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98-398: Since May 2011, Nova Gorica has been joined with Gorizia and Šempeter-Vrtojba in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by a joint administration board. The name Nova Gorica means 'new Gorizia '. The origin of the name Gorizia/Gorica itself is Slavic. The common local term for the town is Gorica (i.e., without the modifier nova 'new'), while residents tend to refer to

196-538: A Flossenbürg forced labor subcamp (500 female inmates) for Astra-Werke AG . The oil refinery was a target for bombers during the Oil Campaign of World War II , and Operation Thunderclap attacks included the following raids: The city was occupied by Soviet troops on 8 May 1945. The headquarters of the auto manufacturer Auto Union was based in Chemnitz from 1932 and its buildings were badly damaged. At

294-569: A Slavic-speaking population. In 1947, following World War II , Italy signed a peace treaty with the Allies, including Socialist Yugoslavia . The treaty transferred most of the Slovene -inhabited areas of the Province of Gorizia to Yugoslavia. The town of Gorizia itself, however, remained under Italian rule. The new border cut the city off from its northern and eastern suburbs. Around 40% of

392-567: A centre of innovation in the kingdom of Saxony and later in Germany. In 1913, Chemnitz had a population of 320,000 and, like Leipzig and Dresden, was larger at that time than today. After losing inhabitants due to the First World War Chemnitz grew rapidly again and reached its all-time peak of 360,250 inhabitants in 1930. Thereafter, growth was stalled by the world economic crisis . As a working-class industrial city, Chemnitz

490-552: A centre of textile production and trade. More than one third of the population worked in textile production. In 1356 the Margraviate was succeeded by the Electorate of Saxony . Geologist Georgius Agricola (1494-1555), author of several significant works on mining and metallurgy including the landmark treatise De Re Metallica , became city physician of Chemnitz in 1533 and lived here until his death in 1555. In 1546 he

588-420: A chairman of the same. The local councils are to hear important matters concerning the locality. A final decision is, however, incumbent on the city council of the city of Chemnitz. The official identification of the districts by numbers is based on the following principle: Starting from the city center (neighborhoods Zentrum and Schloßchemnitz), all other parts of the city are assigned clockwise in ascending order

686-969: A famous trading and textile manufacturing town. In 1806, with the end of the Holy Roman Empire , the Electorate was renamed as the Kingdom of Saxony , and this survived until the revolutions of 1918 which followed the Armistice ending the First World War . By the early 19th century, Chemnitz had become an industrial centre (sometimes called "the Saxon Manchester ", German : Sächsisches Manchester , pronounced [ˈzɛksɪʃəs ˈmɛntʃɛstɐ] ). Important industrial companies were founded by Richard Hartmann , Louis Schönherr and Johann von Zimmermann. Chemnitz became

784-580: A fierce repression began against the opponents, or potential opponents of the regime. At least 1,048 Italian civilians and military disappeared. According to some historians, many of the killings and violence suffered by the Italian ethnic group in Gorizia (and the rest of Friuli and Venezia Giulia) by the Yugoslav army were perpetrated as part of an ethnic cleansing practiced by Tito. Soon the administration

882-617: A joint administration board. The name of the town comes from the Slovene word gorica 'little mountain', which is a common toponym in Slovene-inhabited areas . Originating as a watchtower or a prehistoric castle controlling the fords of the Isonzo River, Gorizia first emerged as a small village not far from the former Via Gemina , the Roman road linking Aquileia and Emona (modern Ljubljana ). The name Gorizia

980-456: A new road network. However, the original plans were not completed. In addition, the rapid development of housing took priority over the preservation of old buildings. So in the 1960s and 1970s, both in the centre as well as the periphery, large areas were built in Plattenbau apartment-block style, for example Yorckstraße . The old buildings of the period, which still existed especially in

1078-503: A religious community, under the official category of " Israelites ". The data below refer to the population within the current borders of the city: As of December 31, 2022, foreigners residents in the municipality were 3,715, i.e. 11.1% of the population. The largest groups are shown below: Although the majority of the population identifies with the Italian culture , Gorizia is a center of Friulian and Slovene culture . Before 1918,

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1176-479: A short occupation by the Republic of Venice in the years 1508 and 1509. Under Habsburg dominion, the town spread out at the foot of the castle . Many settlers from northern Italy moved there and started their commerce. Gorizia developed into a multi-ethnic town, in which Friulian , Venetian , German, and Slovene were spoken. In mid-16th century, Gorizia emerged as a center of Protestant Reformation , which

1274-423: Is 732.7 mm (28.85 in), and the precipitation in summer is about twice that in winter. The Chemnitz weather station has recorded the following extreme values: The city of Chemnitz consists of 39 neighborhoods. The neighborhoods of Einsiedel, Euba, Grüna, Klaffenbach, Kleinolbersdorf-Altenhain, Mittelbach, Röhrsdorf and Wittgensdorf are at the same time localities within the meaning of Sections 65 to 68 of

1372-742: Is a municipal botanical garden , and the Arktisch-Alpiner Garten der Walter-Meusel-Stiftung is a non-profit garden specializing in arctic and alpine plants . Near the city center is the "Villa Esche" located (Henry-van-de-Velde-museum). This historical house was built in 1902 in art-nouveau-style by van de Velde. The City is home of the SCHLINGEL International Film Festival, a yearly festival created in 1996 and that focuses on cinema for young audiences. Chemnitz has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ). The annual precipitation

1470-560: Is a town and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the autonomous region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia . It is located at the foot of the Julian Alps , bordering Slovenia . It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia and is a local center of tourism, industry, and commerce. Since 1947, a twin town of Nova Gorica has developed on the other side of the modern-day Italy–Slovenia border . The region

1568-666: Is also the site of a choral competition, the "C. A. Seghizzi" International Choir Competition, which is a member of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing . The majority of the population of Gorizia is of Roman Catholic denomination. The town is the seat of the Archbishop of Gorizia , who was one of the three legal descendants of the Patriarchate of Aquileia (along with the Patriarchate of Venice and

1666-433: Is characterized by medium-sized companies, with the heavy industrial sectors of mechanical engineering, metal processing, and vehicle manufacturing as the most significant industries. About 100,000 people are employed, of whom about 46,000 commute from other municipalities. 16.3% of employees in Chemnitz have a university or college degree , twice the average rate in Germany. Chemnitz has a population of 246,000 people and

1764-914: Is exceptional, and on a clear day visitors can see as far as Istria , Venice , the Dolomites , and the Kamnik and Julian Alps . The mountain top is home to a magnificent basilica, where concerts are occasionally held, a Franciscan monastery, and a museum of the Battles of the Isonzo . Nova Gorica is twinned with: Gorizia Gorizia ( Italian pronunciation: [ɡoˈrittsja] ; Slovene : Gorica [ɡɔˈɾìːtsa] ), colloquially stara Gorica 'old Gorizia' to distinguish it from Nova Gorica ( Standard Friulian : Gurize , Southeastern Friulian : Guriza ; Bisiacco : Gorisia ; German : Görz [ɡœʁts] ),

1862-512: Is the 3rd largest city in Saxony . The population of Chemnitz grow rapidly since the early 1900s due to its industrialization. Chemnitz reached its highest peak of population in 1930 with population of about 362,000. Chemnitz in the East Germany era when the city was called "Karl-Marx-Stadt", it became a significant industrial city known for it textile and leather industries. Chemnitz was also

1960-476: Is the largest city of the Chemnitz-Zwickau urban area and is one of the most important economic areas of Germany's new federal states. Chemnitz had a GDP of €8.456 billion in 2016, with GDP per capita at €34,166. Since about 2000, the city's economy has recorded high annual GDP growth rates; Chemnitz is among the top ten German cities in terms of growth rate. The local and regional economic structure

2058-466: Is the red tower built in the late 12th or early 13th century as part of the city wall . The Chemnitz petrified forest is located in the courtyard of Kulturkaufhaus Tietz . It is one of the very few in existence, and dates back several million years (details shown in the Museum of Natural Sciences "Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz", founded 1859). Also within the city limits, in the district of Rabenstein,

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2156-556: Is the smallest castle in Saxony, Rabenstein Castle . The city has changed considerably since German reunification. Most of its industry is now gone and the core of the city has been rebuilt with many shops as well as huge shopping centres. Many of these shops are international brands, including Zara , H&M , Esprit, Galeria Kaufhof , Leiser Shoes, and Peek & Cloppenburg. The large Galerie Roter Turm (Red Tower) shopping centre

2254-546: Is the third-largest city in the German state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden , and the fourth-largest city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig, and Dresden. The city lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau , Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in

2352-608: Is very popular with young people. The Chemnitz Industrial Museum is an Anchor Point of ERIH, the European Route of Industrial Heritage . Additional unique industrial monuments are located at the "Schauplatz Eisenbahn" ( Saxon Railway Museum and Museum of Technology Cable Running System) in Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf. The State Museum of Archaeology Chemnitz opened in 2014 and is located in the former Schocken Department Stores (architect: Erich Mendelsohn; opening of

2450-550: The Potsdamer Platz in Berlin. Numerous internationally renowned architects such as Hans Kollhoff , Helmut Jahn and Christoph Ingenhoven provided designs for a new city centre. The mid-1990s began the development of the inner city brownfield around the town hall to a new town. In Chemnitz city more than 66,000 square meters of retail space have emerged. With the construction of office and commercial building on

2548-580: The Allied side and conflict with Austria-Hungary began on May 24, 1915. The hills west of Gorizia soon became the scene of fierce battles between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian armies. The town itself was seriously damaged and most of its inhabitants had been evacuated by early 1916. The Italian Army occupied Gorizia during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo in August 1916, with the front line moving to

2646-683: The Archdiocese of Udine ). Between mid-18th century and 1920, Gorizia was thus the center of a Metropolitan bishopric that comprised the Dioceses of Ljubljana , Trieste , Poreč-Pula and Krk . Religious figures who lived and worked in Gorizia during this period include Cardinal Jakob Missia , Bishop Frančišek Borgia Sedej , theologians Anton Mahnič and Josip Srebrnič , and the Franciscan friar and philologian Stanislav Škrabec . There are many important Roman Catholic sacral buildings in

2744-581: The Bavarian Meinhardiner noble lineage, with possessions around Lienz in Tyrol , is mentioned as early as 1107; as a vogt of the Patriarchate of Aquileia he was enfeoffed with large estates in the former March of Friuli , including the town of Gorizia, and as early as 1127 called himself Graf von Görz , Count of Gorizia. In the late 13th century, the House of Gorizia emerged as one of

2842-658: The East German era and after German reunification . Today over 50 % of the city´s buildings date back to before 1950. After the dissolution of the Länder (states) in the GDR in 1952, Chemnitz became seat of a district ( Bezirk ). On 10 May 1953, the city was renamed by decision of the East German government to Karl-Marx-Stadt (German: Karl Marx City ) after Karl Marx , in recognition of its industrial heritage and

2940-656: The European Capital of Culture of 2025. Chemnitz is named after the river Chemnitz , the main tributary of the Zwickau Mulde . The word "Chemnitz" derives from the Slavic expression for "stone" ( Upper Sorbian : kamjeń ), which is the root of the Upper Sorbian designations for the river ( Kamjenica ; "stony [brook]"), as well as for the city itself (also Kamjenica ). The term is composed of

3038-613: The Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia , together with the vast majority of the former Province of Gorizia. Around a half of the prewar area of the municipality of Gorizia, with an approximate 20% of the population, was annexed to Yugoslavia. The national border was drawn just off the town center, putting Gorizia into a peripheral zone. Several landmarks of the town, such as the Kostanjevica Monastery /Convento di Castagnevizza, Kromberk Castle /Castello Coronini,

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3136-512: The House of Habsburg , the Friulian conservatives and Christian Socialists who demanded a separate and autonomous Eastern Friuli within an Austrian confederation , and the underground Italian irredentist movement working for unification with Italy. At the end of World War I, in late October 1918, the Slovenes unilaterally declared an independent State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs , while

3234-573: The Jesuit order to the town, which played a role in the education and cultural life in Gorizia thereafter. Gorizia was at first part of the County of Gorizia and since 1754, the capital of the Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca . In ecclesiastical matters, after the suppression of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in 1751, the Archdiocese of Gorizia was established as its legal successor on

3332-522: The Karl Marx Year marking the 135th anniversary of his birth and the 70th anniversary of his death. GDR Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl said: The people who live here do not look back, but look forward to a new and better future. They look at socialism. They look with love and devotion to the founder of the socialist doctrine, the greatest son of the German people, to Karl Marx. I hereby fulfill

3430-470: The Kassberg , Chemnitz-Sonnenberg  [ de ] and Chemnitz-Schloßchemnitz  [ de ] quarters, were neglected and fell increasingly into dereliction. On 23 April 1990, a referendum on the future name of the city was held: 76% of the voters voted for the old name " Chemnitz ". On 1 June 1990, the city was officially renamed. After the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990,

3528-612: The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca and granted regional autonomy . At that time, Gorizia was a multi-ethnic town; Italian and Venetian , Slovene , Friulian , and German were all spoken in the town center, while in the suburbs Slovene and Friulian prevailed. Although some tensions between the Italian-Friulian and the Slovene population existed, the town continued to maintain a relatively tolerant climate in which both Slovene and Italian-Friulian cultures flourished. On

3626-474: The Schengen area . Designated border crossings are (Gorizia- Nova Gorica ): The chart shows the historical development of the population of Gorizia from the late 18th century to the eve of World War I, according to official Austrian censuses. The figures show the population of the municipality of Gorizia in the boundaries of the time. The criteria for the definition of the ethnical structure were changing over

3724-584: The Sveta Gora /Monte Santo pilgrimage site, the old Jewish cemetery, and the northern railway station, remained on the other side of the border. In 1948, the authorities of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia (with president Josip Broz Tito 's special support) started building a new town called Nova Gorica ('New Gorizia') on their side of the border. From the late 1940s onward, Gorizia gave refuge to thousands of Istrian Italians that had fled

3822-408: The 2010s due to its immigration from mostly war active countries like Syria but it faced a problem due to many right-wing extremists and active Neo-Nazi groups where many foreigners experience racism and moved away from Chemnitz. The city had a fertility rate of 1.64 in 2015. Foreign population in Chemnitz by nationality as of 31 December 2022: A large contributor to the city's foreign population

3920-521: The 4th largest city in then East Germany after East Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden . After the German Reunification Chemnitz faced a significant population decrease. Since 1988 Chemnitz has lost about 20 percent of its inhabitants. Chemnitz's population decreased from 300,000 in 1989 to under 250,000 in 2003, which made Chemnitz one of the cities with most population loss in Germany. Chemnitz's population started to grow again in

4018-627: The Basilica of Aquileia were transferred. Many new villas were built conveying to the town the typical late Baroque appearance, which characterized it up to World War I . A synagogue was built within the town walls, too, which was another example of Gorizia's relatively tolerant multi-ethnic nature. During the Napoleonic Wars , Gorizia was incorporated to the French Illyrian Provinces between 1809 and 1813. After

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4116-576: The Communist authorities of the Socialist Republic of Slovenia decided to build a new settlement that would connect these suburbs into a new urban space. The new town was called Nova Gorica or "New Gorizia". The project had the personal backing of Marshal Tito , Yugoslavia's Communist leader. The project was commissioned to the Slovenian architect Edvard Ravnikar , a former pupil of Le Corbusier . The first projects were laid out in winter of 1947, and

4214-585: The Friulians continued to demand an autonomous region under Habsburg rule. Gorizia became a contested town. In early November 1918, it was occupied by Italian troops again, who immediately dissolved the two competing authorities and introduced their own civil administration. In the first years of Italian administration, Gorizia was included in the Governorate of the Julian March (1918–1919). In 1920,

4312-587: The Kassberg neighborhood with 18th and 19th century buildings and the Karl Marx Monument by Lev Kerbel , nicknamed Nischel (a Saxon dialect word for head) by the locals. Landmarks include the Old Town Hall with its Renaissance portal (15th century), the castle on the site of the former monastery, and the area around the opera house and the old university. The most conspicuous landmark

4410-519: The Middle East were arrested in connection with the murder of Daniel H., a 35 year old German man, the son of a German mother and a Cuban father, which had happened on 26 August. Violent clashes occurred between far-right protesters and far-left counter protesters, leading to injuries. The mobs outnumbered the local police presence. There were reports that rightist protesters chased down dark skinned bystanders and those that appeared to be foreigners on

4508-492: The Saxon Municipal Code. These neighborhoods came in the wake of the last incorporation wave after 1990 as formerly independent municipalities to the city of Chemnitz and therefore enjoy this special position compared to the other parts of the city. These localities each have a local council, which, depending on the number of inhabitants of the locality concerned, comprises between ten and sixteen members as well as

4606-455: The aforementioned older suburbs acquired again the status of independent settlements. This was however a purely symbolic act that only affected the official statistics on population: because of this, Nova Gorica dropped from the list of 10 largest towns in Slovenia. It nevertheless remains the second largest urban conglomeration in western Slovenia, after Koper . Nova Gorica hosts one of

4704-894: The area, among them the sanctuaries of Sveta Gora ("Holy Mountain") and the Kostanjevica Monastery , both of which are now located in Slovenia . Until 1943, Gorizia had a Jewish community; most of its members were murdered in the Holocaust . A Lutheran community exists in Gorizia. The city was host of the EuroBasket 1979 . Gorizia is twinned with: Chemnitz 037200 (Wittgensdorf) 037209 (Einsiedel) 03722 (Röhrsdorf) Chemnitz ( German: [ˈkɛmnɪts] ; from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt [kaʁlˈmaʁksˌʃtat] ( lit.   ' Karl Marx City ' ); Upper Sorbian : Kamjenica ; Czech : Saská Kamenice ; Polish : Kamienica Saska )

4802-429: The city of Chemnitz faced several difficult tasks. Many inhabitants migrated to the former West Germany and unemployment in the region increased sharply; in addition Chemnitz did not have adequate shopping facilities, but this was increasingly demanded. Large shopping centers were constructed on the city periphery to the early 1990s. Chemnitz is the only major German city whose centre was re-planned after 1990, similar to

4900-585: The city of Chemnitz. Chemnitz was one of the big German industrial centers. Due to the export traffic a modern marshalling yard was erected 1929 in Chemnitz-Hilbersdorf. At that time it was a leading city in the European textile market. Auto Union (today Audi) was founded 1932 in Chemnitz. Allied bombing destroyed 41 per cent of the built-up area of Chemnitz during the Second World War . Chemnitz contained factories that produced military hardware and

4998-412: The construction began at the beginning of the following year. The city was formally established as an urban municipality in 1952, incorporating the older settlements of Solkan, Kromberk and Rožna Dolina, which thus became, somewhat reluctantly, suburbs of Nova Gorica. The building of the town continued throughout the 1950s and 1960s, reaching the current extent by the mid-1980s. In the early 1990s, all of

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5096-573: The construction site "B3" at the Düsseldorf court, the last gap in 2010 was closed in city centre image. The intensive development included demolition of partially historically valuable buildings from the period and was controversial. Between 1990 and 2007 more than 250 buildings were leveled. In late August 2018 the city was the site of a series of protests that attracted at least 8,000 people. The protests were attended by far-right and Neo-Nazi groups. News outlets reported about mob violence and riots. The protests started after two immigrants from

5194-494: The department store: 1930). The Museum Gunzenhauser , formerly a bank, opened on 1 December 2007. Alfred Gunzenhauser , who lived in Munich, had a collection of some 2,500 pieces of modern art , including many paintings and drawings by Otto Dix , Karl Schmidt-Rottluff and others. The other great art museum in Chemnitz is located near central railway station, it is called "Museum am Theaterplatz" (erected 1909 as "König-Albert-Museum"). The Botanischer Garten Chemnitz

5292-405: The eastern outskirts of the town. With the Battle of Caporetto in October and November 1917, when the Central Powers pushed the Italians back to the Piave River , the town returned to Austro-Hungarian control. After the Battle of Caporetto, Gorizia became the focus of three competing political camps: the unified Slovene nationalist parties that demanded a semi-independent Yugoslav state under

5390-403: The end of the war, the company's executives fled and relocated the company in Ingolstadt , Bavaria, where it evolved into Audi , now a brand within the Volkswagen group. The World War II bombings left most of the city centre in ruins and post-war , the East German reconstruction included large low-rise (and later high-rise Plattenbau ) housing. Some tourist sites were reconstructed during

5488-493: The eve of World War I , Gorizia had around 31,000 inhabitants and was the third-largest city in the Austrian Littoral , following Trieste and Pula (Pola). Another 14,000 people lived in the suburbs, making it one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the Alpe-Adria area, ahead of Klagenfurt , Maribor , Salzburg , Bozen or Trento . Within the city limits, about 48% of the population spoke Italian or Friulian as their first language, while 35% were Slovene speakers. In

5586-414: The government's decision. I carry out the solemn act of renaming the city and declare: From now on, this city bears the proud and mandatory name Karl-Marx-Stadt . After the city centre was destroyed in World War II , the East German authorities attempted to rebuild it to symbolise the conceptions of urban development of a socialist city. The layout of the city centre at that time was rejected in favour of

5684-432: The implementation of the Schengen Agreement by Slovenia on December 21, 2007. Gorizia has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ). The town is located at the confluence of the Isonzo and Vipava Valleys . It lies on a plain overlooked by the Gorizia Hills . Sheltered from the north and from the east by a mountain ridge, Gorizia is completely protected from the cold bora wind , which affects

5782-411: The last Bourbon monarch Charles X who spent his last years in Gorizia. Unlike in most neighboring areas, the revolutionary spring of nations of 1848 passed almost unnoticed in Gorizia, thus reaffirming its reputation of a calm and loyal provincial town. In 1849, the County of Gorizia was included in the Austrian Littoral , along with Trieste and Istria . In 1861, the territory was reorganized as

5880-417: The most important noble houses in the Holy Roman Empire. The borders of the County changed frequently in the following three centuries due to frequent wars with Aquileia and other counties, and also to the subdivision of the territory in two main nuclei: one around the upper Drava river with the center in Lienz, the other around Gorizia itself. Between the 12th century and early 16th century, the town served as

5978-438: The municipality's territory was transferred to Yugoslavia, including the suburbs of Solkan , Šempeter , Kromberk , Rožna Dolina , and Pristava . Together, these areas had a population of around 10,000 (almost exclusively Slovenes, with a tiny Friulian -speaking minority), or around one fifth of the municipality's population. However, they lacked a cohesive structure, and were poorly connected. In order to overcome this problem,

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6076-458: The names of the rivers are of Slavic origin. Chemnitz is the third-largest city in the Thuringian - Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden. The city's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry . Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students. Chemnitz was the richest city in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century, is known for its many industrial age buildings and monuments, and will be

6174-497: The neighboring Italian town as Stara Gorica (i.e., 'old Gorizia'). This use is also reflected in Slovenian license plates ( GO for Gorica), as well as in the name of the local association football club ND Gorica . The word gorica is a diminutive form of the Slovene common noun gora 'hill'. In archaic Slovene, it also meant 'vineyard'. It is a common toponym in Slovenia and in other areas of Slovene settlement, as well as more generally in areas that have or historically had

6272-402: The northeast, and is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region . Located in the Ore Mountain Basin , the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north. The city stands on the Chemnitz River , which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz. The name of the city as well as

6370-589: The other city selected for that year is Chemnitz , Germany . To the south of the town stands Kostanjevica Hill, home to the Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady and a 17th-century Franciscan monastery with rich treasures from the past. The last members of the Bourbons , the French royal family, are buried in a crypt beneath the church ( Charles X himself, and members of his family and entourage including his son Louis-Antoine de France , and his grandson Henri d'Artois , nephew of Louis (neither Louis-Antoine nor Henri ever reigned as kings)). He fled France following

6468-412: The participating bands. The city won the bid to be one of the two European Capitals of Culture (in 2025) on 28 October 2020, beating Hanover, Hildesheim, Magdeburg and Nuremberg. Theater Chemnitz offers a variety of theatre: opera (opera house from 1909), plays, ballet and Figuren (puppets), and runs concerts by the orchestra Robert-Schumann-Philharmonie (founded 1832). Tourist sights include

6566-404: The political and administrative center of this essentially independent County of Gorizia , which at the height of its power comprised the territory of the present-day regions of Goriška , southeast Friuli , the Karst Plateau , central Istria , western Carinthia and East Tyrol , and the Windic March with Bela Krajina . From the 11th century, the town had two different layers of development:

6664-434: The reconstruction of several other German cities in the immediate post-war years. Plans for the recovery of a compressed city centre around the historic town hall in 1991 led to an urban design competition. This was announced internationally by the city and carried out with the help of the partner city of Düsseldorf . The mooted project on an essentially unused area of the former city would be comparable in circumference with

6762-444: The regions annexed to Yugoslavia. Many of those settled in the town and had a role in shaping its postwar national and political identity. Though a border city, Gorizia was only in part crossed by the border with Yugoslavia . Some important old buildings once belonging to Gorizia were included in the Yugoslav territory: these include the old railway station of the Transalpina line that connected Trieste to Villach , as well as to

6860-479: The rest of the neighboring areas. The town thus enjoys an exceptionally mild climate throughout the year, making it a popular resort town. The Italy-Slovenia border runs by the edge of Gorizia and Nova Gorica and there are several border crossings between the cities. The ease of movement between the two parts of town has depended very much on the politics of both countries, ranging from strict controls to total free movement since December 21, 2007, when Slovenia joined

6958-413: The restoration of the Austrian rule, the Gorizia and its county were incorporated in the administrative unit known as the Kingdom of Illyria . During this period, Gorizia emerged as a popular summer residence of the Austrian nobility, and became known as the "Austrian Nice ". Members of the former French ruling Bourbon family , deposed by the July Revolution of 1830, also settled in the town, including

7056-416: The revolution in 1830, finding refuge in Gorizia, and eventually died there. Also buried there is Pierre Louis Jean Casimir de Blacas , a Bourbon nobleman who also died in exile (in 1839). Opposite Kostanjevica Hill , north of the town is the settlement of Sveta Gora with Holy Mount ( Slovene : Sveta gora ) a 682-meter (2,238 ft) peak that has attracted pilgrims for 450 years. The view from there

7154-469: The same conclusion: "there were no mobs and man hunts". One week after the protests, a free "Concert against the Right" under the motto "We are more" (#wirsindmehr) attracted an audience of some 65,000 people. A one-minute silence commemorated the murdered Daniel H., the son of a German mother and a Cuban father. The concert itself has been criticized for far-left activities and violent song texts of some of

7252-971: The stem kamjeń , and the Slavic feminine suffix -ica . The city is known in Czech as Saská Kamenice and in Polish as Kamienica Saska . Chemnitz is the worldwide largest of all cities, towns and villages stemming their name from the Slavic root kamen —of which exist many others in areas with a current or past Slavic-speaking population—followed by Kamensk-Uralsky and Kamensk-Shakhtinsky in Russia, as well as by many other smaller places like Kamenica (Kosovo), Kamienna Góra (Poland), Kamenz (Kamjenc) (Germany), Kamień Pomorski (Poland), Kamieniec Ząbkowicki (Poland), Kamenický Šenov (Czech Republic), Kamieńsk (Poland), Kamenskoye (Russia), and Kamenac (Croatia). An early Slavic tribe's settlement

7350-534: The streets before more police arrived and intervened. The riots were widely condemned by media outlets and politicians throughout Germany, and were "described as reminiscent of civil war and Nazi pogroms." The reports of mob violence and riots were criticized as incorrect later on. The German language Swiss newspaper Neue Zürcher Zeitung corrected its earlier reports, stating that there had evidently been no mob violence but there have been sporadic encroachments. Minister President of Saxony Michael Kretschmer came to

7448-449: The suburbs of Salcano ( Solkan ), Podgora, Lucinico , and San Pietro di Gorizia ( Šempeter pri Gorici ), as well as the predominantly rural settlements of Vertoiba ( Vrtojba ), Boccavizza ( Bukovica ) and Sant'Andrea (Štandrež). According to the Italian census of 1921, the expanded town had around 47,000 inhabitants, among whom 45.5% were native Slovene, 33% Italian (mostly Venetian ), and 20.5% Friulian speakers. Benito Mussolini visited

7546-494: The suburbs, the Slovene speaking population prevailed, with 77% versus 21% Italian/Friulian speakers. Gorizia was not on the frontline during the first 10 months of World War I , but the first Gorizian victim of the war occurred as early as August 10, 1914, when Countess Lucy Christalnigg was shot by Landsturmer guards while driving her car on a mission for the Austrian Red Cross. Italy entered World War I on

7644-514: The tenth place of their index, the one-digit is awarded in the direction of city periphery in ascending order. ¹ also a locality The city area does not include a unified, closed settlement area after numerous incorporations. The rural settlements of mainly eastern districts are separated from the settlement area of the Chemnitz city center, whereas this partly continues over the western city limits to Limbach-Oberfrohna and Hohenstein-Ernstthal. The first freely elected mayor after German reunification

7742-644: The territory of the Habsburg monarchy . Gorizia thus emerged as a Roman Catholic religious center. The archdiocese of Gorizia covers a large territory, extending to the Drava River to the north and the Kolpa to the east, with the dioceses of Trieste , Trento , Como and Pedena subject to the authority of the archbishops of Gorizia. A new town quarter developed around the Cathedral where many treasures from

7840-652: The three national theatres in Slovenia. The Goriška Museum  [ sl ] is also located in the town's Kromberk district, hosted in Kromberk Castle . The University of Nova Gorica is located in the suburb of Rožna Dolina . The Nova Gorica Grammar School , located in the city centre, is one of the most renowned high schools in Slovenia. The cultural magazine Razpotja is published in Nova Gorica. Nova Gorica and Gorizia won their joint bid to be designated as European Capital of Culture in 2025;

7938-534: The town and the whole region became officially part of Italy. The autonomous County of Gorizia and Gradisca was dissolved in 1922, and in 1924 it was annexed to the Province of Udine (then called the Province of Friuli ). In 1927 Gorizia became a provincial capital within the Julian March administrative region. During the fascist regime , all Slovene organizations were dissolved, and the public use of Slovene

8036-489: The town landmarks. Although the situation in Gorizia was often compared with that of Berlin during the Cold War , Italy and Yugoslavia had good relations regarding Gorizia. These included cultural and sporting events that favoured the spirit of harmonious coexistence that remained in place after Yugoslavia broke up in 1991. With the breakup of Yugoslavia, the frontier remained as the division between Italy and Slovenia until

8134-694: The town twice: in 1938 and in 1942. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, the town was shortly occupied by the Slovene partisan resistance , but soon fell under Nazi German administration. Between 1943 and 1945 it was incorporated into the Operational Zone Adriatic Littoral . The town was briefly occupied by the Yugoslav Army in May and June 1945. With the arrival of the Yugoslav partisans in Gorizia in May 1945,

8232-403: The town, and those few who did, like the writer France Bevk , were subject to persecution. The town, heavily damaged during World War I, was rebuilt in the 1920s according to the plans laid out by the local architect Max Fabiani . Several rationalist buildings were built during this period, including some fine examples of Fascist architecture . The borders of the town were expanded, absorbing

8330-661: The trilingual Gorizia Grammar School was one of the most important educational institutions in the Slovene Lands and for the Italians in the Austrian Littoral . Nowadays, Gorizia hosts several important scientific and educational institutions. The University of Trieste , the University of Udine and the University of Nova Gorica all have part of their campuses and faculties located in Gorizia. Gorizia

8428-583: The upper castle district and the village beneath it. The first played a political-administrative role and the second a rural-commercial role. The name of the central square, known to this day in both languages as Travnik or Traunig ("meadow", in Slovene), testifies to this period. In the late 15th century, the city rights were expanded to the lower town. In 1500, the dynasty of the Counts of Gorizia died out and their County passed to Austrian Habsburg rule, after

8526-459: The years: in 1789, only the religious affiliation of the population was taken into account; in 1869 the ethnic affiliation was also recorded, with Jews counted as a separate category; in 1880 the category of ethnicity was replaced by the mother tongue , and from 1890 to 1910 only the "language of everyday communication" (German: Umgangsprache ) was recorded. After 1869, the Jews were only recorded as

8624-614: Was Dieter Noll of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), who served from 1990 to 1991, followed by Joachim Pilz (CDU) until 1993. The mayor was originally chosen by the city council, but since 1994 has been directly elected. Peter Seifert of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) served from 1993 until 2006. Between 2006 and 2020 Barbara Ludwig (SPD) has served as mayor. Sven Schulze (SPD) was elected mayor in 2020. The most recent mayoral election

8722-617: Was a powerful center of socialist political organization after the First World War. At the foundation of the German Communist Party the local Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany voted by 1,000 votes to three to break from the party and join the Communist Party behind their local leaders, Fritz Heckert and Heinrich Brandler . In March 1919 the German Communist Party had over 10,000 members in

8820-539: Was elected a Burgher of Chemnitz and in the same year also was appointed Burgomaster (lord mayor), serving again in 1547, 1551, and 1553. In spite of having been a leading citizen of the city, when Agricola died in 1555 the Protestant Duke denied him burial in the city's cathedral due to Agricola's allegiance to his Roman Catholic faith. Agricola's friends arranged for his remains to be buried in more sympathetic Zeitz , approximately 50 km away. Chemnitz became

8918-548: Was held on 20 September 2020, with a runoff held on 11 October, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: Heavy destruction in World War II as well as post-war demolition to erect a truly socialist city centre left the city with a vast open space around its town hall where once a vibrant city heart had been. Because of massive investment in out-of-town shopping right after reunification, it

9016-560: Was located at Kamienica , and the first documented use of this name was in 1143, as the location of a Benedictine monastery around which a settlement grew. Around 1170, Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor granted this the rights of a free imperial city . Kamienica was later Germanised as Chemnitz. In 1307, the town became subordinate to the Margraviate of Meissen , the predecessor of the Saxon state. In medieval times , Chemnitz became

9114-457: Was not until 1999 that major building activity was started in the centre. Comparable to Potsdamer Platz in Berlin, a whole new quarter of the city was constructed in recent years. New buildings include the Kaufhof department store by Helmut Jahn , Galerie Roter Turm with a façade by Hans Kollhoff and Peek & Cloppenburg clothing store by Ingenhofen and Partner. Chemnitz

9212-438: Was prohibited. Underground Slovene organizations, with an anti-Fascist and often irredentist agenda, such as the militant insurrectionist organization TIGR , were established as a result. Many Slovenes fled to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and to South America, especially to Argentina . Many of these emigrants became prominent in their new environments. Very few Slovene-speaking intellectuals and public figures decided to stay in

9310-517: Was recorded for the first time in a document dated April 28, 1001, in which Holy Roman Emperor Otto III donated the castle and the village of Goriza to the Patriarch of Aquileia John II and to Count Verihen Eppenstein of Friuli . The document referred to Gorizia as "the village known as Goriza in the language of the Slavs " ( "Villa quae Sclavorum lingua vocatur Goriza "). Count Meinhard of

9408-495: Was spreading from the neighboring northeastern regions of Carniola and Carinthia . The prominent Slovene Protestant preacher Primož Trubar also visited and preached in the town. By the end of the century, however, the Catholic Counter-Reformation had gained force in Gorizia, led by the local dean Johann Tautscher , who later became bishop of Ljubljana . Tautscher was also instrumental in bringing

9506-440: Was subject to territorial dispute between Italy and Yugoslavia after World War II : after the new boundaries were established in 1947 and the old town was left to Italy, Nova Gorica was built on the Yugoslav side. The two towns constitute a conurbation , which also includes the Slovenian municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba . Since May 2011, these three towns have been joined in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by

9604-463: Was transferred to the Allies , who ruled the town for more than two years, amidst fierce ethnic and political turmoil. On September 15, 1947, the town was assigned to Italy. Several peripheral districts of the municipality of Gorizia ( Solkan , Pristava , Rožna Dolina , Kromberk , Šempeter pri Gorici , Vrtojba , Stara Gora , Ajševica , Volčja Draga , Bukovica , and Vogrsko ) were handed over to

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