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43-870: The old town lies on the Main ’s left bank on the "left knee" of the Mainviereck ("Main Square") between the Spessart and Odenwald ranges. Since the Main riverbed in the Miltenberg area is relatively near the foot of the Odenwald, only a narrow strip of usable land is left, little over 150 meters in width, which in past centuries was time and again flooded by the Main. The historic centre, which stands on this land, often sustained considerable damage in these floods. Only in

86-701: A sum of €55,000,000, were for the first time ever in Bavaria financed by a public-private partnership scheme. In Miltenberg various kinds of schools are represented: Main (river) The Main ( German pronunciation: [ˈmaɪn] ) is the longest tributary of the Rhine . It rises as the White Main in the Fichtel Mountains of northeastern Bavaria and flows west through central Germany for 525 kilometres (326 mi) to meet

129-587: A vital part of European " Corridor VII ", the inland waterway link from the North Sea to the Black Sea . In a historical and political sense, the Main line is referred to as the northern border of Southern Germany , with its predominantly Catholic population. The river roughly marked the southern border of the North German Federation , established in 1867 under Prussian leadership as

172-544: A wheel of six spokes in argent, second and third squares are argent with the letter M in gules. Miltenberg belonged from its founding in the 13th century until the Old Empire’s downfall in 1803 to Electoral Mainz which is the origin of the Wheel of Mainz . The M first appeared in a seal from the early 16th century that also included Saint Martin , as had earlier seals. The current arms are based on those that were once seen on

215-604: Is a lithostratigraphic and allostratigraphic unit (a sequence of rock strata ) in the subsurface of large parts of west and central Europe. The Buntsandstein predominantly consists of sandstone layers of the Lower Triassic series and is one of three characteristic Triassic units, together with the Muschelkalk and Keuper that form the Germanic Trias Supergroup . The Buntsandstein

258-697: Is basically a continuation of the same unit. In Germany the Buntsandstein is subdivided into three subgroups with seven formations (from top to base): Upper Buntsandstein Middle Buntsandstein Lower Buntsandstein All of these are reasonably good reservoir rocks for oil and gas. In the Dutch subdivision, the upper two formations are part of the Upper Germanic Trias and the others part of

301-525: Is made up of 20 council members with seats apportioned thus: (as of the municipal election held in March 2020) Miltenberg currently has two twin towns : In 1960, the sponsorship for the Sudeten Germans driven out of the town of Duchcov was undertaken, which eventually resulted in the town-twinning. The town’s arms might be described thus: Quartered, first and fourth squares are gules with

344-637: Is navigable for shipping from its mouth at the Rhine close to Mainz for 396 km (246 mi) to Bamberg . Since 1992, the Main has been connected to the Danube via the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and the highly regulated Altmühl river. The Main has been canalized with 34 large locks (300 × 12 m or 984 × 39 ft) to allow CEMT class V vessels (110 × 11.45 m or 360.9 × 37.6 ft) to navigate

387-776: Is similar in age, facies and lithology with the Bunter of the British Isles . It is normally lying on top of the Permian Zechstein and below the Muschelkalk. In the past the name Buntsandstein was in Europe also used in a chronostratigraphic sense, as a subdivision of the Triassic system. Among reasons to abandon this use was the discovery that its base lies actually in the latest Permian. The Buntsandstein

430-590: The Changhsingian to Anisian stages , meaning it is between 252 and 246 million years old. In German lithostratigraphy, it is seen as a group, in the Netherlands and North Sea the name has no official status (though that does not keep geologists from using it). In the official Dutch lithostratigraphy, the Buntsandstein is divided into the Lower and Upper Germanic Trias Groups . The British Bunter Formation

473-562: The Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1810, the town finally became part of the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1816. In 1912 and 1951, Miltenberg acquired lands on the Main’s right bank to expand the town. In 2006, the town made national headlines when parish priest Ulrich Boom rang the bells for 20 minutes during a rally of the far-right National Democratic Party of Germany , thereby disrupting

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516-726: The Neolithic ( Michelsberg culture ) but mostly date from the late Bronze Age ( Urnfield culture ). In the 150s, the Roman Empire pushed outwards its fortified border in Germania , establishing the Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes which replaced the Odenwald-Neckar-Limes. From Miltenberg on northwards, the river Main became the border. East of Miltenberg a fortified palisade stretched to

559-606: The Red Main ( Roter Main ) and the White Main ( Weißer Main ). The Red Main originates in the Franconian Jura mountain range, 50 km (31 mi) in length, and runs through Creussen and Bayreuth . The White Main originates in the Fichtel Mountains ; it is 41 km (25 mi) long. In its upper and middle section, the Main runs through the valleys of the German Highlands. Its lower section crosses

602-526: The Rhine below Rüsselsheim , Hesse . The cities of Mainz and Wiesbaden are close to the confluence. The largest cities on the Main are Frankfurt am Main , Offenbach am Main and Würzburg . It is the longest river lying entirely in Germany (if the Weser - Werra are considered separate). The Main flows through the north and north-west of the state of Bavaria then across southern Hesse ; against

645-526: The Spitalkirche was constructed (demolished 1846). Its strategic position on the bend of the navigable river and on the important trade route Nuremberg-Frankfurt made Miltenberg a politically influential member of the nine town league ( Neun-Städte-Bund ) of Mainz. This state of affairs lasted until the German Peasants' War in 1525, when the local representative, Friedrich Weygand, sided with

688-480: The terminus station right near the town ( Miltenberg Hauptbahnhof  [ de ] ) and replaced it with Bahnhof Miltenberg  [ de ] , a through station on the other side of the river. Miltenberg is linked to the urban agglomerations in Hesse, where many inhabitants work. In 2008, the town bypass , which had been discussed and planned for more than 25 years was completed. The construction costs,

731-659: The 13th century and mentioned first in 1226. Another village, Vachhausen, in between Miltinburc and Wallhausen, was abandoned in the Middle Ages, but the Gothic Laurentiuskapelle , located far from the Medieval center of Miltenberg, was built on the remains of the earlier Romanesque parish church of Vachhausen. Already by the early Middle Ages, the area's red buntsandstein was highly sought-after, with products such as grindstones and columns being hewn in

774-622: The 21st century efficient flood control measures, most of all a wall, have significantly reduced the adverse effects of these floods. Since about the beginning of the 20th century, after buying land from the neighbouring community of Großheubach , Miltenberg has been expanding on the right bank. In pre-Roman times, circular ramparts were built on the Greinberg above Miltenberg and on the Bürgstadter Berg (also known as Wannenberg) northeast of Bürgstadt . These were in use as early as

817-603: The Lower Germanic Trias. Bunter sandstone often forms spectacular rock formations as a result of weathering: including isolated rocks several tens of metres high. Most of them are designated natural monuments , for example, the Devil's Table near Hinterweidenthal . In the Palatinate, near Eppenbrunn , are the so-called Altschlossfelsen ("Old Castle Rocks"). The massif has a length of around 1.5 km and

860-764: The Lower Main Lowlands ( Hanau-Seligenstadt Basin and northern Upper Rhine Plain ) to Wiesbaden , where it discharges into the Rhine . Major tributaries of the Main are the Regnitz , the Franconian Saale , the Tauber , and the Nidda . The name Main originates from Latin Moenis , Moenus or Menus . It is not related to the name of the city Mainz (Latin: Mogontiacum or Moguntiacum ). The Main

903-554: The Main. In 190/1, this was the cohort I Sequanorum et Rauricorum equitata (a mixed infantry and cavalry unit of 480 men). In addition, a scout unit ( exploratores Triputienses ) was based in the area, either in the Altstadtkastell or in a nearby separate fort. The cohort castrum likely was continuously occupied until about 260, when the Romans abandoned this part of their border after heavy raids by Germanic tribes. The castrum

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946-557: The Romans also built at least two sanctuaries dedicated to Mercury on the Greinberg. After the withdrawal of the Romans from the area, the regional population declined. Burgundians and Alemanni moved through the lower Main region, but it was only under the Franks (after 500 AD) that the population density again rose noticeably. Their settlements often did not simply grow out of the formerly Roman cores but included separate newly established sites. Early Medieval settlers concentrated on

989-404: The area south of the former Altstadtkastell , northwest of the current town. A Carolingean church was likely built there (9th century) and stones from the castrum were used in early Medieval fortifications nearby. In the 10th to 12th century a town wall was added to this castle-like structure, largely following the foundations of the castrum. A flooded moat surrounded the wall. A Romanesque church

1032-463: The city on the occasion of the cathedral's 1,000th anniversary in 1975. Other columns are at Munich ( Bayerisches Nationalmuseum ) and Nuremberg ( Germanisches Nationalmuseum ) . Miltenberg/Miltinburc grew around a Mainz toll station built on the river bank in the 13th century, protected by the Mildenburg (castle). The castle itself dates from the 12th century. In 1237, the village was awarded

1075-684: The end of the Permian a connection with the Paleo-Tethys Ocean to the south was formed in present-day southeast Poland, causing sea water to flow in periodically. This caused the inflow of more clastic material, which was deposited in the form of large alluvial fans . The same process happened in the Triassic for the Basque-Cantabrian Basin , in the axis of the future Pyrenees . Deposition took place in an arid, continental environment ( playa facies), so that there

1118-418: The event. Ulrich Boom later became Auxiliary Bishop . The following villages were amalgamated into Miltenberg: Tourism is very important for the economy of Miltenberg. Visitors are mainly day trippers from the urban agglomerations in Hesse ( Hanau , Offenbach am Main , Darmstadt , Frankfurt ), but bunter sandstone , some small and medium enterprises and crafts and trade are also important. The council

1161-604: The latter it demarcates a third state, Baden-Württemberg , east and west of Wertheim am Main , the northernmost town of that state. The upper end of its basin opposes that of the Danube where the watershed is recognised by natural biologists, sea salinity studies (and hydrology science more broadly) as the European Watershed . The Main begins near Kulmbach in Franconia at the joining of its two headstreams,

1204-667: The now vanished Schindtor, a town gate. Miltenberg lies on the Fränkischer Rotwein Wanderweg ("Franconian Red Wine Hiking Trail"), which was established in 1990, and leads from Großwallstadt through Miltenberg to Bürgstadt . A new concept was introduced with the Route der Industriekultur Rhein-Main (“Rhine-Main Industrial Culture Route”), which covers the 160 km between Miltenberg and Bingen . Industrial buildings in this area provide

1247-586: The old town today date from the 15th to 18th centuries. The inn Zum Riesen , originally a Gothic house from circa 1400 was replaced in 1590 by the current building. Until 1803, Miltenberg belonged to Electoral Mainz . After securalization and the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , Miltenberg passed to the Principality of Leiningen , with which it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Baden in 1806. After having become part of

1290-636: The peasants and was executed. He had also favoured the Reformation and after 1522, when Miltenberg finally became independent of the Bürgstadt parish, had helped Johann Draconites  [ de ] , a supporter of Martin Luther , to head the new parish. From 1667 the Franziskanerkirche was built by de:Antonio Petrini . Most of the half-timbered houses dominating the appearance of

1333-924: The predecessor of the German Empire . The river course also corresponds with the Speyer line isogloss between Central and Upper German dialects, sometimes mocked as Weißwurstäquator . The Main-Radweg is a major German bicycle path alongside the river. Approximately 600 kilometres long (370 mi), it is the first long-distance instance awarded 5 stars by the General German Bicycle Club ( ADFC ) in 2008. It starts from Creußen or Bischofsgrün and ends in Mainz . Buntsandstein The Buntsandstein (German for coloured or colourful sandstone ) or Bunter sandstone

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1376-661: The river is rather narrow on many of the upper reaches, navigation with larger vessels and push convoys requires great skill. The largest cities along the Main are Frankfurt am Main , Offenbach am Main and Würzburg . The Main also passes the following towns: Burgkunstadt , Lichtenfels , Bad Staffelstein , Eltmann , Haßfurt , Schweinfurt , Volkach , Kitzingen , Marktbreit , Ochsenfurt , Karlstadt , Gemünden , Lohr , Marktheidenfeld , Wertheim , Miltenberg , Obernburg , Erlenbach/Main , Aschaffenburg , Seligenstadt , Hainburg , Hanau , Hattersheim , Flörsheim , and Rüsselsheim . The river has gained enormous importance as

1419-558: The settlement stretched east to the Mittelturm and west to the Schwertfegerturm (both later demolished). By the 14th century, the town had expanded to the limits which roughly endured until the 19th century: from Würzburger Tor (east) to Spitzenturm / Mainzer Tor (west). During its financial heyday, Miltenberg also saw considerable construction activity: of the many secular and non-Christian Gothic structures today only

1462-483: The south and east towards Walldürn and on to Lorch . Two castra were established: the Altstadtkastell between Miltenberg and Kleinheubach (2.7 hectares) to the north and the Kastell Miltenberg-Ost in the direction of Bürgstadt (0.6 hectares). The former, which was likely built some years in advance of the overall change in the borderline, housed a cohort, the southernmost military presence on

1505-462: The status of town. It profited from the Stapelrecht which forced passing merchants to store their wares locally and offer them for sale for some days. This boosted construction of inns and warehouses. For protection, walls from the castle were extended around the town. This oldest part of the town was just 100 meters east to west, extending west from today's Schnatterloch . The first expansion of

1548-456: The surrounding woods. The so-called Heunensäulen  [ de ] were made near Miltenberg. They are special bunter columns likely intended for Mainz Cathedral when it was built around the year 1000. The master builder, however, apparently decided that they were not needed, so they never became part of the cathedral. One of the monoliths now stands in Mainz’ cathedral square, a gift to

1591-543: The total length of the river. The 16 locks in the adjacent Rhine-Main-Danube Canal and the Danube itself are of the same dimensions. There are 34 weirs and locks along the 380 km navigable portion of the Main, from the confluence with the Regnitz near Bamberg, to the Rhine. Most of the weirs or dams along the Main also have turbines for power generation. Tributaries from source to mouth: Left Right Around Frankfurt are several large inland ports. Because

1634-608: The visitors with the opportunity to learn about the industrial heritage in a regional context 700 buildings have already been scientifically catalogued, including Miltenberg’s old railway station. Miltenberg lies on the railway line from Aschaffenburg to Wertheim ( Main Valley Railway ). Moreover, the Madonnenlandbahn  [ de ] branches off here towards Seckach . There are hourly connections to Aschaffenburg by day. In 1977, Deutsche Bundesbahn closed

1677-542: The winery, a warehouse and the former synagogue remain. Gothic churches included the Stadtkirche (St Jakobus) but it mostly lost its original exterior character when it was rebuilt in the 1830s. The nearby Wallfahrtskapelle Maria ad gradus (built circa 1400) was demolished in 1825. Close to the Spital zum heiligen Petrus , a hospital dedicated to St. Peter and founded circa 1310 by Peter of Aspelt , Archbishop of Mainz,

1720-401: Was built inside the walled area. This settlement likely was the civitas Walehusen , owned by the Count Palatinate in his role as Vogt of Lorsch Abbey . This was destroyed in 1247 by troops of the Archbishop of Mainz , Siegfried III . At this point, the population of Walehausen/Wallhausen was likely moved to the village Miltinburc, previously founded by Mainz during the first quarter of

1763-410: Was deposited in the Germanic Basin , a large sedimentary basin that was the successor of the smaller Permian Basin and spread across present day Poland , Germany, Denmark , the southern regions of the North Sea and Baltic Sea , the Netherlands and south England. In the late Permian this region had an arid climate and it was covered by inland seas which deposited the Zechstein evaporites . At

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1806-412: Was destroyed by the Alemanni . The Limes itself met the Main near the eastern castrum, Miltenberg-Ost which housed a Numerus , a smaller military unit. The exact line the wall followed for the first few kilometers near the Main is not known. This smaller fort was likely built in the 2nd century, probably soon after 150. It was in use at most until the middle of the 3rd century. During their presence,

1849-416: Was little chemical weathering . Therefore, the Buntsandstein deposits are typical red beds , mainly sandstones and conglomerates with little clay . The late Anisian saw a major rise of the global ( eustatic ) sea level. A tropical sea filled the Germanic Basin then, stopping the deposition of the Buntsandstein and marking the beginning of the deposition of the Muschelkalk. The Buntsandstein belongs to

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