45-585: Mussoorie is a hill station and a municipal board , in Dehradun city in the Dehradun district of the Indian state Uttarakhand . It is about 35 kilometres (22 mi) from the state capital of Dehradun and 290 km (180 mi) north of the national capital of New Delhi . The hill station is in the foothills of the Garhwal Himalayan range. The adjoining town of Landour , which includes
90-530: A British major, was one of the first four buildings in Mussoorie and has been converted to a hotel. Van Chetna Kendra, a 339 hectares (840 acres) sanctuary 11 km (7 mi) to the south from Library Point, was established in 1993. It is significant for the extinct bird species Mountain Quail (Pahari Bater), last spotted in 1876. The sanctuary, about 6.3 km (3.9 mi) from Library Point and open to
135-615: A debilitating land". The hill stations were meant to reproduce the home country, illustrated in Lord Lytton 's statement about Ootacamund in the 1870s as having "such beautiful English rain, such delicious English mud." Shimla was officially made the "summer capital of India" in the 1860s and hill stations "served as vital centres of political and military power, especially after the 1857 revolt." As noted by Indian historian Vinay Lal , hill stations in India also served "as spaces for
180-681: A derivation of mansūr , a shrub which is indigenous to the area. The town is often referred to as Mansuri by Indians. In 1803 the Gorkhas under Umer Singh Thapa conquered the Garhwal and the Dehra, whereby Mussoorie was established. On 1 November 1814, a war broke out between the Gorkhas and the British. Dehradun and Mussoorie were evacuated by the Gorkhas by the year 1815 and were annexed to
225-702: A landscape type tied to nineteenth-century discourses of imperialism and climate. Both discourses serve as evidence of a belief in racial difference and, thereby, the imperial hill station reflected and reinforced a framework of meaning that influenced European views of the non-western world in general." The historian of Himalayan cultures Shekhar Pathak speaking about the development of Hill Stations like Mussoorie noted that "the needs of this (European) elite created colonies in Dehradun of Indians to cater to them." This "exclusive, clean, and secure social space – known as an enclave – for white Europeans ... evolved to become
270-590: A military cantonment , is considered part of "greater Mussoorie", as are the townships Barlowganj and Jharipani. Mussoorie is at an average altitude of 2,005 metres (6,578 ft). To the northeast are the Himalayan snow ranges, and to the south, the Doon Valley and Shiwalik ranges. The second highest point is the original Lal Tibba in Landour, with a height of over 2,275 m (7,464 ft). Mussoorie
315-455: A military depot, is the highest point in Mussoorie with an altitude of 2,275 m (7,464 ft), with views over the town and its surroundings. A Japanese telescope, with views of Himalayan ranges including Badrinath, Kedarnath, Banderpunch, was installed at Lal Tibba in 1967. Dalai Hills Mussoorie The Dalai Hills Mussoorie and Happy Valley are two of the most impressive and beautiful places in Mussoorie. It takes about 400 meters walk from
360-518: A municipal garden, and the IAS Academy. Lal Tibba is a further tourist attraction in the cantonment of Landour near Mussoorie, and overlooks the Himalayas. The ancient Nag Devta Temple is dedicated to Snake God Shiva, It is on Cart Mackenzie Road about 6 km (3.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the road to Dehradun. There is vehicular access to the temple, which provides a view of Mussoorie and
405-439: A nature walk. The road, which takes its name from a rocky outcrop in the shape of a camel's hump, contains hotels, motels, and a cemetery. The oldest Christian church in the Himalayas, St Mary's, is above Mall Road. Lal Tibba earlier was at the highest peak of Mussoorie where presently TV Tower is located. The earlier Lal Tibba peak had a fixed large binocular through which one could see the snow clad peaks of Himalayas that lies to
450-417: A population of 30,118. Males constitute 55% of the population and females 45%. Mussoorie has an average literacy rate of 89%, higher than the national average of 75%: male literacy is 94%, and female literacy is 84%. In Mussoorie, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. In Mussoorie Nagar Palika Parishad, female sex ratio is of 812 against the state average of 963. Moreover, the child sex ratio in Mussoorie
495-507: A short distance from the peak. Mussoorie has a fairly typical subtropical highland climate ( Köppen Cwb ) for the mid-altitude Himalaya. Summers are warm and very wet, with July and August averaging approximately 660 millimetres (26 in) of rain per month due to orographic lift of the extremely moist monsoonal air. The pre-monsoon seasons in April and May is warm and generally dry and clear, giving way to heavy rainfall from mid-June, while
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#1732783325978540-422: Is a Christian, international, co-educational, residential school in Landour, a small hill station contiguous with the town of Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India. The school traces its origin to the 1850s when a group of English ladies were enlisted by British officers and American missionaries to provide a Protestant education for girls. Hill station A hill station is a town located at a higher elevation than
585-864: Is a museum in Uttarakhand that showcases cultural heritage of the state in different art formations yurts. There is a Christian institution called the Landour Community Hospital. It is a small mission hospital run by the Emmanuel Hospital Association, Delhi catering to the medical needs of the people on the hills for the last 75 years. The schools include Convent of Jesus and Mary, Waverly (1845), St. George's College (1853), Woodstock School (1854), Oak Grove School (1888), Wynberg-Allen (1888), Guru Nanak Fifth Centenary (1969), and Convent of Jesus and Mary Hampton Court. St. George's College, Mussoorie (founded in 1853)
630-534: Is amongst the oldest and most reputed schools in the country. It has been run by the Patrician Brothers since 1893. Spread over 400 acres (1.6 km), the school is popularly referred to as 'Manor House'. Over the years, its alumni have made distinguished contributions in several fields, especially in serving the armed forces of the nation. The school's imposing facade stands out as one of the main architectural attractions of Mussoorie. Woodstock School
675-583: Is around 918 compared to Uttarakhand state average of 890. Tourism, concentrated during summer and winter, is the most significant segment of the Mussoorie economy. Bhadraj Temple is a famous temple in Yamuna Valley. It is dedicated to Balarama , the brother of Krishna . People visit here to go trekking and for camping. Greenfield is a safe place for camping here. There are views of the Chaukhamba and Banderpunch peaks. As of October 2023,
720-484: Is named. It is 6 km (3.5 mi) from Gandhi Chowk and a scenic walk from Library Bazaar, although accessible by road transport to at least Haathi Paon. The place provides a view of Doon Valley on one side and a panoramic view of the Aglar River valley and the peaks of the Himalayan ranges on the other. Happy Valley lies on the western side of Library Point. The tourist attraction includes Tibetan sanctuaries,
765-561: Is on the Mussoorie-Jharipani road, 8.5 km (5.5 mi) from Mussoorie. Mossy Fall is surrounded by a dense forest and is 7 km (4.5 mi) from Mussoorie, and is accessed via Barlowganj or Balahisar. At Park Estate are the remains of the building and laboratory of Sir George Everest , the Surveyor-General of India from 1830 to 1843. It is after George Everest that the world's highest peak Mt. Everest
810-457: Is popularly known as The Queen of the Hills . In the recent years, Mussoorie has again gained popularity as an upcoming travel destination with many attractions such as Camel's back road, Dhanaulti, Lal Tibba, etc. Uttarakhand Government reported 3.02 million (30.23 Lacs) travelers to Mussoorie in 2019. Mussoorie has long been known as Queen of the Hills. The name Mussoorie is often attributed to
855-473: Is today headquartered. The first Tibetan school was established in Mussoorie in 1960. Tibetans settled mainly in Happy Valley . Today, about 5,000 Tibetans live in Mussoorie. Mussoorie has an average elevation of about 2,005 metres (6,578 ft). The highest point is "Lal Tibba", at a height of about 2,275 m (7,464 ft), although the name Lal Tibba is now also used to describe a lookout point,
900-618: The 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s, and stayed at the Savoy Hotel . They also spent time in nearby Dehradun , where Nehru's sister Vijayalakshmi Pandit ultimately settled full-time. On 20 April 1959, during the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion , the 14th Dalai Lama took up residence at Mussoorie, this until April 1960 when he relocated to Dharamsala in Himachal Pradesh, where the Central Tibetan Administration
945-559: The Doon Valley. At an altitude of 2,240 m (7,350 ft) Jwalaji Temple is 9 km (5.5 mi) west from Mussoorie, and cannot be accessed by vehicle although a motor road goes most of the way from Mussoorie. It is at the top of Benog Hill and contains an idol of the Goddess Durga; from the temple is a view of the valley of the Aglar River. Cloud End is surrounded by thick deodar forest. The bungalow, built-in 1835 by
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#1732783325978990-521: The Indian state of Himachal Pradesh , are two example of that misuse of Hill Station or more accurately deviation of its meaning. These two historical settlements existed prior to the British, and haven't been specially frequented by them or even extensively modified or shaped by them. However, the rise of internal domestic tourism in India from the eighties and the subsequent reproduction of Hill Station practice by urban middle-class Indians contributed to
1035-604: The Mall road. The cable car was constructed by the efforts of Mr. Hukam Singh Pawar when he was the chairman, Mussoorie Municipal Board. At Gun Hill is a cannon previously used to sound midday time for the local inhabitants. It is the second-highest spot after Lal Tibba. The Kempty Falls , 12 m (40 ft) high and 1,400 m (4,500 ft) above sea level, is 15 km (9.3 mi) from Mussoorie, accessed by track and ropeway from Mussoorie-Yamuna Bridge Road. The Britishers on their way to and from Mussoorie to Chakrata camped at
1080-724: The Tibetan temple in Happy Valley to reach. [1] Renest Dunsvirk Court, a luxury boutique hotel in Mussoorie , is perched a top a hill, offering an exquisite blend of history and modernity. Originally owned by Lords Dunsvirk and Guthrie during the British Raj, this historic property was later acquired by the Maharaja of Baroda. It was transformed into a hotel in 1989 and has recently been meticulously restored to preserve its traditional architecture while adding modern amenities for
1125-500: The colonial structuring of a segregational and ontological divide between Indians and Europeans, and as institutional sites of imperial power." William Dalrymple wrote that "The viceroy was the spider at the heart of Simla's web: From his chambers in Viceregal Lodge, he pulled the strings of an empire that stretched from Rangoon in the east to Aden in the west." Meanwhile Judith T Kenny observed that "the hill station as
1170-441: The discerning traveler. Situated at the highest elevation in Mussoorie at 7200 feet, Renest Dunsvirk Court provides guests with unparalleled 360-degree panoramic views of majestic snow-capped peaks and lush deodar forests. The expansive 4.5-acre property features an open lawn, a banquet hall, ample parking, a restaurant and bar, a high-end wellness spa, and a fully-equipped gym, ensuring a luxurious and rejuvenating stay. Bala Hisar
1215-466: The district of Saharanpur by 1819. Mussoorie as a resort was established in 1825 by Captain Frederick Young , a British military officer. With F. J. Shore , the resident Superintendent of Revenues at Dehradun, who explored the region and built a shooting lodge on Camel's Back Road. Young became a magistrate of Doon in 1823. He raised the first Gurkha Regiment and planted the first potatoes in
1260-476: The drive from Clouds End to Dudhli village is cumbersome in a difficult terrain. It would be preferable to trek from Clouds End to Dudhli village. The trek from Dudhli village to the Temple is about 5 km in steep gradient. Dhanaulti is a hill station located 24 km (15 mi) away from Mussoorie. The Doon Valley and snow-covered Garhwal Himalayas can be viewed from there. Camel's Back Road incorporates
1305-495: The evolution of hill stations in India: high refuge, high refuge to hill station, and hill station to town. The first settlements started in the 1820s, primarily as sanitoria. In the 1840s and 1850s, there was a wave of new hill stations, with the main impetus being "places to rest and recuperate from the arduous life on the plains". In the second half of the 19th century, there was a period of consolidation with few new hill stations. In
1350-667: The falls for tea and therefore the name Camp Tea became Kempty. About 5 km (3 mi) before Kempty Falls on the Mussoorie-Kempty road is Lake Mist, through which flows the Kempty river with its numerous small waterfalls. The resort of Lake Mist provides accommodation, restaurant facilities and boating. The Municipal Garden provides an artificial mini-lake with paddle boats. It is 4 km (2.5 mi) by road transport and 2 km (1 mi) via Waverly Convent School road on foot. The newly developed (1994) Mussoorie Lake
1395-531: The final phase, "hill stations reached their zenith in the late nineteenth century. The political importance of the official stations was underscored by the inauguration of large and costly public-building projects." The concept of Hill Station has been used loosely in India (and more broadly South Asia) since the mid-20th century to qualify any town or settlement in mountainous areas, which attempt to expand its local economy toward tourism, or have been invested by recent mass tourism practices. Kullu and Manali in
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1440-489: The first reasons in the early 1800s, was for the place to act as a sanitorium for the ailing family members of British officials. After the rebellion of 1857 , the British "sought further distance from what they saw as a disease-ridden land by [escaping] to the Himalayas in the north". Other factors included anxieties about the dangers of life in India, among them "fear of degeneration brought on by too long residence in
1485-634: The labelling of these two localities as Hill Stations . Munnar , a settlement in the state of Kerala whose economy is primarily based on tea cultivation and processing , as well as plantation agriculture, is another example of a hill town transformed by contemporaneous tourism practices as a hill station. Most hill stations, listed by region: Hundreds of hill stations are located in India. The most popular hill stations in India include: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Punjab Sindh Balochistan Gilgit Baltistan Central Tibetan Administration Too Many Requests If you report this error to
1530-522: The largest number of hill stations, most are situated at an altitude of approximately 1,000 to 2,500 metres (3,300 to 8,200 ft). Nandi Hills is a 11th-century hill station that was developed by the Ganga dynasty in present-day Karnataka , India. Tipu Sultan (1751–1799) notably used it as a summer retreat. Hill stations in British India were established for a variety of reasons. One of
1575-513: The nearby plain or valley. The English term was originally used mostly in colonial Asia , but also in Africa (albeit rarely), for towns founded by European colonialists as refuges from the summer heat and, as Dale Kennedy observes about the Indian context, "the hill station (...) was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". The term is still used in present day, particularly in India, which has
1620-439: The north. After the construction of TV Tower the binocular was shifted on the Landour ridge towards west which is now named as Lal Tibba and is located near "Childer's Lodge". Gun Hill is the second highest point of Mussoorie, at an altitude of 2,024 m (6,640 ft) and at 30°29′43″N 78°04′28″E / 30.4953°N 78.0745°E / 30.4953; 78.0745 , and is accessed by cable car constructed from
1665-558: The post-monsoon season is also dry and clear but substantially cooler. In winter, rainfall is a little more frequent than in the pre-and post-monsoon seasons, and the general weather cool and partly cloudy. Mussoorie usually receives a few spells of snowfall in December, January and February, although the number of snowy days has come down in recent years due to a combination of local and global factors, such as deforestation, construction activity and global warming. Between October and February
1710-461: The public, provides a woodland habitat for indigenous birds, and animals. Mall Road, with architectural evidence of a colonial past, is a shopping area at the centre of Mussoorie, and contains shops, cafes, video game establishments, skating rinks, a nearby Tibetan market place, and a Methodist church. The Mall road starts from Picture Palace in the east to Library point towards the west. Lal Tibba, also called Depot Hill because of its former use as
1755-403: The seats of government and foci of elite social activity", and created racial distinctions which perpetuated British colonial power and oppression as Nandini Bhattacharya notes. Dale Kennedy observed that "the hill station, then, was seen as an exclusive British preserve: here it was possible to render the Indian into an outsider". Kennedy, following Monika Bührlein, identifies three stages in
1800-519: The southern tip of the country. Although unsuccessful, the Surveyor General of India at the time, George Everest , wanted the new office of the Survey of India to be based in Mussoorie; a compromise location was Dehradun , where it remains. The same year the first beer brewery at Mussoorie was established by Sir Henry Bohle as "The Old Brewery". The brewery opened and closed twice before it
1845-481: The town shows the rare " winterline " phenomenon. The Mussoorie Municipal Council is the civic or urban local body that governs the city. It is essentially the city government and differs from the MDDA (Mussoorie Dehradun Development Board), which is a state run organisation. This corporation consists of 13 wards and is headed by a Chairman who presides over a deputy chairman and 12 other corporators representing
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1890-534: The valley. His tenure in Mussoorie ended in 1844, after which he served in Dimapur and Darjeeling , later retiring as a General and returning to Ireland. There are no memorials to commemorate Young in Mussoorie. However, there is a Young Road in Dehradun on which ONGC 's Tel Bhawan stands. In 1832, Mussoorie was the intended terminus of the Great Trigonometric Survey of India that began at
1935-479: The wards. The Chairman is elected directly through a first-past-the-post voting system and the deputy chairman is elected by the corporators from among their numbers. The council is composed of elected officials like the mayor and corporators , administrative officials, like the Executive Officer and technical officers who have expertise in various domains. As of 2011 India census , Mussoorie had
1980-618: Was built by City Board and Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority . The lake, providing pedal boats and views of Doon Valley and nearby villages, is 6 km (3.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the Mussoorie-Dehradun road. Bhatta Falls are 7 km (4.5 mi) from Mussoorie on the Mussoorie-Dehradun Road near the village of Bhatta. The falls are 3 km (2 mi) by foot from Bhatta which can also be reached by ropeway started around in 2019 Jharipani Fall
2025-497: Was re-established by Sir John Mackinnon as Mackinnon & Co. in 1850. By 1901, Mussoorie's population had grown to 6,461, rising to 15,000 in the summer. Earlier, Mussoorie was approachable by road from Saharanpur , 58 miles (93 km) away. Accessibility became easier in 1900 with the railway coming to Dehradun , thus shortening the road trip to 21 miles (34 km). The Nehru family, including Nehru's daughter Indira (later Indira Gandhi ) were frequent visitors to Mussoorie in
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