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85-523: The Galaxy Note 3 is the only smartphone in its series to be equipped with temperature and humidity sensors and a touch screen able to detect a floating finger, all of which were first featured on the Galaxy S4 released earlier that year. Samsung sold 5 million units of the Galaxy Note 3 within its first month of sale and broke 10 million units sales in just 2 months. The Galaxy Note 3's design

170-425: A platinum resistance thermometer, so these two will disagree slightly at around 50 °C. There may be other causes due to imperfections in the instrument, e.g. in a liquid-in-glass thermometer if the capillary tube varies in diameter. For many purposes reproducibility is important. That is, does the same thermometer give the same reading for the same temperature (or do replacement or multiple thermometers give

255-559: A temperature scale which now (slightly adjusted) bears his name . In 1742, Anders Celsius (1701–1744) proposed a scale with zero at the boiling point and 100 degrees at the freezing point of water, though the scale which now bears his name has them the other way around. French entomologist René Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur invented an alcohol thermometer and, temperature scale in 1730, that ultimately proved to be less reliable than Fahrenheit's mercury thermometer. The first physician to use thermometer measurements in clinical practice

340-468: A widescreen aspect ratio of 16:9 , thus implying a resolution of 1280×720 px (0.9 megapixels ). 720i (720 lines interlaced ) is an erroneous term found in numerous sources and publications. Typically, it is a typographical error in which the author is referring to the 720p HDTV format. However, in some cases it is incorrectly presented as an actual alternative format to 720p. No proposed or existing broadcast standard permits 720 interlaced lines in

425-459: A 720p format, which has a resolution of 1280×720p. The number 720 stands for the 720 horizontal scan lines of image display resolution (also known as 720 pixels of vertical resolution). The p stands for progressive scan , i.e. non-interlaced. When broadcast at 60 frames per second, 720p features the highest temporal resolution possible under the ATSC and DVB standards. The term assumes

510-567: A browser's URL bar and a preview bubble from the seek bar of the Samsung video player (as also known from the desktop websites of YouTube and Dailymotion ). The S Pen can also be used for scrolling by hovering it to the upper or lower edge of the screen, and hovering above folders on the home screen does expand the icons. The Galaxy Note 3 is the only mobile phone in the Samsung Galaxy Note series to support Air View with both

595-414: A closed system, the final state of the system is never colder than the initial state; except for phase changes with latent heat, it is hotter than the initial state. There are several principles on which empirical thermometers are built, as listed in the section of this article entitled "Primary and secondary thermometers". Several such principles are essentially based on the constitutive relation between

680-529: A compatible port. The battery size of the Galaxy Note 3 is 3200 mAh , which is 200 mAh higher than its predecessor. On the Unpacked keynote of the Galaxy Note 3, Samsung has claimed significant improvements over the Galaxy Note 2's battery run time due to increased efficiency, such as four hours of additional video playback time. The LTE version sold in the European Union and North America of

765-447: A constant volume air thermometer. Constant volume thermometers do not provide a way to avoid the problem of anomalous behaviour like that of water at approximately 4 °C. Planck's law very accurately quantitatively describes the power spectral density of electromagnetic radiation, inside a rigid walled cavity in a body made of material that is completely opaque and poorly reflective, when it has reached thermodynamic equilibrium, as

850-534: A coordinate manifold of material behaviour. The points L {\displaystyle L} of the manifold M {\displaystyle M} are called 'hotness levels', and M {\displaystyle M} is called the 'universal hotness manifold'." To this information there needs to be added a sense of greater hotness; this sense can be had, independently of calorimetry , of thermodynamics , and of properties of particular materials, from Wien's displacement law of thermal radiation :

935-439: A digital display or input to a computer. Thermometers may be described as empirical or absolute. Absolute thermometers are calibrated numerically by the thermodynamic absolute temperature scale. Empirical thermometers are not in general necessarily in exact agreement with absolute thermometers as to their numerical scale readings, but to qualify as thermometers at all they must agree with absolute thermometers and with each other in

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1020-432: A function of absolute thermodynamic temperature alone. A small enough hole in the wall of the cavity emits near enough blackbody radiation of which the spectral radiance can be precisely measured. The walls of the cavity, provided they are completely opaque and poorly reflective, can be of any material indifferently. This provides a well-reproducible absolute thermometer over a very wide range of temperatures, able to measure

1105-414: A larger screen surface together. Due to the large screen size of the device, a new feature that allows simulating a smaller screen size for single-handed operation has been added. An FTP client feature has been added to the precluded " My Files " file manager , and a search feature has been added to the system settings. In addition to the camera functionality of the Galaxy S4 from earlier that year,

1190-399: A medically accurate body temperature. Traditional thermometers were all non-registering thermometers. That is, the thermometer did not hold the temperature reading after it was moved to a place with a different temperature. Determining the temperature of a pot of hot liquid required the user to leave the thermometer in the hot liquid until after reading it. If the non-registering thermometer

1275-476: A numerical value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in technology and industry to monitor processes, in meteorology , in medicine ( medical thermometer ), and in scientific research. While an individual thermometer is able to measure degrees of hotness, the readings on two thermometers cannot be compared unless they conform to an agreed scale. Today there

1360-405: A platinum resistance thermometer with a digital display to 0.1 °C (its precision) which has been calibrated at 5 points against national standards (−18, 0, 40, 70, 100 °C) and which is certified to an accuracy of ±0.2 °C. According to British Standards , correctly calibrated, used and maintained liquid-in-glass thermometers can achieve a measurement uncertainty of ±0.01 °C in

1445-531: A recipe for building a "Fountain which trickles by the Action of the Sun's Rays," a more elaborate version of Philo's pneumatic experiment but which worked on the same principle of heating and cooling air to move water around. Translations of the ancient work Pneumatics were introduced to late 16th century Italy and studied by many, including Galileo Galilei , who had read it by 1594. The Roman Greek physician Galen

1530-512: A scale of 8 degrees. The word comes from the Greek words θερμός , thermos , meaning "hot" and μέτρον, metron , meaning "measure". The above instruments suffered from the disadvantage that they were also barometers , i.e. sensitive to air pressure. In 1629, Joseph Solomon Delmedigo , a student of Galileo and Santorio in Padua, published what is apparently the first description and illustration of

1615-426: A sealed liquid-in-glass thermometer. It is described as having a bulb at the bottom of a sealed tube partially filled with brandy. The tube had a numbered scale. Delmedigo did not claim to have invented this instrument. Nor did he name anyone else as its inventor. In about 1654, Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1610–1670) did produce such an instrument, the first modern-style thermometer, dependent on

1700-542: A short period of time, some users found that the home button on the phone was “loose and began to shift”. Some images uploaded by affected users shows that the Home button would shift up, down, left, or right when pressing the Home button on their Note 3 after only 3 hours of use. In a poll conducted by Android Police, there were 2,017 Note 3 users complaining that their home button was affected, but only 1150 users did not encounter this problem. Thermometer A thermometer

1785-410: A spherical panorama and a "Golf mode" feature were added. Spherical panorama, which is referred to in the software as "photo sphere", merges pictures captured in all directions from a point, and "Golf mode" captures golf swings for forward and reverse playback. A subsequent software update inherited the "Virtual Tour" feature from the 2014 Galaxy S5 , which can create 3D room tours with a map which tracks

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1870-514: A symmetrically-shaped stylus were also noted. However, the My Magazine app was panned for being a "tacked on" gimmick. TechRadar considered the Galaxy Note 3 to be an evolution in comparison to its predecessor (including its faster hardware and bigger screen), but criticized the device's design for not looking as "slick and premium" in real life as it did during the promotional video. Some Note 3s had quality control issues. After using it for

1955-435: A thermometric material must have three properties: (1) Its heating and cooling must be rapid. That is to say, when a quantity of heat enters or leaves a body of the material, the material must expand or contract to its final volume or reach its final pressure and must reach its final temperature with practically no delay; some of the heat that enters can be considered to change the volume of the body at constant temperature, and

2040-403: A thermoscope and a thermometer is that the latter has a scale. A thermometer is simply a thermoscope with a scale. ... I propose to regard it as axiomatic that a “meter” must have a scale or something equivalent. ... If this is admitted, the problem of the invention of the thermometer becomes more straightforward; that of the invention of the thermoscope remains as obscure as ever. Given this,

2125-463: A universality character of thermodynamic equilibrium, that it has the universal property of producing blackbody radiation. There are various kinds of empirical thermometer based on material properties. Many empirical thermometers rely on the constitutive relation between pressure, volume and temperature of their thermometric material. For example, mercury expands when heated. If it is used for its relation between pressure and volume and temperature,

2210-432: Is a device that measures temperature (the hotness or coldness of an object) or temperature gradient (the rates of change of temperature in space). A thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the pyrometric sensor in an infrared thermometer ) in which some change occurs with a change in temperature; and (2) some means of converting this change into

2295-466: Is a fundamental character of temperature and thermometers. As it is customarily stated in textbooks, taken alone, the so-called " zeroth law of thermodynamics " fails to deliver this information, but the statement of the zeroth law of thermodynamics by James Serrin in 1977, though rather mathematically abstract, is more informative for thermometry: "Zeroth Law – There exists a topological line M {\displaystyle M} which serves as

2380-565: Is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. Internationally agreed temperature scales are designed to approximate this closely, based on fixed points and interpolating thermometers. The most recent official temperature scale is the International Temperature Scale of 1990 . It extends from 0.65  K (−272.5 °C; −458.5 °F) to approximately 1,358 K (1,085 °C; 1,985 °F). Sparse and conflicting historical records make it difficult to pinpoint

2465-530: Is attached replacing the default rear cover rather than covering it, and is detected through pins on its inner side rather than a hall sensor used on the Galaxy S4. The Galaxy Note 3 comes with Android 4.3 "Jelly Bean" and Samsung's proprietary TouchWiz NatureUX 2.5 user interface and software. Additional pen-oriented features have been added to the Note 3's software. The Galaxy Note 3 has inherited

2550-404: Is called the latent heat of expansion at constant temperature ; and the rest of it can be considered to change the temperature of the body at constant volume, and is called the specific heat at constant volume . Some materials do not have this property, and take some time to distribute the heat between temperature and volume change. (2) Its heating and cooling must be reversible. That is to say,

2635-404: Is created, sucking liquid up into the tube. Any changes in the position of the liquid will now indicate whether the air in the sphere is getting hotter or colder. Translations of Philo's experiment from the original ancient Greek were utilized by Robert Fludd sometime around 1617 and used as the basis for his air thermometer. In his book, Pneumatics , Hero of Alexandria (10–70 AD) provides

Samsung Galaxy Note 3 - Misplaced Pages Continue

2720-574: Is equipped with thermometer and hygrometer sensors, mainly used by the Samsung S Health app and some third-party weather station software. For detecting the floating finger for Air View functionality, the Galaxy Note 3 is equipped with an additional self-capacitive touch screen layer. The Galaxy Note 3 is equipped with a 13-megapixel (4128×3096) rear-facing camera capable of filming video footage in 4K (2160p) resolution at 30 frames per second (capped at 5 minutes per video) and in 1080p at 60 frames per second. Slow motion video footage

2805-475: Is equipped with the common sensors ( accelerometer , gyroscope , digital compass , front-facing proximity sensor and a barometer sensor). In addition, it has a sensor for the air hand gestures ( Quick glance , Air jump , Air browse and Air call-accept ) and a hall sensor for detecting the closure of the S-View Cover accessory. As the only Samsung flagship mobile phone next to the Galaxy S4 , it

2890-546: Is given credit for introducing two concepts important to the development of a scale of temperature and the eventual invention of the thermometer. First, he had the idea that hotness or coldness may be measured by "degrees of hot and cold." He also conceived of a fixed reference temperature, a mixture of equal amounts of ice and boiling water, with four degrees of heat above this point and four degrees of cold below. 16th century physician Johann Hasler developed body temperature scales based on Galen's theory of degrees to help him mix

2975-463: Is recorded at 720p at 120 frames per second, but without audio track. The pre-installed video player software benefits from the raised video resolution, as it allows zooming in during playback, frame-by-frame navigation while paused, and extracting frames as standalone photographs. Only the Snapdragon variant can record in 4K. The Exynos variant supports recording at up to 1080p only. Like

3060-474: Is slightly lighter. The speaker is placed at the bottom instead of the back, while placed on the rear side on the Note 1, 2 and 4., in comparison to the back side speaker of the Note 1, Note 2 and Note 4. The Galaxy Note 3 was first made available in black, white, and pink. In December 2013, Samsung introduced three new color schemes for select markets; black with gold-colored trim, white with rose gold-colored trim, and red with silver-colored trim. The display of

3145-471: Is smaller than a micrometre , and new methods and materials have to be used. Nanothermometry is used in such cases. Nanothermometers are classified as luminescent thermometers (if they use light to measure temperature) and non-luminescent thermometers (systems where thermometric properties are not directly related to luminescence). Thermometers used specifically for low temperatures. Various thermometric techniques have been used throughout history such as

3230-584: The Galaxy S4 , released half a year earlier, the rear camera of the Note 3 uses the Sony Exmor RS IMX135 image sensor. The camera software and user interface resembles that of the S4 as well. The Note 3 is the first Samsung mobile phone and one of the first mobile phones to support 2160p video recording , 1080p at 60 frames per second (compared to 30 fps) and 720p at 120 frames per second. The front camera has an aperture of f / 2.4 and uses

3315-609: The Galileo thermometer to thermal imaging. Medical thermometers such as mercury-in-glass thermometers, infrared thermometers, pill thermometers , and liquid crystal thermometers are used in health care settings to determine if individuals have a fever or are hypothermic . 720p 720p (720 lines progressive) is a progressive HD signal format with 720 horizontal lines/1280 columns and an aspect ratio (AR) of 16:9 , normally known as widescreen HD (1.78:1). All major HD broadcasting standards (such as SMPTE 292M ) include

3400-554: The Galaxy Note 3 (N9005) uses a 2.3 GHz quad-core Snapdragon 800 chip, while the GSM -only model (N9000/N9006) sold outside aforementioned regions uses an octa-core Exynos 5420 , consisting of four 1.9 GHz Cortex-A15 cores and four 1.3 GHz Cortex-A7 cores. Testing has shown similar performance for both models. Galaxy Note 3 Duos (N9002) is based on the LTE variant but adds an additional second SIM card slot. The Galaxy Note 3

3485-472: The Galaxy Note 3 implement a regional lockout system in certain regions; requiring that the SIM card used on a European and North American model be from a carrier in that region. While a Samsung spokesperson claimed that the lock would be removed once a valid SIM card is used, it was reported by users that this was not the case. Although an XDA Developers user developed a tool to clear the carrier blacklist that

Samsung Galaxy Note 3 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3570-557: The Galaxy Note 3 is a 5.7-inch 1080p Super AMOLED display, which is 0.2 inches larger than the 5.5-inch display of the Galaxy Note 2 , and a resolution upgraded from the Note 2's 720p display. The device includes 3 GB of RAM for the first time in a mobile phone, and internal storage options of 16 GB, 32 GB and 64 GB. The Galaxy Note 3 is also the first smartphone to include support for USB 3.0 , which enables faster data transfers and charging when connected to

3655-462: The Renaissance period. In the 3rd century BC, Philo of Byzantium documented his experiment with a tube submerged in a container of liquid on one end and connected to an air-tight, hollow sphere on the other. When air in the sphere is heated with a candle or by exposing it to the sun, expanding air exits the sphere and generates bubbles in the vessel. As air in the sphere cools, a partial vacuum

3740-603: The SM-N900V has to be changed to a developer version in order to use TWRP/FlashFire, and the AT&;T model can only be used with FlashFire. The Verge complimented the incremental improvements to the Galaxy Note 3's hardware and software, considering it to be the company's "best attempt yet at making touch input optional on a mobile device." Its overall design was considered to be "cohesive and well thought-out" despite Samsung's continuing use of plastic, and subtle changes such as

3825-425: The ability to create Action Memos (digital post-it notes ), weather information, S Health step counter (if activated), and a basic photo camera interface with the ability to browse recent photos. The size of the preview window has doubled compared to it on the Galaxy S4 , the earliest Samsung device to feature such accessory. Features listed above since music playback controls have been added. The accessory

3910-402: The absolute temperature of a body inside the cavity. A thermometer is called primary or secondary based on how the raw physical quantity it measures is mapped to a temperature. As summarized by Kauppinen et al., "For primary thermometers the measured property of matter is known so well that temperature can be calculated without any unknown quantities. Examples of these are thermometers based on

3995-429: The appropriate amount of medicine for patients. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, several European scientists, notably Galileo Galilei and Italian physiologist Santorio Santorio developed devices with an air-filled glass bulb, connected to a tube, partially filled with water. As the air in the bulb warms or cools, the height of the column of water in the tube falls or rises, allowing an observer to compare

4080-556: The bottom of the screen, and an updated version of S Note. The Galaxy Note 3 is the first mobile phone with the ability to open a supported range of applications into floating pop-up windows . By default however, the feature is only accessible using the so-called Air Command menu opened using the button on the stylus. The stylus allows accessing Samsung Air View , which shows a preview of content when hovered above it, including albums in Samsung's precluded gallery software, SMS messages, speed dial contact information, text boxes such as

4165-402: The current height of the water to previous heights to detect relative changes of the heat in the bulb and its immediate environment. Such devices, with no scale for assigning a numerical value to the height of the liquid, are referred to as a thermoscope because they provide an observable indication of sensible heat (the modern concept of temperature was yet to arise). The difference between

4250-455: The defining points in the International Temperature Scale of 1990 , though in practice the melting point of water is more commonly used than its triple point, the latter being more difficult to manage and thus restricted to critical standard measurement. Nowadays manufacturers will often use a thermostat bath or solid block where the temperature is held constant relative to a calibrated thermometer. Other thermometers to be calibrated are put into

4335-455: The direction. On January 13, 2014, an update to Android 4.4.2 "KitKat" was first made available through Samsung Kies in Poland for LTE models. The update adds user interface tweaks such as a camera shortcut on the corner of the lock screen, options for setting default launcher and text messaging applications, support for printing, and a new location settings menu for tracking and controlling

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4420-446: The equation of state of a gas, on the velocity of sound in a gas, on the thermal noise voltage or current of an electrical resistor, and on the angular anisotropy of gamma ray emission of certain radioactive nuclei in a magnetic field ." In contrast, "Secondary thermometers are most widely used because of their convenience. Also, they are often much more sensitive than primary ones. For secondary thermometers knowledge of

4505-527: The expansion of a liquid and independent of air pressure. Many other scientists experimented with various liquids and designs of thermometer. However, each inventor and each thermometer was unique — there was no standard scale . Early attempts at standardization added a single reference point such as the freezing point of water. The use of two references for graduating the thermometer is said to have been introduced by Joachim Dalence in 1668, although Christiaan Huygens (1629–1695) in 1665 had already suggested

4590-573: The first showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer was by Santorio Santorio in 1625. This was a vertical tube, closed by a bulb of air at the top, with the lower end opening into a vessel of water. The water level in the tube was controlled by the expansion and contraction of the air, so it was what we would now call an air thermometer. The word thermometer (in its French form) first appeared in 1624 in La Récréation Mathématique by Jean Leurechon , who describes one with

4675-421: The following way: given any two bodies isolated in their separate respective thermodynamic equilibrium states, all thermometers agree as to which of the two has the higher temperature, or that the two have equal temperatures. For any two empirical thermometers, this does not require that the relation between their numerical scale readings be linear, but it does require that relation to be strictly monotonic . This

4760-414: The highest or lowest temperature recorded until manually re-set, e.g., by shaking down a mercury-in-glass thermometer, or until an even more extreme temperature is experienced. Electronic registering thermometers may be designed to remember the highest or lowest temperature, or to remember whatever temperature was present at a specified point in time. Thermometers increasingly use electronic means to provide

4845-421: The interaction functionality of the Galaxy S4 , such as Air View , Air Gestures, Samsung SmartScreen and on-screen motion gestures. The split-screen view is able to run select applications twice, and allows dragging and dropping items in between. The Samsung Group Play software introduced on the Galaxy S4 has been extended by the ability to play back video across up to four Galaxy Note 3 units which form

4930-401: The invention of the thermometer to any single person or date with certitude. In addition, given the many parallel developments in the thermometer's history and its many gradual improvements over time, the instrument is best viewed not as a single invention, but an evolving technology . Early pneumatic devices and ideas from antiquity provided inspiration for the thermometer's invention during

5015-433: The material must be able to be heated and cooled indefinitely often by the same increment and decrement of heat, and still return to its original pressure, volume and temperature every time. Some plastics do not have this property; (3) Its heating and cooling must be monotonic. That is to say, throughout the range of temperatures for which it is intended to work, At temperatures around about 4 °C, water does not have

5100-478: The measured property is not sufficient to allow direct calculation of temperature. They have to be calibrated against a primary thermometer at least at one temperature or at a number of fixed temperatures. Such fixed points, for example, triple points and superconducting transitions, occur reproducibly at the same temperature." Thermometers can be calibrated either by comparing them with other calibrated thermometers or by checking them against known fixed points on

5185-441: The nearest 10 °C or more. Clinical thermometers and many electronic thermometers are usually readable to 0.1 °C. Special instruments can give readings to one thousandth of a degree. However, this precision does not mean the reading is true or accurate, it only means that very small changes can be observed. A thermometer calibrated to a known fixed point is accurate (i.e. gives a true reading) at that point. The invention of

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5270-416: The possible inventors of the thermometer are usually considered to be Galileo, Santorio, Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebbel , or British mathematician Robert Fludd . Though Galileo is often said to be the inventor of the thermometer, there is no surviving document that he actually produced any such instrument. The first clear diagram of a thermoscope was published in 1617 by Giuseppe Biancani (1566 – 1624);

5355-582: The previous behavior, allowing applications to have unlimited access to SD card contents. The update inherited functionality from the Galaxy S5 , including Spherical Panorama and Virtual Tour in the camera software, Download Booster and Samsung Kids Mode . Samsung began rolling out an update to Android 5.0 "Lollipop" in December 2014. Changes visibly affected the user interface, replacing TouchWiz Nature UX 2.5 with 4.0 . Samsung first teased

5440-568: The property (3), and is said to behave anomalously in this respect; thus water cannot be used as a material for this kind of thermometry for temperature ranges near 4 °C. Gases, on the other hand, all have the properties (1), (2), and (3)(a)(α) and (3)(b)(α). Consequently, they are suitable thermometric materials, and that is why they were important in the development of thermometry. According to Preston (1894/1904), Regnault found constant pressure air thermometers unsatisfactory, because they needed troublesome corrections. He therefore built

5525-463: The range 0 to 100 °C, and a larger uncertainty outside this range: ±0.05 °C up to 200 or down to −40 °C, ±0.2 °C up to 450 or down to −80 °C. Thermometers utilize a range of physical effects to measure temperature. Temperature sensors are used in a wide variety of scientific and engineering applications, especially measurement systems. Temperature systems are primarily either electrical or mechanical, occasionally inseparable from

5610-464: The same bath or block and allowed to come to equilibrium, then the scale marked, or any deviation from the instrument scale recorded. For many modern devices calibration will be stating some value to be used in processing an electronic signal to convert it to a temperature. The precision or resolution of a thermometer is simply to what fraction of a degree it is possible to make a reading. For high temperature work it may only be possible to measure to

5695-503: The same image sensor as the Galaxy S4, a Samsung CMOS S5K6B2 , and similarly captures both photos and videos at 1080p (2.1 megapixels); the latter at 30 frames per second. As with other Galaxy Note series devices, the Galaxy Note 3 ships with an S Pen stylus , which has been updated to use a more symmetrical shape. Like on the predecessor, the WACOM digitizer is able to distinguish between 1024 pressure sensitivity levels. Removing

5780-411: The same reading)? Reproducible temperature measurement means that comparisons are valid in scientific experiments and industrial processes are consistent. Thus if the same type of thermometer is calibrated in the same way its readings will be valid even if it is slightly inaccurate compared to the absolute scale. An example of a reference thermometer used to check others to industrial standards would be

5865-421: The search tool S Finder , and Scrapbook (which allows storing and categorizing image and text excerpts from various apps). The multi-window functionality has also been updated with expanded app support, the ability to run multiple instances of a single app, and the ability to drag and drop content between apps. The device also ships with a news aggregator app known as My Magazine, accessible by swiping up from

5950-405: The state of a suitably selected particular material and its temperature. Only some materials are suitable for this purpose, and they may be considered as "thermometric materials". Radiometric thermometry, in contrast, can be only slightly dependent on the constitutive relations of materials. In a sense then, radiometric thermometry might be thought of as "universal". This is because it rests mainly on

6035-531: The stylus and floating fingers. The S-View Cover accessory is a horizontal flip case with a preview window through which the Android status bar (with battery and signal indicators, and notification icons), a clock, and the number of unread messages and missed calls can be seen. There are also interfaces for answering incoming calls and snooze or stop a ringing alarm clock, music playback controls, title and artist name, album cover and playlist browser;

6120-509: The stylus from its compartment or pressing its button whilst hovering over the display activates the new "Air Command" pie menu which provides shortcuts to pen-oriented features such as Action Memos (on-screen sticky notes that use handwriting recognition to detect their contents and provide relevant actions, such as looking up addresses on Google Maps and dialing phone numbers), Screen Write (an annotation tool), Pen Window (which allows users to draw pop-up windows to run certain apps inside),

6205-613: The system uses, it requires that the phone be rooted . A spokesperson claimed that the system was primarily intended to prevent grey market reselling, although some critics suspected that carriers may have asked Samsung to implement the feature in order to force users to roam while travelling by preventing them from using a local SIM card. Samsung also stated that it implemented a similar policy on Galaxy S III , Note II , S4 , and S4 Mini models manufactured after July 2013. The Note 3 variants (Exynos and Snapdragon) can be easily rooted with TWRP/CWM and have custom ROMS installed. However,

6290-568: The system which they control (as in the case of a mercury-in-glass thermometer). Thermometers are used in roadways in cold weather climates to help determine if icing conditions exist. Indoors, thermistors are used in climate control systems such as air conditioners , freezers, heaters , refrigerators , and water heaters . Galileo thermometers are used to measure indoor air temperature, due to their limited measurement range. Such liquid crystal thermometers (which use thermochromic liquid crystals) are also used in mood rings and used to measure

6375-400: The technology to measure temperature led to the creation of scales of temperature . In between fixed calibration points, interpolation is used, usually linear. This may give significant differences between different types of thermometer at points far away from the fixed points. For example, the expansion of mercury in a glass thermometer is slightly different from the change in resistance of

6460-428: The temperature of a bath of thermal radiation is proportional , by a universal constant, to the frequency of the maximum of its frequency spectrum ; this frequency is always positive, but can have values that tend to zero . Another way of identifying hotter as opposed to colder conditions is supplied by Planck's principle , that when a process of isochoric adiabatic work is the sole means of change of internal energy of

6545-408: The temperature of water in fish tanks. Fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors are used in nuclear power facilities to monitor reactor core temperatures and avoid the possibility of nuclear meltdowns . Nanothermometry is an emergent research field dealing with the knowledge of temperature in the sub-micrometric scale. Conventional thermometers cannot measure the temperature of an object which

6630-407: The temperature scale. The best known of these fixed points are the melting and boiling points of pure water. (Note that the boiling point of water varies with pressure, so this must be controlled.) The traditional way of putting a scale on a liquid-in-glass or liquid-in-metal thermometer was in three stages: Other fixed points used in the past are the body temperature (of a healthy adult male) which

6715-521: The unveiling of the Galaxy Note 3 with its announcement of a Samsung Heavy Packed event on September 4, 2013 at IFA Berlin , which contained the tagline "Note the date." The international Galaxy Note 3 was released on September 25, 2013 in over 140 countries, while its U.S. and Japanese releases were released in October 2013. All Galaxy Note 3s will also include a free one-year subscription to Evernote Premium. The American, European and Indian models of

6800-492: The use of graduations based on the melting and boiling points of water as standards and, in 1694, Carlo Renaldini (1615–1698) proposed using them as fixed points along a universal scale. In 1701, Isaac Newton (1642–1726/27) proposed a scale of 12 degrees between the melting point of ice and body temperature . In 1714, scientist and inventor Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit invented a reliable thermometer, using mercury instead of alcohol and water mixtures . In 1724, he proposed

6885-520: The use of location tracking by apps. 4.4 also makes significant changes to the handling of secondary storage on the device for security reasons; applications' access to the SD card is now restricted to designated, app-specific directories only, while full access to internal primary storage is still allowed. Although this behavior has existed by default since Android 3.0 ''Honeycomb'' , OEMs such as Samsung previously modified their distributions of Android to retain

6970-485: Was Herman Boerhaave (1668–1738). In 1866, Sir Thomas Clifford Allbutt (1836–1925) invented a clinical thermometer that produced a body temperature reading in five minutes as opposed to twenty. In 1999, Dr. Francesco Pompei of the Exergen Corporation introduced the world's first temporal artery thermometer, a non-invasive temperature sensor which scans the forehead in about two seconds and provides

7055-466: Was intended to carry a more upscale, "premium" look in comparison to previous Samsung devices. Although it carries a similarly polycarbonate -oriented design to other recent Samsung devices, the Galaxy Note 3 has a faux metallic bezel and a rear cover made of plastic leather with faux stitching . With a thickness of 8.3 mm (0.33 in), it is slightly thinner than the Galaxy Note II, and

7140-531: Was originally used by Fahrenheit as his upper fixed point (96 °F (35.6 °C) to be a number divisible by 12) and the lowest temperature given by a mixture of salt and ice, which was originally the definition of 0 °F (−17.8 °C). (This is an example of a frigorific mixture .) As body temperature varies, the Fahrenheit scale was later changed to use an upper fixed point of boiling water at 212 °F (100 °C). These have now been replaced by

7225-420: Was removed from the hot liquid, then the temperature indicated on the thermometer would immediately begin changing to reflect the temperature of its new conditions (in this case, the air temperature). Registering thermometers are designed to hold the temperature indefinitely, so that the thermometer can be removed and read at a later time or in a more convenient place. Mechanical registering thermometers hold either

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