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99-513: Concord Naval Weapons Station was a military base established in 1942 north of the city of Concord, California at the shore of the Sacramento River where it widens into Suisun Bay . The station functioned as a World War II armament storage depot , supplying ships at Port Chicago . During World War II it also had a Naval Outlying Field at the southern edge of the base. It ceased being an operating airfield after World War II. During

198-485: A Superfund cleanup site on December 16, 1994. 32 areas of the facility were identified as having been contaminated with heavy metals including zinc , copper , lead , cadmium , and arsenic , as well as semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) and organochloride pesticides. An area of great concern is the risk to the endangered salt marsh harvest mouse and the California clapper rail . Environmental remediation

297-635: A bedroom community for San Francisco and Oakland over the last forty years, but during the last decades, jobs within the city have increased. BevMo! is headquartered in Concord. Concord also has a strong retail sector including the Sunvalley Shopping Center , which used to be one of the 50 largest malls in the United States, auto dealerships , and Costco . According to the city's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,

396-470: A shellmound , now mostly leveled and covered up, along the shoreline of San Francisco Bay at the mouth of Strawberry Creek . Human remains and skeletons from Native American burials have been unearthed in West Berkeley and on campus alongside Strawberry Creek . Other artifacts were discovered in the 1950s in the downtown area during remodeling of a commercial building, near the upper course of

495-568: A campus in Concord. Concord High School won the 2010 Northern California Boys Division II Football Championship, coached by Brian Hamilton. Ygnacio Valley High School won the 1987 Northern California Boys Division I Basketball Championship, coached by Jim Grace. The Concord Library of the Contra Costa County Library is located in Concord. The library is adjacent to the Concord Civic Center. Concord

594-518: A collaboration with the State of California that culminated in 1868 with the creation of the public University of California . As construction began on the new site, more residences were constructed in the vicinity of the new campus. At the same time, a settlement of residences, saloons, and various industries grew around the wharf area called Ocean View . A horsecar ran from Temescal in Oakland to

693-459: A few enormous wheat ranches of over 5,000 acres (20 km ), and was almost a sea of wheat all the way to the marshes bordering Suisun Bay . During Prohibition , many vineyards were removed and replaced with walnut orchards. The town of Cowell , now incorporated into Concord, produced cement. The first Concord post office opened in 1872. The munitions on board a Navy cargo ship exploded while being loaded during World War II , resulting in

792-691: A halt. Facing rising housing costs, residents voted to enact rent control and vacancy control in 1980. Though more far-reaching in their effect than those of some of the other jurisdictions in California that chose to use rent control where they could, these policies were limited by the Costa-Hawkins Rental Housing Act , a statewide ban on rent control that came into effect in 1995 and limited rent control to multi-family units that were built (or technically buildings that were issued their original certificate of occupation) before

891-463: A maximum of 57.2 °F (14.0 °C) and a minimum of 41.6 °F (5.3 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 87.8 °F (31.0 °C) and a minimum of 58.2 °F (14.6 °C). There are an average of 45.0 days with highs of 90 °F (32.2 °C) or higher and 3.8 days with lows of 32 °F (0.0 °C) or lower. The highest recorded temperature was 113 °F (45.0 °C) on September 1, 2017. The lowest record temperature

990-576: A population of 122,067. The population density was 3,996.2 inhabitants per square mile (1,542.9/km ). The ethnic makeup of Concord was 78,767 (64.5%) White , 4,371 (3.6%) African American , 852 (0.7%) Native American , 13,538 (11.1%) Asian (4.4% Filipino, 2.4% Chinese, 1.3% Indian, 0.7% Vietnamese, 0.6% Japanese, 0.6% Korean), 816 (0.7%) Pacific Islander , 15,969 (13.1%) from other ethnicities , and 7,754 (6.4%) from two or more ethnicities. Hispanic or Latino of any ethnicity were 37,311 persons (30.6%). The Census reported that 121,020 people (99.1% of

1089-531: A sister city with Kitakami , Iwate , in Japan . The city established a small Japanese-style park in the city, and placed half of a sculpture, The Communion Bridge , in it. The matching half of the bridge is in Kitakami. Every five years, a delegation from Concord visits Kitakami and operates a student exchange program . Berkeley, California Berkeley ( / ˈ b ɜːr k l i / BURK -lee )

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1188-727: A small, though busy, wharf by the bay. In 1866, Oakland's private College of California looked for a new site. It settled on a location north of Oakland along the foot of the Contra Costa Range (later called the Berkeley Hills) on Strawberry Creek , at an elevation of about 500 feet (150 m) above the bay, commanding a view of the Bay Area and the Pacific Ocean through the Golden Gate . According to

1287-471: A statewide referendum that proposed moving the California state capital to Berkeley was defeated by a margin of about 33,000 votes. The city had named streets around the proposed capitol grounds for California counties. They bear those names today, a legacy of the failed referendum. On March 4, 1909, following public referendums, the citizens of Berkeley were granted a new charter by the State of California, and

1386-687: A third project developer in the past two years to take over the project. A more definitive and precautious plan is in the works, and Concord City Council is expected to approve recommended questions regarding the project by late April 2023. In October 2014, the Intelligent Transportation Society of America announced that the Concord NWS GoMentum Station proving grounds would be used to test self-driving cars. According to Contra Costa Transportation Authority (CCTA), "The public will not have access to

1485-524: A trespasser who shut off the cows' water supply. In 2019, 2,216 acres were transferred from Navy property to park. There are plans to transfer the remaining 324 acres, over 2,500 of the total park acreage will be permanently protected. There are further plans to connect the new park to Black Diamond Mines in Pittsburg using a tunnel originally built for cattle use. Concord, California Concord ( / ˈ k ɒ ŋ k ər d / KON -kerd )

1584-479: A vast stretch of land on the east shore of San Francisco Bay (the contra costa , "opposite shore") for a ranch, including that portion that now comprises the City of Berkeley. Luis Peralta named his holding " Rancho San Antonio ." The primary activity of the ranch was raising cattle for meat and hides, but hunting and farming were also pursued. Eventually, Peralta gave portions of the ranch to each of his four sons. What

1683-605: Is Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command's West Coast strategic ammunition port. MOTCO is the DOD's primary ammunition seaport supporting the Pacific area of operation. The 834th Transportation Battalion is the port manager at MOTCO and operates the three piers and an Army-owned rail system that connects with major public railway lines. This facility was also used by the Diablo Squadron and Training Ship Concord of

1782-422: Is a city on the eastern shore of San Francisco Bay in northern Alameda County , California , United States. It is named after the 18th-century Anglo-Irish bishop and philosopher George Berkeley . It borders the cities of Oakland and Emeryville to the south and the city of Albany and the unincorporated community of Kensington to the north. Its eastern border with Contra Costa County generally follows

1881-677: Is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area, and is 29 miles (47 kilometers) east of San Francisco . The United States Census Bureau defines an urban area in the East Bay which is separated from the San Francisco–Oakland urban area and with Concord as the principal city: the Concord– Walnut Creek , CA urban area had a population of 538,583 as of the 2020 census , making it

1980-417: Is also served by KKDV , a Walnut Creek-based rebroadcaster of country station KBAY . AM station KABN formerly operated from 1963 to 2004. Concord is served by television stations broadcasting primarily out of San Francisco, Sacramento, and San Jose. Over-the-air reception is difficult in many parts of the city due to hills on either side of the valley. The sole Concord-licensed television station, KTNC ,

2079-699: Is an owned-and-operated station of Tri-State Christian Television ; it had broadcast from the top of Mount Diablo . In 2017, the station's broadcast spectrum was sold in the FCC's spectrum incentive auction; the station now shares a signal with KCNS , KMTP-TV, and KEMO-TV on the Sutro Tower in San Francisco, maintaining its virtual channel 42. Concord is served by the Mount Diablo Unified School District (MDUSD). Among

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2178-618: Is now Berkeley lies mostly in the portion that went to Peralta's son Domingo , with a little in the portion that went to another son, Vicente. No artifact survives of the Domingo or Vicente ranches, but their names survive in Berkeley street names (Vicente, Domingo, and Peralta). However, legal title to all land in the City of Berkeley remains based on the original Peralta land grant. The Peraltas' Rancho San Antonio continued after Alta California passed from Spanish to Mexican sovereignty after

2277-553: Is subject to approval by the Navy. Until 1995, the city was the eastern terminus of the Concord line of Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) commuter train system; the line has since been extended eastward to Pittsburg/Bay Point in 1996 and Antioch in 2018. The County Connection provides limited public transportation in the city and to other points in the county. Buses run from the North Concord BART station to Martinez ,

2376-520: Is subject to approval by the Navy. The East Bay Regional Park District will be receiving 2,540 acres (1028 hectares) of the Inland Area that will be developed for public use as Concord Hills Regional Park. Formal conveyance of the property was expected in early 2016 whereupon the property will be prepared for public access and recreation. Since then 2,216 acres were transferred from Navy property to park. In addition "2,300 acres will be transferred to

2475-494: Is the home of the annual Concord Jazz Festival and was the home of the Concord Records jazz record label until it was bought in 1999. Jazz musician Dave Brubeck was born in Concord and in 2006 a park adjacent to Concord High School on Concord Boulevard was renamed in his honor. Concord is also home to the 21-time World Champion Blue Devils Drum and Bugle Corps . The corps is made up of talented musicians from around

2574-641: Is the most populous city in Contra Costa County , California , United States. According to an estimate completed by the United States Census Bureau, the city had a population of 129,295 in 2019, making it the eighth most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Founded in 1869 as Todos Santos by Don Salvio Pacheco II , a noted Californio ranchero, the name was later changed to Concord. The city

2673-491: Is the port manager at MOTCO and operates the three piers and an Army-owned rail system that connects with major public railway lines. The 5-member City Council of Concord, sitting as the federally designated Local Reuse Authority, is in the process of formulating a Reuse Plan for the Inland Area that includes residential and commercial development while reserving approximately two-thirds for open-space and parks projects. City staff are assigned to manage this effort. The Reuse Plan

2772-524: Is underway at the base with some sites having soil removed and others being capped to prevent spread of contaminants. In 2008, control of the site was changed. The Inland Area became a Detachment of the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach , pending ultimate closure. The Tidal Area was transferred to the U.S. Army Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) and is now known as Military Ocean Terminal Concord (MOTCO). MOTCO

2871-518: The 80th largest in the United States . The valleys north of Mount Diablo were inhabited by the Miwok people, who hunted elk and fished in the numerous streams flowing from the mountain into the San Francisco Bay . It is important to note Miwok and other indigenous people still live within city limits. In 1772, Spanish explorers began to cross the area but did not settle there. In 1834,

2970-733: The Berkeley Oak Grove Protest began protesting construction of a new sports center annex to Memorial Stadium at the expense of a grove of oak trees on the UC campus. The protest ended in September 2008 after a lengthy court process. In 2007–2008, Berkeley received media attention due to demonstrations against a Marine Corps recruiting office in downtown Berkeley and a series of controversial motions by Berkeley's city council regarding opposition to Marine recruiting. ( See Berkeley Marine Corps Recruiting Center controversy .) During

3069-691: The Centennial Record of the University of California , "In 1866, at Founders' Rock , a group of College of California men watched two ships standing out to sea through the Golden Gate. One of them, Frederick Billings , thought of the lines of the Anglo-Irish Anglican Bishop George Berkeley , 'westward the course of empire takes its way,' and suggested that the town and college site be named for

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3168-664: The Korean War , the Vietnam War and the Gulf War , Concord NWS processed and shipped thousands of tons of materiel out across the Pacific Ocean. The station consisted of two areas: the Inland Area (5,028 acres (2,035 ha)), which is within the Concord city limits, and the Tidal Area (7,630 acres (3,088 ha)). Because of changes in military operations, parts of the Inland Area began to be mothballed , and by 1999

3267-527: The Lesher family. Since the death of Dean Lesher in 1993, the paper has had several owners. The publisher also issues a weekly paper, the Concord Transcript for Concord and nearby Clayton . Concord is primarily served by radio stations from the San Francisco and Sacramento markets. The Clayton Valley Charter High School operates a student-run rock station licensed to Concord, KVHS . The city

3366-664: The Library of Congress website. Berkeley's slow growth ended abruptly with the Great San Francisco earthquake of 1906 . The town and other parts of the East Bay escaped serious damage, and thousands of refugees flowed across the Bay. Among them were most of San Francisco's painters and sculptors, who between 1907 and 1911 created one of the largest art colonies west of Chicago. Artist and critic Jennie V. Cannon described

3465-729: The Mexican War of Independence . However, the advent of U.S. sovereignty after the Mexican–American War , and especially, the Gold Rush , saw the Peraltas' lands quickly encroached on by squatters and diminished by dubious legal proceedings. The lands of the brothers Domingo and Vicente were quickly reduced to reservations close to their respective ranch homes. The rest of the land was surveyed and parceled out to various American claimants ( See Kellersberger's Map ). Politically,

3564-521: The Middle East . The station consists of two areas: the inland area (5,170 acres [2,092 hectares]) which is within the Concord city limits, and tidal area (7,630 acres [3,088 ha]). Because of changes in military operations, parts of the inland area began to be mothballed and by 1999, the CNWS had only a minimal contingent of military personnel. In 2007, the U.S. Federal Government announced that

3663-618: The Navy planned to build "tent cities" on the former station site, where up to 47,000 migrants would have been detained . The news was met by community protests, as well as opposition by the mayor of Concord, who deemed the Superfund site 'not suitable for public habitation' and Congressman Mark DeSaulnier , who called the proposal "madness". A few days later, the Congressman reported that two Department of Homeland Security sources confirmed

3762-552: The United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 30.5 square miles (79 km ), all of it land. The focal point of downtown Concord is Todos Santos Plaza, which encompasses an entire city block and is known for its farmers market , free summer concerts, and large number of surrounding restaurants. Much of the area immediately around downtown has recently been redeveloped, with new high-density apartment and condominium projects to take advantage of

3861-561: The United States Naval Sea Cadet Corps . In January 2023, the long-standing plan to use the space as an expansion of housing of Concord and neighboring cities fell short. The city of Concord parted ways with the project developer, Albert Seeno III, with fears of what exactly "affordable housing" entailed and how the land was going to be managed. However, in March 2023, Concord City Council is in talks to hire

3960-516: The Vietnam Day Committee . Berkeley is strongly identified with the rapid social changes, civic unrest, and political upheaval that characterized the mid-to-late 1960s. In that period, Berkeley—especially Telegraph Avenue —became a focal point for the hippie movement, which spilled over the Bay from San Francisco. Many hippies were apolitical drop-outs, rather than students, but in the heady atmosphere of Berkeley in 1967–1969 there

4059-402: The 1880s Berkeley had segregated housing and anti-Chinese laws. The area near the university became known for a time as East Berkeley. Due to the influence of the university, the modern age came quickly to Berkeley. Electric lights and the telephone were in use by 1888. Electric streetcars soon replaced the horsecar . A silent film of one of these early streetcars in Berkeley can be seen at

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4158-538: The Kabul Soccer Club is located in Concord. Matteo's Dream is an all-abilities playground in an urban park in Concord, named for Matteo Henderson, a boy with serious disabilities including blindness, cerebral palsy , and cognitive development. Persons with disabilities are able to drive their wheelchairs directly onto the structure. Features of the playground are specially engineered to accommodate people with various disabilities. In 1974, Concord became

4257-648: The MDUSD schools is Mt. Diablo High School , opened in 1901 and currently home to four academies, including the Digital Safari Academy, a three-year program involving the integration of multimedia with the core curriculum through integrated, project-based learning. Beyond MDUSD schools, Clayton Valley Charter High School is also home to several acclaimed academies. Catholic schools De La Salle High School for boys and Carondelet High School for girls are also located here. De La Salle's football team holds

4356-521: The Mexican land grant Rancho Monte del Diablo at the base of Mount Diablo was granted to Salvio Pacheco (for whom the nearby town of Pacheco is named). Concord was founded under the name of Todos Santos ("all saints"; a name still borne by the central city plaza and park between Willow Pass Road and Salvio Street), on the initiative of Pacheco in 1869. It achieved prominence in the 19th century, when most residents of Pacheco relocated to Concord to avoid

4455-955: The Police Department to avoid escalation of violence and to protect bystanders during protests. During a protest against bigotry and U.S. President Donald Trump in August 2017, self-described anti-fascist protesters attacked Trump supporters in attendance. Police intervened, arresting 14 people. Sometimes called " antifa ", these ‘anti-fascist’ activists were clad in black shirts and other black attire, while some carried shields and others had masks or bandanas hiding their faces to help them evade capture after street fighting. . These protests spanned February to September 2017 (See more at 2017 Berkeley Protests ). In 2019, protesters took up residence in People's Park against tree-chopping and were arrested by police in riot gear. Many activists saw this as

4554-522: The Town of Berkeley became the City of Berkeley. Rapid growth continued up to the Crash of 1929 . The Great Depression hit Berkeley hard, but not as hard as many other places in the U.S., thanks in part to the university. In 1916, Berkeley implemented single-family zoning as an effort to keep minorities out of white neighborhoods. This has been described as the first implementation of single-family zoning in

4653-434: The U.C. campus began to build up to the recognizable activism of the sixties. In the 1950s, McCarthyism induced the university to demand a loyalty oath from its professors, many of whom refused to sign the oath on the principle of freedom of thought. In 1960, a U.S. House committee ( HUAC ) came to San Francisco to investigate the influence of communists in the Bay Area. Their presence was met by protesters, including many from

4752-510: The U.S. record winning streak of 151 games, set between 1992 and 2004. During that span, De La Salle won 12 California North Coast sectional championships and was named national champion five different times (once by ESPN , four times by USA Today ). In August 2014, a Hollywood film titled When the Game Stands Tall was released with the plot line based on their 151-game winning streak. California State University, East Bay has

4851-657: The U.S. was started by the Ecology Center in 1973. Styrofoam was banned in 1988. As the city leaned more and more Democratic, local politics became divided between "Progressives" and "Moderates". 1984 saw the Progressives take the majority for the first time. Nancy Skinner became the first UC Berkeley student elected to City Council. In 1986, in reaction to the 1984 election, a ballot measure switched Berkeley from at-large to district-based elections for city council. In 1983, Berkeley's Domestic Partner Task Force

4950-478: The United States By 2021, nearly half of Berkeley's residential neighborhoods were still exclusively zoned for single-family homes. On September 17, 1923, a major fire swept down the hills toward the university campus and the downtown section. Around 640 structures burned before a late-afternoon sea breeze stopped its progress, allowing firefighters to put it out. The next big growth occurred with

5049-609: The University of California and a high-demand housing market, Berkeley was relatively unaffected by the Great Recession . State budget cuts caused the university to increase the number of out-of-state and international students, with international enrollment, mostly from Asia, rising from 2,785 in 2007 to 5,951 in 2016. Since then, more international restaurants have opened downtown and on Telegraph Avenue , including East Asian chains such as Ippudo and Daiso . A wave of downtown apartment construction began in 1998. In 2006,

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5148-415: The advent of World War II , when large numbers of people moved to the Bay Area to work in the many war industries, such as the immense Kaiser Shipyards in nearby Richmond . One who moved out, but played a big role in the outcome of the war, was U.C. professor and Berkeley resident J. Robert Oppenheimer . During the war, an Army base, Camp Ashby , was temporarily sited in Berkeley. The element berkelium

5247-425: The area that became Berkeley was initially part of a vast Contra Costa County . On March 25, 1853, Alameda County was created from a division of Contra Costa County, as well as from a small portion of Santa Clara County . The area that became Berkeley was then the northern part of the "Oakland Township" subdivision of Alameda County. During this period, "Berkeley" was mostly a mix of open land, farms, and ranches, with

5346-501: The base, while police and U.S. Marines looked on. Billy Nessen, a prominent Berkeley -based activist, was subsequently charged with organizing the track removal, and his trial resulted in a plea bargain that involved no jail time. Throughout 1987 and 1988 there was a sustained 24 hour vigil present at the tracks in Concord to protest U.S. support of the Nicaraguan Contras and El Salvadorian "Death Squads." Protesters sat on

5445-658: The city near the university and downtown. Increasing enrollment also led the university to wanting to redevelop certain places of Berkeley, especially Southside, but more specifically People's Park. Preservationists passed the Neighborhood Protection Ordinance in 1973 by ballot measure and the Landmarks Preservation Ordinance in 1974 by the City Council. Together, these ordinances brought most new construction to

5544-481: The city of Concord, whose Concord Community Reuse Project has been overseeing planning for housing, businesses, a college campus and other development.". In 1944, thousands of tons of munitions aboard a Navy cargo ship exploded while being loaded, resulting in the largest number of casualties among African Americans in any one incident during World War II. On the evening of July 17, a massive explosion instantly killed 320 sailors, merchant seamen and civilians working at

5643-524: The county seat. Main thoroughfares include Willow Pass Road, Concord Avenue, Concord Boulevard, Clayton Road, Monument Boulevard, Ygnacio Valley Road, Oak Grove Road and Treat Boulevard. The city is also served by Interstate 680 , and state highways 4 and 242 . Buchanan Field Airport is a public county-owned airfield in the City of Concord. It is served by JSX , and previously served by American Eagle , WestAir Commuter Airlines , Pacific Southwest Airlines (PSA) and later by PSA successor USAir with

5742-706: The creek. The first people of European descent (most of whom were of mixed race and born in America ) arrived with the De Anza Expedition in 1776. The De Anza Expedition led to establishment of the Spanish Presidio of San Francisco at the entrance to San Francisco Bay (the " Golden Gate )." Luis Peralta was among the soldiers at the Presidio. For his services to the King of Spain , he was granted

5841-449: The dangers of alcohol. On April 1, 1878, the people of Ocean View and the area around the university campus, together with local farmers, were granted incorporation by the State of California as the Town of Berkeley. The first elected trustees of the town were the slate of Denis Kearney 's anti-Chinese Workingman's Party , who were particularly favored in the working-class area of the former Ocean View, now called West Berkeley. During

5940-408: The devastation of fire and flood which crippled Pacheco's formerly booming economy. Concord was incorporated on February 5, 1905. The area around Concord in the surrounding Ygnacio and Clayton valleys was a large agricultural area. The crops grown included grapes, walnuts, almonds, wheat, hay, and even tomatoes. The area to the east (now the site of the Concord Naval Weapons Station) was the site of

6039-490: The eighteenth-century Anglo-Irish philosopher." The philosopher's name is pronounced BARK-lee , but the city's name, to accommodate American English , is pronounced BERK-lee . The College of California's College Homestead Association planned to raise funds for the new campus by selling off adjacent parcels of land. To this end, they laid out a plat and street grid that became the basis of Berkeley's modern street plan. Their plans fell far short of their desires, and they began

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6138-414: The end of the Vietnam War in 1975. While the 1960s were the heyday of liberal activism in Berkeley, it remains one of the most overwhelmingly Democratic cities in the United States. After the 1960s, Berkeley banned most new housing construction, in particular apartments. Increasing enrollment at the university led to replacement of older buildings by large apartment buildings, especially in older parts of

6237-485: The end, the park remained undeveloped, and remains so today. A spin-off, People's Park Annex , was established at the same time by activist citizens of Berkeley on a strip of land above the Bay Area Rapid Transit ("BART") underground construction along Hearst Avenue northwest of the U.C. campus. The land had also been intended for development, but was turned over to the city by BART and is now Ohlone Park . The era of large public protest in Berkeley waned considerably with

6336-505: The fall of 2010, the Berkeley Student Food Collective opened after many protests on the UC Berkeley campus due to the proposed opening of the fast food chain Panda Express . Students and community members worked together to open a collectively run grocery store right off of the UC Berkeley campus, where the community can buy local, seasonal, humane, and organic foods. The Berkeley Student Food Collective still operates at 2440 Bancroft Way. On September 18, 2012, Berkeley became what may be

6435-518: The feared tent cities would not be built. In the 1996 movie The Rock , the VX gas warheads are supposedly stolen from Concord Naval Weapons Station. The station was not used for filming. The MythBusters have been seen at the station several times testing myths involving fuel efficiency, among other projects. During the cold war, parts of Concord Naval Weapons Station land were intermittently used for cattle grazing. The land still functions in this capacity today. In 2016 ten cows were killed by

6534-406: The first city in the U.S. to officially proclaim a day recognizing bisexuals: September 23, which is known as Celebrate Bisexuality Day . On September 2, 2014, the city council approved a measure to provide free medical marijuana to low-income patients. The Measure D soda tax was approved by Berkeley voters on November 4, 2014, the first such tax in the United States. In the fall of 2011,

6633-444: The founding of the Berkeley Art Association and the rivalries of competing studios and art clubs. In 1904, the first hospitals in Berkeley were created: the Alta Bates Sanatorium (today Alta Bates Summit Medical Center) for women and children, founded by nurse Alta Bates on Walnut Street, and the Roosevelt Hospital (later Herrick Hospital ), founded by LeRoy Francis Herrick, on the corner of Dwight Way and Milvia Street. In 1908,

6732-474: The inland portion of the CNWS will be closed. The tidal area of the base is not scheduled for closure. The tidal area was transferred to the U.S. Army Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC) and is now known as Military Ocean Terminal Concord (MOTCO). The city is working on a reuse plan that may include developing the land while keeping a large portion for open-space and parks projects. The city has had many meetings on this subject and any plan for reuse

6831-472: The knee, among other injuries. The incident that caused Willson's injury were never prosecuted in criminal court, but a civil suit was filed and an out-of-court settlement was awarded. In the days afterward, thousands participated by protesting the actions of the train's crew and the munitions shipment, including Jesse Jackson and Joan Baez . During the demonstration, anti-war protesters dismantled several hundred feet of Navy railroad tracks located outside of

6930-508: The largest number of casualties among African Americans in any one incident during that war. On the evening of July 17, 1944, a massive explosion instantly killed 320 sailors, merchant seamen, and civilians working at the pier. The blast was felt 30 miles (48 km) away. A subsequent refusal by 258 black sailors to load any more ammunition was the beginning of the Navy's largest-ever mutiny trial, in which 50 men were found guilty. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall sat in on most of

7029-405: The latter two airlines operating nonstop jet service between the airfield and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The city of Concord is served by the daily newspaper the East Bay Times (formerly the Contra Costa Times ) published by Bay Area News Group-East Bay (part of the Media News Group , Denver, Colorado), with offices in Walnut Creek . The paper was originally run and owned by

7128-519: The mainline of the transcontinental railroad into Oakland was re-routed, putting the right-of-way along the bay shore through Ocean View. There was a strong prohibition movement in Berkeley at this time. In 1876, the state enacted the "mile limit law", which forbade sale or public consumption of alcohol within one mile (1.6 km) of the new University of California. Then, in 1899, Berkeley residents voted to make their city an alcohol-free zone. Scientists, scholars and religious leaders spoke vehemently of

7227-533: The nationwide Occupy Wall Street movement came to two Berkeley locations: on the campus of the University of California and as an encampment in Civic Center Park. During a Black Lives Matter protest on December 6, 2014, police use of tear gas and batons to clear protesters from Telegraph Avenue led to a riot and five consecutive days and nights of protests, marches, and freeway occupations in Berkeley and Oakland. Afterwards, changes were implemented by

7326-572: The north by the unincorporated community of Clyde . Although it shares no border with Concord, Martinez (the county seat ) is located almost immediately adjacent to Concord on the northwest. The North Concord BART station is also known as Martinez BART. Concord has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen Csb ), with warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Official data from the National Weather Service cooperative station in Concord shows average January temperatures are

7425-519: The pier. The blast was felt 30 miles away. A subsequent refusal by 258 black sailors to load any more ammunition was the beginning of the Navy's largest-ever mutiny trial in which 50 men were found guilty. Future Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall sat in on most of the proceedings and declared that he saw a prejudiced court. In 1982, at the height of U.S. intervention in the Central American Crisis , Concord Naval Weapons Station

7524-655: The population) lived in households, 512 (0.4%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 535 (0.4%) were institutionalized. There were 44,278 households, out of which 15,421 (34.8%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 21,725 (49.1%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 5,642 (12.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2,707 (6.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,952 (6.7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 512 (1.2%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 10,406 households (23.5%) were made up of individuals, and 3,625 (8.2%) had someone living alone who

7623-423: The proceedings and declared that he saw a prejudiced court. Concord is located at 37°58′41″N 122°01′52″W  /  37.97806°N 122.03111°W  / 37.97806; -122.03111 . It is 29 miles (47 km) northeast of San Francisco , 22 miles (35 km) northeast from Oakland , 65 miles (105 km) southwest of Sacramento , and 51 miles (82 km) north of San Jose . According to

7722-409: The proximity to public transportation and to the area surrounding the park. Despite this, some crime and homelessness remain issues in the downtown area. Concord is bordered on the west by Pleasant Hill and the unincorporated community of Pacheco , on the south by Walnut Creek , on the southeast by Clayton , on the northeast by Pittsburg and the unincorporated community of Bay Point , and on

7821-681: The rest of the nation, fueled by spillover from the San Francisco housing shortage and population growth. South and West Berkeley underwent gentrification , with some historically Black neighborhoods such as the Adeline Corridor seeing a 50% decline in Black / African American population from 1990 to 2010. In the 1990s, public television's Frontline documentary series featured race relations at Berkeley's only public high school, Berkeley High School . With an economy dominated by

7920-694: The ridge of the Berkeley Hills . The 2020 census recorded a population of 124,321. Berkeley is home to the oldest campus in the University of California , the University of California, Berkeley , and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , which is managed and operated by the university. It also has the Graduate Theological Union , one of the largest religious studies institutions in

8019-555: The state law came into effect in 1995. For cities such as Berkeley, where rent control was already in place, the law limited the use of rent control to units built before the local rent-control law was enacted, i.e. 1980. During the 1970s and 1980s, activists increased their power in local government. This era also saw major developments in Berkeley's environmental and food culture. Berkeley's last Republican mayor, Wallace J. S. Johnson , left office in 1971. Alice Waters opened Chez Panisse in 1971. The first curbside recycling program in

8118-481: The station had only a minimal contingent of military personnel and contained mainly empty ammunition storage bunkers, empty warehouses, and disused support structures. In 2007, the U.S. federal government announced that the Inland Area of the Naval station would be closed. The Tidal area of the base was not scheduled for closure and reorganized as Military Ocean Terminal Concord (MOTCO). The 834th Transportation Battalion

8217-473: The streets and projects to improve social service provision for this demographic, homelessness has continued to be a significant problem in Berkeley. A culture of anti-establishment and sociopolitical activism marked the 1960s. The San Francisco Bay Area became a hotspot for hippie counterculture , and Berkeley became a haven for nonconformists and anarchists from all over the United States. Most public discourse around homelessness in Berkeley at this time

8316-433: The test site, and the self-driving cars will be restricted to the test bed site. With 2,100 acres of testing area and 19.6 miles of paved roadway, the CNWS is currently the largest secure test bed site in the United States". Mercedes-Benz is reported to have licenses to test new driving technology, including smart infrastructure such as traffic signals that communicate with cars. On June 22, 2018, Time magazine reported

8415-516: The top employers in the city are: To the north of the city of Concord is the Concord Naval Weapons Station (CNWS), which was established in 1942. The station functioned as a World War II armament storage depot , supplying ships at Port Chicago . The CNWS supported war efforts during the Vietnam War and through the end of the Gulf War , processing and shipping out thousands of tons of material to Southeast Asia and

8514-402: The tracks and blocked trains carrying explosives bound for Central America on an almost daily basis. These arrests resulted in three different court trials in which one defendant was acquitted and 31 others had their cases thrown out/abandoned due to hung juries. Many more "arrests" resulted in dropped or no charges and varying lengths of jail stay (with no charges). The Concord NWS was listed as

8613-641: The university campus along what is now Telegraph Avenue . The first post office opened in 1872. By the 1870s, the Transcontinental Railroad reached its terminus in Oakland. In 1876, a branch line of the Central Pacific Railroad , the Berkeley Branch Railroad , was laid from a junction with the mainline called Shellmound (now a part of Emeryville) into what is now downtown Berkeley . That same year,

8712-458: The university preparing to develop the park. The city of Berkeley has historically been a central location for homeless communities in the Bay Area. Since the 1930s, the city of Berkeley has fostered a tradition of political activism. The city has been perceived as a hub for liberal thought and action and it has passed ordinances to oust homeless individuals from Berkeley on multiple occasions. Despite efforts to remove unhoused individuals from

8811-479: The university. Meanwhile, a number of U.C. students became active in the civil rights movement . Finally, in 1964, the university provoked a massive student protest by banning distribution of political literature on campus. This protest became the Free Speech Movement . As the Vietnam War rapidly escalated in the ensuing years, so did student activism at the university, particularly that organized by

8910-502: The world. Berkeley is considered one of the most socially progressive cities in the United States. The site of today's City of Berkeley was the territory of the Chochenyo/Huchiun Ohlone people when the first Europeans arrived. Evidence of their existence in the area include pits in rock formations, which they used to grind acorns. wildflower seeds, grass seeds, and many different foods, including squirrel fat, and

9009-495: The world. The Concord Blue Devils are the most decorated drum and bugle corps in the history of Drum Corps International . The Concord Pavilion , a 12,500-seat outdoor amphitheater designed by Frank Gehry , hosts concerts and community events, beginning with the Concord Jazz Festival in 1975. The Public-access television channel is operated through TelVue Virtual Television Networks . The headquarters of

9108-573: Was 24 °F (−4.4 °C) on December 23, 1998. Average annual precipitation is 23.91 in (607 mm), falling on an average of 71 days annually. The wettest year was 1995, with 46.62 inches (1,184 mm) and the driest year was 2007, with 10.57 inches (268.5 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 12.79 inches (324.9 mm) in December 2005, which included the 24-hour maximum rainfall of 3.95 inches (100 mm) on December 31. The 2010 United States Census reported that Concord had

9207-418: Was 37.0 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.0 males. There were 47,125 housing units at an average density of 1,542.8 per square mile (595.7 per square kilometer), of which 44,278 were occupied, of which 27,069 (61.1%) were owner-occupied, and 17,209 (38.9%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9%; the rental vacancy rate

9306-423: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73. There were 30,074 families (67.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.22. The population was spread out, with 28,000 people (22.9%) under the age of 18, 10,946 people (9.0%) aged 18 to 24, 35,834 people (29.4%) aged 25 to 44, 32,903 people (27.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 14,384 people (11.8%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

9405-773: Was 7.0%. 71,004 people (58.2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 50,016 people (41.0%) lived in rental housing units. In the California State Legislature , Concord is in the 7th Senate District , represented by Democrat Steve Glazer , and in the 15th Assembly District , represented by Democrat Tim Grayson . Federally, Concord is in California's 10th congressional district , represented by Democrat Mark DeSaulnier . In 2017, Concord had 65,061 registered voters with 31,759 (48.8%) registered as Democrats, 14,447 (22.2%) registered as Republicans, and 15,623 (24%) no party preference voters. Concord has been primarily

9504-550: Was considerable overlap between the hippie movement and the radical left. An iconic event in the Berkeley Sixties scene was a conflict over a parcel of university property south of the contiguous campus site that came to be called " People's Park ". The battle over the disposition of People's Park resulted in a month-long occupation of Berkeley by the National Guard on orders of then-Governor Ronald Reagan . In

9603-400: Was established, which in 1984 made policy recommendation to the school board, which passed domestic partner legislation. The legislation became a model for similar measures nationwide. In 1995, California's Costa–Hawkins Act ended vacancy control, allowing rents to increase when a tenant moved out. Despite a slow down in 2005–2007, median home prices and rents remain dramatically higher than

9702-475: Was synthesized utilizing the 60-inch (1.5 m) cyclotron at UC Berkeley, and named in 1949, in recognition of the university, thus placing the city's name in the list of elements. During the 1940s, many African Americans migrated to Berkeley. In 1950, the Census Bureau reported Berkeley's population as 11.7% black and 84.6% white. The postwar years brought moderate growth to the city, as events on

9801-417: Was the site of daily anti-war protests against the shipment of weapons to Central America , including white phosphorus . On September 1, 1987, the U.S. Air Force veteran and peace activist Brian Willson was run over by a Navy munitions train while attempting to stop the train by sitting on the railroad tracks outside the compound gates. He suffered a fractured skull and the amputation of both his legs below

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