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18-813: The arboretum's earliest area was established in 1907 as the Horticultural Research Center, which developed cold-hardy crops such as the Honeycrisp apple and Northern Lights azaleas . In 1958 the arboretum itself was begun on 160 acres (0.65 km) founded by Leon C. Snyder . The arboretum is the largest, most diverse, and most complete horticultural site in Minnesota , with over 5000 plant varieties, and approaching its goal of protecting its entire watershed (1200 acres). The arboretum features annual and perennial display gardens, plants developed for northern climates, demonstration gardens,

36-432: A horticultural library and conservatory, as well as miles of hiking and cross-country skiing trails. The Meyers-Deats Conservatory features bromeliad , orchid , and cactus collections and tropical houseplants . The Andersen Horticultural Library houses 15,000 books covering botany, horticulture, natural history, children's literature, research materials, and nursery catalogs. A Three-Mile (5 km) Drive through

54-469: A fund for other research. The University of Minnesota crossed Honeycrisp with another of their apple varieties, Minnewashta (brand name Zestar! ), to create a hybrid called Minneiska (brand name SweeTango ), released as a "managed variety" to control how and where it can be grown and sold. SugarBee is an open cross-pollination between Honeycrisp and an unknown variety discovered in Minnesota in

72-579: A group of researchers in 2004, which included those who were attributed on the US plant patent, determined that neither of these cultivars is a parent of the Honeycrisp. It found that one parent was a hybrid of the Keepsake (itself a hybrid of Frostbite (MN447) x Northern Spy ) while the other was identified in 2017 as the unreleased University of Minnesota selection MN1627. The grandparents of Honeycrisp on

90-399: A lower density of large, well-colored fruit, while mature trees have higher fruit density of fruit with diminished size and color quality. Fruit density can be adjusted through removal of blossom clusters or young fruit to counteract the effect. Flesh firmness is also generally better with lower crop densities. Bitter pit disproportionately affects Honeycrisps; typically 23% of the harvest

108-502: A trait which is correlated with juiciness, as larger cells are more prone to rupturing instead of cleaving along the cell walls; this rupturing effect is likely what makes the apple taste juicier. The Honeycrisp also retains its pigment well and has a relatively long shelf life when stored in cool, dry conditions. Pepin Heights Orchards delivered the first Honeycrisp apples to grocery stores in 1997. The name Honeycrisp

126-436: Is a green ground, flushed with red stripes where not shaded. The white flesh is juicy, crisp and mildly sweet with a rich, aromatic subacid flavor, noted for high vitamin C content. Its characteristic flavor is tarter than most popular varieties, and its flesh is harder or crunchier than most, with a thin skin. [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Northern Spy is commonly used for desserts and pies, as well as juice and cider . It

144-540: Is affected. As a result of the Honeycrisp apple's growing popularity, the government of Nova Scotia , Canada, spent over C$ 1.5 million funding a five-year Honeycrisp Orchard Renewal Program from 2005 to 2010 to subsidize apple producers to replace older trees (mainly McIntosh ) with newer higher-return varieties of apples: the Honeycrisp, Gala , and Ambrosia . Apple growers in New Zealand's South Island have begun growing Honeycrisp to supply consumers during

162-504: Is an excellent apple for storage, tending to last long due to late maturation. The Northern Spy was discovered around 1800 in East Bloomfield, New York , south of Rochester, New York , as surviving sprouts of a seedling cultivated from stock brought in from Connecticut that had failed. The Wagener apple is believed to be one of its forebears. It fell somewhat out of favor due to its dull coloration, irregular shape, tendency of

180-647: The University of Minnesota , Twin Cities . Designated in 1974 with the MN 1711 test designation, patented in 1988, and released in 1991, the Honeycrisp, once slated to be discarded, has rapidly become a prized commercial commodity , as its sweetness, firmness, and tartness make it an ideal apple for eating raw. "...The apple wasn't bred to grow, store or ship well. It was bred for taste: crisp, with balanced sweetness and acidity." It has larger cells than most apple cultivars,

198-679: The Harrison Sculpture Garden , a Japanese garden , a Chinese garden , a maze garden and natural areas including woodlands, prairie , and marshes . Its collections include clematis , dahlias , ornamental grasses , hostas , iris , wildflowers , and cultivated and hardy shrub roses . Recent additions to the arboretum include the Farm at the Arb and the Tashjian Bee and Pollinator Discovery Center . The arboretum also includes

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216-641: The MN1627 side are the Duchess of Oldenburg and the Golden Delicious . The US patent for the Honeycrisp cultivar expired in 2008, although patents in some countries don't expire until as late as 2031. Patent royalties had generated more than $ 10 million by 2011, split three ways by the University of Minnesota between its inventors, the college and department in which the research was conducted, and

234-644: The US off-season. The first batch of New Zealand-grown Honeycrisp cultivars being introduced to the North American market have been branded using the "HoneyCrunch" registered trademark. According to the US Apple Association website it is one of the fifteen most popular apple cultivars in the United States. Northern Spy Northern Spy also called ' Spy' and ' King' , is a cultivar of domesticated apple that originated on

252-539: The arboretum takes visitors past many of the collections. Walkers will enjoy the arboretum's Three-Mile Walk, which winds its way through many plant collections. Guided tours are available at extra cost, and may be taken by tram, bus, or on foot. Honeycrisp Honeycrisp ( Malus pumila ) is an apple cultivar (cultivated variety) developed at the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station's Horticultural Research Center at

270-414: The early 1990s. Honeycrisp apple flowers are self-sterile , so another apple variety must be nearby as a pollenizer in order to get fruit. Most other apple varieties will pollenize Honeycrisp, as will varieties of crabapple . Honeycrisp will not come true when grown from seed. Trees grown from the seeds of Honeycrisp apples will be hybrids of Honeycrisp and the pollenizer. Young trees typically have

288-497: The farm of Oliver Chapin in East Bloomfield, New York , in about 1840. It is popular in upstate New York . The Northern Spy was one of four apples honored by the United States Postal Service in a 2013 set of four 33¢ stamps commemorating historic strains, joined by Baldwin , Golden Delicious , and Granny Smith . Northern Spy produces fairly late in the season (late October and beyond). Skin color

306-574: The thin skin to allow bruising, and lack of disease resistance, specifically to bitter pit and blossom fireblight , but resistant to woolly aphid and somewhat to scab . It is not widely available at retail outside its growing regions but still serves as an important processing apple in those areas. The Northern Spy is known for taking as much as a decade to bear fruit, unless grafted to a non-standard rootstock . In spite of this, it makes an excellent root stock for grafting other varieties to become standard-size trees. A Northern Spy apple tree figures in

324-487: Was trademarked by the University of Minnesota, but university officials were unsure of its patent status in 2007. It is now the official state fruit of Minnesota. A large-sized honeycrisp will contain about 116 kilocalories (490 kJ). U.S. Plant Patent 7197 and Report 225-1992 (AD-MR-5877-B) from the Horticultural Research Center indicated that the Honeycrisp was a hybrid of the apple cultivars 'Macoun' and 'Honeygold' . However, genetic fingerprinting conducted by

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