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48-529: It was opened in 2001. It is situated in a purpose-built building in the Odaiba District of Tokyo . It can be reached by the Yurikamome driverless fully automated transit system from downtown Tokyo in about 20 minutes. Highlights include real-time displays of data from a huge array of seismometers across Japan which shows the country gently vibrating. The occasional earthquakes for which Japan

96-750: A city called Shinkoumi, referenced to previously being part of the Tokyo Waterfront. Battery No. 6 is used as a key location in the short story "Solitary Isle" by Japanese writer Koji Suzuki included in the Dark Water (short story collection) Minato City Board of Education operates public elementary and junior high schools. Daiba 1-2 chōme 1-5-ban are zoned to Odaiba Gakuen ( お台場学園 ) for elementary and junior high school. 35°37′48″N 139°46′30″E  /  35.63°N 139.775°E  / 35.63; 139.775 Artillery battery In military organizations , an artillery battery

144-466: A company as "larger than a platoon, but smaller than a battalion" while being a "unit consisting of two or more platoons, usually of the same type, with a headquarters and a limited capacity for self-support." The standard NATO symbol for a company consists of a single vertical line placed above a framed unit icon. "Battery" is a relatively modern term at sea. Advanced warships in the Age of Sail , such as

192-488: A few armies. Coastal artillery sometimes had completely different organizational terms based on shore defence sector areas. Batteries also have sub-divisions, which vary across armies and periods but often translate into the English "platoon" or "troop" with individual ordnance systems called a "section" or "sub-section", where a section comprises two artillery pieces. The rank of a battery commander has also varied, but

240-605: A gun) and 12 ammunition mules. During the American Civil War , artillery batteries often consisted of six field pieces for the Union Army and four for the Confederate States Army , although this varied. Batteries were divided into sections of two guns apiece, each section normally under the command of a lieutenant. The full battery was typically commanded by a captain . Often, particularly as

288-561: A lieutenant) who is also the reconnaissance officer. The battery has two Command Posts (CP), one active and one alternate, the latter provides back-up in the event of casualties, but primarily moves with the preparation party to the next gun position and becomes the main CP there. Each CP is controlled by a Command Post Officer (CPO) who is usually a Lieutenant, 2nd Lieutenant or Warrant Officer Class 2. Gun positions may be "tight", perhaps 150 m × 150 m (490 ft × 490 ft) when

336-662: A major venue for international expositions. The D1 Grand Prix motorsport series hosted drifting events at Odaiba from 2004 to 2018. Odaiba was one of the venues for the 2020 Summer Olympics . A temporary arena was built at Shiokaze Park for beach volleyball , and temporary stands were built for the Odaiba Marine Park to hold triathlon and marathon swimming . Today's Odaiba is a popular shopping and sightseeing destination for Tokyoites and tourists alike. Major attractions include: Two Shuto Expressway lines access Odaiba: Route 11 enters from central Tokyo crossing

384-442: A population of over 100,000. The redevelopment was scheduled to be complete in time for a planned "International Urban Exposition" in spring 1996. Suzuki's successor Yukio Aoshima halted the plan in 1995, by which point over JPY 1 trillion had been spent on the project, and Odaiba was still underpopulated and full of vacant lots. Many of the special companies set up to develop the island became practically bankrupt. The collapse of

432-429: A smaller secondary battery for self-defense. This leap in heavy offensive armament from a standard four large caliber guns to a main battery of ten made all other battleships obsolete overnight, as the weight of broadside it could unleash, and overwhelming rate of fire a superior number of similar weapons could sustain, could overwhelm any similarly sized warship. A third, or tertiary battery, of weapons lighter than

480-646: A tourist and leisure zone, with several large hotels and shopping malls. Several large companies including Fuji Television moved their headquarters to the island, and transportation links improved with the connection of the Rinkai Line into the JR East railway network in 2002 and the eastward extension of the Yurikamome to Toyosu in 2006. Tokyo Big Sight , the convention center originally built to house Governor Suzuki's planned intercity convention, also became

528-420: A vessel, many in mounts on the hull or superstructure with limited travel. Confusion also arose when combinations of large caliber "main battery" and smaller "secondary battery" weapons of mixed offensive and defensive use were deployed. This began to be resolved with the 1906 launching of the revolutionary "all big gun" battleship HMS  Dreadnought . It shipped a main battery of ten heavy caliber guns, and

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576-549: Is a Major (like his infantry company commander counterpart). However, in these armies the battery commander leads the "tactical group" and is usually located with the headquarters of the infantry or armoured unit the battery is supporting. Increasingly these direct support battery commanders are responsible for the orchestration of all forms of fire support (mortars, attack helicopters, other aircraft and naval gunfire) as well as artillery. General support battery commanders are likely to be at brigade or higher headquarters. The gun group

624-464: Is a unit or multiple systems of artillery , mortar systems, rocket artillery , multiple rocket launchers , surface-to-surface missiles , ballistic missiles , cruise missiles , etc., so grouped to facilitate better battlefield communication and command and control , as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems. The term is also used in a naval context to describe groups of guns on warships . Historically

672-544: Is commanded by the Battery Captain (BK), the battery's second-in-command. However this position has no technical responsibilities, its primary concern is administration, including ammunition supply, local defence and is based in the "wagon-lines" a short distance from the actual gun position, where the gun towing and logistic vehicles are concealed. Technical control is by the Gun Position Officer (GPO,

720-659: Is noted in many major areas of the plot. Odaiba serves as the main setting for the multimedia project Love Live! Nijigasaki High School Idol Club , in which the Tokyo Big Sight building serves as the Nijigasaki High School ((虹ヶ咲学園, Nijigasaki Gakuen). Diver City, Sega Joypolis and the Rainbow Bridge can be seen as settings in the animation. Odaiba may be referenced in the game Slow Damage by NITRO CHiRAL. The plot takes place in

768-846: Is noted show up as larger movements. Visitors can search the on-line database of recent earthquake activity. A section of rock core taken across the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary (K–T boundary) records a major meteorite impact event that is believed to have led to the final demise of the dinosaurs. Asimo , the Honda robot is one of the star attractions along with the model maglev train . The prominent Geo-Cosmos high resolution globe displays near real-time events of global weather patterns, ocean temperatures and vegetation cover among other geographic, scientific and socioeconomic topics. The Geo-Cosmos spherical screen consists of 10,362 OLED panels, each 96 x96 mm in size. The first and only one of its kind

816-465: Is part of the Tsunagari permanent exhibition. Miraikan adopted a unique map projection called AuthaGraph projection as its official world mapping tool. AuthaGraph projection was developed by Japanese architect Hajime Narukawa in 1999. "This projection method transfers a 3-dimentional [ sic ] sphere into a 2-dimensional rectangle while maintaining areas proportions. Using this method,

864-682: Is the equivalent of a company in terms of organisation level. In the United States Army , generally a towed howitzer battery has six guns, whereas a self-propelled battery (such as an M109 battery) contains eight. They are subdivided into: The battery is typically commanded by a captain in US forces and is equivalent to an infantry company . A US Army battery is divided into the following units: Other armies can be significantly different, however. For example: The United Kingdom and Commonwealth forces have classified batteries according to

912-472: Is usually a lieutenant, captain, or major. The number of guns, howitzers, mortars or launchers in an organizational battery has also varied, with the calibre of guns usually being an important consideration. In the 19th century four to 12 guns was usual as the optimum number to maneuver into the gun line. By the late 19th century, a mountain artillery battery was divided into a gun line and an ammunition line . The gun line consisted of six guns (five mules to

960-664: The Dai-San Daiba ( 第三台場 , No. 3 Battery) was refurbished and opened to the public as the Metropolitan Daiba Park . Of the originally planned 11 batteries, seven construction projects started, but only six were ever finished. No. 1 to No. 3 Batteries were completed in eight months in 1853. Construction on Nos. 4 to 7 started in 1854, but only Nos. 5 and 6 were finished by the year's end. Nos. 4 and 7 were abandoned, with 30% and 70% unfinished (respectively), and an alternative land-based battery near Gotenyama

1008-436: The American Civil War by John Ericsson . Open barbettes were also used to house their main batteries on rotating mounts. Both designs allowed naval engineers to dramatically reduce the number of guns present in the battery, by giving a handful of guns the ability to concentrate on either side of the ship. In time this trend reversed, with a proliferation of weapons of multiple calibers being arranged somewhat haphazardly about

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1056-572: The Japanese asset price bubble was a major factor, as it frustrated commercial development in Tokyo generally. The area was also viewed as inconvenient for business, as its physical connections to Tokyo—the Rainbow Bridge and the Yurikamome rapid transit line—made travel to and from central Tokyo relatively time-consuming and costly. The area started coming back to life in the late 1990s as

1104-680: The Rainbow Bridge , while the Bayshore Route enters from Shinagawa Ward through the Tokyo Port Tunnel and from the bayfront areas of Tokyo and Chiba Prefecture to the east. By public transport, Odaiba is accessible via the automated Yurikamome transit system from Shimbashi and Toyosu . The privately operated Rinkai Line runs between Shin-kiba and Osaki , but many trains connect directly to Shibuya , Shinjuku , and Ikebukuro . City buses provide cheaper if slower access. Ferries connect Odaiba with Asakusa running along

1152-663: The Sumida River and the Kasai Rinkai Park in eastern Tokyo. The Tokyo Cruise Ship is a water bus operator in Tokyo that offers services including public lines as well as event cruises and chartered ships. Such as from Asakusa → Odaiba Seaside Park → Toyosu → Asakusa. Odaiba, the Rainbow Bridge, and other parts of the surrounding area are a major setting of the Digimon Adventure franchise. The area

1200-471: The ship of the line , mounted dozens of similar cannons grouped in broadsides , sometimes spread over several decks. This remained the standard main weapon layout for centuries, until the mid-19th century evolution of the naval rifle and revolving gun turrets came to displace fixed cannon. The first operational use of a rotating turret was on the American ironclad USS  Monitor , designed during

1248-543: The 'AuthaGraph world map' succeeds in transferring an image of the spherical Earth to a flat surface while evenly distributing distortion." Every year between three and six specially curated exhibitions are produced and shown, with science and art often overlapping. They dealt with a wide range of topics from "Toilet - Human Waste and Earth's Future" to the "Making of the Tokyo Sky Tree" and "Terminator Exhibition - Battle or Coexistence? Robots and Our Future". In 2012,

1296-409: The 18th century "battery" began to be used as an organizational term for a permanent unit of artillery in peace and war, although horse artillery sometimes used "troop" and fixed position artillery "company". They were usually organised with between 6 and 12 ordnance pieces, often including cannon and howitzers. By the late 19th century "battery" had become standard mostly replacing company or troop. In

1344-981: The 20th century the term was generally used for the company level sub-unit of an artillery branch including field, air-defence, anti-tank and position (coastal and frontier defences). 20th-century firing batteries have been equipped with mortars, guns, howitzers, rockets and missiles. During the Napoleonic Wars some armies started grouping their batteries into larger administrative and field units. Groups of batteries combined for field combat employment called Grand Batteries by Napoleon. Administratively batteries were usually grouped in battalions , regiments or squadrons and these developed into tactical organisations. These were further grouped into regiments , simply "group" or brigades , that may be wholly composed of artillery units or combined arms in composition. To further concentrate fire of individual batteries, from World War I they were grouped into "artillery divisions" in

1392-523: The Higashi-Yashio district of Shinagawa Ward . The name Odaiba alludes to daiba ( 台場 , " batteries " / "forts") , which formed small islands nearby. They were constructed in 1853 by Egawa Hidetatsu for the Tokugawa shogunate in order to protect Edo from attack by sea, the primary threat being Commodore Matthew Perry 's Black Ships , which had arrived in the same year. In 1928,

1440-416: The basic field organization being the "gun group" and the "tactical group". The former being reconnaissance and survey, guns, command posts, logistic, and equipment support elements, the latter being the battery commander and observation teams that deploy with the supported arm. In these armies the guns may be split into several fire units, which may deploy dispersed over an extended area or be concentrated into

1488-436: The caliber of the guns. Typically: Headquarters batteries, which themselves have no artillery pieces, but are rather the command and control organization for a group of firing batteries (for example, a regimental or battalion headquarters battery). The basic field organization being the "gun group" and the "tactical group". The former being reconnaissance and survey, guns, command posts, logistic and equipment support elements,

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1536-752: The counter battery threat is low, or gun manoeuver areas, where pairs of self-propelled guns move around a far larger area, if the counter-battery threat is high. During the Cold War NATO batteries that were dedicated to a nuclear role generally operated as "sections" comprising a single gun or launcher. Groupings of mortars, when they are not operated by artillery, are usually referred to as platoons. 155mm Howitzer Battery, Artillery Battalion, Artillery Regiment, Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force (Battery Organization consisting of 147 Marines and Navy personnel, per Table of Organization T/O 1113G) Other armies can be significantly different, however. For example:

1584-424: The early 20th century necessitated two other groups, firstly observers who deployed some distance forward of the gun line, secondly a small staff on the gun position to undertake the calculations to convert the orders from the observers into data that could be set on the gun sights. This in turn led to the need for signalers, which further increased as the need to concentrate the fire of dispersed batteries emerged and

1632-465: The gun emplacement was only one part of an extensive installation that included magazines and systems to deliver ammunition from the magazines to the guns. Improvements in mobile artillery, naval and ground; air attack; and precision guided weapons have limited fixed position's usefulness. Within NATO member nations, it is typical to label company sized organizations of artillery as "batteries." NATO defines

1680-867: The introduction fire control staff at artillery headquarters above the batteries. Fixed artillery refers to guns or howitzers on mounts that were either anchored in one spot (though capable of being moved for purposes of traverse and elevation), or on carriages intended to be moved only for the purposes of aiming, and not for tactical repositioning. Historical versions often closely resembled naval cannon of their day, "garrison carriages," like naval carriages, were short, heavy, and had four small wheels meant for rolling on relatively smooth, hard surfaces. Later, both naval and garrison carriages evolved traversing platforms and pivoting mounts. Such mounts were typically used in forts, or permanent defensive batteries, such as coastal artillery. Fixed batteries could be equipped with much larger guns than field artillery units could transport, and

1728-583: The island is located in Tokyo's Kōtō ward, with the north and northwest of the island in Minato and Shinagawa wards. Daiba ( 台場 ) formally refers to one district of the island located in Minato. Governor Shintaro Ishihara used Odaiba to refer to the entire Tokyo Waterfront Secondary City Center ( 東京臨海副都心 , Tōkyō Rinkai Fukutoshin ) , which includes the Ariake and Aomi districts of Kōtō Ward and

1776-406: The latter being the battery commander and observation teams that deploy with the supported arm. In these armies the guns may be split into several fire units, which may deploy dispersed over an extended area or be concentrated into a single position. In some cases batteries have operationally deployed as six totally separate guns, although sections (pairs) are more usual. A battery commander, or "BC"

1824-452: The multi-barrel Phalanx CIWS rotary cannon used for point defense . The rapid fire 5"/54 caliber Mark 45 gun 5-inch (130 mm) and Otobreda 76 mm (3.0 in) used for close defense against surface combatants and shore bombardment are among the last traditional naval guns still in use. In modern battery organization, the military unit typically has six to eight howitzers or six to nine rocket launchers and 100 to 200 personnel and

1872-459: The park that was No. 3 Battery. On the other hand, No. 6 was left to nature (access prohibited). The modern island of Odaiba began to take shape when the Port of Tokyo opened in 1941. Tokyo governor Shunichi Suzuki began a major development plan in the early 1990s to redevelop Odaiba as Tokyo Teleport Town , a showcase for futuristic living, with new residential and commercial development housing

1920-410: The secondary battery was typically mounted. To simplify the design many later ships used dual-purpose guns to combine the functions of the secondary battery and the heavier guns of the tertiary batteries. Many dual-purpose guns also served in an anti-aircraft role. In addition, dedicated light-caliber rapid-fire anti-aircraft weapons were deployed, often in the scores. An example of this combination

1968-634: The special exhibition "The Story of the End of the World: 73 Questions We Must Answer" dealt with the Tohoku earthquake and its aftermath. Multilingual staff conduct demonstrations about leading edge Japanese science. Miraikan is led by Japanese astronaut Mamoru Mohri . Odaiba Odaiba ( お台場 ) is a large artificial island in Tokyo Bay , Japan, across the Rainbow Bridge from central Tokyo . Odaiba

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2016-442: The term "battery" referred to a cluster of cannon in action as a group, either in a temporary field position during a battle or at the siege of a fortress or a city. Such batteries could be a mixture of cannon, howitzer , or mortar types. A siege could involve many batteries at different sites around the besieged place. The term also came to be used for a group of cannons in a fixed fortification, for coastal or frontier defence. During

2064-441: The war progressed, individual batteries were grouped into battalions under a major or colonel of artillery. In the 20th century it varied between four and 12 for field artillery (even 16 if mortars), or even two pieces for very heavy pieces. Other types of artillery such as anti-tank or anti-aircraft have sometimes been larger. Some batteries have been "dual-equipped" with two different types of gun or mortar, and taking whichever

2112-419: Was built instead. However, they resumed construction on No. 4 in 1862 and completed it the following year. Until the mid-1960s, all except two batteries (Nos. 3 and 6) were either removed to facilitate ship navigation or incorporated into Shinagawa port and Tennōzu . In 1979, the "landfill no. 13" (now Minato-ku Daiba, Shinagawa-ku Higashi-Yashio and Kōtō-ku Aomi districts) was finished and connected to

2160-542: Was initially built for defensive purposes in the 1850s. The land was dramatically expanded during the late 20th century as a seaport district, and was redeveloped in the 1990s into a major commercial, residential and leisure area. Odaiba, along with Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama, is one of the few manmade seashores in Tokyo Bay where the waterfront is accessible and not blocked by industry and harbor areas. The majority of

2208-401: Was more appropriate when they deployed for operations. From the late 19th century field artillery batteries started to become more complex organisations. First they needed the capability to carry adequate ammunition, typically each gun could only carry about 40 rounds in its limber so additional wagons were added to the battery, typically about two per gun. The introduction of indirect fire in

2256-548: Was rebuilt in 2010 and re-introduced in its current form in June 2011, after the Tohoku earthquake caused the museum to close for three months. US President Barack Obama visited Miraikan on April 24, 2014, addressing Japanese students in front of the Geo-Cosmos display. Noting the uniqueness of the display, he said: "As far as I know, we don't have one of those cool globes..." The Geo-Cosmos along with Geo-Palette and Geo-Scope

2304-596: Was the German battleship  Bismarck , which carried a main battery of eight 380 mm (15 in) guns, a secondary battery of twelve 150 mm (5.9 in) guns for defense against destroyers and torpedo boats, as well as a tertiary battery of various anti-aircraft guns ranging in caliber from 105-to-20 mm (4.13-to-0.79 in). Conventional artillery as a vessel's battery has been largely displaced by guided missiles for both offensive and defensive actions. Small caliber guns are retained for niche roles, such as

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