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74-545: Download coordinates as: Muttaburra / ˈ m ʌ t ə b ʌr ə / is an outback town and locality in the Barcaldine Region , Queensland , Australia. Muttaburra was the discovery site of the Muttaburrasaurus , one of Australia's most famous dinosaurs. In the 2021 census , the locality of Muttaburra had a population of 158 people. Muttaburra is in the central west of Queensland. The town

148-650: A library at 20 Bruford Street. The Muttaburra branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association has its rooms at 33 Edkins Street. All Saints Anglican Church is at 25 Sword Street ( 22°35′43″S 144°32′44″E  /  22.595402°S 144.5455°E  / -22.595402; 144.5455  ( All Saints Anglican Church ) ). St Joseph's Catholic Church is at 26 Sword Street ( 22°35′42″S 144°32′44″E  /  22.595023°S 144.5456°E  / -22.595023; 144.5456  ( St Joseph's Catholic Church ) ). There

222-470: A long way from anywhere, or a long way away. The well-watered north of the continent is often called the " Top End " and the arid interior "The Red Centre", owing to its vast amounts of red soil and sparse greenery amongst its landscape. The outback is criss-crossed by historic tracks. Most of the major highways have an excellent bitumen surface and other major roads are usually well-maintained dirt roads. The Stuart Highway runs from north to south through

296-540: A number of heritage-listed sites, including: In 2017, the 4732 postcode (which includes Muttaburra) was one of the lowest 10 postcodes by income level in Australia, with an average income of $ 21,415. Muttaburra State School is a government primary (Early Childhood-6) school for boys and girls at 42 Sword Street ( 22°35′42″S 144°32′37″E  /  22.5949°S 144.5436°E  / -22.5949; 144.5436  ( Muttaburra State School ) ). In 2018,

370-542: Is a Primary Health Care Centre for minor treatments and care, as well as ambulance services and 24/7 emergency on-call services. Muttaburra relies on the hospital in Longreach or Townsville plus the Royal Flying Doctor service . Muttaburra has a range of sporting activities and facilities including fishing, rodeo, a 25-metre (82 ft) swimming pool, shooting range, tennis courts and race course. There

444-648: Is a major component of national tourism incomes. Tourism Australia explicitly markets nature-based and Indigenous-led experiences to tourists. In the 2015–2016 financial year, 815,000 visitors spent $ 988 million while on holidays in the Northern Territory alone. There are many popular tourist attractions in the Outback. Some of the well known destinations include Devils Marbles , Kakadu National Park , Kata Tjuta (The Olgas), MacDonnell Ranges and Uluru (Ayers Rock) . Other than agriculture and tourism,

518-591: Is a major problem in rural areas of South Sudan . In the state of Jonglei , cattle raids in August 2011 left around 600 people dead. Once again in January 2012, ethnic clashes related to cattle theft killed between 2,000 and 3,000 people and displaced as many as 34,500 in the area around Pibor . Cattle rustling is common in Nigeria . The theft of sheep, goats and cows along with tractors and irrigation equipment,

592-522: Is an 18-hole golf course on the Cramsie Muttaburra Road ( 22°34′29″S 144°31′50″E  /  22.5748°S 144.5306°E  / -22.5748; 144.5306  ( Muttaburra Golf Club ) ). It is open to the public. The Muttaburra Racecourse is on Racecourse Road ( 22°36′25″S 144°32′30″E  /  22.6070°S 144.5416°E  / -22.6070; 144.5416  ( Muttaburra Racecourse ) ). Due to

666-452: Is claimed that the saloon, named after the nearby Black Stump Run and Black Stump Creek, was an important staging post for traffic to north-west New South Wales and it became a marker by which people gauged their journeys. "The Never-Never " is a term referring to remoter parts of the Outback. The Outback can also be referred to as "back of beyond" or "back o' Bourke ", although these terms are more frequently used when referring to something

740-622: Is considerable. Major mines and mining areas in the Outback include opals at Coober Pedy , Lightning Ridge and White Cliffs , metals at Broken Hill , Tennant Creek , Olympic Dam and the remote Challenger Mine . Oil and gas are extracted in the Cooper Basin around Moomba . In Western Australia the Argyle diamond mine in the Kimberley was once the world's biggest producer of natural diamonds and contributed approximately one-third of

814-430: Is full of very important well-adapted wildlife, although much of it may not be immediately visible to the casual observer. Many animals, such as red kangaroos and dingoes , hide in bushes to rest and keep cool during the heat of the day. Birdlife is prolific, most often seen at waterholes at dawn and dusk. Huge flocks of budgerigars , cockatoos , corellas and galahs are often sighted. On bare ground or roads during

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888-513: Is in Outback Australia, was fully certified as organic farm production, making Australia the largest certified organic production area in the world. Tourism is a major industry across the Outback, and commonwealth and state tourism agencies explicitly target Outback Australia as a desirable destination for domestic and international travellers. There is no breakdown of tourism revenues for the "Outback" per se . However, regional tourism

962-601: Is located on the banks of the Thomson River , which is part of the Lake Eyre drainage basin . The Hughenden–Muttaburra Road enters from the north and exits as Muttaburra–Aramac Road to the east. The region is with a sub-basin of the Great Artesian Basin . The Great Artesian Basin supplies water from bores to the towns of Muttaburra and Aramac . The area is well known for its good quality land that

1036-422: Is more remote than the bush . While often envisaged as being arid , the Outback regions extend from the northern to southern Australian coastlines and encompass a number of climatic zones, including tropical and monsoonal climates in northern areas, arid areas in the "red centre" and semi-arid and temperate climates in southerly regions. The total population is estimated at 607,000 people. Geographically,

1110-626: Is open for business again. Originally a drover's cottage was situated alongside the family's general store; it was built in 1903 and purchased by George Cassimatis in 1934. 90 men and women from the Muttaburra district served in some capacity in the First World War. In 2015 a new memorial was designed and installed by J.H. Wagner & Sons. The front face of the memorial has three bronze sculpture badges for Australian Army, Australian Navy and Australian Air Force. The Muttaburra branch of

1184-661: Is quite ancient, first attested over seven thousand years ago, and is one of the oldest-known aspects of Proto-Indo-European culture , being seen in inscriptions on artifacts such as the Norse Golden Horns of Gallehus and in works such as the Old Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge ("Cattle Raid of Cooley "), the paṇis of the Rigveda , the Mahabharata cattle raids and cattle rescues; and

1258-597: Is relied on for mail delivery in some areas, owing to sparse settlement and wet-season road closures. Most outback mines have an airstrip and many have a fly-in fly-out workforce. Most outback sheep stations and cattle stations have an airstrip and quite a few have their own light plane. Medical and ambulance services are provided by the Royal Flying Doctor Service . In 2024 two Regional, Rural and Remote air lines collapsed, namely Bonza and REX . Cattle duffing The act of cattle-raiding

1332-403: Is used for sheep and cattle grazing. The main industry of the Muttaburra area is grazing. The undeveloped town of Scarrbury is within the locality ( 22°56′00″S 144°42′00″E  /  22.9333°S 144.7000°E  / -22.9333; 144.7000  ( Scarrbury ) ). Scarrbury is located on Aramac Creek along Vera Park Road. Muttaburra lay on the traditional tribal lands of

1406-873: Is yours, not mine!" One of the prominent early settlers to establish themselves in Muttaburra was Edward Rowland (Rofley) Edkins, who was the first Manager of Mt. Cornish, the original outstation of Bowen Downs. He was also Chairman of the Aramac Divisional Board (1882, 1886 - 1888, 1891, and 1902); a member of the Muttaburra Hospital Committee (1885); Muttaburra Jockey Club President (1891); Muttaburra Hospital Committee President (1891); and Marathon Pastoral Society President (1891). He died at Drummoyne , Sydney , on 14 August 1905. Edkins married Edwina Marion Huey, daughter of Dr Walter Huey (1797-1843) of Launceston in Tasmania . Edwina

1480-508: The Barcaldine Regional Council . Muttaburra has a subtropical climate with very hot summers. Temperatures over 37 °C (99 °F) and heat waves are common, however in winter the temperature can go as low as 8 °C (46 °F), if not lower. Frosts occur rarely. Most of the rainfall occurs in the summer months with falls around the 400 to 550 millimetres (16 to 22 in), Flooding can occur most years and in

1554-684: The Boroano and Ranquel peoples, and the Pincheira brothers , ravaged the southern frontier of Argentina in search of cattle. To prevent the cattle raiding, the Argentine government built a system of trenches called Zanja de Alsina in the 1870s. Most cattle raids ended after the military campaigns of the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, and the following partition of Patagonia established by

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1628-493: The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina . In a letter to Chilean President Manuel Montt Mapuche chief Mañil denounced the plunder of graves in search of Mapuche silver , arson of Mapuche houses and other abuses against Mapuches that were happening in the newly created province. Mañil further accused intendant Villalón con Salbo of becoming rich by cattle theft. The return of Chilean veterans from

1702-468: The Country Women's Association was formed in August 1927 with 34 financial members. The Ruby Bayliss QCWA Hostel opened in 1955 to provide accommodation for out-of-town expectant mothers. Dr Joseph Arratta served for thirty-five years at the hospital in Muttaburra from 1925 to 1960. He was awarded an M.B.E. in 1959 in recognition of his service to medicine. The Muttaburra Public Library building

1776-719: The Cretaceous period . Several specimens of this dinosaur have been found in central and northern Queensland, and a few teeth have been found in New South Wales . There is a full size replica in the town. On 22 November 2019, the Queensland Government decided to amalgamate the localities in the Barcaldine Region, resulting in five expanded localities based on the larger towns: Alpha , Aramac , Barcaldine , Jericho and Muttaburra. Muttaburra

1850-609: The Homeric Hymn to Hermes , who steals the cattle of Apollo . In his childhood, the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur and a small band of followers raided travelers for goods, especially animals such as sheep, horses, and cattle. Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers. Both injuries disabled him for life. Timur's injuries have given him

1924-663: The Iningai . Iningai (also known as Yiningay, Muttaburra, Tateburra, Yinangay, Yinangi) is an Australian Aboriginal language spoken by the Iningai people. The Iningai language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of the Longreach Region and Barcaldine Region , particularly the towns of Longreach , Barcaldine , Muttaburra and Aramac as well as the properties of Bowen Downs and catchments of Cornish Creek and Alice River . The name of

1998-709: The War of the Pacific coincided with the Chilean Army's crushing of Mapuche resistance in the Occupation of Araucanía (1861–1883). This led to opportunities for bandits and veterans-turned-bandits to immigrate to the newly opened Araucanía territory, leading to sudden rise in violence and in a region that was recovering from Chilean-Mapuche warfare. Bandits that immigrated to Araucanía allied with displaced Mapuche and made cattle theft their chief business. Stolen cattle

2072-557: The Woomera Prohibited Area . Mineral exploration continues as new mineral deposits are identified and developed. 2002 was declared the Year of the Outback. While the early explorers used horses to cross the Outback, the first woman to make the journey riding a horse was Anna Hingley , who rode from Broome to Cairns in 2006. The paucity of industrial land use has led to the Outback being recognised globally as one of

2146-572: The "big wets" large areas of the major watercourses are inundated. Droughts are not uncommon. The wettest month ever recorded was September 2010 when 162 mm fell. Bush-walking, water-skiing and fishing are some of the main recreational activities in the area. The headwaters of the Thomson River and the camping area at Broadwater and the Muttaburra Pump Hole, is where species such as Yellowbelly and Black Bream can be caught. Other attractions are found in Muttaburra itself, including

2220-683: The 1940s. In 2009, as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Queensland Outback was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "natural attraction". Aboriginal peoples have lived in the Outback for at least 50,000 years and occupied all Outback regions, including the driest deserts, when Europeans first entered central Australia in the 1800s. Many Aboriginal Australians retain strong physical and cultural links to their traditional country and are legally recognised as

2294-723: The Chiefs' Watch were either retrieved, or he paid for them in full. Cattle-raiding by the Border reivers was a serious problem for many centuries on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border . In the American frontier , rustling was considered a serious offense and in some cases resulted in vigilantes hanging or shooting the thieves. Mexican rustlers were a major issue during the American Civil War (1861–1865);

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2368-457: The Cobb & Co changing station, blacksmiths, banks and general stores were also soon accommodated. 50 allotments of Crown Land were made available to the public for sale by public auction at Aramac on 18 June 1878, at which "Mr Sword, Land Commissioner, disposed of forty six town allotments situated at Muttaburra. They were one acre divisions, upset price £10. Twenty three fetched the upset price,

2442-563: The Federal Government. While small areas of the outback consist of clay soils the majority has exceedingly infertile palaeosols . Riversleigh , in Queensland, is one of Australia's most renowned fossil sites and was recorded as a World Heritage site in 1994. The 100 km (39 sq mi) area contains fossil remains of ancient mammals, birds and reptiles of Oligocene and Miocene age. The largest industry across

2516-614: The Memorial Medical Museum and the Cassimatis Store. The Memorial Medical Museum commemorates Dr Joseph Arratta. The museum is housed in what once was the Muttaburra Hospital. After its closure the building was converted into a historical display and museum and named in honour of Dr Arratta. The store and of George and Stavroola Cassimatis and their five children has been restored and is open to

2590-907: The Mexican government was accused of supporting the habit. American rustlers also stole Mexican cattle from across the border. Failure to brand new calves facilitated theft. Conflict over alleged rustling was a major issue in the Johnson County War of 1892 in Wyoming . The transition from open range to fenced grazing gradually reduced the practice of rustling in North America. In the 20th century, so called "suburban rustling" became more common, with rustlers anesthetizing cattle and taking them directly to auction. This often takes place at night, posing problems for law enforcement, because on very large ranches it can take several days for

2664-501: The Outback is unified by a combination of factors, most notably a low human population density, a largely intact natural environment and, in many places, low-intensity land uses, such as pastoralism (livestock grazing) in which production is reliant on the natural environment. The Outback is deeply ingrained in Australian heritage, history and folklore . In Australian art the subject of the Outback has been vogue, particularly in

2738-401: The Outback, culminating in successfully reaching the north coast of Australia and returning without the loss of any of the party's members' lives. This contrasts with the ill-fated Burke and Wills expedition in 1860–61 which was much better funded, but resulted in the deaths of three of the members of the transcontinental party. The Overland Telegraph line was constructed in the 1870s along

2812-604: The Outback, in terms of the area occupied, is pastoralism , in which cattle, sheep, and sometimes goats are grazed in mostly intact, natural ecosystems. Widespread use of bore water, obtained from underground aquifers, including the Great Artesian Basin , has enabled livestock to be grazed across vast areas in which no permanent surface water exists naturally. Capitalising on the lack of pasture improvement and absence of fertiliser and pesticide use, many Outback pastoral properties are certified as organic livestock producers. In 2014, 17,000,000 hectares (42,000,000 acres), most of which

2886-648: The Traditional Owners of large parts of the Outback under Commonwealth Native Title legislation. Early European exploration of inland Australia was sporadic. More focus was on the more accessible and fertile coastal areas. The first party to successfully cross the Blue Mountains just outside Sydney was led by Gregory Blaxland in 1813, 25 years after the colony was established. People, starting with John Oxley in 1817, 1818 and 1821, followed by Charles Sturt from 1829 to 1830, attempted to follow

2960-416: The adverbial phrase referring to the back yard of a house , and came to be used meiotically in the late 1800s to describe the vast sparsely settled regions of Australia behind the cities and towns. The earliest known use of the term in this context in print was in 1869, when the writer clearly meant the area west of Wagga Wagga , New South Wales . Over time, the adverbial use of the phrase was replaced with

3034-561: The campsite visible today. All Saints Anglican Church was built from corrugated iron in October 1903 by Mr Hack. It was opened and dedicated on Wednesday 18 November 1903 by Bishop of Rockhampton , Nathaniel Dawes . He confirmed 70 young people as part of the visit. The Cassimatis Store opened in 1914 but was closed in 1978 having been a bank, green grocery, haberdashery, emporium, cafe, white goods merchant, and liquor store. In 1911, Andrew Andrew (A.A.) Cassimatis and his son George left

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3108-524: The centre of the continent, roughly paralleled by the Adelaide–Darwin railway . There is a proposal to develop some of the roads running from the south-west to the north-east to create an all-weather road named the Outback Highway , crossing the continent diagonally from Laverton, Western Australia (north of Kalgoorlie , through the Northern Territory to Winton , in Queensland. Air transport

3182-520: The environment, so time and money is spent eradicating them in an attempt to help protect fragile rangelands. The Outback is home to a diverse set of animal species, such as the kangaroo, emu and dingo. The Dingo Fence was built to restrict movements of dingoes and wild dogs into agricultural areas towards the south east of the continent. The marginally fertile parts are primarily utilised as rangelands and have been traditionally used for sheep or cattle grazing, on cattle stations which are leased from

3256-572: The estates of Anglo-Irish landlords, well into the 18th century in Ireland. Warfare between Scottish clans was often for very similar reasons and, during the 17th and 18th centuries, many Scottish clan chiefs would similarly operate an extralegal Watch over the cattle herds of the Lowland gentry in return for protection money , which Highland Chiefs similarly used to feed their tenants and clansmen. Any cattle that were stolen from herds under

3330-586: The island of Kythira (which lies between Crete and the mainland of Greece) to come to Australia. They worked in Sydney and Bundaberg before establishing themselves in Muttaburra. They built their own general store in 1918, after renting local properties for a number of years. The Cassimatis became one of the oldest agents in Australia for Mobil Oil – Australia – previously known as The Vacuum Oil Company of Australia. They also bottled their own methylated spirits and kerosene, using their own label. George Cassimatis

3404-555: The lack of proper medical facilities and trained personnel. In many outback communities, the number of children is too small for a conventional school to operate. Children are educated at home by the School of the Air . Originally the teachers communicated with the children via radio, but now satellite telecommunication is used instead. Some children attend boarding school, mostly only those in secondary school. The term "outback" derives from

3478-568: The largest remaining intact natural areas on Earth. Global " Human Footprint " and wilderness reviews highlight the importance of Outback Australia as one of the world's large natural areas, along with the Boreal forests and Tundra regions in North America, the Sahara and Gobi deserts and the tropical forests of the Amazon and Congo Basins. The savanna (or grassy woodlands) of northern Australia are

3552-508: The largest, intact savanna regions in the world. In the south, the Great Western Woodlands , which occupy 16,000,000 hectares (40,000,000 acres), an area larger than all of England and Wales, are the largest remaining temperate woodland left on Earth. Reflecting the wide climatic and geological variation, the Outback contains a wealth of distinctive and ecologically rich ecosystems. Major land types include: The Outback

3626-514: The loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. Convictions are extremely rare to nonexistent. Cattle raiding became a major issue at the end of the 19th century in Argentina, where cattle stolen during malones were taken through Camino de los chilenos across the Andes to Chile , where they were exchanged for alcoholic beverages and firearms . Several indigenous groups and outlaws, such as

3700-532: The main economic activity in this vast and sparsely settled area is mining. Owing to the almost complete absence of mountain building and glaciation since the Permian (in many areas since the Cambrian ) ages, the outback is extremely rich in iron, aluminium, manganese and uranium ores, and also contains major deposits of gold, nickel, copper, lead and zinc ores. Because of its size, the value of grazing and mining

3774-694: The names of Timur the Lame and Tamerlane by Europeans. In Gaelic Ireland , cattle raiding, whether in retaliation for an insult under the code of conduct or to keep the whole clan fed during a difficult winter, was a common part of warfare between Irish clans , as is often depicted in stories from Irish mythology , such as the Táin Bó Cúailnge and the Táin Bó Flidhais . Cattle raiding and selling protection against theft continued by Irish clan chiefs and rapparees , particularly against

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3848-482: The new township, one and a half-mile from Mount Cornish; its name I do not know, and I don’t think anybody else does, as it is undecided. I hear there is a store open now, also a public house, and I suppose there will be other business places shortly." The town was officially declared in 1878. Bruford Street, the main street, took its name from a saddler, Mr. Bruford, who established a saddlery repair shop there, in that same year. The need for other services, such as hotels,

3922-610: The present day noun form. It is colloquially said that "the outback" is located "beyond the Black Stump ". The location of the black stump may be some hypothetical location or may vary depending on local custom and folklore. It has been suggested that the term comes from the Black Stump Wine Saloon that once stood about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) out of Coolah, New South Wales on the Gunnedah Road. It

3996-515: The prosecution and no witnesses put forward by the defence, a jury found him not guilty within an hour. He was greatly admired for crossing Central Australia unscathed. The transcript of the delivery of the verdict reads, "Judge: What is your verdict? Foreman of the Jury: We find the prisoner 'Not Guilty'. Judge: What? Foreman of the Jury: Not guilty. Judge: I thank God, gentlemen, that the verdict

4070-469: The public. The Muttaburra rest area provides the first two nights stay free plus meals and accommodation are also available at the Exchange Hotel on the main street. The Caravan Park has powered sites, barbecues and a washing machine. Hot food, groceries and fuel are available at the local store. Outback The Outback is a remote, vast, sparsely populated area of Australia . The Outback

4144-462: The remainder sold at a considerable advance, two of the lots realising £50 each." The first post office was built in 1887 and then replaced with a modern building in 1926. In March 1881, the Queensland Government held a land sale, auctioning 60 town lots in the town of Scarrbury. The government had set aside 4 square miles (10 km) of land for the town in November 1876. Muttaburra was also

4218-435: The route identified by Stuart. In 1865, the surveyor George Goyder , using changes in vegetation patterns, mapped a line in South Australia , north of which he considered rainfall to be too unreliable to support agriculture. Exploration of the Outback continued in the 1950s when Len Beadell explored, surveyed and built many roads in support of the nuclear weapons tests at Emu Field and Maralinga and rocket testing on

4292-447: The scene of one of the most daring acts of cattle duffing ever performed in Australia. Henry Radford stole cattle from Bowen Downs Station and drove them 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) through the mostly unexplored Central Australia region to the Blanche Water station in northern South Australia . He sold the livestock for £5000, and was later charged with theft and tried at the Roma District Court. Despite overwhelming evidence from

4366-444: The school had an enrolment of 8 students with 2 teachers (1 full-time equivalent) and 4 non-teaching staff (2 full-time equivalent). There are no secondary schools in Muttaburra with the closest government secondary school being Longreach State High School in Longreach , 121.6 kilometres (75.5 mi) to the south-west. Given the distance, alternatives are distance education and boarding school. Barcaldine Regional Council operates

4440-399: The small size of the town there is almost no public transport, however Longreach does run a bus service to the town one to two times a month. Muttaburra Airport is on Muttaburra Airport Road off the Cramsie Muttaburra Road ( 22°35′05″S 144°31′33″E  /  22.5848°S 144.5257°E  / -22.5848; 144.5257  ( Muttaburra Aerodrome ) ). It is operated by

4514-462: The town derived from an Iningai clan name, the Muttaburra, who were the traditional owners of this area. According to some sources, muttaburra meant "the meeting of waters" or "camping ground" or "meeting place". The area was once part of a vast inland sea. Muttaburra developed as a town in the 1870s. In the Brisbane Courier of 10 October 1877, the local correspondent noted that, "The Land Commissioner has been round this way lately, and surveyed

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4588-432: The westward-flowing rivers to find an "inland sea", but these were found to all flow into the Murray River and Darling River , which turn south. From 1858 onwards, the so-called "Afghan" cameleers and their beasts played an instrumental role in opening up the Outback and helping to build infrastructure. Over the period 1858 to 1861, John McDouall Stuart led six expeditions north from Adelaide, South Australia into

4662-446: The winter, various species of snakes and lizards bask in the sun, but they are rarely seen during the summer months. Feral animals such as camels thrive in central Australia, brought to Australia by pastoralists and explorers, along with the early Afghan drivers . Feral horses known as ' brumbies ' are station horses that have run wild. Feral pigs , foxes , cats , goats and rabbits and other imported animals are also degrading

4736-403: The world's major manganese mines. Aboriginal communities in outback regions, such as the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara lands in northern South Australia, have not been displaced as they have been in areas of intensive agriculture and large cities, in coastal areas. The total population of the Outback in Australia declined from 700,000 in 1996 to 690,000 in 2006. The largest decline

4810-409: The world's natural supply, but was closed down in 2020 due to financial reasons. The Pilbara region's economy is dominated by mining and petroleum industries. The Pilbara's oil and gas industry is the region's largest export industry, earning $ 5.0 billion in 2004/05 and accounting for over 96% of the State's production. Most of Australia's iron ore is also mined in the Pilbara and it also has one of

4884-401: Was 112 students in 1903. In 1937, the new school building and teacher's residence were completed. In 2009 at the school's 125th anniversary, a total of 1593 students had enrolled through its history. The town dam was built in 1885 by Mr Hudson. For some years this dam was the source of water for the town and water carted into town in casks. Residents paid 2/6 per cask although double this amount

4958-419: Was Dr Overend from Melbourne and Mr Lawry was the first Wardsman. By 1901, the Muttaburra Hospital was equipped with one of the earliest x-ray units to be installed in any country hospital. The Muttaburra Hospital closed in 1974 due to the small population. Muttaburra State School is one of the oldest schools in the district. The school was opened on 18 February 1884 with an enrolment of 17. Its highest enrolment

5032-402: Was a J.P. and Councillor representing Muttaburra on the Aramac Shire Council . He sat on various committees and played a significant role in the developmental history of Muttaburra. The store was reopened in 2001 after a full renovation. Fire destroyed the store in the morning of 6 January 2009. However the shop and service station has now been rebuilt by A. E. Rose Constructions (Peter Rose), and

5106-404: Was expanded to incorporate Bangall , Cornish Creek (western part), Sardine (western part), and Tablederry . In the 2006 census , the locality of Muttaburra and the surrounding area had a population of 106 people. In the 2016 census , the locality of Muttaburra had a population of 88 people. In the 2021 census , the locality of Muttaburra had a population of 158 people. Muttaburra has

5180-408: Was in the Outback Northern Territory , while the Kimberley and Pilbara showed population increases during the same period. The sex ratio is 1040 males for 1000 females and 17% of the total population is indigenous. The Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) started service in 1928 and helps people who live in the outback of Australia. Previously, serious injuries or illnesses often meant death owing to

5254-423: Was not uncommon. Later the dam was also used as the town's swimming pool. St Joseph's Catholic Church was built in 1888. In 1943, it was destroyed by cyclone. A new church was built in 1948. In May 1891, approximately 400 shearers camped near Muttaburra during the 1891 Australian shearers' strike . Union Hole is where the shearers drew water and carted it back to their camp by dray. There are still some remains of

5328-498: Was opened in 1961. In 1963, Muttaburra was the discovery site of the Muttaburrasaurus , one of Australia's most famous dinosaurs, by Doug Langdon. The dinosaur is believed to have been 12 metres (39 ft) long, 2 metres (6.6 ft) high from the hip and weighing 15 tonnes (17 short tons). It was a herbivore, with rows of grinding teeth, and probably ate plants such as ferns, cycads and conifers. It may have lived in herds. Muttaburrasaurus lived around 100 million years ago, during

5402-742: Was sold in marketplaces through the region. The Pokot and Samburu Nilotic populations in northwestern Kenya often raid each other for cattle. Violent cattle rustling has caused massive loss of lives such as the Monday 12 March 2001 raid among the Marakwet in Murkutwo Location, Elgeyo Marakwet County, suspected to have been caused by the Pokot . Conflict over pastures and cattle raids has been happening between Dinka and Nuer as they battle for grazing their animals. Cattle rustling

5476-545: Was well known in the district, and also a composer of a number of musical works, related to the area, including Malboona Gavotte , Wee Bimba: waltz , The Women of the West and the LC5 Waltz She was remembered as "the most kindly of kind hostesses and the wife of one of the most outstanding men of the pastoral industry in Australia". In 1884, a hospital was built with funds raised by the local community. The first doctor

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