721: The provisional president of the Senate ; in his or her absence, by the president of the Chamber of Deputies ; and in the absence of both, by the president of the Supreme Court . In case of the permanent absence of both the president and the vice president, due to resignation, death, or removal, the Constitution (art. 88) entitles the National Congress Assembled to select a new president from among
3219-610: The viceroy . These viceroys were seldom natives of the country. By the 18-25 May Revolution in 1810, the first Argentine autonomous government , known as the Primera Junta , was formed in Buenos Aires . It was later known as the Junta Grande when representatives from the provinces joined. These early attempts at self-government were succeeded by two Triumvirates and, although the first juntas had presidents,
3306-422: The 1994 constitutional amendment, the president serves for four years, with a possibility of immediate reelection for one more term. A president who has served two consecutive terms may be elected again after an interval of one term. There is no limit on how many times a candidate may seek the presidency if they are unsuccessful. The same rules apply, mutatis mutandis , to the vice presidency of Argentina. Under
3393-561: The 2030 issue to 18.125 cents in July 2022, fueled by investor bets that the cabinet of Milei will be able to successfully transform the Argentine economy. According to a February 2024 study by the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina , the poverty rate in January 2024 climbed to 57%, which has been partly attributed to Milei's relaxing of controls on the exchange rate of Argentina's currency. This move brought
3480-655: The Milei administration shelved plans to join BRICS , which Argentina was slated to join on January 1. In March 2024, Argentina announced a charge against Venezuela before the International Civil Aviation Organization for allegedly violating the Convention on International Civil Aviation after Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro banned Argentine aircraft from its airspace earlier in the month amid traded accusations with Milei. In
3567-472: The Peronism that he claims to fight, threatened all those who wanted to open their mouths". Statements by the prosecutor Ramiro González did not provide concrete data about the allegations. While the investigation was still progressing as of July 2023, Milei dismissed it as a political operation to discredit him, and demanded that Ramiro González be investigated, accusing him of damaging his image. A member of
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3654-476: The argentinian tax agency. According to Bloomberg Línea, 80 percent of AFIP's 2024 budget was allocated for salary payments. With the restructuring, a significant reduction in staff is anticipated, including the termination of over 3,000 AFIP agents who were "irregularly hired" by the previous administration. The changes will also slash "higher-level positions by 45 percent and lower-level positions by 30 percent," while also reducing senior officials' salaries. Overall,
3741-505: The chief economist at Máxima AFJP, a private pension company; a head economist at Estudio Broda, a financial advising company; head economist of Corporación América; and a government consultant at the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes . He was also a senior economist at HSBC Argentina. He served as chief economist at several national and international government public bodies. Since 2012, Milei has led
3828-873: The coalition La Libertad Avanza (Freedom Advances), which secured third place in primary elections with 13.66 percent of the vote and third in the 2021 Argentine legislative election with 17 percent, and the far-right coalition entered the Argentine Congress . They performed best in Cordoba and Santa Fe , the second- and third-most populous districts in the country, and performed well in Peronist strongholds in North Tucuman , Salta , La Rioja , San Juan , and in Santa Cruz in Patagonia, which
3915-526: The constitution of 1853 had an article that considered the usurpation of public power as 'treason', but was referred to the de jure rulers. For this reason the constitutional reform of 1994 included Article 36 which says: In summary, the article states: The office of vice president was established by the 1853 constitution for the purpose of providing a succession in case the president is unable to complete their term via death, resignation, or removal from office. The Argentine constitution (art. 88) entitles
4002-424: The constitution of 1853, the president served for six years, with no possibility of consecutive reelection. In 1949, the constitution was amended to allow the president to run for an unlimited number of six-year terms. This provision was repealed in 1957. After the 1966 military coup d'état, the regime shortened the presidential term to four years. However, political instability led to frequent turnovers in office. With
4089-469: The constitutional government were de facto military presidents in 1930–1932, 1943–1946, 1955–1958, 1966–1973 and 1976–1983 that brought in addition to the powers of the president also corresponding to Congress. The subsequent analysis of the validity of their actions led to the subsequent formulation of the doctrine of de facto governments. That doctrine was nullified by the constitutional reform of 1994, which added Article 36 (see below). Article 29 of
4176-455: The country in the 2010s. Milei's victory was celebrated by right-wing figures including Jair Bolsonaro , José Antonio Kast , Ted Cruz , and the Spanish conservative political party Vox . Polls had predicted that Massa would secure the most votes as a candidate in the primaries, with Juntos por el Cambio expected to be the most supported coalition overall; Milei polled at about 20 percent, and
4263-487: The deregulation, reform, and modernization of the Argentinian state. It is headed by Federico Sturzenegger . Monthly inflation has dropped precipitously from "25 percent to stabilize around 3.5 percent" as realized in price decreases across most goods and services with Milei as president. Additionally, the price of rent, a key figure in inflationary consumer price indexes has, "dropped by 40 percent in real terms, and
4350-609: The division of Economic Studies at Fundación Acordar, a national think tank. He is also a member of the B20 and a member of the Economic Policy Group of International Chamber of Commerce , an advisor to the G20 . For 15 years, he worked at the private company Corporación América as the chief economist and financial adviser to Eduardo Eurnekian . Milei is the author of several books, including El camino del libertario . He has
4437-494: The election of the first president, Bernardino Rivadavia . Because of the Cisplatine War , Rivadavia resigned after a short time, and the office was dissolved shortly thereafter. A civil war between unitarios (unitarians, i.e. Buenos Aires centralists) and federalists ensued in the following decades. At this time, there was no central authority, and the closest to that was the chairman of foreign relations, typically
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#17327906129754524-543: The electoral requirements. A modified two-round system , or ballotage , is used (Section 94). Unlike in most countries using a two-round system, presidential candidates in Argentina do not need to win a majority of the vote to win the presidency in a single round. To win the election in the first round, the winning candidate's party must receive either more than 45 percent of so-called "positive votes", or votos positivos (Section 97) or at least 40 percent of positive votes and be more than 10 percentage points ahead of
4611-422: The first months of 2024. As part of the measure, an estimated 5,000 public sector employees will be affected. An Argentine court halted the labor reforms that were part of the decree. The CGT also organized a general strike against the proposed policies involving tens of thousands of Argentine workers on a 12 hour strike which resulted in the cancellation of hundreds of flights. In a major foreign policy reversal,
4698-415: The first presidents of Argentina by different historians: Rivadavia for being the first one to use the title, Urquiza for being the first one to rule under the 1853 constitution, and Mitre for being the first president of Argentina under its current national limits. In 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976, military coups deposed elected presidents. In 1966 and 1976, the federal government was undertaken by
4785-466: The governor of the province of Buenos Aires. The last to bear this title was Juan Manuel de Rosas , who in the last years of his governorship was elected Supreme Chief of the Confederation , gaining effective rule of the rest of the country. In 1852, Rosas was deposed, and a constitutional convention was summoned. This constitution, still in force, established a national federal government, with
4872-429: The incumbent Economy Minister, Sergio Massa , in the second round of the 2023 presidential election on a platform that held the ideological dominance of Peronism responsible for the ongoing Argentine monetary crisis . Milei is known for his flamboyant personality, distinctive personal style, and strong media presence, including using his catchphrase " ¡Viva la libertad, carajo! ". He has been described politically as
4959-423: The last two presidencies, those of Mauricio Macri and Alberto Fernández. On 22 October, Milei advanced to the runoff, in which he faced Massa, in what polls showed to be a tight race. In the runoff on 19 November, Milei defeated Massa in a landslide, and in what was called a historic election. It was the highest percentage of the vote since Argentina's transition to democracy . Observers generally saw Milei's win as
5046-602: The measures are expected to "result in budgetary savings of around [6.4 million dollars] per year," the statement added. According to Reason magazine, "It will be replaced by a newly formed agency, the Agencia de Recaudación y Control Aduanero (ARCA), which will assume some of its functions." Argentina's dollar-denominated international bonds meanwhile reached new highs in March, with the 2029 and 2030 issues close to or at record high prices. The bonds have rallied from lows that took
5133-505: The money that the political caste stole." His monthly raffle for his salary has given away more than seven million pesos since his parliamentary election. As a national deputy, Milei had been present in the chamber 52 percent of the time as of April 2023. As of August 2023, he had not proposed any laws or joined any parliamentary commissions. One of his absences was particularly criticized by the Juntos por el Cambio opposition because it allowed
5220-487: The most influential people in Argentina. In 2020, he spoke in favor of protests against Alberto Fernández 's government. From 2020 to 2021, Milei was a member of Avanza Libertad (Advance, Freedom), a political party founded by José Luis Espert . During his campaign for the Argentine Chamber of Deputies , Milei focused on Buenos Aires neighborhoods, where he took strolls and had talks with ordinary people. He pledged not to support any tax increases or new taxes. He ran under
5307-659: The nation or from any province. The president's salary is $ 131,421 Argentine pesos per month. The Casa Rosada in Buenos Aires is the official workplace of the president and the Quinta de Olivos their official residence. The president is entitled to use its staff and facilities. It has a summer residence in the town of Chapadmalal , in Buenos Aires Province , which is called the Presidential Unit Chapadmalal. The Presidential Guard
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#17327906129755394-635: The national government to raise taxes on plane tickets by a single vote. In July 2023, Milei faced an investigation into alleged selling of candidacies within La Libertad Avanza. Businessman Juan Carlos Blumberg said that the coalition "made politics a business", which prompted Milei to deny that there were paid candidates. Milei was also accused of having been funded and supported by Peronism . Journalist Juan Luis González said that Milei "allowed himself to be financed by provincial governments, received technical, logistical, and monetary aid from
5481-409: The next most-voted candidate (Section 98). Positive votes are valid votes cast for any of the candidates, leaving out of the count blank and spoiled ballots. If no candidate obtains the necessary votes to win in the first round, then the two candidates with the most votes compete in the second round, held two weeks later, when the candidate with the most votes in that round is elected president. Under
5568-420: The number of ministries from 18 to 9, and appointed three secretariats with portfolio rank, including his sister to the position of general secretary of the presidency, after modifying the anti- Nepotism law prohibiting the appointment of family members. Milei signed Decree 70/2023 , deregulating the Argentine economy. It is subject to approval by Congress, which called for an extraordinary session to be held in
5655-553: The office of president. The term was fixed as six years, with no possibility of reelection. The first elected president under the constitution was Justo José de Urquiza , but Buenos Aires seceded from the Argentine Confederation as the State of Buenos Aires . Bartolomé Mitre was the first president of the unified country, when Buenos Aires rejoined the confederation. Thus, Rivadavia, Urquiza, and Mitre are considered
5742-589: The official Argentine Peso/US Dollar exchange rate more in line with international rates, decreasing the reported purchasing power of Argentinians, but also bringing economic activity from higher risk and priced black markets into official markets. In July 2024, Milei set up the Ministry of Deregulation and State Transformation to help the President and Chief of the Cabinet of Ministers in everything to do with
5829-461: The political scientist María Zaldívar. During the 2010s, Milei achieved significant notoriety and public exposure in debates featured on Argentine television programs characterized by insults to his rivals, foul language, and aggressive rhetoric when expressing and debating his ideals and beliefs, such as one with Buenos Aires chief of government Horacio Rodríguez Larreta . This led many commentators to label him antipolitical or disruptive. Ted Cruz ,
5916-437: The polls rose. In June 2023, the markets welcomed Sergio Massa 's presidential candidacy, as it polarized the election between the ruling party and Juntos por el Cambio , reducing what was called the "Milei factor". Notable moments in Milei's campaign included a viral video of him tearing cards from a wallboard with the names of ministries that he wants to abolish and tossing them into the air as he said afuera ("out"), wielding
6003-566: The private University of Belgrano and two master's degrees from the Instituto de Desarrollo Económico y Social [ es ] and the private Torcuato di Tella University . For over 20 years, Milei was a professor of macroeconomics, economics of growth, microeconomics, and mathematics for economists. He specializes in economic growth and has taught several economic subjects in Argentine universities and abroad. He had written more than 50 academic papers by 2016. By 2016, Milei had been
6090-449: The requirements, powers, and responsibilities of the president, the term of office and the method of election. The origins of Argentina as a nation can be traced to 1776, when it was separated by King Charles III of Spain from the existing Viceroyalty of Peru , creating the new Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata . The head of state continued to be the king, but he was represented locally by
6177-480: The restoration of democracy in 1983, the term was restored to six years. Prior to the 1994 constitutional reform, the president and vice president were required to be Roman Catholics. This stipulation was abolished in 1994. As of 2015, the president and vice president enjoy a salary paid by the national treasury, which can not be altered during the period of their appointment. During the same period, they may not hold any other office nor receive any other emolument from
6264-484: The right to a presidential pension after the conclusion of their terms. The status of earlier military presidents, however, remains more uncertain. The president of the nation has the following powers granted by Constitution (Article 99): Article 89 of the Constitution detail the requirements: Article 89. To be elected president or vice president of the Nation, it is necessary to have born in Argentine territory, or be
6351-485: The same month, Milei approved the transfer of two military Mi-171E helicopters to Ukraine, that were later received by Ukraine. On 18 April 2024, the Milei administration formally submitted a request to NATO to become a global partner . Starting 24 April 2024, there have been protests by students over the cutting of funds to universities by the Milei administration. During May 2024, various unions have striked against his government for his cuts on spending. According to
6438-483: The secondary school Cardenal Copello. At school, he was nicknamed el Loco ("The Crazy One") for his outbursts and aggressive rhetoric. In his late teens and early adulthood, Milei sang in the cover band Everest, which mostly played Rolling Stones covers. He also played goalkeeper for the Chacarita Juniors football team until 1989, when Argentina suffered a period of hyperinflation and he committed to
6525-453: The service in 1995 replacing the former T-01, a Boeing 707 . The aircraft was nicknamed Virgen de Luján after Argentina's patron saint . The Tango 01 was defunct in 2016 and eventually replaced in 2023 by a Boeing 757-200 in VIP design, designated ARG-01 . The current presidential fleet also includes two Fokker F28 (T-02 and T-03) (one always in service) and Learjet 60 (T-10). The Learjet
6612-518: The singer Daniela Mori. While raised Catholic , Milei has been critical of the Catholic Church under Pope Francis, and his disparaging comments about Francis attracted criticism from Catholics. Milei also reads the Torah daily and has visited the grave of Orthodox rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson . Before November 2023, Milei said he had contemplated converting to Judaism but that observing
6699-401: The size of the state". Milei is also well known for his phrase " ¡Viva la libertad, carajo! ", which is uttered most especially at the end of various speeches given by Milei. Milei is not married and said that, if elected president, he would have his sister take the role of First Lady of Argentina . In August 2023, Milei announced that he was dating actress Fátima Flórez . Previously, he dated
6786-556: The slogan "I didn't come here to lead lambs, but to awaken lions", denouncing what he saw as a political caste, which he said was composed of "useless, parasitic politicians who have never worked". He called politicians "rats", and said they form "a parasitic caste" that thinks only about getting rich. He used phrases like "I'm here to kick these criminals out", and was especially supported by youth; he promoted his political views on television, radio, and YouTube . Additionally, Milei reconciled with his parents. In July 2021, Milei established
6873-455: The son of a native citizen, having been born in a country foreign; and the other qualities required to be elected senator . Article 55. The requirements to be elected senator are: to be thirty years old, to have been a citizen of the Nation for six years, enjoy an annual income of two thousand pesos or an equivalent income, and be a native of the province that chooses it, or with two years of residence immediate in it. Sections 94 to 98 detail
6960-475: The supply of rental properties in Buenos Aires has increased by over 300 percent..." as a result of Milei abolishing all forms of rent control . Milei's stances have been described in many different ways. He has been variously described as right-wing libertarian , ultraconservative , far right , right-wing populist , and ultra-liberal . A philosophical anarcho-capitalist who is for practical purposes
7047-460: The supreme director the power of appointing governors of the provinces. Owing to political circumstances, this constitution never came into force, and the central power was dissolved, leaving the country as a federation of provinces. A new constitution was drafted in 1826. This constitution was the first to create a president, although this office retained the powers described in the 1816 constitution. This constitution did come into force, resulting in
7134-481: The third parliamentary force in the Argentine Congress. His rhetoric was attractive to under-30 voters born during the 1998–2002 Argentine great depression and facing the still ongoing economic stagnation . His supporters include those who once voted for Kirchnerism but would now vote for Milei as a protest even if they did not support his economic ideas. As inflation rose above 100 percent in May 2023, Milei's position in
7221-449: The vice president to exercise the duties of the president, both in the case of a temporary absence and in the case of a permanent absence for health reasons. In the absence of both the president and the vice president, the succession is regulated by the Law 20,972 ("Acephaly Law") . It provides that the executive power must be temporarily exercised (without assuming the title of president) by
7308-440: Was Jewish from matrilineal descent and his maternal grandfather had been a Rabbi shortly before his death. His parents, according to Milei, beat and verbally abused him, causing him to not speak to them for a decade; he regarded them as dead. He was supported by his maternal grandmother and his younger sister Karina , with whom he had a close bond, and whom he calls "the boss". Javier Milei attended Catholic schools , including
7395-480: Was a bus driver, who later became a successful businessman. His father is of Italian descent , while his mother is of Croatian descent . They are related to the Uruguayan television presenter Rodrigo Lussich [ es ] who said that their grandparents had migrated from Croatia to Argentina. Furthermore, Milei revealed in 2024 that his grandfather who was a great influence in his life, discovered that he
7482-441: Was accused of exerting gender violence, and a local court mandated a psychological examination. Family and Gender judge Carmelo Paz forbade him from participating in public gatherings as a panelist or lecturer within the boundaries of the city of Metan , under the threat of legal action. In 2018, he made his acting debut in his play El consultorio de Milei , with Claudio Rico and Diego Sucalesca. In 2019, Noticias named him one of
7569-467: Was seen as an outsider candidate. Initially, for the first round of the general election, with the possibility of a runoff in November, Peronists saw Milei as a possible ally who would divide the votes of the Juntos por el Cambio coalition. As a result of his strong performance in the primaries, Milei was considered the front-runner in the general election. His rise has been placed within the context of
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