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90-458: From 2004 through 2006, the team played in Sedalia, Missouri . In 2007, the team was to move to Saint Joseph, Missouri ; issues with their arena, however, resulted in them playing only road games. In 2008, they played solely as a road team. The team folded after 2008 season. This American football team article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about

180-490: A 3,400-square-foot (320 m ) main gallery with a translucent clerestory , a cantilevered stairway, a two-story atrium , and an open-air sculpture court . It features both permanent displays as well as temporary displays from world-renowned artists. Sedalia is also home to The Pettis County Museum and Historical Society, located at 228 Dundee Ave. The building was once a Jewish Synagogue and features many Historical artifacts from all periods of Pettis County history. It

270-404: A boss, (perhaps the owner), from ten to fifteen hands, each of whom had a string of from five to ten horses; a horse wrangler who handled the horses; and a cook, who drove the chuck wagon. The wagon carried the bedrolls ; tents were considered excess luxury. The men drove and grazed the cattle most of the day, herding them by relays at night. Ten or twelve miles was considered a good day's drive, as

360-427: A day. Violence and ebullient spirits called forth a kind of "peace officer" that cattle towns made famous—the town marshal. James Butler Hickok , Wyatt Earp , and Bat Masterson were among the best-known cattle town marshals. The number of killings was, however, small by the standards of eastern cities. Expansion of the cattle industry resulted in the need for additional open range . Thus many ranchers expanded into

450-492: A definite destination and without much financial success. Cattle were also driven to the old but limited New Orleans market, following mostly well-established trails to the wharves of Shreveport and Jefferson, Texas . In 1868, David Morrill Poor, a former Confederate officer from San Antonio, drove 1,100 cattle from east of San Angelo into Mexico over the Chihuahua Trail . This event, the "Great Chihuahua Cattle Drive,"

540-553: A demand for beef and provided people with the cash to pay for it. Thus, though most cattle were obtained from Mexico, very long drives were attempted. Even the Australians began cattle drives to ports for shipment of beef to San Francisco and, after freezing methods were developed, all the way to Britain. In 1853 the Italian aristocrat Leonetto Cipriani  [ fr ] undertook a drive from St. Louis to San Francisco along

630-480: A dollar per head to drive a herd northward to a railroad, and thus with these simple economics, the long drive and the cattle bonanza got its start. During the spring and summer of 1866, some 260,000 head followed the trail to Sedalia, Missouri, the terminus of the Missouri Pacific Railroad ." (McComb, 1989, p.84). For nearly a century, Sedalia's economy was tied to the railroads. By the end of

720-464: A few days. Because of the significance of the cattle drive in American history, some working ranches have turned their seasonal drives into tourist events, inviting guests in a manner akin to a guest ranch to participate in moving the cattle from one feeding ground to the next. While horses are still used in many places, particularly where there is rough or mountainous terrain, the all-terrain vehicle

810-553: A hard-living trail boss with Jack Lemmon as a citified "tenderfoot" who joins the drive. The long running TV show Rawhide (1959–1965), starring Eric Fleming and Clint Eastwood , dealt with drovers taking 3000 head along the Sedalia trail from San Antonio, Texas to the railhead at Sedalia. Episode four of the 1970s miniseries Centennial , titled The Longhorns , featured a cattle drive from central Texas to northeastern Colorado. The 1980s miniseries Lonesome Dove , based on

900-418: A home ranch to a railhead . The Chisholm Trail , for example, was 1,000 miles (1,600 km) long. On average, a single herd of cattle on a long drive (for example, Texas to Kansas railheads) numbered about 3,000 head. To herd the cattle, a crew of at least 10 cowboys was needed, with three horses per cowboy. Cowboys worked in shifts to watch the cattle 24 hours a day, herding them in the proper direction in

990-432: A margin of error of +/- $ 2,806) and the median family income was $ 55,083 (+/- $ 4,958). Males had a median income of $ 31,223 (+/- $ 1,860) versus $ 21,210 (+/- $ 2,076) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $ 26,397 (+/- $ 1,258). Approximately, 12.2% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 24.3% of those under the age of 18 and 11.1% of those ages 65 or over. As of

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1080-567: A ranch near Deer Lodge, Montana from former Canadian fur trader Johnny Grant. At its peak, Kohrs owned 50,000 head of cattle, grazing on 10 million acres (4 million hectares ) spread across four states and two Canadian Provinces, and shipped 10,000 head annually to the Union Stock Yards in Chicago. Later, however, continued overgrazing , combined with drought and the exceptionally severe winter of 1886–1887 wiped out much of

1170-401: A single day, they would lose so much weight that they would be hard to sell when they reached the end of the trail. Usually they were taken shorter distances each day, allowed periods to rest and graze both at midday and at night. On average, a herd could maintain a healthy weight moving about 15 miles (24 km) per day. Such a pace meant that it would take as long as two months to travel from

1260-647: A sports team in Missouri is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Sedalia, Missouri Sedalia is a city located approximately 30 miles (50 kilometers) south of the Missouri River and, as the county seat of Pettis County , Missouri , United States, it is the principal city of the Sedalia Micropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2020 census , the city had a total population of 21,725. Sedalia

1350-763: A theater in downtown Sedalia, on December 5, 2008. It was shown again in December 2009 with an improved script and a slightly altered cast. Cattle drives in the United States#Texas roots Cattle drives were a major economic activity in the 19th and early 20th century American West , particularly between 1850s and 1910s. In this period, 27 million cattle were driven from Texas to railheads in Kansas , for shipment to stockyards in St. Louis and points east, and direct to Chicago . The long distances covered,

1440-535: A thriving musical culture. It fostered the development of many artists, including the renowned ragtime composer Scott Joplin . While the city attracted many commercial travelers and railroad workers, its population of married couples and families also grew. By 1900 its population of more than 15,000 made it the sixth-largest city in the state. The entrepreneurial middle class created more formal separations between its residential areas and those of working class whites and African Americans . During World War II ,

1530-697: Is also the location of the Missouri State Fair and the Scott Joplin International Ragtime Festival. U.S. Routes 50 and 65 intersect in the city. Indigenous peoples lived along the Missouri River and its tributaries for thousands of years before European contact. Historians believe the entire area around Sedalia was long occupied by the Osage (among historical American Indian tribes). When

1620-604: Is also used. When cattle are required to move longer distances, they are shipped via truck. In 1969, spearheaded by attorney Roslyn Chasan , the Great Western Land & Cattle Co. led the last overland cattle drive from Bluewater , New Mexico to Pagosa Springs , Colorado . Events intended to promote the western lifestyle may incorporate cattle drives. For example, the Great Montana Centennial Cattle Drive of 1989 celebrated

1710-404: Is another account: In 1856 General Smith bought the land upon which Sedalia now stands, and founded the city. He named it after his daughter Sarah, familiarly known as "Sed". Smith remarked that he had previously named a flatboat for her elder sister Martha. He first chose the name Sedville but changed it to Sedalia, following the suggestion of a friend, Josiah Dent, of St. Louis. Dent suggested

1800-608: Is celebrated through favorite holiday and patriotic songs, as well as choreographed dance numbers. This musical is set in Sedalia. Imhauser, a member of the Board of the Liberty Center Arts Association, created the show in 2008, basing it on her own knowledge, extensive research of Sedalia's history and from her book All Along Ohio Street . The musical was first performed in the Liberty Center,

1890-409: Is currently open on Friday and Saturday from 1:00pm to 4:00pm, and by appointment at other times. Since 1901, the Missouri State Fair has been held in Sedalia every August, with the exception of 1943 and 1944 because of World War II. Many singers and actors make the annual trip to the fair. Ronald Reagan , George W. Bush and other presidents have given speeches on the fairgrounds, though not during

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1980-460: Is used by bikers, walkers and horseback riders. This has been the largest new trail developed in the nation among the late 20th-century federal and state " Rails to Trails " projects. During the Civil War , the U.S. Army had a small garrison in the area, adding to its boomtown atmosphere of accelerated development as merchants and traders attracted to the military business came to the area. In

2070-601: The California Trail ; he returned to Europe in 1855 with large profits. In 1853-1854, together with his business partner, Washington Malone, Tom Candy Ponting drove the first herd of Texas Longhorn cattle from Texas to New York City , the longest cattle drive in American history. In the early years of the American Civil War , Texans drove cattle into the Confederate states for the use of

2160-474: The Chisholm Trail , named for Jesse Chisholm who marked out the route. It ran through present-day Oklahoma , which then was Indian Territory , but there were relatively few conflicts with Native Americans, who usually allowed cattle herds to pass through for a toll of ten cents a head. Later, other trails forked off to different railheads, including those at Dodge City and Wichita, Kansas . By 1877,

2250-803: The Red River at Red River Station, Texas. The extension of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway to Caldwell, Kansas , in 1880, however, again made the Chisholm Trail a most important route for driving Texas cattle to the North, and it retained this position until the building of additional trunk lines of railway south into Texas caused rail shipments to take the place of the former trail driving of Texas cattle north to market. The cattle towns flourished between 1866 and 1890 as railroads reached towns suitable for gathering and shipping cattle. The first

2340-533: The State Fair Community College campus, is home to the works of many famous artists including Dale Chihuly (1941–), Sam Francis (1923–1994), Helen Frankenthaler (1928–), Sol LeWitt (1928–2007), Robert Motherwell (1915–1991), Julian Schnabel (1951–), and Andy Warhol (1928–1987). The 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m ) museum, designed by St. Louis-based Gunn & Smith Architects, features three stories of gallery space—including

2430-627: The Statue of Liberty , which were known collectively as the "Little Sisters of Liberty", to various communities in 39 states. The project was the brainchild of the Scout Commissioner of the (then) Kansas City Area Council, Kansas City businessman J.P. Whitaker. One of the 200 replicas was donated to Sedalia; and it was installed at the County Courthouse. A Sedalia Christmas is a multi-media play written in celebration of

2520-519: The census of 2010, there were 21,387 people, 8,850 households, and 5,226 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,609.3 inhabitants per square mile (621.4/km ). There were 9,979 housing units at an average density of 750.9 per square mile (289.9/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 85.3% White , 5.2% African American , 0.5% Native American , 0.7% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 5.2% from other races , and 3.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.0% of

2610-423: The postbellum period, two railroads were constructed connecting it to other locations, and Sedalia grew at a rapid pace, with the rough energy of travelers and cowboys. From 1866 to 1874, it was a railhead terminus for cattle drives , and stockyards occupied a large area. At the same time, the town established schools (racially segregated for white and black children), churches, and other civic amenities. Sedalia

2700-511: The prisoners of war and moved on, leaving Sedalia to itself. While the Civil War delayed development of the town in some respects, Sedalia was the terminus of the railroad for three years. Once the war was over, many of the thousands of Union soldiers who had been stationed more or less permanently at Sedalia and recognized its potential, made the choice to migrate there from their former homes in other areas. The population grew rapidly. In

2790-463: The 1840s. But by 1853, as 3,000 cattle were trailed through western Missouri, local farmers blocked their passage and forced herds to turn back because the Longhorns carried ticks that carried Texas fever . Texas cattle were immune to this disease; but the ticks that they left behind infected the local cattle. By 1855 farmers in western and central Missouri formed vigilance committees, stopped some of

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2880-466: The 1850s, emigration and freighting from the Missouri River westward also caused a rise in demand for oxen . In 1858, the firm of Russell, Majors and Waddell utilized about 40,000 oxen . Longhorns were trained by the thousands for work oxen. Herds of longhorns also were driven to Chicago, and at least one herd was driven all the way to New York. The gold boom in California in the 1850s also created

2970-455: The 1990s. Sedalia is home to the nation's first sheltered workshop , which opened in 1965. The expansion of the railroad and cattle drives in the late 19th century brought many male laborers to the rough town on the frontier. It sparked the related rise of a notorious " red light district ", with numerous prostitutes who did business with the men in saloons and brothels, which also featured musical entertainments. As more families settled in

3060-649: The 19th century, the MK&;T had numerous buildings and a wide variety of workers in the city: the MK&T shops, stockyards , roundhouse , and the hospital for employees working in the Sedalia Division were among the Katy's properties in Sedalia. After the KATY reduced its operations in the 20th century, its railroad right-of-way through much of Missouri was converted to a 240-mile multi-use trail. The KATY Trail

3150-458: The Christmas traditions and celebrations of Sedalia from 1866 to 1969. It was written by Rebecca Imhauser, a Sedalia native. Local actors and actresses portray Sedalians and the events that shaped their lives. Historic photos are projected during the play to represent pivotal time frames, with an emphasis on Christmas during the depression and World War II eras. Sedalia's Christmas heritage

3240-569: The Civil War, the Shawnee Trail was virtually unused. Texas cattle numbers grew significantly in that period, and after the war could not be sold for more than $ 2 a head in Texas. By 1866 an estimated 200,000 to 260,000 surplus cattle were available. In 1865 at the end of the Civil War, Philip Danforth Armour opened a meat packing plant in Chicago known as Armour and Company , and with

3330-646: The Confederate Army. In October, 1862 a Union naval patrol on the southern Mississippi River captured 1,500 head of Longhorns which had been destined for Confederate military posts in Louisiana. The permanent loss of the main cattle supply after the Union gained control of the Mississippi River in 1863 was a serious blow to the Confederate Army. The war blocked access to eastern markets. During

3420-535: The Dakotas in the 1880s, Will Rogers , the leading humorist of the 1920s, and Indiana-born Andy Adams (1859–1935), who spent the 1880s and 1890s in the cattle industry and mining in the Great Plains and Southwest. When an 1898 play's portrayal of Texans outraged Adams, he started writing plays, short stories, and novels drawn from his own experiences. His The Log of a Cowboy (1903) became a classic novel about

3510-648: The State Fair. In 1974, the Missouri State Fairgrounds was the site of the Ozark Music Festival , one of the largest but least remembered major music festivals of the 1970s. While the plan was for the pop/rock/bluegrass festival's selling about 50,000 tickets, an influx of about 184,000 fans and many rock bands strained the capacity of the fairgrounds and the city. Some estimates put the crowd count at 350,000. It counts as one of

3600-421: The age of 18 living with them, 44.0% were married couples living together, 12.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.94. In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.7% under

3690-461: The age of 18, 10.8% from 18 to 24, 27.7% from 25 to 44, 19.4% from 45 to 64, and 17.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.3 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 28,641, and the median income for a family was $ 34,938. Males had a median income of $ 28,208 versus $ 19,520 for females. The per capita income for

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3780-494: The area, they made the culture more stable, creating institutions such as schools and churches. In the late 20th century, structural changes in the railroads meant the loss of many industrial jobs, but the city has held on to a population close to its 1960 peak while developing new bases for the economy. The city is informally known as the "Trailer Capital of the Midwest", due to the high number of trailer manufacturers and dealers in

3870-470: The area. Residents have emphasized the colorful history of the town for heritage tourism, and identified many significant historic structures for state and national recognition. According to The History of the Boy Scouts of America (William D. Murray, 1937), the first Boy Scout Troop in Missouri (and one of the first in the nation) was formed in Sedalia in 1909, a year before the national organization

3960-523: The cattle business, especially the cattle drive. It described a fictional drive of the Circle Dot herd from Texas to Montana in 1882, and became a leading source on cowboy life; historians retraced his path in the 1960s, confirming his basic accuracy. His writing is acclaimed and criticized for both its fidelity to truth and lack of literary qualities. Cattle drives were a major plot element of many Hollywood films and television shows, particularly during

4050-443: The cattle had to thrive on the route. They ate grass; the men had bread, meat, beans with bacon, and coffee. Wages were about $ 40 a month, paid when the herd was sold. The Chisholm Trail decreased in importance after 1871 when, as a result of the westward advance of settlement, Abilene lost its preeminence as a shipping point for Texas cattle. Dodge City, Kansas became the chief shipping point for another trail farther west, crossing

4140-572: The change for the sake of euphony. The area that became the European-American city of Sedalia was founded by General George Rappeen Smith (1804–1879), who also founded nearby Smithton, Missouri . He filed plans for the official record on November 30, 1857, and gave the area the name Sedville . The original plat included the land from today's Missouri Pacific Railroad south to Third Street. The version jointly filed by General Smith and David W. Bouldin on October 16, 1860, displayed

4230-408: The city extending from Clay Street to the north and to Smith Street (today's Third Street) in the south, and from Missouri Street in the west to Washington Street in the east; and, although Smith and Bouldin predicted that the city would grow to the north, it grew in a southern direction. Following a victory for those proposing the "ridge route" for the railway over those advocating the "river route",

4320-406: The city was $ 15,931. 15.3% of the population and 12.5% of families were below the poverty line . Out of the total population, 20.8% of those under the age of 18 and 10.5% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. The Sedalia Public Library was the first Carnegie Grant awarded in Missouri. The Board of Trustees received word of the $ 50,000 grant in the fall of 1899. After securing

4410-550: The city was retarded [during that time]. Sentiment in the county was about evenly divided. On October 15, 1864, Shelby's Confederate cavalry brigade surrounded the Union post of Sedalia. The post commander, Colonel John D. Crawford, fled. Captain Oscar B. Queen of Company M, 7th Cavalry, Missouri State Militia , surrendered the post shortly thereafter. Missouri State Guard Brigadier-General M. Jeff Thompson subsequently paroled

4500-457: The closest point that railroad tracks reached, which at that time was Sedalia, Missouri . However, farmers in eastern Kansas , still concerned that transient animals would trample crops and transmit cattle fever to local cattle, formed groups that threatened to beat or shoot cattlemen found on their lands. Therefore, the 1866 drive failed to reach the railroad and the cattle herds were sold for low prices. There were other drives northward without

4590-403: The daytime and watching them at night to prevent stampedes and deter theft. The crew also included a cook , who drove a chuck wagon , usually pulled by oxen , and a horse wrangler to take charge of the remuda (spare horses). The wrangler on a cattle drive was often a very young cowboy or one of lower social status, but the cook was a particularly well-respected member of the crew, as not only

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4680-414: The era when westerns were popular. One of the most famous movies is Red River (1948) directed by Howard Hawks , and starring John Wayne and Montgomery Clift . Like many such films, Red River tended to exaggerate the dangers and disasters of cattle driving. More recently, the movie City Slickers (1990) was about a guest ranch -based cattle drive. In the 1958 film Cowboy , Glenn Ford stars as

4770-471: The expansion of the meat packing industry , the demand for beef increased significantly. By 1866, cattle could be sold to northern markets for as much as $ 40 per head, making it potentially profitable for cattle, particularly from Texas , to be herded long distances to market. The first large-scale effort to drive cattle from Texas to the nearest railhead for shipment to Chicago occurred in 1866, when many Texas ranchers banded together to drive their cattle to

4860-462: The extensive treatment of cattle drives in fiction and film, the horse has become the worldwide iconic image of the American West, where cattle drives still occur. Cattle drives represented a compromise between the desire to get cattle to market as quickly as possible and the need to maintain the animals at a marketable weight. While cattle could be driven as far as 25 miles (40 km) in

4950-432: The field, and fascinating on the movie screen. Increasingly the public identified the cowboy with courage and devotion to duty, for he tended cattle wherever he had to go, whether in bogs of quicksand; swift, flooding rivers; or seemingly inaccessible brush. He rode with lightning and blizzard, ate hot summer sand, and was burned by the sun. Theodore Roosevelt conceptualized the herder as a stage of civilization distinct from

5040-623: The herds were shipped to the Chicago stockyards. Many smaller towns along the way supported open range lands. Many of the cow towns were enlivened by buffalo hunters, railroad construction gangs, and freighting outfits during their heyday. Cattle owners made these towns headquarters for buying and selling. Cowboys, after months of monotonous work, dull food, and abstinence of all kinds, were paid off and turned loose. They howled, got shaved and shorn, bought new clothes and gear. They drank " white mule " straight. Madams and gambling hall operators flourished in towns that were wide open twenty-four hours

5130-403: The herds, killed any Texas cattle that entered their counties, and a law, effective in December of that year, was passed, banning diseased cattle from being brought into or through the state. Therefore, drovers took their herds up through the eastern edge of Kansas; but there, too, they met opposition from farmers, who induced their territorial legislature to pass a protective law in 1859. During

5220-525: The industry, who banked, used lawyers, etc., in town. Residents were reluctant to raise taxes and services were provided from the fines charged to prostitutes. In the 1870s brothels were distributed throughout the city, but in the 1890s, they became more concentrated above businesses on West Main Street, as the middle class tried to isolate less desirable elements in town. These establishments also employed musicians, particularly piano players, contributing to

5310-470: The interior of Ohio to Philadelphia. As early as 1836, ranchers in Texas began to drive cattle along a "Beef Trail" to New Orleans . In the 1840s, cattle drives expanded northward into Missouri. The towns of Sedalia , Baxter Springs , Springfield , and St. Louis became principal markets. The Shawnee Trail, also known as the Texas Road or Texas trail, played a significant role in Texas as early as

5400-537: The land was first settled by European Americans, bands of Shawnee , who had migrated from east of the Mississippi River, lived in the vicinity of Sedalia. Until the city was incorporated in 1860 as Sedalia, it had existed only "on paper" from November 30, 1857, to October 16, 1860. According to local lore, the town council changed the name from Sedville to Sedalia in part because "towns that end in -ville don't amount to anything." (Lawrence Ditton Sr.). Here

5490-729: The largest music events (Rock Festivals) in history. The festival, hosted by Wolfman Jack , took out a full-page ad in Rolling Stone magazine and attracted people from outside the region. The following Sedalia locations have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places : In 1950, to celebrate its fortieth anniversary—which had the theme of " Strengthen the Arm of Liberty " —the Boy Scouts of America donated two hundred 8 ft 6in (260 cm) copper replicas of

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5580-628: The largest of the cattle-shipping boom towns, Dodge City, Kansas, shipped out 500,000 head of cattle. Other major cattle trails, moving successively westward, were established. In 1867 the Goodnight-Loving Trail opened up New Mexico and Colorado to Texas cattle. By the tens of thousands cattle were soon driven into Arizona. In Texas itself cattle raising expanded rapidly as American tastes shifted from pork to beef. Caldwell, Dodge City, Ogallala, Cheyenne, and other towns became famous because of trail-driver patronage. The Chisholm Trail

5670-464: The late 19th century, Sedalia was well known as a center of vice, especially prostitution, which accompanied its large floating class of railroad workers and commercial travelers. In 1877 the St. Louis Post-Dispatch called Sedalia the " Sodom and Gomorrah of the nineteenth century." Middle-class businessmen made money off illegal prostitution as building owners and lessees; others did business with people in

5760-435: The micropolitan area has four seasons. Springs in Sedalia are noted for their rainy days and variable temperatures. Thunderstorms are common and tornadoes occur during this time of year. Summers are usually hot and humid, with droughts occurring during several summers. Autumns are usually cool and rainy, although several days of warm weather are not uncommon. Winters are generally cold, with snow accumulating several days of

5850-696: The military built Sedalia Glider Base in Johnson County to the west. After the war, this facility was transferred to the Strategic Air Command . It was converted to a bomber base, the Whiteman Air Force Base , named after 2nd Lt. George A. Whiteman, an Army Air Corps pilot who was killed during the 1941 Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . After a massive construction program, the base became the center of 150 ICBM silos and administrative offices. These were decommissioned in

5940-546: The need for a new trail that would skirt the farm settlements and thus avoid the trouble over tick fever. In 1867 a young Illinois livestock dealer, Joseph G. McCoy, built market facilities at Abilene, Kansas, at the terminus of Chisholm Trail. The new route to the west of the Shawnee soon began carrying the bulk of the Texas herds, leaving the earlier trail to dwindle for a few years and expire. The typical drive comprised 1,500–2,500 head of cattle. The typical outfit consisted of

6030-724: The need for periodic rests by riders and animals, and the establishment of railheads led to the development of "cow towns" across the frontier. According to the Kraisingers, "...four Texas-based cattle trails - the Shawnee Trail System , the Goodnight Trail System , the Eastern/Chisholm Trail System , and The Western Trail System - were used to drive cattle north during the forty-year period between 1846 and 1886." Due to

6120-605: The northwest, where there were still large tracts of unsettled grassland. Texas cattle were herded north, into the Rocky Mountains and Dakotas . In 1866, Nelson Story used the Bozeman Trail to successfully drive about 1000 head of Longhorn into the Gallatin Valley of Montana. Individual cattle barons such as Conrad Kohrs built up significant ranches in the northern Rockies. In 1866, Kohrs purchased

6210-588: The open range cattle business in Montana and the upper Great Plains. Following these events, ranchers began to use barbed wire to enclose their ranches and protect their own grazing lands from intrusions by others' animals. In the 1890s, herds were still occasionally driven from the Panhandle of Texas to Montana. However, railroads had expanded to cover most of the nation, and meat packing plants were built closer to major ranching areas, making long cattle drives to

6300-413: The population was under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.5 years. For every 100 females, the population had 97.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 91.9 males. The 2016-2020 5-year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $ 42,152 (with

6390-442: The population. There were 8,850 households, of which 31.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 40.9% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

6480-550: The property on which to build, and having gained voter approval of a tax to support the library, the Board laid the cornerstone in 1900. The building was completed in July 1901. Dedicated in 1901, the library is listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Sedalia is home to the Daum Museum of Contemporary Art , named after its primary benefactor, Sedalia radiologist and art collector Harold Daum . The museum, located on

6570-428: The railheads unnecessary. Smaller cattle drives continued at least into the 1940s, as ranchers, prior to the development of the modern cattle truck , still needed to herd cattle to local railheads for transport to stockyards and packing plants. Today, cattle drives are primarily used to round up cattle within the boundaries of a ranch and to move them from one pasture to another, a process that generally lasts at most

6660-625: The railway reached Sedalia in January 1861. Sedalia's early prosperity was directly related to the railroad industry. Many jobs were associated with men maintaining tracks and operating large and varied machine shops run by both the Missouri Pacific and the Missouri-Kansas-Texas Railroad lines. The Missouri-Kansas & Texas Railroad was widely known as the "KATY", from its "K-T" stock exchange code. Sedalia

6750-416: The sedentary farmer—a classic theme well expressed in the 1944 Broadway hit " Oklahoma! "—Roosevelt argued that the manhood typified by the cowboy—and outdoor activity and sports generally—was essential if American men were to avoid the softness and rot produced by an easy life in the city. The cow towns along the trail were notorious for providing liquor to the cowboys; they usually were not allowed to drink on

6840-586: The seven Pentecostal Churches there. The 2020 United States census counted 21,725 people, 8,750 households, and 5,056 families in Sedalia. The population density was 1,520.3 per square mile (587.2/km ). There were 10,109 housing units at an average density of 707.4 per square mile (273.2/km ). The racial makeup was 77.12% (16,754) white , 5.37% (1,166) black or African-American , 0.67% (145) Native American , 0.8% (173) Asian , 0.35% (76) Pacific Islander , 6.85% (1,488) from other races , and 8.85% (1,923) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race

6930-599: The state of Montana's centennial and raised money for a college scholarship fund as 2,400 people (including some working cowboys), 200 wagons and 2,800 cattle traveled 50 miles in six days from Roundup to Billings along a major highway. Similar drives have been sponsored since that time. The cowboy's distinctive working gear, most of it derived from the Mexican vaquero , captured the public image. High-crowned cowboy hat , high-heeled boots , leather chaps , pistol, rifle, lariat , and spurs were functional and necessary in

7020-460: The trail itself. During three decades it had moved over ten million cattle and one million range horses, stamped the entire West with its character, given economic and personality prestige to Texas, made the longhorn historic, glorified the cowboy over the globe, and endowed America with its most romantic tradition relating to any occupation. The best known writers of the era include Theodore Roosevelt , who spent much of his inheritance ranching in

7110-492: The winter season. Although not as common, ice storms occur as well. Sedalia had a population of around 300 people in 1860, and what was described as a "bona fide population" of around 1,000 in 1865. Sedalia has recently become home to many immigrants from Russia or former Soviet bloc nations, who may account for up to 15% of the population. Most of the Russian and Ukrainian immigrants who live in Sedalia are members of one of

7200-726: Was Abilene, Kansas . Other towns in Kansas, including Wichita and Dodge City , succeeded Abilene or shared its patronage by riders fresh off the long trail. In the 1880s Dodge City boasted of being the "cowboy capital of the world." Communities in other states, including Ogallala, Nebraska ; Cheyenne, Wyoming ; Miles City, Montana ; and Medora, North Dakota , served the trade as well. Amarillo , Fort Worth , and Wichita Falls , all in Texas ; Prescott, Arizona , Greeley, Colorado , and Las Vegas, New Mexico were regionally important. The most famous cattle towns like Abilene were railheads, where

7290-475: Was 1,700.8 inhabitants per square mile (656.7/km ). There were 9,419 housing units at an average density of 787.6 per square mile (304.1/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 88.6% White , 5.0% African American , 0.4% Asian , 0.4% Native American , <0.1% Pacific Islander , 3.8% from other races , and 1.9% from two or more races. 5.6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 8,628 households, out of which 28.8% had children under

7380-405: Was 12.9% (2,794) of the population. Of the 8,750 households, 25.5% had children under the age of 18; 41.0% were married couples living together; 32.0% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 36.7% consisted of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.4 and the average family size was 3.1. 24.6% of

7470-464: Was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 34.6 years. 25% of residents were under the age of 18; 11% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26% were from 25 to 44; 23% were from 45 to 64; and 15% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48% male and 52% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 20,339 people in the city, organized into 8,628 households and 5,228 families. The population density

7560-466: Was an important railhead for the massive Texas cattle drive of 1866 . It maintained stockyards to receive cattle from drives and shipping through much of the 19th century. Chicago slaughterhouses were willing to pay almost any price [for beef]— longhorns were worth three to four dollars each on the Llano Estacado while in Chicago a steer was worth ten times that amount. It cost about

7650-641: Was he in charge of the food, he also was in charge of medical supplies and had a working knowledge of practical medicine . Long-distance cattle driving was traditional in Mexico, California, and Texas, and horse herds were sometimes similarly driven. The Spaniards had established the ranching industry in the New World and had begun driving herds northward from Mexico beginning in the 1540s. Small Spanish settlements in Texas derived much of their revenue from horses and cattle driven into Louisiana, though such trade

7740-417: Was made a military post early in the war and remained such until its close in 1865. For this reason it was an active theater of operations for military supplies and an objective point for capture by "the boys in gray." Confederate raids into Pettis County , and the offensive and defensive activities of Union troops against them, kept the inhabitants of Sedalia in [a] high state of excitement. The progress of

7830-542: Was officially chartered on February 8, 1910. On October 24, 2021, a EF0 tornado touched down east of Sedalia. It is the most recent tornado to strike Sedalia. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 13.32 square miles (34.50 km ), of which 13.29 square miles (34.42 km ) is land and 0.03 square miles (0.08 km ) is water. Sedalia has a typical temperate climate. As with most continental climates,

7920-518: Was the largest cattle drive attempted over that trail up to that time, but the market was much better in Kansas than in Mexico, so most drives headed north. By 1867, a cattle shipping facility owned by Joseph G. McCoy opened in Abilene, Kansas . Built west of farm country and close to the railhead at Abilene, the town became a center of cattle shipping, loading over 36,000 head of cattle in its first year. The route from Texas to Abilene became known as

8010-451: Was the most important route for cattle drives leading north from the vicinity of Ft. Worth, Texas, across Indian Territory (Oklahoma) to the railhead at Abilene. It was about 520 miles long and generally followed the line of the ninety-eighth meridian , but never had an exact location, as different drives took somewhat different paths. With six states enacting laws in the first half of 1867 against trailing cattle north, Texas cattlemen realized

8100-561: Was usually illegal. Most cattle driving routes in the United States were shorter. For example, early 19th-century Pennsylvania cattle drovers travelled to Philadelphia on the Conestoga Road and Lancaster Pike , which ended near the present site of 30th Street Station . Relatively long-distance herding of hogs was also common. In 1815 Timothy Flint "encountered a drove of more than 1,000 cattle and swine" being driven from

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