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59-460: Mirijevo is located 11 kilometers east of downtown Belgrade, on the eastern outskirts of Belgrade's urban zone. It extends into the neighborhoods of Ćalije on the north, Zvezdara on the west and Mali Mokri Lug ( Zeleno Brdo ) on the south. The neighborhood developed in the valley of Mirijevski potok (creek which is a right tributary to the Danube , at the neighborhood of Rospi Ćuprija ), between

118-520: A density of 560 kg/m . It was often used by Germanic tribes for constructing shields. It is a popular wood for model building and for intricate carving. Especially in Germany, it was the classic wood for sculpture from the Middle Ages onwards and is the material for the elaborate altarpieces of Veit Stoss , Tilman Riemenschneider , and many others. In England, it was the favoured medium of

177-639: A material for drum shells, both to enhance their sound and for their aesthetics. Linden wood is also the material of choice for window blinds and shutters. Real-wood blinds are often made from this lightweight but strong and stable wood, which is well suited to natural and stained finishes. In China, 冻蘑/"dongmo" grows well on decomposing logs of Tilia trees in the old-growth forest ; therefore, people use logs of Tilia trees to cultivate S. edulis and even Black fungus or shiitake mushrooms with excellent results. Currently, "椴木黑木耳/ Tilia -logs-black fungus" or "椴木香菇/ Tilia -logs-shiitake mushrooms" has become

236-497: A pale but richly flavoured monofloral honey . In European and North American herbal medicine, the flowers are also used for herbal teas and tinctures . The flowers are used for herbal tea in the winter in the Balkans. In China, dried Tilia flowers are also used to make tea. In English landscape gardens , avenues of linden trees were fashionable, especially during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Many country houses have

295-574: A petal-like scale among their stamens and the European varieties are devoid of these appendages. All of the Tilia species may be propagated by cuttings and grafting, as well as by seed. They grow rapidly in rich soil, but are subject to the attack of many insects. Tilia is notoriously difficult to propagate from seed unless collected fresh in fall. If allowed to dry, the seeds go into a deep dormancy and take 18 months to germinate. This list comprises

354-556: A protective green belt around the neighborhood. City later removed one school from the plans, added more buildings, and raised the number of floors, apparently lifting the number of housing units to over 5,000 and new residents up to 15,000. Some 80% of Bajdina is covered by forest. Residents protested, claiming that the project includes cutting of 80% of existing forest (only 23% of the entire area will remain as "green areas"), and construction on three active and two potential downhill creeps , which cover 26 hectares (64 acres). Mass wasting

413-570: A surviving "lime avenue" or "lime walk", the example at Hatfield House was planted between 1700 and 1730. The fashion was derived from the earlier practice of planting lindens in lines as shade trees in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and northern France. Most of the trees used in British gardens were cultivars propagated by layering in the Netherlands. Linden trees produce soft and easily worked timber, which has very little grain and

472-539: A term for a method of cultivating black fungus and shiitake mushrooms and "椴木/ Tilia -logs" no longer exclusively refers to Tilia tree wood but also to other woods suitable for black fungus or shiitake mushrooms cultivation. In Russian, "linden-made" (липовый, lipoviy ) is a term for forgery, due to the popularity of the material for making forged seals in the past centuries. Known in the trade as basswood, particularly in North America, its name originates from

531-478: Is almost uninhabited. The protesters also said that Mirijevo has one only promenade-like pathway, and one proper park, so that Bajdina should be transformed into the park-forest, eventually with sports and recreational zones, swimming pools, etc. Additionally, when city changed its general urban plan in 2016, all green areas in Mirijevo were declared a building locations. It was pointed out that such large wooded area

590-463: Is an altered form of Middle English lind , in the 16th century also line , from Old English feminine lind or linde , Proto-Germanic *lindō (cf. Dutch /German Linde, plural Linden ), cognate to Latin lentus "flexible" and Sanskrit latā " liana ". Within Germanic languages , English "lithe" and Dutch /German lind for "lenient, yielding" are from the same root. "Linden" was originally

649-415: Is basswood, derived from bast , the name for the inner bark (see Uses , below). Teil is an old name for the lime tree. Aphids are attracted by the rich supply of sap, and are in turn often "farmed" by ants for the production of the sap, which the ants collect for their own use, and the result can often be a dripping of excess sap onto the lower branches and leaves, and anything else below. Cars left under

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708-501: Is beneficial to Belgrade's microclimate, and that Bajdina makes sort of a buffer zone between the city and its landfill in Vinča. Some 60 species of birds were recorded in the forest. Though the city's plan came out of nowhere, citizens managed to file over 300 complaints during the public inspection of the plan in April 2022, but city rejected them all, shutting down public debates twice during

767-725: Is called "white honey" or "snow honey". Heilongjiang is well-known throughout the country for producing high-quality " Tilia honey": Heilongjiang not only has lush Tilia trees, but also a rare and excellent bee species - " 东北黑蜂/Northeast Black Bee " to collect honey（ Raohe County is the location of the national "东北黑蜂自然保护区/Northeast Black Bee Nature Reserve". It is the only nature reserve for bees in Asia. ). " Tilia honey" mainly comes from Tilia amurensis and Tilia mandshurica . " Tilia honey" and southern " longan honey" and " lychee honey" are called "China's three famous honeys". " Tilia honey", " rape honey" and " black acacia honey " are

826-528: Is located south of Mirijevo, separating it from Mali Mokri Lug. It covers 67 hectares (170 acres). In February 2022, city announced urbanization of the entire area, with "characteristics of the modern city centers". Plan is to lift number of housing units from 70 to 4,476, and number of population from 288 to 12,085. Project includes two elementary school, five kindergartens, social security center, healthcare center, residential and commercial zones, urban centers, park, three forested areas, Serbian Orthodox church, and

885-466: Is the north-eastern extension of Mirijevo. It is mostly an informal settlement of the Romani people . The main street in the settlement is Orlovska , meaning "eagle street" (thus the neighborhood is called "eagle settlement") as it leads into the foothills of the neighboring Orlovača hill ("eagle hill"). The settlement was established in 1815. In 1968-1969, the inhabitants were partially resettled across

944-523: The Russian and British empires. Since most Kalmyks fled in fear of the advancing Red Army, Josip Broz Tito 's partisans requisitioned the building, damaged in the fighting for Liberation of Belgrade , turned it into a community centre , but a few years later sold it to a machinery plant which pulled it down and built a concrete workshop in its stead. Mali Mokri Lug used to be a separate village, outside Belgrade's urban zone. As Belgrade developed, with

1003-671: The larvae of some Lepidoptera ; see List of Lepidoptera that feed on Tilia . In Europe, some linden trees reached considerable ages. A coppice of T. cordata in Westonbirt Arboretum in Gloucestershire is estimated to be 2,000 years old. In the courtyard of the Imperial Castle at Nuremberg is a Tilia , which by tradition recounted in 1900, was planted by the Empress Cunigunde ,

1062-529: The temperate Northern Hemisphere. The tree is known as linden for the European species, and basswood for North American species. In Great Britain and Ireland they are commonly called lime trees , although they are not related to the citrus lime . The genus occurs in Europe and eastern North America, but the greatest species diversity is found in Asia. Under the Cronquist classification system , this genus

1121-634: The 1870s. The water spring at Stojčino Brdo is still operational, and one of the reservoirs of the city's modern water supply system is located there. From 1929 to 1944, Mali Mokri Lug hosted a Buddhist temple built by the Kalmyk , refugees who had fought the Red Army in Russia and settled in Serbia, like many other White (Russian) refugees. This was the oldest permanent Buddhist temple in Europe outside of

1180-603: The 1886-1927 period. The creek of Bulbuderski potok was channeled and the construction of the houses began while the gardeners were transferred to Mirijevo. Mirijevo used to be a separate village, outside Belgrade's urban zone, but as Belgrade developed, by the early 1970s Mirijevo became part of the city's urban area and lost separate status after 1971, becoming local community (mesna zajednica, sub-municipal administrative unit) within Belgrade city proper (uža teritorija grada). Massive population growth ensued. In 2011 population of

1239-426: The 1970s, since majority of the buildings were highrise , the terrain was systematically improved. As a result, the movement of the land is today completely halted and Mirijevo is considered as the most successful project of fixing the mass wasting problem in Belgrade. Urban forest cover 1.89 hectares (4.7 acres) within the neighborhood. In the expansion of the population of jackals in the outskirts of Belgrade since

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1298-586: The 19th and early 20th century, the area of modern Bulbulder neighborhood in Zvezdara consisted of yards and gardens. Bulgarian settlers were cultivating vegetables, which was then directly sold on the wooden benches in front of the gardens. The settlement changed after the city cemetery was transferred from Tašmajdan to the northern section of the Bulbulder, as the Belgrade New Cemetery , in

1357-516: The 2000s, the animals were reported in the neighborhood in the spring of 2022. Name of the neighborhood comes from the word mirija , originating in Turkish miri . It depicted a patch of land (arable land, gardens, etc.), which during the Ottoman period was leased and on which the tax had to be paid. Elementary school was founded in 1851, completely funded by the donations from the denizens. In

1416-498: The Saint Prophet Elias is in the center of the neighborhood. Novo Mirijevo (New Mirijevo) is a joint name for the local community with a population of 28,986 by the 2002 census and 28,089 in 2011. It consists of Mirijevo II, III and IV. Central part of the neighborhood, characterized by the large residential buildings. It borders Staro Mirijevo on the north, Mirijevo III on the east and extends into Mali Mokri Lug on

1475-415: The Zvezdara hill in the west (253 meters), Orlovica hill (274 meters, read as Orlovitsa ; on some city maps given as Orlovača ) in the north-east and Stojčino hill (274 meters) in the south, so the neighborhood today mostly develops in the south-east, the only remaining unurbanized part of the valley. The territory of Mirijevo was a mass wasting area. During the rapid construction of the neighborhood from

1534-522: The adjective, "made from linwood or lime-wood" (equivalent to "wooden" or "oaken"); from the late 16th century, "linden" was also used as a noun, probably influenced by translations of German romance, as an adoption of Linden , the plural of Linde in Dutch and German. Neither the name nor the tree is related to Citrus genus species and hybrids that go by the same name, such as Key limes ( Citrus × aurantifolia ). Another common name used in North America

1593-531: The border with the municipality of Grocka . It mostly stretches between Bulevar kralja Aleksandra and the Highway Belgrade–Niš , but also north of the boulevard ( Zeleno Brdo ). It extends into the neighborhoods of Mirijevo on the north, Konjarnik on the west, Medaković III on the south-west, Veliki Mokri Lug on the south and Kaluđerica (in Grocka municipality) on the east. Mali Mokri Lug occupies

1652-449: The boulevard, intersections with the Mirijevo's cross streets, sidewalks, city lights and the 1.25 km (0.78 mi) long underground concrete collector which conducted the stream of Mirijevski potok underground. Mali Mokri Lug Mali Mokri Lug ( Serbian Cyrillic : Мали Мокри Луг ) is an urban neighborhood of Belgrade , Serbia . It is located in the south-eastern section of Belgrade's municipality of Zvezdara . It marks

1711-412: The burden of disease - one of the major contributors to pollinator decline. A beverage made from dried linden leaves and flowers is brewed and consumed as a folk medicine and relaxant in many Balkan countries, including Serbia and Greece . Usually, the double-flowered species are used to make perfumes. The leaf buds and young leaves are also edible raw. Tilia species are used as food plants by

1770-648: The construction of the large neighborhood of Konjarnik in the 1960s and 1970s and Mali Mokri Lug's rapid development as a suburb, it became part of the city's urban tissue and lost separate status after 1971, becoming a local community ( mesna zajednica , sub-municipal administrative unit) within Belgrade city proper ( uža teritorija grada ). Mali Mokri Lug continued to grow and now makes the easternmost section of Belgrade's urban proper, developing further east along Bulevar kralja Aleksandra and Smederevski put , its continuation. With this growth, it now also makes continuous built-up area with formerly separate Veliki Mokri Lug (on

1829-456: The exact number of species is uncertain, as many of the species can hybridise readily, both in the wild and in cultivation. They are hermaphroditic , having perfect flowers with both male and female parts, pollinated by insects. The Tilia 's sturdy trunk stands like a pillar and the branches divide and subdivide into numerous ramifications on which the twigs are fine and thick. In summer, these are profusely clothed with large leaves and

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1888-582: The forts built by the Romans to protect the Via Militaris road, was Mutatio ad Sextum , on the location of modern neighborhood. The Romans built an aqueduct to conduct water from the hill of Stojčino Brdo, sometime in the first half of the 1st century. It extended down the route Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra- Cvetkova Pijaca -Vojislava Ilića Street-Mileševska Street- Pioneers Park , into the castrum. Some parts of this waterworks system remained in use up to

1947-429: The highway, at "Lasta" garage, at a tripoint with Kaluđerica's sub-neighborhood of Klenak at the bridge over the highway and with Kaluđerica directly along Smederevski put ). Mali Mokri Lug had its own municipality in the 1950s. It was abolished on 1 January 1957 and merged into Zvezdara. It also comprised Kaluđerica, Leštane and Vinča which were later detached and annexed to the municipality of Grocka. Population of

2006-587: The inner fibrous bark of the tree, known as bast. A strong fibre is obtained from the tree by peeling off the bark and soaking it in water for a month, after which the inner fibres can be easily separated. Bast obtained from the inside of the bark of the Tilia japonica tree has been used by the Ainu people of Japan to weave their traditional clothing, the attus . Excavations in Britain have shown that lime tree fibre

2065-639: The inspection period. In late June 2022, after several smaller protests, regular weekly protests of Mirijevo residents against the project began. Mirijevo was badly connected to the rest of the city, mostly through the narrow streets in Zvezdara ( Milana Rakića , Mite Ružića ) bringing heavy traffic to the Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra . In the late 1990s, the idea of constructing the Mirijevo Boulevard ( Serbian : Миријевски булевар , romanized :  Mirijevski bulevar ), in

2124-480: The mass wasting area was reduced in the papers. It was also stated that the present traffic and communal infrastructure is not adequate for present number of inhabitants, let alone for additional 15,000. Despite the claims by the city that the area has been intensively urbanized since the 2000s, in 2022 there were less than 300 inhabitants in the area included in the plan. This area, however, includes small parts of already urbanized neighborhood of Mirijevo IV, so Bajdina

2183-494: The mid 2000s, along the Ljubiše Miodragovića street, as the southernmost extension of Mirijevo. As majority of the original inhabitants were truck or bus drivers, the settlement is colloquially named Šoferski Raj (Chauffeur’s Paradise). It developed without building permits and lacks the basic communal infrastructure like street lights, public transportation, grocery shops, proper power grid, etc. Forested hill of Bajdina

2242-437: The most widely accepted species, hybrids, and cultivars. The Latin tilia is cognate to Greek πτελέᾱ, ptelea , " elm tree ", τιλίαι, tiliai , " black poplar " ( Hes. ), ultimately from a Proto-Indo-European word *ptel-ei̯ā with a meaning of "broad" (feminine); perhaps "broad-leaved" or similar. The genus is generally called "lime" or "linden" in Britain and "linden", "lime", or "basswood" in North America. "Lime"

2301-434: The municipality by the 1953 census was In June 2017, a new community health center was opened. According to the 2002 census of population, Mali Mokri Lug had 22,024 inhabitants. It had a population of 1,600 in 1921 and 10,378 in 1971, before it was attached to Belgrade. Its name can be translated into English as "little wet grove". Likewise, the neighboring Veliki Mokri Lug means "large wet grove". The name originates from

2360-521: The neighborhood. From Koste Nadja Street and along Samuel Beckett and Mikhail Bulgakov Streets, this is the largest of the Mirijevo neighborhoods. One of the largest schools in Belgrade and Serbia, Pavle Savic Elementary School is also located there. The newest parts of the neighborhood extend along the 1,1 kilometer long road connecting Mirijevo to the Smederevski put , a road connecting Belgrade and Smederevo via Belgrade's suburb of Grocka . The road

2419-582: The north-to-south direction was proposed, which would connect Mirijevo to the Višnjička street on the north, thus connecting it to the Rospi Ćuprija, Karaburma , Bogoslovija and further with the downtown. Due to the property ownership problems, the construction dragged for years. Final phase began on 7 February 2011 and was finished in November. It included the construction of the final 1 km (0.62 mi) of

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2478-594: The northern section of the Mokroluški potok valley, which is today used as a route for the Belgrade-Niš highway and divides Mali Mokri Lug and Veliki Mokri Lug. The neighborhood occupies the southern slopes of several hills (Bajdina, Zeleno Brdo, Stojčino Brdo with an altitude of 270 m or 886 ft), descending into the Mokroluški potok's valley, so the entire neighborhood is built downhill. Belgrade's predecessor

2537-482: The northern section of the entire neighborhood, on the both sides of Mirijevski Potok, bordering Ćalije on the north, Zvezdara on the west, Orlovsko Naselje on the north-east, Mirijevo II on the south and Mirijevo III on the south-east. Area is mostly made from individual residential houses, with a population of 7,604 by the 2002 census (including Orlovsko Naselje) and 13,318 in 2011. Central streets are Jovanke Radaković and Vitezova Karađorđeve zvezde . Orthodox church of

2596-459: The other parts of the city in the newly built apartments. In the early 2000s, various alleys of the Orlovska street were named after people who were connected to Romani people, either by their origin or through their work: Django Reinhardt , Yul Brynner , Rabindranath Tagore , Jovan Janićijević Burduš , etc. Population of the settlement is estimated to 900-1,000. Small settlement developed in

2655-401: The park. Eastern part of the neighborhood, entirely residential. Bounded by the streets of Matice srpske on the west and Koste Nađa on the east, it borders Mirijevo II on the west and Mirijevo IV on the south-east. A new Health Center, under construction since the 1990s was finally finished in 2009, while a new kindergarten was also completed in 2008. The latest, south-eastern extension of

2714-444: The presence of numerous water sources, now mostly in the eastern section of Veliki Mokri Lug. Near the highway, a cemetery for both neighborhoods is located ( Mokroluško groblje ). The area is primarily residential, but a major commercial zone developed along Bulevar kralja Aleksandra, with many repair shops, stores, etc. Tilia About 30 Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of trees or bushes, native throughout most of

2773-468: The result is a dense head of abundant foliage. The leaves of all Tilia species are heart-shaped, and most are asymmetrical. The tiny, pea-like fruit hangs attached to a ribbon-like, greenish-yellow bract whose apparent purpose is to launch the ripened seed clusters just a little beyond the parent tree. The flowers of the European and American Tilia species are similar, except the American ones bear

2832-644: The sculptor Grinling Gibbons (1648–1721). The wood is used in marionette - and puppet -making and -carving. Having a fine, light grain and being comparatively light in weight, it has been used for centuries for this purpose; despite the availability of modern alternatives, it remains one of the main materials used as of 2015 . In China, it was also widely used in carving or furniture, interior decorating, handicrafts, etc. Ease of working and good acoustic properties also make limewood popular for electric and bass guitar bodies and for wind instruments such as recorders . Percussion manufacturers sometimes use Tilia as

2891-429: The settlement was 41,407. Movement which gained momentum during the ongoing protest from the local population against construction of the power transformer in the center of the neighborhood from the late 1990s. However, the idea is on hiatus at the moment. Staro Mirijevo (Old Mirijevo) is the oldest part of the neighborhood, area of the former village of Mirijevo and it constitutes a separate local community. It occupies

2950-515: The south-west. Central street, going through the center of the neighborhood is Mirijevski venac while the southern border is marked by the parallel Matice srpske street. In April 2008 grassy area between the Mirijevski venac and Radivoja Markovića streets was projected as the future and first real park in the neighborhood. Park will consist of the linden trees and the existing playgrounds and bocce court will be renovated and become part of

3009-453: The three most productive honeys in China. The dried flowers are mildly sweet and sticky, and the fruit is somewhat sweet and mucilaginous. Linden flower tea has a pleasing taste, due to the aromatic volatile oil found in the flowers. Phytochemicals in the Tilia flowers include flavonoids and tannins with astringent properties. The nectar contains a major secondary metabolite with

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3068-408: The trees can quickly become coated with a film of the syrup ("honeydew") thus dropped from higher up. The ant/aphid "farming" process does not appear to cause any serious damage to the trees. The linden is recommended as an ornamental tree when a mass of foliage or a deep shade is desired. It produces fragrant and nectar-producing flowers and is an important honey plant for beekeepers, giving rise to

3127-402: The trivial name tiliaside (1-[4-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate]-6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranose) which is transformed in the gut of bumblebees to the aglycone (i.e., the gentiobiose group is cleaved) which is bioactive against a common and debilitating gut parasite of bumblebees, Crithidia bombi . This naturally occurring compound may support bees to manage

3186-522: The wife of Henry II of Germany circa 1000. The Tilia of Neuenstadt am Kocher in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, was estimated at 1000 years old when it fell. The Alte Linde tree of Naters, Switzerland, is mentioned in a document in 1357 and described by the writer at that time as already magnam (large). A plaque at its foot mentions that in 1155, a linden tree was already on this spot. The Najevnik linden tree ( Slovene : Najevska lipa ),

3245-467: Was a Celtic and Roman town of Singidunum . While the town's castrum occupied part of today's Belgrade Fortress , Singidunum's civilian zone spread from the modern Kralja Petra Street, over the both Sava and Danube slopes, till the neighborhood of Kosančićev Venac , extending in a series of necropolises from Republic Square , along the Bulevar kralja Aleksandra all the way to Mali Mokri Lug. One of

3304-507: Was opened in 2007 and shortened the trip from suburbs in Grocka direction (like Kaluđerica ) for 11 kilometers. For over a 20 years a beltway circumventing central part of Mirijevo is planned and the construction should began in 2008. It will bypass the neighborhood from Mirijevo IV, through the unurbanized eastern side to the beginning of the Mirijevo boulevard in the southern part of the neighborhood of Ćalije, north of Mirijevo itself. Orlovsko Naselje ( Serbian Cyrillic : Орловско насеље )

3363-832: Was placed in the family Tiliaceae , but genetic research summarised by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group has resulted in the incorporation of this genus, and of most of the previous family, into the Fabaceae . Tilia is the only known ectomycorrhizal genus in the family Malvaceae . Studies of ectomycorrhizal relations of Tilia species indicate a wide range of fungal symbionts and a preference toward Ascomycota fungal partners. Tilia species are mostly large, deciduous trees, reaching typically 20 to 40 m (65 to 130 ft) tall, with oblique-cordate (heart-shaped) leaves 6 to 20 cm ( 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 to 7 + 3 ⁄ 4  in) across. As with elms ,

3422-483: Was preferred for clothing there during the Bronze Age. The Manchu people in the mountains of Northeast China made ropes, baskets, raincoats, large fishing nets, and guide lines for gunpowder from the bast. Similar fibres obtained from other plants are also called bast: see Bast fibre . Tilia is a high-quality wild honey plant. In China, "椴树蜜/ Tilia honey" is produced in the northeast region. White in color, it

3481-437: Was the major reason why this area, with addition of the underground and surface waters problem, wasn't urbanized so far, even by the illegal construction which is corruptive problem of epic proportions in Serbia. All prior city plans described this section as highly unsuitable for construction, with the possibility of intensifying and reactivating mass wasting, which is also mentioned in the plan's accompanying documentation, though

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