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38-581: The 11.00-mile-long (17.70 km) southern section of SR 501 and the Erwin O. Rieger Memorial Highway begins as the four-lane Mill Plain Boulevard at a diamond interchange with I-5 in Downtown Vancouver . The highway travels west through Downtown Vancouver and splits into a one-way pair on Mill Plain Boulevard and 15th Street before rejoining as Mill Plain Boulevard. SR 501 crosses

76-864: A BNSF rail yard and enters the Port of Vancouver , becoming the Lower River Road and narrowing to a two-lane highway on the south side of Vancouver Lake . The highway follows the Columbia and Lake rivers north past the Shillapoo Wildlife Recreation Area , ending south of Post Office Lake in the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge . Every year, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) conducts

114-408: A controlled-access highway crosses a minor road. The freeway itself is grade-separated from the minor road, one crossing the other over a bridge . Approaching the interchange from either direction, an off-ramp diverges only slightly from the freeway and runs directly across the minor road, becoming an on-ramp that returns to the freeway in similar fashion. The two places where the ramps meet

152-417: A dogbone interchange (due to its aerial resemblance to a real or toy dog bone ), and sometimes also called a double roundabout interchange , occurs when the roundabouts do not form a complete circle but instead have a " raindrop " or " teardrop " shape. These two raindrop roundabouts are fused together, forming a single "squashed" roundabout. This configuration reduces conflicts between vehicles entering

190-493: A tight urban diamond interchange ( TUDI ), is sometimes used in areas where there is insufficient right-of-way for a standard diamond interchange. The pair of intersections where the ramps meet the minor road are closely spaced. This spacing forces the turn lanes for each direction to run beside each other, causing the minor road to be wider than it would be if it were a standard diamond. Caltrans classifies this type as Type L-1. A single-point urban interchange ( SPUI )

228-582: A 4.2 miles (6.8 km) auto tour route and the 1.2 miles (1.9 km) Kiwa Hiking Trail, a seasonal trail. A small path, open for the entire year, leads to a bird hide . Stately sandhill cranes , shorebirds , Tundra swan , and a great variety of songbirds stop at the refuge during spring and fall migrations . Some bird species such as mallards , Canada geese , great blue herons , mud hens , pheasant , mourning doves , ruffed grouse , barn owl , great horned owl , bald eagles , ospreys and red-tailed hawks are year-round residents that nest on

266-448: A diamond interchange with I-5. Every year, WSDOT conducts a series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of AADT, which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of the northern section was the I-5 interchange, serving 11,000 vehicles, while the least busiest section

304-547: A modified diamond interchange, where traffic merges onto NY-252 at signalized intersections without any merge lanes, as well as Texas U-turns and RIROs on the ramps. Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge and is overseen by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service . The refuge borders the Columbia River and is located west of

342-484: A series of surveys on its highways in the state to measure traffic volume. This is expressed in terms of annual average daily traffic (AADT), which is a measure of traffic volume for any average day of the year. In 2011, WSDOT calculated that the busiest section of SR 501 overall was west of I-5 at C Street, serving 13,000 vehicles, while the least busiest section of SR 501 overall was south of Shillapoo Wildlife Recreation Area, serving 650 vehicles. Between I-5 and

380-787: A state of imminent collapse caused during high water flow on the Columbia River that year. Ridgefield NWR is part of the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge Complex , headquartered in Ridgefield, Washington , which oversees the management of four refuges in the southwestern part of the state: Ridgefield, and three refuges in the Columbia River Gorge : Franz Lake , Pierce , and Steigerwald Lake . The headquarters were closed in spring of 2019 to cut down Douglas fir and change

418-402: Is built with a large over- or clear underpass providing space for a single traffic signal controlled intersection with the ramps and the cross street . Caltrans classifies this type as Type L-13. A contraflow left interchange ( CFL ) is a modified TUDI, once installed at Lyons Road underneath Florida State Road 869 , switching the left turn lanes on the cross street each other and bringing

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456-697: Is found on the Pat Bay Highway in North Saanich , British Columbia, near Victoria International Airport . One or both roundabouts in the dumbbell interchange may also contain side lanes to increase the capacity. A good example of such a "turbo" dumbbell interchange, which was formerly a half cloverleaf, can be seen in Jülich , Germany at 50°54′51″N 6°19′24″E  /  50.914055°N 6.323368°E  / 50.914055; 6.323368 . There are interchanges similar to dumbbells in which

494-511: Is organized into several units. The conservation of the natural Columbia River floodplain is the management objective of the Carty Unit, which contains a 2 miles (3.2 km) self-guided hiking trail, and the Roth and Ridgeport Dairy units. The River 'S' and Bachelor Island units are managed to maximize habitat for waterfowl and other wetland wildlife. The River 'S' Unit is accessible by

532-457: Is the split intersection . The ramp intersections may also be configured as a pair of roundabouts to create a type of diamond interchange often called a dumbbell interchange (due to its aerial resemblance to a dumbbell ), and sometimes called a double roundabout interchange . Because roundabouts can generally handle traffic with fewer approach lanes than other intersection types, interchange construction costs can be reduced by eliminating

570-406: The cloverleaf . Thus, diamond interchanges are most effective in areas where traffic is light and a more expensive interchange type is not needed. But where traffic volumes are higher, the two intersections within the interchange often feature additional traffic control measures such as traffic lights and extra lanes dedicated to turning traffic. The at-grade variant of the diamond interchange

608-623: The dusky Canada goose whose nesting areas in Alaska were severely impacted by the violent earthquake of 1964. A three-year relocation effort to move approximately 50 Columbian white-tailed deer by helicopter to the refuge from the Julia Butler Hansen Refuge for the Columbian White-Tailed Deer occurred beginning in 2012 after the species was considered to be in danger after a dike was found to be in

646-821: The Port of Vancouver, SR 501 is designated as part of WSDOT's Highway of Statewide Significance, which include interstate highways and other principal arterials that are needed to connect major communities in the state of Washington . The 2.97-mile-long (4.78 km) northern section of SR 501 within Ridgefield begins as Pioneer Street at an intersection with Main Avenue at the Ridgefield City Hall. The highway travels east through Downtown Ridgefield, passing View Ridge Middle School , before crossing over Gee Creek. SR 501 continues east through two roundabouts, at 45th Avenue and 56th Place, before ending at

684-463: The Texas U-turn lanes. A split diamond interchange has its ramps "split" between two crossroads, typically with an exit ramp/entrance ramp pair serving each of the crossroads. The crossroads themselves may be one-way or two-way, and are most often connected by frontage roads, usually one-way. Where HOV lanes are present for carpooling , the ramps of a diamond interchange may be folded to

722-454: The border of the suburbs of Waikiki and Warnbro in the City of Rockingham , Western Australia (at 32°19′29″S 115°46′01″E  /  32.32486°S 115.76704°E  / -32.32486; 115.76704 ). A tennis ball interchange resembles a dogbone interchange, with the difference being that right turning movements (in a country where traffic drives on the left ) cut through

760-546: The city of Ridgefield, Washington . The wildlife haven is split by Lake River . The refuge, which provides a year-round habitat and a migration stop for a variety of bird species, protects more than 5,200 acres (2,100 ha) of marshes , grasslands , and woodlands The refuge was established (along with 3 other refuges in the Willamette Valley of Oregon ) in 1965, in response to a need to establish vital winter habitat for wintering waterfowl with an emphasis on

798-468: The freeway to save the third traffic signal phase. In a three-level diamond interchange , the cross street is built in a third level with free flowing traffic as a second arterial road . The intersection is split up into four intersections, handling just two conflicting directions each. Its two-level variant is the split diamond interchange. Its at-grade variant is the town center intersection (TCI). A single-leg continuous-flow intersection (CFI)

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836-406: The highway between the Ridgefield National Wildlife Refuge and the city of Ridgefield has never been constructed and remains as a physical gap in the state highway system. The interchange between I-5 and SR 501 east of Ridgefield was rebuilt by WSDOT between 2010 and 2012, adding roundabouts at intersections west and east of the interchange as well. On July 14, 2015, WSDOT permanently closed

874-502: The inside lanes instead of the outside. In urban areas this saves some space as well as requiring only one intersection instead of the two one-way intersections, which in rural or suburban areas can be turned into a single-point urban interchange . This in turn reduces waiting time for motorists at traffic lights on the smaller road, which may be a large local thoroughfare with heavy traffic. In Henrietta, New York , Jefferson Road ( NY-252 ) crosses West Henrietta Road ( NY-15 ) on

912-403: The long left turn phases from the single-point urban interchange to the tight urban diamond interchange at 26°18′04″N 80°11′11″W  /  26.301177°N 80.186479°W  / 26.301177; -80.186479 . In a diverging diamond interchange ( DDI ) or ( DCD ), the two directions of traffic on the non-freeway road cross to the opposite side on both sides of the bridge at

950-1009: The need for a wider bridge. This configuration allows other roads to form approach legs to the roundabouts and also allows easy U-turns . This type of interchange is common in the United Kingdom and Ireland , and is becoming increasingly common in the United States . Examples of dumbbell interchanges in the United States are located on Interstate 35 in Medford , Minnesota, on Interstate 87 in Malta , New York, on Interstate 17 at Happy Valley Road north of Phoenix , Arizona, and on Interstate 80 at California State Route 89 (exit 185) in Truckee , California. An example in Canada

988-658: The new US 31 freeway under construction in northern Indiana. There are some hybrid interchanges of dumbbell and dogbone having one raindrop and one full roundabout. This is made when the roundabout intersects more roads than the cross street and ramps. Some examples are at exit 38 of the N7 road in Groningen , Netherlands (at 53°12′53″N 6°36′09″E  /  53.21462°N 6.602509°E  / 53.21462; 6.602509 ); and Ennis Avenue ( National Route 1 ) at Safety Bay Road ( State Route 18 / Tourist Drive 202 ) on

1026-493: The northern 1 + 1 ⁄ 3 -mile-long (2.1 km) of SR 501's southern section due to the Columbia River reclaiming the highway. That part of the highway was relinquished to Clark County in 2016. Eventually, that section was vacated to surrounding property owners. The entire highway is in Clark County . Diamond interchange A diamond interchange is a common type of road junction , used where

1064-689: The raindrop roundabouts from the ramps, reducing queueing and delays, compared with the dumbbell interchange. Direct U-turns are not possible, although the movement can be made by circulating around both raindrop roundabouts. An example of a dogbone interchange in the United States is located on Interstate 70 in Avon, Colorado , United States; more compact examples, which show less of the characteristic "dog bone" shape, are located along Keystone Parkway in Carmel, Indiana , United States. Several interchanges similar to those along Keystone Parkway are being built along

1102-470: The ramps do not meet the roundabouts at intersections; these more closely resemble bowtie intersections. One such interchange exists at the junction between the Ruta Interbalnearia and Route 35 North near La Floresta , Uruguay ( 34°44′58″S 55°40′39″W  /  34.7495°S 55.6775°W  / -34.7495; -55.6775 ). A variation of the dumbbell interchange, often called

1140-404: The refuge. Black-tailed deer and cougars are the largest mammals on the refuge. Smaller mammal species such as coyote , red fox , raccoon , skunk , porcupine , bobcat , beaver , mink , river otter , muskrat , badger and brush rabbits are occasionally seen. The 2012 relocation efforts of endangered Columbian white-tailed deer to the refuge is considered a part of the doubling of

1178-478: The remainder never left the design phase. SSH 1T became SR 501 during the 1964 highway renumbering and codified as such in 1970, being designated as the Erwin O. Rieger Memorial Highway in 1991. In the late 1990s, Mill Plain Boulevard was extended west from downtown Vancouver to the industrial area west of the railyard to serve the Port of Vancouver. The $ 35 million project was dedicated on September 30, 2000, and incorporated into SR 501. The section of

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1216-448: The road are treated as conventional intersections . In the United States , where this form of interchange is very common, particularly in rural areas, traffic on the off-ramp typically faces a stop sign at the minor road, while traffic turning onto the freeway is unrestricted. The diamond interchange uses less space than most types of freeway interchange, and avoids the interweaving traffic flows that occur in interchanges such as

1254-471: The roundabouts like a regular diamond interchange instead of going around the roundabout. Such a design is found in Perth , Western Australia, between Roe Highway ( State Route 3 ) and Berkshire Road (at 31°58′10″S 116°00′04″E  /  31.96945°S 116.00107°E  / -31.96945; 116.00107 ). A tight diamond interchange ( TDI ), also known as a compressed diamond interchange or

1292-494: The specie population to over 900 in the Lower Columbia River basin by 2015. This increase led the deer to be recommended to be reclassified as threatened . The deer often stray beyond the refuge boundaries, recorded as swimming to Sauvie Island in the Columbia River. The River 'S' Unit, in 2023, recorded 239 different bird species, ranking the refuge as 15th in the state for avian diversity. The Carty Unit of

1330-448: The trail. In the fall of 2020, the construction of a new multi-purpose building began. The new multi-purpose building will be a construction type V-B and consist of a 4,415 square foot single story building with an associated balcony and basement area. The building is being constructed to provide the fish and wildlife staff office space, meeting space, and an area for public visitors including volunteers and conservation partners. The refuge

1368-542: Was built in 2014 in San Marcos , Texas, at the intersection of Aquarena Springs Drive ( Loop 82 ), Interstate 35 's southbound frontage road and I-35's southbound-to-northbound Texas U-turn . A two-leg CFI, also in San Marcos, was built in 2015 at the intersection of Hopkins Street ( State Highway 80 ), I-35's frontage roads and I-35's Texas U-turns. In both intersections, the displaced left turn lanes merge with

1406-463: Was extended into Vancouver in the 1950s and re-aligned in 1963 to serve the Port of Vancouver , traveling along the Columbia River to Ridgefield west of Vancouver Lake onto a roadway that was to be constructed. The state highway commission realigned the highway onto a pair of one-way streets within Vancouver in late 1968. The first section of the Columbia River segment was completed in 1969, but

1444-615: Was the intersection with Main Street in Downtown Ridgefield, serving 3,200 vehicles. SSH 1T was created in 1937 during the formation of the primary and secondary state highways , traveling on a 18.86-mile-long (30.35 km) route north from Primary State Highway 1 (PSH 1) and U.S. Route 99 (US 99) in Vancouver through Felida and Ridgefield to PSH 1 and US 99 at Pioneer. The highway

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