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28-631: The Mundurucu Indigenous Territory (TI) is divided between the municipalities of Itaituba and Jacareacanga , Para. It has an area of 2,382,000 hectares (5,890,000 acres). The territory adjoins the Sai Cinza Indigenous Territory to the north and the Kayabi Indigenous Territory to the south. The Tapajós river and its tributary the Teles Pires define the north and west boundary of the territory. To

56-419: A small military base was installed. Among the most relevant people associated to the foundation of Itaituba, one of remarkable importance is Joaquim Caetano Corrêa, because of its pioneer work on the exploration of the tapajonic region, being even regarded as the founder of the municipally seat. Itaituba depended on the parish of Pinhel until 1853, when it was transferred to the jurisdiction of Boim. The city

84-518: Is located at latitude 04º16'34" S and longitude 55º59'01" W, on the left bank of the Tapajós River. It contains part of the 2,382,000 hectares (5,890,000 acres) Mundurucu Indigenous Territory , established in 2004. The municipality also contains part of the 178,173 hectares (440,280 acres) Sawré Muybu Indigenous Territory , recognized by Funai in April 2016. The municipality contains part of

112-599: Is occupied mainly by Munduruku but also by people of the Apiacá , Kayabí , Kayapo , Tembé and Rikbaktsa ethnic groups. Estimated population of the territory was 2,420 in 1990, 5,075 in 1995 and had risen to 6,518 by 2012. There are two indigenous organizations, the Associação Da'uk (AIP) and the Conselho Indígena Munduruku do Alto Tapajós (CIMAT). The state is represented in the territory by

140-515: Is some illegal cutting of timber and gold mining in the eastern parts closest to Itaituba and Trairão. To the west the park adjoins the 827,877 hectares (2,045,730 acres) Pau-Rosa National Forest , created in 2001. The proposed South Amazon Ecological Corridor would link the park to other protected areas and indigenous territories in the region. The Amazônia National Park was created by federal decree 73.683 of 19 February 1974. Its limits were altered by decree on 18 January 1985. The management plan

168-412: Is sufficient to produce a biodiverse understorey of vines, lichens, mosses and orchids. Many of the mammals in the park are nocturnal, and some such as the giant otter , Amazonian manatee and giant anteater are endangered. There are also large numbers of reptiles, fish and other aquatic creatures. The park can be reached from the city of Itaituba. The Transpantaneira runs from east to west through

196-694: The Amazônia National Park . The municipality will contain part of the reservoir of the proposed Jatobá Hydroelectric Power Plant on the Tapajós . The presence of Dutch, French, and English explorers in the estuary of the Amazon River has concurred for the settlement of Portuguese expeditionaries in the current territory of the State of Pará , and also for the expedition of Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco which, in 1616, has founded

224-550: The Fundação Nacional do Índio (Funai). The Catholic Church operates the Missão de São Francisco. The territory has a number of FUNASA bases, each with a small building with a waiting room, laboratory for testing for malaria, hospitalization room and staff accommodation. Itaituba Itaituba is a city and municipality located in the state of Pará , Brazil, and one of the most important socioeconomic centers in

252-613: The Jamanxim National Park , a fully protected area. It also holds part of the 538,151 hectares (1,329,800 acres) Rio Novo National Park , a conservation unit created in 2006. It contains part of the Amaná National Forest , a 539,571 hectares (1,333,310 acres) sustainable use conservation unit created in 2006. The municipality contains 86% of the 1,988,445 hectares (4,913,550 acres) Tapajós Environmental Protection Area , created in 2006. The climate of

280-684: The Tapajós river would affect the Munduruku , Kayabí and Apiacá indigenous people. It would flood 18,700 hectares (46,000 acres) of the Munduruku Indigenous Territory. As of 2010 Eletronorte had not applied for registration with the National Electricity Agency to start feasibility studies for the Chacorão hydroelectric power plant. A spokesman said that without change to the constitution there

308-571: The Tapajós Environmental Protection Area . All of these were reduced in size except the Campos Amazônicos. This last alteration reduced the area of the park to 1,070,737 hectares (2,645,850 acres). Except for about 2% of more open forest, the whole park consists of dense humid tropical forest. The larger trees reach a height of about 50 m (160 ft), and the light filtering through the canopy

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336-553: The Trairão National Forest , in which logging is permitted subject to a management plan. It also contains part of the 724,965 hectares (1,791,430 acres) Altamira National Forest , a sustainable use conservation unit created in 1998. It contains part of the Itaituba I and Itaituba II national forests, both established in 1998, which have a combined area of 610,472 hectares (1,508,510 acres). It contains part of

364-558: The north region of Brazil . It is located in the watershed of the Tapajós River , about halfway between Manaus and Belém . It has expanded since its inception and now covers 8,600 square kilometres (3,300 sq mi). It is a very biodiverse habitat and contains a wide range of animals and plants. The specific objectives of the park are the preservation of various Amazonic ecosystems , through scientific, educational and recreational means. The park lies on either side of

392-553: The Tapajós River, as a center of exploration and trade of specialties of the High Tapajós. With the Revolution of Cabanagem and the events that occurred during this period, the village of Brasília Legal was founded, in 1836, as a place for resistance of the rebels, on the left bank of the Tapajós River. According to Ferreira Penna, in 1836 Itaituba was an indigenous village, belonging to the province of Grão Pará , in which

420-570: The Tapajós River. The habitat is dense lowland rain forest and there are areas of white-sand grasslands beside the upper reaches of the Tapajós. This river rises in the Precambrian crystalline shields area of ancient igneous rock and carries little sediment. The river acts as a barrier so that some of the animals and plants on one bank are not found on the other. The first base in the park is about 53 km (33 mi) from Itaituba, and there

448-411: The administration of José de Nápoles Telo de Menezes the village of Aveiro was founded. In this village was installed, in 1781, the parish of Our Lady of Conception ( Nossa Senhora da Conceição ). It is known, from the footage and historical evidence available, that the place of Itaituba already existed by the year of 1812, since it was mentioned in the travel list of Miguel João de Castro alongside

476-478: The city of Belém . After the foundation of the captaincy of Grão Pará, the foreigners were gradually expelled by the government, by means of various expeditions which had as goal to destroy the settlements created. Among these expeditions, the one headed by captain Pedro Teixeira reached for the first time (in 1626) the Tapajós River . This expedition established a friendly contact with native people in

504-400: The city of Itaituba are known as itaitubenses . The city nickname is cidade pepita , which translates as "gold nugget city." The city is known for the intense gold mining activity in the valley of the Tapajós River , the multitude of landscapes (such as the sandy river beaches that are formed during the dry seasons, and also the waterfalls located in the district of São Luiz do Tapajós), and

532-661: The east it adjoins the Crepori National Forest and the Rio Novo National Park . The TI lies entirely in the Tapajós river basin, in the Amazon biome . Vegetation includes dense rainforest (17.27%), open rainforest (24.28%), savanna-rainforest contact (37.51%), savanna-seasonal forest contact (14.60%), as well as small area of rainforest-seasonal forest contact, savanna-pioneer formation contact, seasonal deciduous forest and savanna. The people of

560-411: The first fortnight of July and finish with Círio's Procession, on the 26th of July, dedicated to that holy. The city is served by Itaituba Airport . Amaz%C3%B4nia National Park The Amazônia National Park ( Portuguese : Parque Nacional da Amazônia ) was created in 1974, as a national park comprising 1,070,737 ha. It is situated in Itaituba and Trairão municipalities, Pará state, in

588-517: The governor and captain-general Francisco Xavier de Mendonça Furtado , the government retracted the Jesuits from these villages, and raised the Tapajós village to the category of town, with the denomination of Santarém. There were also changes in the villages of Borari and Arapiuns, in 1757, which were denominated Alter-do-Chão and Vila Franca, respectively. And, in 1758, the villages of São Inácio and São José were denominated as Boim and Pinhel. During

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616-464: The park but does not really live up to its name. The road is paved as far as Itaituba but other parts are unpaved earth roads topped with gravel that deteriorate during the rainy season, November to April, and need much repair work each May and June. The park can be accessed from Santarém, Pará , which is at the confluence of the Tapajós with the Amazon River . Santarém has an airport. Any roads usually require four-wheel-drive vehicles and river transport

644-488: The region is equatorial, with an average minimum daily temperature greater than 18 °C. Itaituba has a relative humidity of the air above 80% during almost all the months of the year. The rainy season includes the months of December to April, while the driest months are from July to October. The biggest festival in Itaituba is Our lady de Santana's Party, for padroeira of the municipal district. The festivities are during

672-461: The site currently known as Alter-do-Chão bay. In 1639, Pedro Teixeira returned to the Tapajós River , being followed the Jesuits . Several villages were founded by the Jesuits, along the Tapajós River, during this period. Some of these villages were "Tapajós", in 1661, "São José" (or Matapus), in 1722, "São Inácio" (or Tupinambaranas), in 1737, and Borari and Arapiuns. During the administration of

700-490: The territory define regions in terms of rivers. The main ones are the Teles Pires River, Anipiri River, Tapajós River, Cururu River , Igarapé Wareri, Igarapé Parawadukti, Cadiriri River, Cabitutu River, das Tropas River , Kaburuá River, Igarapé Preto and Igarapé Maçaranduba. The Mundurucu Indigenous Territory was officially recognized by decree of 26 February 2004. The reservoir of the proposed Chacorão Dam on

728-464: The western region of the State. Itaituba is the fifteenth largest city (by population) in the State of Pará , third largest city in the western region, and has the thirteenth largest gross domestic product in the state. The city is regarded as a medium-sized city, and one of the fastest growing cities in the countryside of Brazil . The name of the city origins from Tupi (an indigenous language), which literally means gravel place . People from

756-655: Was no way to undertake projects in indigenous territories. In 2002 it was estimated that there were 10,065 indigenous people in the Upper Tapajós Region, in about 80 villages. However, villages are constantly being dissolved and reconstituted. The largest numbers of Munduruku live in the Mundurucu Indigenous Territory, with most of the villages along the Cururu River , a tributary of the Tapajós. The Munduruku Indigenous Territory

784-456: Was published on 31 December 1988, but was not made official at that time. The consultative council was created on 26 November 2004. The limits of the park were altered on 13 February 2006 and again on 12 August 2011. Law 12678 of 25 June 2012 amended the limits of the Amazônia, Campos Amazônicos and Mapinguari national parks, the Itaituba I , Itaituba II and Crepori national forests and

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