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118-602: When the university was founded in 1842, the only building on site was the Log Chapel , which had been built in 1831. Under the guidance of the founder and first president Edward Sorin , Old College and the first church and main building were built. The second main building, which constituted almost the entirety of the university facilities, burnt down in 1879, and was followed by the current Main Building . The campus has continued to grow ever since. The architectural style of

236-539: A hockey rink until October 2011. It also houses the Rolfs Aquatic Center (which was added on in 1985) in the rear of the building. The Compton Family Ice Arena is a 5,022-seat, two-rink ice facility . The arena saw its first game on October 21, 2011. The ice arena replaced the 2,857-seat rink in the north dome of the Edmund P. Joyce Center . The Guglielmino Athletics Complex , also known as The Gug,

354-523: A 19-foot (5.8 m) tall statue of "Our Mother", the namesake of the university. The statue was designed and furnished by the female students of the nearby St. Mary's College, and it is a replica of the statue of Mary in Piazza di Spagna in Rome, erected by Pius IX. Flanner Hall and Grace Hall are two 11-story-high buildings that were initially part of a planned complex of five high-rise buildings, yet were

472-408: A Catholic University (1994), a collection of essays on Catholic higher education. Hesburgh continued to deliver speeches and lectures, as well as serving on numerous boards and committees, including his controversial decision in 1994 to co-chair the legal defense fund for President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton with former U.S. Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach . Hesburgh

590-427: A New York construction executive and 1954 civil engineering graduate. Fitzpatrick's 184,960 square-feet were added to Cushing Hall's 104,898 square feet, more than doubling the school's space. Today, with its high-tech laboratories, Fitzpatrick Hall is the primary research, teaching, and computer center for the college, while Cushing is primarily used for office space. Stinson-Remick Hall of Engineering, built in 2009,

708-467: A Pittsburgh Plate Glass warehouse manager, and Anne Murphy Hesburgh. His father was of Luxembourgish ancestry; his mother's family was of Irish descent. Theodore was the second child and oldest son in a family of five children that included two boys and three girls. He attended Most Holy Rosary, a parochial school in Syracuse, and also served as an altar boy. Hesburgh claimed that he had wished to become

826-584: A board member of the American Council on Education ; and a board member of the Institute of International Education , among other education-related groups. In 1990, during his retirement years, Hesburgh became the first priest to be elected to the Harvard Board of Overseers (board of directors), and served from 1994 to 1996 as the board's president. Hesburgh also served as co-chairman of

944-499: A boating facility for student use. There have been speculations regarding the fact that the name of the university references a single lake instead of two. Eddy Street Commons is a mixed-use development that opened in the summer of 2009. It hosts venues, businesses, services, and apartment complexes that make it a small college town for the university. Phase 2 of construction, a $ 150 million development, will include more than 400 apartments, 8,500 sq ft (790 m) of retail,

1062-581: A chaplain at the National Training School for Boys (a juvenile detention facility) and at a military installation. He also ran a large United Service Organization (USO) club in a Knights of Columbus hall in Washington, D.C. Although Hesburgh expressed an interest in serving as a chaplain in the U.S. Navy during World War II, he returned to Notre Dame, Indiana , in 1945, after completion of his studies in Washington, D.C., to begin

1180-493: A coffee shop, and administrative offices. It was built in 1953 by Ellerbe Associates in collegiate Gothic style. Its Great Hall features a crucifix by Croatian sculptor Ivan Meštrović , a bust of Dean Charles E. Sheedy, and 7 stained glass windows, representing the seven liberal arts . The Great Hall also hosts two tapestries that were rediscovered and restored in 2014 when the Hall was restored to its original appearance. One tapestry

1298-485: A combined 84,000-square-feet of research space for aerospace research. Combined, they house 19 major high-speed wind tunnels to provide near-flight conditions for research related to innovations in flight and flight speed, jet engines fuel-efficiency, and other projects for commercial use, national defense, and space exploration. Hessert houses the facilities of the Institute for Flow Physics and Control (FlowPAC), one of

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1416-536: A commitment to academic freedom with independent governance and insisted that "a Catholic university properly developed can even more fully achieve the ideal of a true university." The statement created some controversy because it declared that Catholic universities should be autonomous, free from all authority, including the Catholic Church . Despite the conflicts that the statement initiated, Hesburg's commitment to excellence "transformed Notre Dame into one of

1534-769: A danceclub begins with a DJ , intelligent lighting , and a party atmosphere. Most every nightclub is attached to a theme, or more specifically to a style of music ( salsa , reggaeton , hip hop , bhangra , swing , country , etc.) Notable acts that have performed at Legends include Young Dubliners , Chicago's Plain White T's (2007), Tim Reynolds , Stroke 9 , Ryan Cabrera , Sara Bareilles , Gavin DeGraw , Matt and Kim , Who's Bad Michael Jackson tribute, South Bend's Umphrey's McGee (2003), Blue October (2005), Scott Weiland (2006), Flogging Molly (2007), Gym Class Heroes (2009), Hawthorne Heights (2011), South Bend's Ted Leo and

1652-700: A doctorate in sacred theology in 1945. On June 24, 1943, Hesburgh was ordained a priest for the Congregation of Holy Cross at Notre Dame's Sacred Heart Church (later renamed the Basilica of the Sacred Heart ). Inspired by an inscription carved in stone above the church's door, Hesburgh dedicated his life to "God, Country, and Notre Dame." Afterwards, Father Ted, as he preferred to be called, returned to Washington, D.C. , to complete his studies and assist at area parishes. In addition, Hesburgh served as

1770-636: A gift from her husband. It replaces the previous convent of the Sisters of the Holy Cross. The building cost $ 11.5 million, and houses the Alliance for Catholic Education, a two-year service program that prepares college students to teach in under-resourced Catholic K-12 schools. The program was founded in 1993 by Fathers Timothy Scully and Sean McGraw and serves dioceses in need all over the country by providing education to lower income families. The building

1888-696: A hundred distinguished professorships. Hesburgh supervised dramatic growth at the university and expansion of its endowment, as well as its transition to a coeducational institution which occurred in 1972. During his presidency (1952–87), the annual operating budget increased from $ 9.7 million to $ 176.6 million and the university's endowment increased from $ 9 million to $ 350 million. Research funding increased from $ 735,000 to $ 15 million. Student enrollment nearly doubled from 4,979 to 9,676, and its faculty more than doubled from 389 to 951. The average faculty salary rose from $ 5,400 to $ 50,800. The number of degrees conferred annually doubled from 1,212 to 2,663. While Hesburgh

2006-501: A leader to forge strong alliances, even with those who held different political philosophies. For Hesburgh, civil rights were a moral issue, as he once declared: Our moral blindness has given us a divided America and ugly America complete with black ghettos. …We allow children to grow up in city jungles, to attend disgraceful schools, to be surrounded with every kind of physical and moral ugliness, and then we are surprised if they are low in aspiration and accomplishment. While Hesburgh

2124-564: A letter written on February 27, 1969, that included suggestions for potential actions that could be taken to control the violence on college campuses. Hesburgh, who generally disagreed with the Nixon administration's policy in Vietnam and favored an accelerated withdrawal of the troops, advised against repressive legislation to control campus protests. Hesburgh argued that university and college administrations should be allowed to continue to decide

2242-535: A member of the Holy See 's U.N. delegation in 1974. Pope John Paul II appointed Hesburgh to the Pontifical Council for Culture in 1983. Throughout his career, Hesburgh was active on many advisory boards related to higher education, science, business, and civic affairs. He also traveled the world on behalf of the university and the organizations he served. In the field of higher education, Hesburgh

2360-648: A new Robinson Community Learning Center, and a new Embassy Suites hotel . The university campus is home to two cemeteries, one reserved for members of the Congregation of Holy Cross , and the other open to the general public. Cedar Grove Cemetery was established in 1843 by Rev. Edward Sorin , soon after he founded the university. Notable burials include Dave Duerson , Arthur Erich Haas , Leon Hart , Joe Kernan , Moose Krause , Ray Lemek , Ralph McInerny , Ara Parseghian , Regis Philbin , Jim Seymour , Timothy E. Howard and Lucius G. Tong Holy Cross Cemetery

2478-553: A number of posts on government commissions that included National Science Board and the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, and also served on the boards of non-profit organizations, such as the Rockefeller Foundation , and Vatican missions. His career included at least sixteen presidential appointments involving some of the major social issues of his era: civil rights, campus unrest, Third World development, peaceful uses of atomic energy, and immigration reform, "including

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2596-479: A particular attachment to their undergraduate hall. Each residence hall is directed by one Rector with the assistance of two Assistant Rectors and a variable number of Resident Assistants (from 4 to 9). Every residence hall has a chapel where Mass is held, fields a variety of intramural sports teams, elects one senator to represent the dorm in Student Government, and elects co-presidents which work through

2714-653: A priest since the age of six. Thomas Duffy, a missionary priest from the Congregation of Holy Cross , which owned the University of Notre Dame , encouraged Hesburgh's interest in joining the priesthood. Hesburgh graduated from Most Holy Rosary High School in Syracuse in 1934 and enrolled in the Holy Cross Seminary at Notre Dame in the fall. In 1937, his teachers decided to send the promising young seminarian to study in Rome , Italy , where he graduated from

2832-538: A private office on the library's thirteenth floor. Hesburgh, one of the country's "most respected clergyman," was a strong supporter of interfaith dialogue. He also brought a Catholic perspective to the numerous government commissions, civic initiatives, and other projects in which he was involved. From his position within the American political establishment and as a major figure in the Catholic Church from

2950-417: A public statement on May 4. In an address to a crowd of approximately 2,000 students, Hesburgh spoke against the war and objected to Nixon's decision to send troops into Cambodia . During his conciliatory remarks, Hesburgh also outlined steps that he thought the government could take to address student concerns. On May 18, Hesburgh sent a letter to President Nixon and a copy of his address, which became known as

3068-404: A surface of 106,500 square feet (for a total of 192,500 with Eck Hall of Law), two 50-seat classrooms, a seminar room, 29 group study rooms, and hosts 300,000 book volumes and more than 300,000 volumes in microfilm. The total cost of renovations and expansions was approximately $ 58 million. Mendoza College of Business The Mendoza College of Business main building, located on DeBartolo Quad,

3186-656: A teaching career at the university. Hesburgh joined the Notre Dame faculty as an instructor in the university's Department of Religion in 1945. In 1948 Hesburgh was named head of the Department of Theology, and in 1949 Notre Dame's president, John J. Cavanaugh , C.S.C., appointed Hesburgh executive vice president. Three years later, at the age of thirty-five, Hesburgh succeeded Cavanaugh as president. Hesburgh served as Notre Dame's president for thirty-five years, from 1952 until his retirement in 1987. At that time his

3304-420: A unique undergraduate hall system, where students rarely switch dorms and each dorms builds its own spirit, tradition, mascot, sport teams, events, dances and reputation. Approximately 80% of undergraduate students live on-campus, and generally, a student usually resides in the same dorm for the entirety of their undergraduate career. A huge segment of student life happens though residence halls and students develop

3422-404: Is Cardinal John O'Hara , CSC, the order's first cardinal, who is entombed inside the Basilica of the Sacred Heart on campus. Professor Joseph Lyons, namesake of Lyons Hall , was the first case of a layman being buried there. In 1892, a monument was erected on his tomb, consisting of a granite obelisk with the words "Erected to his memory as a tribute of the affection of the old students." and "He

3540-482: Is 210 feet (64 m) tall, has a 429,780-square-foot (39,928 m) interior, which also hosts study spaces, digital learning infrastructure, rare manuscripts, library administration and several academic centers. In 2015, the university began major renovations to the library that will modernize its interior design. The library system also includes branch libraries for Architecture, Chemistry and Physics, Engineering, Law, and Mathematics , as well as information centers in

3658-591: Is Irish for William) and his namesake Saint William of York . DeBartolo Hall , located on the DeBartolo Quad, is an all-purpose classroom building that is so large it could fit half of the student body at one time. It doubled the university's classroom space when it was built in 1992. Its 73 rooms (consisting of 75% of the university's classroom space) range from Notre Dame's largest lecture hall, which seats 465, to small 20-seat seminar rooms and computer clusters, all equipped with interactive digital learning. It

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3776-482: Is a music venue , public house , and restaurant located on the campus of the University of Notre Dame , just 100 yards south of Notre Dame Stadium . The former Alumni Senior Club opened its doors the first weekend in September 2003, after a $ 3.5 million renovation and transformed into the all-ages student hang-out that currently exists. The building's renovation increased its size by nearly 50%. This transformation

3894-529: Is a res sacra , a sacred reality, and as such is entitled to the opportunity of fulfilling those great human potentials with which God has endowed every man. In 1961 Hesburgh persuaded the Indiana Conference of Higher Education to support a Notre Dame-based pilot project for President John F. Kennedy 's new Peace Corps initiative that trained new volunteers for service in Chile , but he felt that

4012-483: Is a $ 70 million and 160,000-square-foot building that hosts some of the most advanced facilities of the college. These include a nanotechnology research center, which include an 8,500-square-foot semiconductor processing and device fabrication cleanroom , which features industry-grade tools for production of integrated circuits and medical devices with nanometer-sized features. The Hessert Laboratory for Aerospace Research and Hessert Laboratory at White Field offer

4130-522: Is a recruitment, fitness, training, and athletics administration center. It was built in 2005 by McShane Construction and it 96,049 gross square feet and built with a gift from the Don F. and Flora Guglielmino. It hosts the practice locker-rooms and facilities for the football team, weight-training equipment for all student athletes, athletics administration and coach offices, meeting rooms, the Isban auditorium, and

4248-460: Is an outdoor football stadium , home field of the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish . Opened 94 years ago in 1930 , the stadium seating capacity was nearly 60,000 for decades. More than 21,000 seats were added for the 1997 season, which increased the capacity to over 80,000. The playing surface was changed to FieldTurf in 2014 , after 84 seasons on natural grass. The stadium

4366-616: Is dedicated to academic spaces, while the South-East is dedicated to athletics. Apart from the Main Quad, there are six additional quadrangles : North Quad, Mod Quad, and West Quad (mainly residential), South Quad and Bond Quad (mixed residential and academic), and DeBartolo Quad (only academic). The University of Notre Dame is located in Notre Dame, Indiana, a census designated place in St. Joseph County , near South Bend and Mishawaka , in

4484-527: Is environmentally friendly and was awarded the LEED Gold certification. It encloses a cloister garden that recalls the former convent of the Holy Cross novitiate. University Health Services is hosted in Saint Liam Hall . The first University infirmary was destroyed in the great fire of 1879, and rebuilt the same year in the same spot behind Main Building. This structure survived until 1936, when it

4602-539: Is of German or Belgian production from the 17th century, while the other one is from 18th century France. It was featured in the movie Rudy . The Department of Art, Art History, and Design is housed in the Leo and Edna Riley Hall of Art & Design . The building, which built in 1917 as a chemistry hall, was renovated in 1982 thanks to a donation from Allan Riley, a real estate investor and 1957 graduate. The department also houses its graphic and industrial design programs in

4720-662: Is only open to Notre Dame, Saint Mary's College and Holy Cross College students and their guests. Every Thursday, Friday, and Saturday night during the academic year, the club offers free live entertainment in the form of concerts , comedy shows, nightclubs and beyond. There are six events per weekend at Legends featuring live entertainment at 10:00 pm and a nightclub at midnight, which can stay open until as late as 4:00 am. On Thursday nights, Legends hosts low-key events such as "Brew and View" midnight movies, dart tournaments, open pool play, club jazz, karaoke , speed dating , or guitar hero competitions. On Friday and Saturday nights,

4838-428: Is reserved for members of the Congregation of Holy Cross , which founded the university. All burials are identical and composed by a simple stone cross with the name of the deceased and dates of birth and death. Burials include Rev. Edward Sorin , Rev. William Corby , Fr. John Zahm , and Rev. Theodore Hesburgh . All but one of Notre Dame's fourteen deceased presidents are buried in the community cemetery. The exception

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4956-470: Is the only building built in Renaissance style, and one of the two building in stone. At Notre Dame, chapels are found in a number of academic buildings and in every residence hall. There are 57 chapels on campus, including Basilica of the Sacred Heart . Originally known as Sacred Heart Parish, the Basilica of the Sacred Heart also serves as the mother church of the Congregation of Holy Cross in

5074-492: Is undergoing a 400 million dollars expansion project. The Edmund P. Joyce Athletic & Convocation Center , often called the Joyce Center , is a 9,149-seat multi-purpose arena . The arena opened in 1968. It is home to the University of Notre Dame Fighting Irish basketball and volleyball teams. The main arena, Phillip J. Purcell Pavilion, is located in the southern portion of the facility. The northern portion housed

5192-523: The Washington Post . Although Hesburgh received harsh criticism from Notre Dame's students, including requests for his resignation, responses to editorials in 250 newspapers about his "fifteen-minute rule" were nearly all favorable. In addition, President Richard Nixon sent Hesburgh a telegram praising his "tough stance" on the campus's student protests. At President Nixon's request, Hesburgh offered advice to Vice President Spiro Agnew in

5310-586: The Columbus murals , a group of large paintings by Italian painter and Notre Dame professor Luigi Gregori , depicting the discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus . Gregori also painted with figures representing Religion, Philosophy, Science, History, Fame, Poetry and Music the interior of the Golden Dome , the university's most recognizable landmark. It was gilded in gold in 1886 and crowned with

5428-634: The Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics that made significant revisions to the regulation of American collegiate sports. Hesburgh was involved with several science-related projects and organizations. From 1956 until 1970, he served as the permanent Vatican representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna , Austria . In addition to serving on the U.S. National Science Board, Hesburgh

5546-685: The Medal of Freedom , the nation's highest civilian honor. In 2000, Hesburgh was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal , the first person from higher education to receive the honor. On September 1, 2017, the United States Postal Service (USPS) released a First Class postage stamp honoring Hesburgh in the year of the 100th anniversary of his birthday. The release ceremony was held at the Joyce Center at

5664-651: The Michiana region. It is 5 miles (8.0 km) south of the Indiana-Michigan border, and it is served by exit 77 of the Indiana Toll Road, which is concurrent with Interstate 90 and Interstate 80 . The campus has two lakes, which provide its name ( Notre Dame du lac meaning "Our Lady of the Lake"): St. Mary's Lake and St. Joseph's Lake. St. Joseph's Lake has a small beach and pier for swimming and

5782-677: The Pontifical Gregorian University with a bachelor of philosophy degree in 1940. When the American consul in Rome ordered all U.S. citizens to leave Italy in 1940, due to the outbreak of World War II , Hesburgh returned to the United States to continue his studies. He spent three years (1940–43) studying theology at the Holy Cross College in Washington, D.C., and two years (1943–45) studying at The Catholic University of America , where he earned

5900-623: The University of Texas Longhorns in the Cotton Bowl Classic in 1970 raised $ 300,000 for Notre Dame's scholarship fund. Notre Dame, as with other colleges and universities around the country, continued to experience antiwar protests as the Vietnam War proceeded to escalate. In early May 1970, after learning of rumors that a group of students and antiwar activists planned to firebomb the Notre Dame campus's Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) building, Hesburgh responded with

6018-417: The $ 300,000 needed for the new building. The hall was designed by Kervick and Fagan in collegiate Gothic style, and its exterior is decorated with the names of great scientists and engineers on the outside, and with engineering themed mosaics and frescoes on the inside. In 1977, Fitzpatrick Hall was built directly south of Cushing. Built by Ellerbe Associates, it was financed thanks to Edward B. Fitzpatrick,

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6136-462: The 1950s to the 1990s, he used his influence to urge support of political policies and legislation to help solve national problems. Hesburgh remained an activist for most of his adult life, especially in the area of civil rights and equality. He played a significant role in national affairs, beginning in the mid-twentieth century, and became well known for his liberal point of view, which was based on concepts of freedom and autonomy. Hesburgh supported

6254-421: The 1960s, when student demonstrations were held at colleges and universities across the United States, Hesburgh and many other collegiate presidents came under attack. For Notre Dame the climax of student unrest occurred in 1968–69. On February 17, 1969, Hesburgh took a controversial position in dealing with anti-Vietnam War student activism on campus when he issued an eight-page letter to the student body outlining

6372-476: The 1970s and 1980s. To increase student involvement in the administration's decision-making process, Hesburgh added student representatives to university committees. Hesburgh's career included many civic activities, as well as American and international initiatives beyond his work at Notre Dame. Hesburgh estimated he spent about 40 percent of his time off-campus and believed that his civic involvement "enriched" his priesthood. Beginning in 1955, Hesburgh served in

6490-498: The American policy of amnesty for immigrants in the mid-1980s." Hesburgh's first presidential appointment occurred in 1954, when President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him to the National Science Board. Although Hesburgh had no previous experience as an activist supporting civil rights issues, President Eisenhower made him a member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission in 1957, beginning fifteen years of service on

6608-628: The Congregation of Holy Cross to a mixed lay and religious board and oversaw the admittance of women students in 1972. He was also the chairman of the United States Commission on Civil Rights and of the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy. He received numerous awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1964) and a Congressional Gold Medal (1999), and more than 150 honorary degrees. He

6726-549: The Hall Presidents Council (HPC) student organization. The Snite Museum of Art was a fine art museum on the University of Notre Dame campus. It owned over 23,000 works which represent many principal world cultures and periods, with a focus on Western art history . The museum was home to the Kress collection of Italian renaissance and baroque art, as well as an extensive Mesoamerican collection. According to

6844-533: The Hesburgh Declaration. Although campus unrest caused classes to be canceled on May 6, Notre Dame's seven days of protest ended without damage, violence, or National Guard presence as it did on other college campuses, such as Columbia University , the University of California, Berkeley , and elsewhere. By the early 1970s, Hesburgh had become the most well-known American Catholic in the United States. He continued to respond to student concerns during

6962-789: The Hesburgh Institute for International Studies, which Hesburgh founded in 1985, the Hesburgh-Yusko Scholarship, and the Hesburgh International Scholar Experience. Hesburgh's papers are housed in the Archives of the University of Notre Dame. Notre Dame's Hesburgh Library initially opened as the Memorial Library on September 18, 1963, and was renamed in his honor in 1987. In his retirement, Hesburgh maintained

7080-526: The Holy Cross and two physicians staffed the infirmary. In 2007, Mr and Mrs William K. Warren, Jr. donated $ 8 million to the University for the refurbishment of the health center, which was renamed Saint Liam Hall. The Warrens are prominent donors to the University of Notre Dame; the Notre Dame golf course is called the Warren Golf Course. The university stated that the building was named in honor of Mr. Warren's father, William K. Warren, Sr. , (Liam

7198-528: The Holy Cross sisters on the second floor. The original Log Chapel was destroyed in 1856 by a fire, and an identical replica was built in the same spot in 1906. In 1973 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places . In February 1987, Fr. Theodore Hesburgh decided to move the burials of Fr. Louis DeSeille, Fr. Benjamin Petit , and Fr. Francis Cointet, from the Basilica crypt to

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7316-870: The Kennedy administration had a poor record on civil rights issues. In contrast to his assessment of the Kennedy administration's civil rights efforts, Hesburgh praised Lyndon B. Johnson 's work to secure passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 in the U.S. Congress and his courage for supporting the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . Hesburgh also made public appearances to show his support for the civil rights movement. On July 21, 1964, Hesburgh delivered an impromptu speech during Martin Luther King Jr. 's civil rights rally in Chicago , Illinois . At

7434-626: The Knight Commission with William C. "Bill" Friday, former president of the University of North Carolina , and joining the Harvard Board of Overseers in 1990. In 2009, he supported the invitation to Barack Obama to speak at Notre Dame, which was controversial because of Obama's strong endorsement of pro-choice legislation. Hesburgh died on February 26, 2015, at the age of 97. His death, funeral, and memorial service gained widespread media attention. Attendees and speakers at

7552-618: The Loftus Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation Center facilities. The Alumni Soccer Stadium is used for practice and competition for the soccer teams. Log Chapel The Log Chapel was originally built in 1831 by Rev. Fr. Stephen Badin as a mission to the Potawatomi Indians in what would become northern Indiana. It was one of the first Catholic places of worship in Northern Indiana. It

7670-642: The Log Chapel, where Fr. Badin was buried. All three priests had been buried under the original Chapel before Fr. Sorin moved them to the crypt. Theodore Hesburgh Theodore Martin Hesburgh , CSC (May 25, 1917 – February 26, 2015) was an American Catholic priest and academic who was a member of the Congregation of Holy Cross . He is best known for his service as president of the University of Notre Dame for thirty-five years (1952–1987). In addition to his career as an educator and author, Hesburgh

7788-663: The Mendoza College of Business, the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, and a slide library in O'Shaughnessy Hall. Law School The first Law School building was built in 1930. In 2004, the Kresge Law Library became one of the few academic law libraries to own more than 600,000 volumes. This was accomplished mainly under the tenure of

7906-545: The Office of the President and admissions. It was built in 1879, after the previous main building, built in 1865, was destroyed by a fire. Construction started May 17 and was finished by the start of the following academic year. The architect was the American Willoughby J. Edbrooke , principally devoted to the Romanesque style, that is reflected in the design of the building itself. Fifty-six bricklayers and 4.35 million bricks were necessary to complete it, and once finished it stood 187 feet (57 m) tall. The building also houses

8024-460: The Pharmacists (2011), Indiana's The Ataris (2013), Chicago's Jeremih (2013), Red Jumpsuit Apparatus (2013), and Michigan's BØRNS (2016). Legends was recognized as one of the top 12 nightclub music venues in the country on February 7, 2008 at the Pollstar Music Industry Awards at the Nokia Theater in Los Angeles, California , but did not make it as a finalist. The 9:30 Club in Washington, DC took first place. The Notre Dame Stadium

8142-410: The United States. The neo-Gothic church has 44 large stained glass windows and murals completed over a 17-year period by the Vatican painter Luigi Gregori . The basilica bell tower is 218 feet (66 m) high, making it the tallest University chapel in America. Built in 1896, the Grotto is reproduction of the Grotto of Our Lady of Lourdes . There are currently 33 undergraduate residence halls at

8260-414: The University Writing Program, the Center for Student Support and Care, and Academic Services for Student-Athletes. The main hall features a Kugel Fountain , which contains a 13,000 pound granite ball. It was built on the previous site of the Hammes Notre Dame Bookstore. Carole Sandner Hall was named after Carole Sandner, mother of seven foster children, from Lake Bluff, Illinois , after being donated as

8378-426: The University of Notre Dame in 1987, Hesburgh took a year off for travel and vacation. Upon his return, he came to campus to work each day at his new office on the thirteenth floor of the library that eventually bore his name, and wrote his autobiography, God, Country, Notre Dame: The Autobiography of Theodore M. Hesburgh (1990) with Jerry Reedy. The book spent six weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. At

8496-412: The University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana. Hesburgh's awards include, among many others: In a flight that took place on February 28, 1979, Hesburgh, one of a very few number of civilians to ride in a Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, flew at Mach 3.35 (about 2,200 miles per hour) as a favor owed to him by President Jimmy Carter. In 1982, after receiving his ninetieth honorary degree, Hesburgh's name

8614-406: The University of Notre Dame. Each residence hall is single sex, with 17 all-male residence halls, 15 all-female residence halls, and one used while other dorms are being refurbished. All first-year students are not only guaranteed on-campus housing, but are required to reside on-campus for three years. Many of the halls were inserted in 1973 on the National Register of Historic Places . Notre Dame has

8732-416: The amendment quoting support from Hesburgh. President Jimmy Carter appointed Hesburgh to a blue-ribbon immigration reform commission in 1979; the commission's finding that any national immigration reform proposals can succeed only if the American national border is properly secured beforehand was cited by various opponents of illegal immigration to the United States . His efforts on the commission led to

8850-430: The appropriate action to take on their respective campuses. The National Governors Conference agreed with his view; the majority of state governors opposed the proposed legislation. In October 1969, Hesburgh publicly expressed his opposition to the war by signing a letter with other college presidents calling for withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam and was present at an on-campus peace Mass with 2,500 Notre Dame students

8968-666: The commission, and the Nixon administration about civil rights policies. Hesburgh objected to the president's slowdown policy on school desegregation, opposed Nixon's anti-busing policy, and advocated for the renewal of the Voting Rights Act, which the Nixon administration wanted to amend. Hesburgh publicly explained that he believed the primary reason for his dismissal was due to the commission's report on minority employment in government. According to Rick Perlstein in Nixonland (2008), when Thomas Eagleton dropped out of

9086-444: The commission. Hesburgh emerged as a civil rights advocate and spokesperson for the commission. In an appendix to the commission's annual report in 1959, Hesburgh outlined his position on civil rights and equality: I believe that civil rights were not created, but only recognized and formulated, by our Federal and State constitutions and charters. Civil rights are important corollaries of the great proposition … that every human person

9204-527: The conclusion of the book, Hesburgh remarked: I believe that with faith in God and in our fellow humans, we can aim for the heights of human endeavor, and that we can teach them, too. Hesburgh kept busy in his retirement years, which also included time to relax at the Holy Cross property at Land O' Lakes, Wisconsin . He wrote regularly, including a second book, Travels with Ted and Ned (1992), which received mixed reviews, and edited The Challenge and Promise of

9322-434: The conclusion of the event, he joined hands with King and other civil rights supporters as the group sang " We Shall Overcome ." Hesburgh served as chairman of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission from 1969, when President Nixon appointed him to the leadership position, until 1972, when White House aides asked for Hesburgh's resignation. His dismissal from the commission in 1972 followed a series of disagreements between Hesburgh,

9440-810: The elimination of nuclear weapons." Hesburgh was a board member of numerous business and civic organizations. From 1961 to 1982 he served on the board of the Rockefeller Foundation, and from 1977 to 1982 as board chairman. Hesburgh also served as a director for the Chase Manhattan Bank and was one of the four main founders of People for the American Way , which was among many other organizations he served with. Hesburgh's interest in international affairs also led to his service on numerous international commissions and humanitarian projects. After his retirement as president of

9558-526: The fall. All proceeds from the restaurant and alehouse pub are used to support social programming for Notre Dame students at Legends. The restaurant features 23 draught beer lines, 70 bottle beer options, a large selection of craft and micro-brews, wine and spirits, a diverse menu, a timeline of Notre Dame sports history, and 14 High-Definition plasma TVs. Executive chef Giuseppe Macerata was featured multiple times on South Bend 's WSJV Fox 28 news cooking segment "Wake Up!". The nightclub at Legends of Notre Dame

9676-594: The fifth law librarian, Roger Jacobs, who also served as head librarian of the Library of the United States Supreme Court . Between 2007 and 2008, a major expansion was added as the Eck Hall of Law , with 85,000 square feet of surface. In 2010, Robert Biolchini, an alumnus, funded the renovation of the Kresge Law Library, that was renamed Biolchini Hall of Law . The renovated Biolchini Hall has

9794-418: The first building was an eclectic mix of 19th French and Victorian architecture, with collegiate gothic taking over at the beginning of the 20th century with architects such as Kervick and Fagan and Maginnis & Walsh . The latter half of the 20th century saw the use of modernist designs, but since the mid-1990s, the university recommitted to the gothic architecture keeping the specific materials and forms of

9912-531: The first saint of the Congregation of the Holy Cross. A "#1" neon sign is placed atop of Grace Hall, and lit whenever a Fighting Irish team is ranked No. 1. Located on the South Quad across from the dining hall, the Coleman-Morse Center was built in 2001 and serves mainly administrative purposes, although there are seven classrooms and prayer spaces. It includes the offices of Campus Ministry,

10030-478: The first things that Sorin did was build a second log cabin, which was dedicated on March 19, 1843, slightly to the east of Badin's chapel and about the same size. As the community grew, Badin's Log Chapel was converted into a carpenter's shop on the first floor and a residence for the Holy Cross Brothers on the second, while Sorin's second cabin housed the chapel on the first floor and a residence for

10148-443: The following day. Hesburgh, a member and later chair of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission , was publicly vocal in his support for equal rights, but he did not immediately recognize or take significant action to eliminate institutional racism at Notre Dame, where the number of black students and employees "remained at token levels until the late 1960s." In 1969, after some of Notre Dame's African American student activists criticized

10266-524: The low level of blacks enrolled at the university, Hesburgh appointed a student-faculty committee to assess the issue. The committee's findings caused him to take immediate measures to increase minority employment and aggressively recruit minority students. Hesburgh also persuaded the university's trustees to lift their forty-year ban on participation in postseason football games and used revenue generated from Notre Dame's bowl game appearances to fund minority scholarships. The Notre Dame Fighting Irish 's win over

10384-558: The main Mendoza building, hosts both degree and non-degree programs aimed at executive-level MBA students and corporate clients. It is built in collegiate architecture style and was designed by Robert A.M. Stern Architects , and features stained glass windows. College of Arts and Letters Built in 1953, O'Shaughnessy Hall is the main center of the Notre Dame College of Arts and Letters , hosting classrooms, art galleries,

10502-427: The memorial service included former President Jimmy Carter , Condoleezza Rice , Lou Holtz , then cardinal Theodore McCarrick and cardinal Roger Mahony , former U.S. senator Harris L. Wofford , Indiana governor Mike Pence , former First Lady Rosalynn Carter , former U.S. senator Alan K. Simpson , U.S. senator Joe Donnelly , William G. Bowen , and a video message from President Barack Obama . Father Hesburgh

10620-463: The most honorary degrees with more than 150. Hesburgh is credited with bringing Notre Dame, long known for its football program, to the forefront of American Catholic universities and its transition to a nationally respected institution of higher education. He supervised the university's dramatic growth, as well as the successful transfer of its ownership from Holy Cross priests to the Notre Dame board of trustees in 1967. During his tenure as president,

10738-507: The most recognizable and prestigious Catholic universities in the United States". In 1967, Hesburgh ended the university's exclusive, century-long leadership by the Congregation of Holy Cross clergy. Hesburgh and Howard Kenna worked together to establish a plan for transferring ownership of the university from the Congregation of Holy Cross priests to the University of Notre Dame Board of Trustees. The new governing board included laypersons and Holy Cross priests as trustees and fellows. During

10856-636: The older parts of campus. Many of the older structures were placed in 1973 on the National Register of Historic Places . The center of campus is the Main Quad, often called the God Quad, which hosts the Main Building and the Basilica, and other important buildings and residence halls. The North-West area of campus is mainly dedicated to residential buildings, the Central-East portion of campus

10974-512: The only two to be actually constructed. They were male residence halls until 1997, when the residents of Grace were moved to newly created Keough and O'Neill Halls, and 1998, when the residents of Flanner were moved to Welsh and McGlinn Halls. The offices housed in these two buildings include the Career Center and Card services, and many other offices of administration. Flanner Hall also houses a chapel dedicated to Saint Andre Bessette , CSC,

11092-663: The passing of the Refugee Act of 1980, and the creation of a professional Asylum Corps in the 1990s. Hesburgh served as a permanent Holy See representative from 1956 to 1970 to the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna , Austria . Pope Paul VI appointed Hesburgh as head of the Vatican representatives attending the twentieth anniversary of the United Nations ' human rights declaration in Tehran, Iran , and as

11210-455: The peaceful use of atomic energy, aid to developing Third World countries (especially Africa and Latin America ), and civil rights and equality. Although his remarks and actions were controversial at times, "he nearly always came through unscathed." As a fifteen-year member of the U.S. Civil Rights Commission, Hesburgh took a public stand against racism and prejudice. He used his skills as

11328-491: The race as George McGovern 's vice presidential running mate in the 1972 presidential election , Hesburgh was among many people considered as a replacement candidate for Eagleton, but he declined the offer. In the 1970s, Hesburgh made public his approval for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment . During that decade, the organization Catholics Act for ERA sent out marketing materials on behalf of

11446-616: The recently renovated West Lake Hall . The Departments of Philosophy and Theology are housed in Malloy Hall . College of Engineering Cushing Hall was built in 1933 thanks to a donation from John F. Cushing, president of the Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Company . Cushing graduated in 1906 with an engineering degree, but had almost dropped out due to financial reasons. President Andrew Morrissey forgave his tuition and in recognition for his kindness, Cushing later donated

11564-526: The university also became a coeducational institution. In addition to his service to Notre Dame, Hesburgh held leadership positions in numerous groups involved in civil rights, peaceful uses of atomic energy, immigration reform, and Third World development. Hesburgh was also active on the boards of numerous businesses, nonprofits, civic organizations, and Vatican missions. Hesburgh was born on May 25, 1917, in Syracuse, New York , to Theodore Bernard Hesburgh,

11682-561: The university's stance on protests. Hesburgh's letter stated that student protesters who violated the rights of others or disrupted the school's operations would be given fifteen minutes to cease and desist before facing suspension, or expulsion if they refused to disperse. Hesburgh's action provoked controversy and made national headlines. The letter was reprinted in the New York Times , the Wall Street Journal , and

11800-621: The website, ..."the museum now exhibits the most important collection of Olmec art in any art museum in the United States. The Unruh purchase reinforces the Museum's position as one of the most important general pre-Columbian collections in this country." The Raclin Murphy Museum of Art opened in December 2023 and now houses the collection that previously resided at Snite, which closed in 2023. LaFortune Student Center A Science Hall

11918-578: The world's largest research projects focused on fluid mechanics . Other facilities are also dedicated to aero-acoustics , aero-optics, multiphase flow , fluid-structure interaction , general flow control, hypersonics , gas-turbine propulsion, wind energy, and sensor and flow actuator development. Bond Hall Originally built in 1917 as the University Library, Bond Hall is the home of the Notre Dame School of Architecture . It

12036-502: Was "the longest presidency in American higher education." Hesburgh immediately began efforts to transform the school, primarily known for its football program, "into a nationally respected institution of higher learning." In 1953 the university created the Distinguished Professors Program to attract top scholars to Notre Dame. By the time of Hesburgh's retirement in 1987, the school had established more than

12154-633: Was a contributor to The Pursuit of Excellence (1958), an analysis of the U.S. education system that the Rockefeller Brothers Fund commissioned as part of its Special Studies Project . Hesburgh also served as a member of the International Federation of Catholic Universities , and as its president from 1963 to 1970; a board member and eventual president of the Association of American Colleges and Universities ;

12272-418: Was a public servant and social activist involved in numerous American civic and government initiatives, commissions, international humanitarian projects, and papal assignments. Hesburgh received numerous honors and awards for his service, most notably the United States's Presidential Medal of Freedom (1964) and Congressional Gold Medal (2000). As of 2013, he also held the world's record for the individual with

12390-477: Was a steadfast champion for human rights, the cause of peace, and care for the poor. Hesburgh's leadership as president of the University of Notre Dame brought it to the forefront of American Catholic universities. A Time magazine cover story from February 9, 1962, named him as "the most influential figure in the reshaping of Catholic higher education in the U.S." Long known for its football program, Notre Dame also became known for its academics. While Hesburgh

12508-461: Was always the same-kind and gentle, sincere and self-sacrificing." A statue of Our Lady of Sorrows by Robert Graham is found in the mausoleum. The Notre Dame campus is composed of around 190 buildings, divided into Quads. Main Quad is at the center, North Quad and Mod Quad are at the north, while South, West and DeBartolo Quads are in the south. The Main Building houses various offices, including

12626-666: Was appointed U.S. ambassador to the 1979 United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development . He also served with the Midwestern Universities Research Association and the Nutrition Foundation Board. While serving on the board of the United States Institute of Peace , Hesburgh "helped organize a meeting of scientists and representative leaders of six faith traditions who called for

12744-776: Was built in 1883 under the direction of Fr. Zahm, but in 1950, it was converted to a student union building and named LaFortune Center, after Joseph Aloysius LaFortune , an oil executive from Tulsa, Oklahoma . Commonly known as "LaFortune" or "LaFun," it is a 4-story building of 83,000 square feet that provides the Notre Dame community with a meeting place for social, recreational, cultural, and educational activities. LaFortune employs 35 part-time student staff and 29 full-time non-student staff and has an annual budget of $ 1.2 million. Many businesses, services, and divisions of The Office of Student Affairs are found within. The building also houses restaurants from national restaurant chains. Legends of Notre Dame , commonly referred to as Legends,

12862-413: Was built in 1996 and designed by Ellerbe Becket. Its 196,986 square feet of space includes the 300-seat Jordan Auditorium, classrooms, offices, administration, and digital spaces. The Potenziani Family Atrium features an original and refurbished NYSE trading post from 1929 that was in use until 1981. The Stayer Center for Executive Education , built between 2011 and 2013 and located immediately south of

12980-482: Was built thanks to a donation from the DeBartolo family. Libraries The Hesburgh Library is the primary building of the library system of the University. The building opened on September 18, 1963, as the Memorial Library. It was named after Father Theodore Hesburgh in 1987. The library has 3.39 million volumes, the 61st largest collection among all U.S. research universities. The finished structure, which

13098-442: Was criticized by some for his social and political ideas, many praised his "contributions to ecumenism, civil rights, and world peace" In 2018, Hesburgh , a documentary film directed by Patrick Creadon , was released. It covers Hesburgh's life, particularly his presidency at Notre Dame and his work in civil rights. Hesburgh received numerous honors and awards for his public service. In 1964, President Johnson awarded Hesburgh

13216-719: Was especially active in the development of five institutions he organized: the Ecumenical Institute for Theology Studies at Tantur, Jerusalem ; Notre Dame's Center for Civil and Human Rights; the Helen Kellogg Institute for International Studies; the Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies; and the Hank Family Environmental Research Center. Other retirement activities included co-chairing

13334-475: Was given in 1842 to Fr. Edward Sorin , and it became the original nucleus of the University of Notre Dame . When Sorin arrived on campus, the Log Chapel was the main structure standing. It was a 44 by 24 feet log cabin that served as chapel and priest residence. The small structures were also present on site: a small clapboard cabin that housed the Indian interpreter and his family, and a 8 by 6 feet shed. One of

13452-544: Was made possible largely by a gift from current Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Richard Notebart. The project was directed by Assistant Vice President for Student Activities, M. Brian Coughlin, and Vice President for Student Affairs, Rev. Mark Poorman CSC. The Legends of Notre Dame Restaurant and Alehouse Pub is a full-service, casual dining operation which is open to the public for lunch and dinner Monday through Sunday, along with being open for breakfast on football Saturdays in

13570-456: Was president, the university also initiated forty new building projects, including the $ 8 million library with the famous "Word of Life" mural, better known as "Touchdown Jesus," on its façade . Hesburgh played a key role in developing the Land O'Lakes Statement that North American representatives of the International Federation of Catholic Universities issued in 1967. The document outlined

13688-700: Was razed to build the current structure. The present hall was built as the Notre Dame Student Infirmary in the spring of 1936, and designed by the Boston architecture firm of Maginnis and Walsh in the Collegiate-Gothic style structure. Construction started 27 May 1935 and the building was finished 14 April 1936. The infirmary, the largest of its kind in the country, contained 100 rooms, including five wards and twenty-four private rooms that could accommodate 125 patients. The Sisters of

13806-478: Was slow to recognize that Notre Dame's "policies and practices unintentionally produced unequal outcomes," he took decisive action after its minority students challenged him to do so. By the 1970s Notre Dame was a "much more diverse university than it had been ten years earlier." The university has named several buildings, scholarships, and academic programs in his honor, including the Hesburgh Library ,

13924-486: Was the president of the University of Notre Dame from 1952 to 1987. He was an American Catholic priest and educator who achieved national prominence through his public service work. He increased the stature and size of the university, liberalized the rules regulating student life, promoted academic freedom, and worked toward making Notre Dame one of the top universities in the country, doubling its enrollment and greatly increasing its endowment. He transferred its governance from

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