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47-705: The Milwaukee Does were an American professional basketball team that played in the Women's Professional Basketball League . Based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin , their name was a play on that of the NBA Milwaukee Bucks . The Does played in the first two of the WPBL's three seasons, 1978–1979 and 1979–1980, before disbanding. The team played its home games at the Milwaukee Arena and were coached for part of

94-523: A Slavic language -speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a self-proclaimed communist country until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin before he was succeeded by Juan Antonio Samaranch , a Spaniard, shortly afterward. Eighty nations were represented at

141-630: A collegiate star at Delta State University , was selected by the Houston team, but was reluctant to commit to playing after hearing the $ 3,000 to $ 5,000 salaries estimated by the Minnesota franchise. With its last pick in the draft, the Cornets selected Uljana Semjonova , a 6-foot-11-inch player for the Soviet Union women's national basketball team who would be inducted as an inaugural member of

188-765: A committee of the Australian Senate claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner...who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games". A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring its ratio to epitestosterone in urine . Twenty percent of

235-589: A place of honor in the Smithsonian Institution , as surmised by the Chicago Tribune . Milwaukee had trailed for most of the game, behind 13 points one minute into the fourth quarter, but defensive pressure by the Does led to a series of turnovers and Milwaukee tied the score at 81 with 5:28 left in the game. The Hustle's offense heated up in the last few minutes and held on for a 92–87 win in

282-607: A proclamation likening this first game to the first professional football game, played in Latrobe, Pennsylvania , and the first pro baseball game, played in Cincinnati . The Does had a crowd of 7,824 at the game, which saw the hometown team lose to Chicago 92–87, with Debra Waddy Rossow scoring 30 points to lead the Hustle. The league was divided into two divisions, with Chicago, Milwaukee, Iowa and Minnesota Fillies playing in

329-428: A proclamation likening this first game to the first professional football game, played in Latrobe, Pennsylvania , and the first pro baseball game, played in Cincinnati . The opening tip off was between Lynda Gehrke of Milwaukee and Sue Digitale of Chicago, who won the toss. Joanne Smith scored the league's first basket on a perimeter jump shot and an assist from Brenda Dennis , with the game ball presumably earning

376-619: The Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : Игры XXII Олимпиады , romanized :  Igry XXII Olimpiady ) and officially branded as Moscow 1980 (Russian: Москва 1980 ), were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow , Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The games were the first to be staged in an Eastern Bloc country, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in

423-602: The Minnesota Fillies , one of only three teams to play in all three seasons that the league was in existence, walked off the court before the starting lineups were announced in a game against the Chicago Hustle in a protest over unpaid salaries. Referees and team coach Terry Kunze tried to cajole the players back onto the court to play their game, but were unsuccessful. The team, which had been averaging 1,000 to 1,500 in attendance per game, were suspended from

470-706: The New York Stars led the East with 19 points and 16 rebounds, while Chicago Hustle players Debra Waddy Rossow with 26 points and Rita Easterling with 19 points led the Midwest. Easterling, who also had 18 assists, was named the game's most valuable player. Behind 36 points by Paula Mayo , the Houston Angels defeated the Iowa Cornets on May 2, 1979, to take the league's first championship, 111–104 in

517-536: The Women's Basketball Hall of Fame in the class of 1999, but would never play a game in the WBL. The New Jersey Gems selected Carol Blazejowski from Montclair State College , but she announced while on tour in Bulgaria with the U.S. national women's team through her coach Maureen Wendelken that she had no intention of playing professionally and that her goal was to retain her amateur standing to be able to play for

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564-550: The 1979–1980 season by Larry Costello , who had coached the Bucks from their inception, including an NBA championship in 1971. The league played its first game on December 9, 1978, between the hometown Does and the Chicago Hustle at the Milwaukee Arena, with the league's inaugural game attracting four minutes of coverage in the previous night's CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite . Milwaukee mayor Henry Maier issued

611-522: The 1979–80 season, the Does finished with a record of 11 wins and 24 losses. Their coach for the 1979–80 season was Larry Costello, who had been the coach of the Milwaukee Bucks for eight seasons, starting in April 1968, and had coached the team to four division titles and an NBA championship in the 1970–71 season. Saying that he hadn't been paid any of his $ 45,000 salary since December, Costello left

658-623: The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals, with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 203 available golds. The only two cities to bid for the 1980 Summer Olympics were Moscow and Los Angeles. The choice between them was made at the 75th IOC Session in Vienna, Austria on 23 October 1974. Los Angeles would eventually host the 1984 Summer Olympics . Eighty nations were represented at

705-615: The 5000 m and 10,000 m. Major broadcasters of the 1980 Games were USSR State TV and Radio (1,370 accreditation cards), Eurovision (31 countries, 818 cards) and Intervision (11 countries, 342 cards). TV Asahi with 68 cards provided coverage for Japan, while OTI , representing Latin America, received 59 cards, and the Seven Network provided coverage for Australia (48 cards). NBC , which had intended to be another major broadcaster, canceled its coverage in response to

752-518: The Games. The cost for Moscow 1980 compares with costs of US$ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016 (projected), US$ 40–44 billion for Beijing 2008 and US$ 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is US$ 5.2 billion. Because of the U.S. boycott, changes were made to the traditional elements of the closing ceremony that represent the handover to

799-685: The Moscow Games, the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States, 66 countries boycotted the games entirely, because of the Soviet–Afghan War . Several alternative events were held outside of the Soviet Union. Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries (not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union later boycotted

846-618: The Moscow Olympics, the smallest number since 1956 . Of the eighty participating nations, seven National Olympic Committees made their first appearance at these Games: Angola , Botswana , Cyprus , Jordan , Laos , Mozambique and Seychelles . It was also the first time Vietnam participated after the end of the Vietnam War and the Reunification of Vietnam. None of these nations won a medal. 29 countries boycotted

893-755: The New Jersey Gems, New Orleans Pride, New York Stars, Philadelphia Fox, St. Louis Streak and Washington Metros. The Midwest Division included the Chicago Hustle, Iowa Cornets, Milwaukee Does and Minnesota Fillies. The Western Division included the California Dreams, Dallas Diamonds, Houston Angels and San Francisco Pioneers. On January 30, 1980, the West defeated the East, 115–112, in the 1980 WBL All-Star Game . On April 9, 1980, despite Iowa's league-leading scorer Molly Bolin 's 36 points,

940-589: The New York Stars held on to win game four of the finals 125–114, behind 27 points by Pearl Moore and 22 by Janice Thomas . Stars coach Dean Meminger called the game the "culmination of a year of hard work". In what proved to be a harbinger of things to come, however, the Stars asked to go on a two-year hiatus not long after winning the title. In a game scheduled in Chicago on March 21, 1981, players of

987-673: The U.S. at the 1980 Summer Olympics . Molly Bolin , who grew up in Moravia, Iowa , became the first player signed by any team in the WBL when she was signed by the Iowa Cornets . The league played its first game on December 9, 1978, between the Chicago Hustle and the Milwaukee Does at the Milwaukee Arena , with the league's inaugural game attracting four minutes of coverage in the previous night's CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite . Milwaukee mayor Henry Maier issued

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1034-561: The U.S. boycott of the 1980 Games, and became a minor broadcaster with 56 accreditation cards, although they did air highlights and recaps of the Games on a regular basis. ABC aired scenes of the opening ceremony during its Nightline program, and promised highlights each night, but later announced that they could not air any highlights as NBC still had exclusive broadcast rights in the US. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) almost canceled their plans for coverage after Canada took part in

1081-493: The U.S. would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from Afghanistan within one month. 66 countries and regions invited did not participate in the 1980 Olympics. Many of these followed the United States' boycott initiative, while others cited economic reasons for not participating. Iran , under Ayatollah Khomeini hostile to both superpowers, boycotted when the Islamic Conference condemned

1128-543: The WPBL by commissioner Sherwin Fischer , who called the walkout as "very detrimental to the league". On February 7, 1981, Nebraska Wranglers player Connie Kunzmann was reported missing and was later pronounced dead. Police arrested Lance Tibke, who later pleaded guilty to her second degree murder . The Nebraska Wranglers won the league's 1980–81 title, defeating the Dallas Diamonds three games to two. In

1175-547: The Western Division, while the Dayton Rockettes , Houston Angels , New Jersey Gems and New York Stars were in the East. The eight initial teams paid $ 50,000 for their franchise, while the four teams to be added for the 1979–80 season were expected to pay $ 100,000, and $ 250,000 per team for each of four more teams in the following season. The league was able to arrange an All-Star game in 1979 , which

1222-673: The boycott, and was represented by nine cards. The television center used 20 television channels, compared to 16 for the Montreal Games, 12 for the Munich Games , and seven for the Mexico City Games . This was also the first time North Korea was watching, as KCTV (Korea Central Television) broadcast it as their first satellite program. A series of commemorative coins was released in the USSR in 1977–1980 to commemorate

1269-643: The competitions and world records were beaten 97 times. Though no athletes were caught doping at the 1980 Summer Olympics, it has been revealed that athletes had begun using testosterone and other drugs for which tests had not been yet developed. According to British journalist Andrew Jennings , a KGB colonel stated that the agency's officers had posed as anti-doping authorities from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to undermine doping tests and that Soviet athletes were "rescued with [these] tremendous efforts". A 1989 report by

1316-697: The event. It consisted of five platinum coins , six gold coins , 28 silver coins and six copper-nickel coins. According to the Official Report, submitted to the IOC by the NOC of the USSR , total expenditures for the preparations for and staging of the 1980 Games were US$ 1,350,000,000, total revenues being US$ 231,000,000. To obtain additional funds for the competition, the Organizing Committee organized Olympic lotteries. The proceeds from

1363-552: The fifth and final game, Rosie Walker led the victors with 39 points, while the Wranglers' defense held Nancy Lieberman of Dallas to 12 points, less than half of her season average. Bill Byrne had founded the league hoping that the 1980 Summer Olympics would showcase the game's stars and bring media and public attention to women's basketball , but the United States-led boycott of the Moscow games only added to

1410-604: The final game of a best three-out-of-five competition. The league made it through its first season with all eight teams in operation, though the Dayton Rockettes had been taken over by the league in February 1979 and was to be relocated to either Indianapolis or Los Angeles . New franchises had been awarded to Dallas , New Orleans , San Francisco and St. Louis , while applications were received for potential franchises from Baltimore , Boston , Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. The Eastern Division included

1457-442: The flags of their respective National Olympic Committees . Some of these teams that marched under flags other than their national flags were depleted by boycotts by individual athletes, while some athletes did not participate in the march. The boycott impacted the competitiveness of swimming, track and field, boxing, basketball, diving, field hockey and equestrian sports. Whilst competitors from 36 countries became Olympic medalists,

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1504-512: The following 21 sports: This is a list of all nations that won medals at the 1980 Games.   *    Host nation (Host nation (Soviet Union)) In the following list, the number in parentheses indicates the number of athletes from each nation that competed in Moscow. Nations in italics competed under the Olympic flag (or, in the cases of New Zealand, Portugal and Spain, under

1551-402: The great majority of the medals were taken by the Soviet Union and East Germany in what was the most skewed medal tally since 1904 . There were 203 events – more than at any previous Olympics. 36 world records, 39 European records and 74 Olympic records were set at the games. In total, this was more records than were set at Montreal. New Olympic records were set 241 times over the course of

1598-424: The host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging

1645-582: The host city of the next Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Among them, the flag of the city of Los Angeles instead of the United States flag was raised, and the Olympic Anthem instead of the national anthem of the United States was played. There was also no "Antwerp Ceremony", where the ceremonial Olympic flag was transferred from the Mayor of Moscow to the Mayor of Los Angeles; instead the flag

1692-733: The invasion. Neither the People's Republic of China nor Taiwan (Republic of China) participated in the games, the former as a consequence of the Sino-Soviet split . Many of the boycotting nations participated instead in the Liberty Bell Classic , also known as the "Olympic Boycott Games", in Philadelphia . Those that competed had won 71 percent of all medals and gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. This

1739-411: The league planned to play a 34-game season with teams in Chicago , Houston , Iowa , Milwaukee , Minneapolis , New Jersey , New York City and Washington, D.C. Houston drafted Ann Meyers from UCLA , while New Jersey's top choice Carol Blazejowski of Montclair State College said that she wanted to retain her amateur standing to be eligible to play in the 1980 Summer Olympics . Lusia Harris ,

1786-560: The league's first game. Kathy DeBoer and Joanne Smith led the Does with 22 points each, though Debra Waddy-Rossow of the Hustle lead all scorers with 30 points. The team was rather unsuccessful on the court during its two seasons in the league. The team finished the 1978–79 season with a record of 11 wins and 23 losses, placing them in fourth and last place in the Midwest Division. In the Midwestern Division for

1833-485: The league's misfortunes. By the fall of 1981, the league was showing what The New York Times described as "feeble flickers of life." That November, commissioner Dave Almstead announced the league had disbanded, having generated $ 14 million in losses in its three years on the court. Almstead, who had succeeded Fischer as league commissioner in May 1981, announced the league's shutdown after trying unsuccessfully to contact

1880-521: The lotteries covered 25% of the cost of holding the competition. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics at US$ 6.3 billion in 2015 dollars. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by

1927-460: The previous 1976 Summer Olympics in protest against the IOC for not expelling New Zealand, which had sanctioned a rugby tour of apartheid South Africa. The 1980 Summer Olympics were disrupted by another, even larger, boycott led by the United States in protest of the 1979 Soviet–Afghan War . The Soviet invasion spurred President Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum on 20 January 1980, which stated that

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1974-424: The specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols. The first documented case of " blood doping " occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two pints of blood before winning medals in

2021-590: The surviving eight teams' investors and team owners. Fischer, owner of the Chicago Hustle, insisted that he would field a team that would go barnstorming if the league went out of existence, and thought that teams would be fielded for a fourth season by Chicago, Nebraska and New Orleans. Some of the players were able to play professionally again in the 1984 Women's American Basketball Association . 1980 Summer Olympics The 1980 Summer Olympics ( Russian : Летние Олимпийские игры 1980 , romanized :  Letnije Olimpijskije igry 1980 ), officially known as

2068-552: The team on February 6, 1980, and was replaced by Julia Yeater , the team's assistant coach, on an interim basis. Women%27s Professional Basketball League The WPBL was founded by sports entrepreneur Bill Byrne . The league began with a player draft held in Manhattan 's Essex House in July 1978, with eight teams participating. While few of the teams had firm commitments on playing locations (or team names, for that matter),

2115-768: Was in part due to state-run doping programs that had been developed in the Eastern Bloc countries. As a form of protest against the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, fifteen countries marched in the Opening Ceremony with the Olympic Flag instead of their national flags, and the Olympic Flag and Olympic Hymn were used at medal ceremonies when athletes from these countries won medals. Competitors from New Zealand , Portugal , and Spain competed under

2162-464: Was kept by the Moscow city authorities until 1984. Furthermore, there was no next host city presentation. Both the opening and closing ceremonies were shown in Yuri Ozerov 's 1981 film Oh, Sport – You Are The World! (Russian: О спорт, ты – мир! ). New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games. The 1980 Summer Olympic programme featured 203 events in

2209-423: Was played at the Felt Forum in New York City 's Madison Square Garden in front of 2,731 fans. The game was hastily arranged and inserted into the league's schedule, using a court borrowed from the United States Military Academy at West Point, and forcing some players to have to make hectic travel arrangements to get to their next regular season game. The East beat the Midwest by a score of 112–99. Althea Gwyn of

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