Misplaced Pages

#158841

81-605: See text Murraya ( / ˈ m ʌr i ə / ) is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae . It is distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The center of diversity is in southern China and Southeast Asia . When broadly circumscribed , the genus has about 17 species. A narrower circumscription contains only eight species, others being placed in Bergera and Merrillia . Plants in

162-557: A species : see Botanical name and Specific name (zoology) . The rules for the scientific names of organisms are laid down in the nomenclature codes , which allow each species a single unique name that, for animals (including protists ), plants (also including algae and fungi ) and prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ), is Latin and binomial in form; this contrasts with common or vernacular names , which are non-standardized, can be non-unique, and typically also vary by country and language of usage. Except for viruses ,

243-545: A "play-along" broadcast on its streaming platforms. In May 2006, it was announced that the finals of the Scripps National Spelling Bee would be moved to primetime on ESPN's sister broadcast network ABC , with Robin Roberts of ESPN and Good Morning America serving as host. ABC executives positioned the primetime broadcast as a form of reality television , while the move came on the heels of

324-500: A $ 2,500 savings bond, a reference library from Merriam-Webster, $ 400 in reference works and a lifetime membership to Britannica Online Premium from Encyclopædia Britannica , and an online course and a Nook eReader from K12 Inc . All spellers receive Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged on CD-ROM from Merriam-Webster; the Samuel Louis Sugarman Award, which is a $ 100 U.S. Savings Bond;

405-528: A Spelling Bee event. Contestants in the musical-comedy play The 25th Annual Putnam County Spelling Bee , which ran on Broadway starting in 2005, are competing for a spot in the National Spelling Bee. The 2013 film Bad Words revolves around a forty-year-old eighth grade dropout ( Jason Bateman ) attempting to win a fictional equivalent of the SNSB. The Netflix documentary Spelling

486-503: A cash prize from Scripps for contestants who reach the Semi-finals; and as of 2015, a Microsoft Surface 3 with keyboard and stylus. The cash prizes are determined based on the round, and can be as much as $ 12,500 (for the second-place finisher). In 2014, spellers eliminated before the Semi-finals began receiving educational tools from Microsoft instead of a $ 100 cash prize given in years past. All other prizes remained unchanged. For

567-460: A contestant to begin spelling unless it was obvious that the speller was making no further progress in figuring out the word and that he/she was instead simply "stalling for time". Most local and regional competitions continue to follow this rule and enforcement pattern, although they are not obliged to do so. Starting in 2004, the Bee adopted new rules. A speller is given two and a half minutes from when

648-498: A cosmetic paste that is typically applied onto the face. Compounds isolated from Murraya include many types of coumarins and alkaloids . The novel alkaloid yuehchukene was found in M. paniculata , and it has since been isolated from other Murraya . It is found in red-fruited species with larger petals, but not in black-fruited species with smaller petals. Some species also contain the carbazole girinimbine. In July 2021, 14-year old Zaila Avant-garde of Harvey, Louisiana , won

729-651: A later homonym of a validly published name is a nomen illegitimum or nom. illeg. ; for a full list refer to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants and the work cited above by Hawksworth, 2010. In place of the "valid taxon" in zoology, the nearest equivalent in botany is " correct name " or "current name" which can, again, differ or change with alternative taxonomic treatments or new information that results in previously accepted genera being combined or split. Prokaryote and virus codes of nomenclature also exist which serve as

810-628: A long time and redescribed as new by a range of subsequent workers, or if a range of genera previously considered separate taxa have subsequently been consolidated into one. For example, the World Register of Marine Species presently lists 8 genus-level synonyms for the sperm whale genus Physeter Linnaeus, 1758, and 13 for the bivalve genus Pecten O.F. Müller, 1776. Within the same kingdom, one generic name can apply to one genus only. However, many names have been assigned (usually unintentionally) to two or more different genera. For example,

891-431: A manner that would be more compelling to viewers. In 1994, Scripps began an agreement with ESPN to broadcast coverage of the national finals; the network added a larger focus on analysis and profiles on the competitors. The broadcasts were credited with having brought greater prominence to the event. ESPN would later expand its coverage to encompass the early rounds of the competition as well, and added features such as

SECTION 10

#1732776608159

972-409: A reference for designating currently accepted genus names as opposed to others which may be either reduced to synonymy, or, in the case of prokaryotes, relegated to a status of "names without standing in prokaryotic nomenclature". An available (zoological) or validly published (botanical) name that has been historically applied to a genus but is not regarded as the accepted (current/valid) name for

1053-550: A sentence. Spellers are given a 30-second pause in which to write down their word with the two pens given to them, and then Bailly repeated the word and all information. There was another 30-second pause, and then they moved onto the next word. Each correctly spelled word on the Round One written test was worth one point. In 2011, they stayed with that format. In 2012, they changed to the original computerized test, 50 spelling words, half scored and half not scored. Beginning in 2013,

1134-492: A speller may not make further requests to the pronouncer but rather must begin spelling the word. Any speller who exceeds the time limit is automatically eliminated; judges do not acknowledge letters spelled after the end of Finish Time. A speller is allowed to stop spelling a word and restart spelling, but if (s)he changes the letters already said, the alteration counts as a misspelling and causes automatic elimination. In addition, any speller that went into Finish Time twice during

1215-480: A spelling bee program in its community with the cooperation of area school officials: public, private, parochial, charter, virtual, and home schools. Schools enroll with the national office to ensure their students are eligible to participate and to receive the materials needed to conduct classroom and school bees. During enrollment, school bee coordinators receive their local sponsor's program-specific information—local dates, deadlines, and participation guidelines. In

1296-414: A student of Linnaeus . In 1986, Paul P.-H. But and co-authors separated off some species of Murraya as M. sect. Bergera based on chemical evidence. Evidence from pollen morphology and multiple molecular phylogenetic studies showed that when broadly circumscribed , Murraya was not monophyletic , and treating M. sect. Bergera as the separate genus Bergera has widespread support. Murraya

1377-427: A taxon; however, the names published in suppressed works are made unavailable via the relevant Opinion dealing with the work in question. In botany, similar concepts exist but with different labels. The botanical equivalent of zoology's "available name" is a validly published name . An invalidly published name is a nomen invalidum or nom. inval. ; a rejected name is a nomen rejiciendum or nom. rej. ;

1458-713: A test similar to the Preliminaries Test, but containing harder and more confusing words. As a result, there was controversy and Scripps had dropped the Tiebreaker Test in 2019, in which eight co-champions won. Round Four is now an oral spelling round and the start of the Quarterfinals. There are neither a study list nor set rounds for the Quarterfinalists. The contestants who last throughout Quarterfinalists will be deemed semifinalists. At

1539-455: A total of c. 520,000 published names (including synonyms) as at end 2019, increasing at some 2,500 published generic names per year. "Official" registers of taxon names at all ranks, including genera, exist for a few groups only such as viruses and prokaryotes, while for others there are compendia with no "official" standing such as Index Fungorum for fungi, Index Nominum Algarum and AlgaeBase for algae, Index Nominum Genericorum and

1620-450: A word is first pronounced to spell it completely. The first two minutes are Regular Time; the final thirty seconds are Finish Time. During this time limit, a speller is allowed to ask the pronouncer for the word's: A chime signals that regular time has expired, and the judges inform the speller that Finish Time has begun. The speller may watch a clock counting down from thirty seconds; no timing devices are allowed onstage. During Finish Time,

1701-514: Is a fleshy berry with pulp but without the juice vesicles present in some related fruits. It is up to 1.3 centimetres (0.51 in) long and orange, red, or black. The genus Murraya was first formally described in 1771 by Carl Linnaeus in Mantissa Plantarum Altera from an unpublished description by Johann Gerhard König . The genus name commemorates the 18th-century German-Swedish herbal doctor Johan Andreas Murray ,

SECTION 20

#1732776608159

1782-753: Is an annual spelling bee held in the United States. The bee is run on a not-for-profit basis by The E. W. Scripps Company and is held at a hotel or convention center in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area during the week following Memorial Day weekend . Since 2011, it has been held at the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center hotel in National Harbor in Oxon Hill, Maryland , just outside Washington D.C. It

1863-612: Is discouraged by both the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature and the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants , there are some five thousand such names in use in more than one kingdom. For instance, A list of generic homonyms (with their authorities), including both available (validly published) and selected unavailable names, has been compiled by the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG). The type genus forms

1944-434: Is displayed on a monitor. The speller is allowed to ask questions of the pronouncer, however, they are using their own time to do so. The winner is the speller that spelled the most words correctly in the round (words not completed within the time do not count towards the tally). In case of a tie, the player with the highest percentage of correctly spelled words from the words the player was given wins. If multiple players have

2025-689: Is in the subfamily Aurantioideae , which also includes the genus Citrus . It is in the tribe Clauseneae. Studies have repeatedly shown that two sections into which Murraya has been divided, M. sect. Murraya and M. sect. Bergera , should be treated as separate genera. Murraya sensu stricto was revised in 2021, with eight species being accepted: Species that have been placed in Murraya sect. Bergera belong in Bergera , although as of September 2021, names for many have not been published. Further species still accepted in Murraya by Plants of

2106-460: Is somewhat arbitrary. Although all species within a genus are supposed to be "similar", there are no objective criteria for grouping species into genera. There is much debate among zoologists about whether enormous, species-rich genera should be maintained, as it is extremely difficult to come up with identification keys or even character sets that distinguish all species. Hence, many taxonomists argue in favor of breaking down large genera. For instance,

2187-474: Is the type species , and the generic name is permanently associated with the type specimen of its type species. Should the specimen turn out to be assignable to another genus, the generic name linked to it becomes a junior synonym and the remaining taxa in the former genus need to be reassessed. In zoological usage, taxonomic names, including those of genera, are classified as "available" or "unavailable". Available names are those published in accordance with

2268-650: Is the nation's largest and longest-running educational promotion, administered on a not-for-profit basis by The E.W. Scripps Company and 291 sponsors in the United States, Europe, Canada, New Zealand, Guam, Jamaica, The Bahamas, Ghana, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. To qualify for the Scripps National Spelling Bee, a speller must win a regional competition. Regional spelling bees usually cover many counties , with some covering an entire state, U.S. territory, or foreign country. Regional competitions' rules are not required to correspond exactly to those of

2349-621: The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ; the earliest such name for any taxon (for example, a genus) should then be selected as the " valid " (i.e., current or accepted) name for the taxon in question. Consequently, there will be more available names than valid names at any point in time; which names are currently in use depending on the judgement of taxonomists in either combining taxa described under multiple names, or splitting taxa which may bring available names previously treated as synonyms back into use. "Unavailable" names in zoology comprise names that either were not published according to

2430-824: The International Plant Names Index for plants in general, and ferns through angiosperms, respectively, and Nomenclator Zoologicus and the Index to Organism Names for zoological names. Totals for both "all names" and estimates for "accepted names" as held in the Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera (IRMNG) are broken down further in the publication by Rees et al., 2020 cited above. The accepted names estimates are as follows, broken down by kingdom: The cited ranges of uncertainty arise because IRMNG lists "uncertain" names (not researched therein) in addition to known "accepted" names;

2511-509: The first bee in 1925 , and doubled to $ 1000 the next year . It dropped back to $ 500 in the 1933 bee during the Great Depression , and only returned to $ 1000 in 1956 . In 1987, the first place prize was raised to $ 1,500, and all spellers after reaching 10th place received $ 50. By 1993 it was $ 5,000. In 2007, the prize was $ 50,000 in cash, but in 2009, the prize dropped to $ 35,000 in cash and more than $ 5,000 in prizes. In 2012,

Murraya - Misplaced Pages Continue

2592-404: The platypus belongs to the genus Ornithorhynchus although George Shaw named it Platypus in 1799 (these two names are thus synonyms ) . However, the name Platypus had already been given to a group of ambrosia beetles by Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Herbst in 1793. A name that means two different things is a homonym . Since beetles and platypuses are both members of the kingdom Animalia,

2673-433: The 1 hour, 55 minute point of the broadcast), all remaining players participate in a spell-off where each speller is given the same list of words and one minute, thirty seconds to spell as many words as possible; the player must press a buzzer to inform the official they are ready for the next word; each speller is sequestered until it is their turn to compete. The definition, language of origin, and part of speech of each word

2754-459: The Bee's goal of expanding the vocabulary and language skills of children. Round Two is an oral round, in which each contestant must answer a vocabulary question from the "Words of the Champions" list as specified by the judges. Historically, Round Two was a spelling round where a correct spelling awarded three points, while a miss eliminated the contestant. In the latter case, the judges gave

2835-482: The Dream (2020) chronicles the ups and downs of four Indian-American students as they compete to realize their dream of winning the iconic Scripps National Spelling Bee. The Academy Award -nominated documentary film Spellbound (2002) follows eight competitors, including eventual national winner Nupur Lala, through the 1999 competition. The book American Bee , by James Maguire, profiles five spellers who made it to

2916-473: The French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708) is considered "the founder of the modern concept of genera". The scientific name (or the scientific epithet) of a genus is also called the generic name ; in modern style guides and science, it is always capitalised. It plays a fundamental role in binomial nomenclature , the system of naming organisms , where it is combined with the scientific name of

2997-592: The National Spelling Bee. It contains 4,000 words, divided primarily by language of origin, along with exercises and activities in each section. Most bees whose winners advance to regional-level competition use the School Pronouncer's Guide , which contains a collection of Words of the Champions words as well as "off-list words" not listed in Words of the Champions but featured in Scripps' official dictionary,

3078-517: The Preliminaries now consists of three oral rounds. Preliminaries The preliminaries consists of three rounds, with round one being a spelling section, round two being a vocabulary section, and round three concluding the prelims with a spelling round. Round One is an oral spelling round, with words deriving from the Bee's official list, Words of the Champions. Round One was a written spelling test, and had changed in format several times. In

3159-415: The Preliminaries now includes vocabulary questions, such as being asked to choose the correct definition for a word. While met with criticism by past contestants for deviating from the concept of a spelling bee, organizers indicated that the change was made to help avert perceptions that the competition was based solely on memorization skills (as had been showcased by television broadcasts), and to help further

3240-412: The Scripps National Spelling Bee, with personalities including Anderson Cooper and 1979 champion Katie McCrimmon. Scripps CEO Rich Boehne described its coverage as having been "very hit or miss", explaining that "I'd sit and watch and see a little snippet of some coverage and then somebody would cut out and go somewhere else." Boehne began to contemplate how the event could be presented for television in

3321-534: The U.S. (including territories such as Guam , American Samoa , Puerto Rico , the Navajo Nation , and the U.S. Virgin Islands , along with overseas military bases in Germany and South Korea). Participants from countries other than the U.S. must be regional spelling-bee winners as well. Contest participants cannot be older than fourteen as of August 31 of the year before the competition; nor can they be past

Murraya - Misplaced Pages Continue

3402-540: The World Online are: Murraya species are used in landscaping . Some species can be grafted onto citrus rootstocks . Species have been used in traditional medicine , with various parts of the plants used to treat fever , pain, and dysentery . M. paniculata has been used to induce labor . It has been used in Cuba for painful inflammatory conditions. In Myanmar , Murraya species are used to make thanaka ,

3483-442: The base for higher taxonomic ranks, such as the family name Canidae ("Canids") based on Canis . However, this does not typically ascend more than one or two levels: the order to which dogs and wolves belong is Carnivora ("Carnivores"). The numbers of either accepted, or all published genus names is not known precisely; Rees et al., 2020 estimate that approximately 310,000 accepted names (valid taxa) may exist, out of

3564-428: The bee had their Regular Time reduced to 90 seconds for the remainder of the Bee. Starting in the 2015 Bee, the time limit was reduced to two minutes, indicated by a monitor with a traffic light on it. For the first 75 seconds, the traffic light is green. Once 45 seconds remain, the light turns yellow and a countdown appears on the screen. While the light is green or yellow, the speller is free to request information from

3645-465: The bee. The player cannot be eliminated with a misspell, which would result in all players from the previous round being reinstated. Following the 2019 final, where the championship round ran to its conclusion without a winner being determined, and to meet time constraints, officials intended for 2020 to implement a new tiebreaker. When the championship round is concluded without a determinate winner, or when time constraints necessitate (a round ends after

3726-493: The correct spelling. All contestants eliminated in this round tie for the same place in the final rankings. Round Three is a spelling round. This time, the words are derived from the Preliminaries Study Guide, a 500-word list given to national contestants prior to the Bee. If the contestants pass all three rounds of the Preliminaries, they will be crowned quarterfinalists. In the past, Round Three followed

3807-571: The eighth grade as of February 1 of that year's competition. Previous winners are also ineligible to compete. In 2019, the Spelling Bee ran out of words that might challenge the contestants and ended up having 8 winners. The 2020 National Spelling Bee competition, originally scheduled for May 24, was suspended and later canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic . This was the first time it had been canceled since 1945. The National Spelling Bee

3888-425: The end of the semifinals, the remaining spellers thin out into 10–16, and all the remaining spellers are invited to spell in the finals. This can go on until the word list is exhausted and the judges move on to the 25 championship rounds until a champion (or a group of joint champions) is crowned. When one player remains after a round, special rules apply. The remaining player must spell one more word correctly to win

3969-458: The event would be officially announced in early 2013 with the first competition to take place the following December. As of 2015, these plans are on hold. As of the 2019 competition , the first place prize was raised from $ 40,000 to $ 50,000, and in the event of a tie, the two winners will split the first and second place ($ 25,000) awards ($ 37,500 each). The winner also receives other prizes, such as an engraved loving cup trophy from Scripps,

4050-505: The few years prior to 2008, Round One had consisted of a 25-word, multiple-choice written test. However, in 2010, changes were made in the formatting of this test. It consisted of 25 words, sometimes called "the written round". All spellers gathered at the Maryland Ballroom by 8:00 a.m. Jacques Bailly , the Bee's official pronouncer (also the 1980 champion) pronounced each word, its language of origin, definition, and usage in

4131-440: The final of the 2021 Scripps National Spelling Bee by correctly spelling the word "Murraya", and was the first African American to win the 96-year-old event. Genus The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomists . The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including

SECTION 50

#1732776608159

4212-504: The first three decades of the bee (1925–1957), the spelling competition was held on a single day. This presented no problem in the Bee's early years, which had only nine contestants in 1925, and did not crack 50 contestants before 1950. After the 1957 bee took almost 10 hours to complete (the second-ever tie after the word list was exhausted), the bee moved to a two-day format in 1958 . As the number of contestants continued to increase (first breaking 100 in 1978 ), an opening practice round

4293-446: The form "author, year" in zoology, and "standard abbreviated author name" in botany. Thus in the examples above, the genus Canis would be cited in full as " Canis Linnaeus, 1758" (zoological usage), while Hibiscus , also first established by Linnaeus but in 1753, is simply " Hibiscus L." (botanical usage). Each genus should have a designated type , although in practice there is a backlog of older names without one. In zoology, this

4374-737: The generic name (or its abbreviated form) still forms the leading portion of the scientific name, for example, Canis lupus lupus for the Eurasian wolf subspecies, or as a botanical example, Hibiscus arnottianus ssp. immaculatus . Also, as visible in the above examples, the Latinised portions of the scientific names of genera and their included species (and infraspecies, where applicable) are, by convention, written in italics . The scientific names of virus species are descriptive, not binomial in form, and may or may not incorporate an indication of their containing genus; for example,

4455-468: The genus Murraya are shrubs or trees with pinnate leaves arranged alternately, usually glandular, aromatic, and leathery to membranous in texture. The leaflets vary in shape and have smooth or toothed edges. The inflorescence is a panicle , cyme, or small raceme of flowers growing at the ends of branches or in the leaf axils; some flowers are solitary. The fragrant flowers have 4 or 5 sepals and white petals and up to 10 straight stamens . The fruit

4536-432: The idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: Moreover, genera should be composed of phylogenetic units of the same kind as other (analogous) genera. The term "genus" comes from Latin genus , a noun form cognate with gignere ('to bear; to give birth to'). The Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus popularized its use in his 1753 Species Plantarum , but

4617-633: The largest component, with 23,236 ± 5,379 accepted genus names, of which 20,845 ± 4,494 are angiosperms (superclass Angiospermae). By comparison, the 2018 annual edition of the Catalogue of Life (estimated >90% complete, for extant species in the main) contains currently 175,363 "accepted" genus names for 1,744,204 living and 59,284 extinct species, also including genus names only (no species) for some groups. The number of species in genera varies considerably among taxonomic groups. For instance, among (non-avian) reptiles , which have about 1180 genera,

4698-570: The lizard genus Anolis has been suggested to be broken down into 8 or so different genera which would bring its ~400 species to smaller, more manageable subsets. Scripps National Spelling Bee The Scripps National Spelling Bee , formerly the Scripps Howard National Spelling Bee and often referred to as the National Spelling Bee or simply “ the Spelling Bee ” in the United States,

4779-403: The most (>300) have only 1 species, ~360 have between 2 and 4 species, 260 have 5–10 species, ~200 have 11–50 species, and only 27 genera have more than 50 species. However, some insect genera such as the bee genera Lasioglossum and Andrena have over 1000 species each. The largest flowering plant genus, Astragalus , contains over 3,000 species. Which species are assigned to a genus

4860-428: The name could not be used for both. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach published the replacement name Ornithorhynchus in 1800. However, a genus in one kingdom is allowed to bear a scientific name that is in use as a generic name (or the name of a taxon in another rank) in a kingdom that is governed by a different nomenclature code. Names with the same form but applying to different taxa are called "homonyms". Although this

4941-432: The national competition, a speller must be sponsored. Scripps has 281 sponsors (mostly newspapers) from the U.S., Canada, The Bahamas, New Zealand, Asia, and Europe covering a certain area and conducting their own regional spelling bees to send spellers to the national level. Sponsorship is available on a limited basis to daily and weekly newspapers serving English-speaking populations around the world. Each sponsor organizes

SECTION 60

#1732776608159

5022-411: The national competition; most notably, the national competition has since 2004 featured time controls that are designed to ensure its conformity to the programming schedule of its nationwide television broadcaster (see Regulations of oral rounds below) and that are not intended to be implemented at lower levels of competition. Most school and regional bees (known to Scripps as local spelling bees) use

5103-418: The official study booklet. Through competition year 1994, the study booklet was known as Words of the Champions ; during competition years 1995 through 2006, the study booklet was the category-based Paideia ; in 2007 the format and title were changed to the 701-word Spell It! , and since 2020 a new edition of Words of the Champions has been used. The booklet is published by Merriam-Webster in association with

5184-596: The past, the Preliminaries had consisted of a test (Preliminaries Test) delivered by computer on Tuesday and two rounds of oral spelling onstage on Wednesday. Spellers may earn up to 36 points during the Preliminaries: up to 30 points on the Preliminaries Test, three points for correctly spelling in Round Two and three points for correctly spelling in Round Three. In 2021, the Preliminaries Test got omitted, and

5265-425: The prize dropped yet again to $ 30,000 in cash and just over $ 10,000 in prizes, savings bonds, and scholarships. In 2015, the prize increased to $ 38,600 in cash, and increased again in 2016 to $ 40,000 cash prize, where it stayed the same until 2018, when the prize was increased to $ 50,000 cash, which was equivalent to the cash prize eleven years before. CNN was one of the first television channels to carry coverage of

5346-902: The pronouncer as listed above. Once 30 seconds remain, the light turns red and the speller must begin spelling the word as in Finish Time above. The 2023 Bee reduced the time limit further to 90 seconds; the traffic light system introduced in the 2015 Bee remained in place, with the light remaining green for the first 60 seconds, turning yellow (and the countdown appearing) at 30 seconds remaining, and red (with Finish Time rules going into effect) at 15 seconds remaining. In May 2012, Scripps announced tentative plans for an international version, in which three-person teams from as many as sixty countries would compete. Although each speller would be able to confer with teammates once during each contest, all spellers would eventually compete and win prizes as individuals. If logistical and financial details can be reached,

5427-541: The provisions of the ICZN Code, e.g., incorrect original or subsequent spellings, names published only in a thesis, and generic names published after 1930 with no type species indicated. According to "Glossary" section of the zoological Code, suppressed names (per published "Opinions" of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature) remain available but cannot be used as the valid name for

5508-448: The release of Akeelah and the Bee —a drama film based on the event. By 2013, the ABC broadcast had been dropped, with the finals returning exclusively to ESPN. In October 2021, Scripps announced that the event's broadcast would move to its co-owned broadcast television networks Bounce TV and Ion Television beginning in 2022; the company promoted that the event would be "accessible to

5589-484: The rights to the program in 1941. The Bee is held in late May and/or early June of each year. It is open to students who have not yet completed the eighth grade, reached their 15th birthday, nor won a previous National Spelling Bee. Its goal is educational: not only to encourage children to perfect the art of spelling , but also to help enlarge their vocabularies and widen their knowledge of the English language. The Bee

5670-509: The same format as Round Two's spelling round, but each contestant's word was chosen from the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary. After this round, the remaining contestants' total scores were used to determine the semifinalists. Round Four had changed in 2016. Scripps had dropped the semi-finals test and had added a Tiebreaker Test (however, it was only used in 2017 and 2018), in which the spellers took

5751-411: The same number and percentage of correctly spelled words, the event is a tie and co-champions are crowned. The playoff format was first implemented in 2021, and the first tiebreaker was used in 2022. Before 2004, a speller could not be required to spell a given word until the judges deemed that the word had been clearly pronounced and identified by the speller; even then, judges rarely if ever instructed

5832-497: The specific name particular to the wolf. A botanical example would be Hibiscus arnottianus , a particular species of the genus Hibiscus native to Hawaii. The specific name is written in lower-case and may be followed by subspecies names in zoology or a variety of infraspecific names in botany . When the generic name is already known from context, it may be shortened to its initial letter, for example, C. lupus in place of Canis lupus . Where species are further subdivided,

5913-412: The standard format for a species name comprises the generic name, indicating the genus to which the species belongs, followed by the specific epithet, which (within that genus) is unique to the species. For example, the gray wolf 's scientific name is Canis lupus , with Canis ( Latin for 'dog') being the generic name shared by the wolf's close relatives and lupus (Latin for 'wolf') being

5994-403: The taxon is termed a synonym ; some authors also include unavailable names in lists of synonyms as well as available names, such as misspellings, names previously published without fulfilling all of the requirements of the relevant nomenclatural code, and rejected or suppressed names. A particular genus name may have zero to many synonyms, the latter case generally if the genus has been known for

6075-414: The unabridged Webster's Third New International Dictionary (published by Merriam-Webster). Scripps provides a Sponsor Bee Guide to administrators of regional bees. The Sponsor Bee Guide consists of two volumes, each of which contains both words from Words of the Champions and "surprise words". Bees need not use the words from Words of the Champions to be considered official. To participate in

6156-576: The values quoted are the mean of "accepted" names alone (all "uncertain" names treated as unaccepted) and "accepted + uncertain" names (all "uncertain" names treated as accepted), with the associated range of uncertainty indicating these two extremes. Within Animalia, the largest phylum is Arthropoda , with 151,697 ± 33,160 accepted genus names, of which 114,387 ± 27,654 are insects (class Insecta). Within Plantae, Tracheophyta (vascular plants) make up

6237-429: The virus species " Salmonid herpesvirus 1 ", " Salmonid herpesvirus 2 " and " Salmonid herpesvirus 3 " are all within the genus Salmonivirus ; however, the genus to which the species with the formal names " Everglades virus " and " Ross River virus " are assigned is Alphavirus . As with scientific names at other ranks, in all groups other than viruses, names of genera may be cited with their authorities, typically in

6318-412: The widest audience in its nearly 100-year history". The drama film Bee Season (2005), based on Myla Goldberg 's novel of the same name , follows a young girl's journey through various levels of spelling-bee competition to the Scripps National Spelling Bee, as did the drama film Akeelah and the Bee (2006). The 2nd episode of season 1 of Psych , " Spellingg Bee ", dealt with a murder during

6399-419: Was eliminated at the 1987 bee due to a record 185 entrants. After a three-day bee was held for the first time in 2001 , a written test was added for the first time in 2002 to help keep the bee to two days of competition. In 2002 and 2003, a 25-word written test was given after an opening oral round. For most of its early years, the first place prize was either $ 500 or $ 1000. It was $ 500 in gold pieces in

6480-462: Was formed in 1925 as a consolidation of numerous local spelling bees, organized by The Courier-Journal in Louisville, Kentucky. Frank Neuhauser won the first National Spelling Bee held that year, by successfully spelling "gladiolus". The spelling bee has been held every year except for 1943–1945 due to World War II and 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The E.W. Scripps Company acquired

6561-568: Was previously held at the Grand Hyatt Washington in Washington D.C. from 1996 to 2010. Although most of its participants are from the U.S., students from countries such as The Bahamas, Canada, the People's Republic of China, India, Ghana, Japan, Jamaica, Mexico, and New Zealand have also competed in recent years. Historically, the competition has been open to, and remains open to, the winners of sponsored regional spelling bees in

#158841