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24-728: The earliest extant copy of the NPL is the so-called Synod Scroll ( Sinodálʹnyy ), dated to the second half of the 13th century. First printed in 1841, it is currently preserved in the State Historical Museum . It is the earliest known manuscript of a major Old East Slavic chronicle, predating the Laurentian Codex of the Primary Chronicle by almost a century. In the 14th century, the Synod Scroll

48-414: A mouse-bird and ordered it to build a nest in one end of the towel with which Cham-Pas wipes himself when he goes to the bath, and to breed children there: one end will become heavier and the towel with a carnation from the uneven weight will fall to the ground. Shaitan picked up the fallen towel and wiped his cast with it, and the man received the image and likeness of God. After that, Shaitan began to revive

72-420: A person, but he could not put a living soul into him. The soul was breathed into the man by Cham-Pas. There was a long dispute between Shaitan and Cham-Pas: who should a person belong to? Finally, when Cham-pas got tired of arguing, he offered to divide the person, after the death of a person, the soul should go to heaven to Cham-pas, who blew it, and the body rots, decomposes and goes to Shaitan. The similarity of

96-719: Is also found in the expanded version of the Russkaya Pravda , where it meant an orphan or exile; thus, an izgoi prince is in some sense seen as an "orphaned" or "exiled" prince since he was left outside of the succession to the Kievan throne. However, he was not, usually, landless, unlike what is sometimes stated, as he still held the patrimonial land granted to him in the provinces. An example of an izgoi prince would be Vseslav of Polotsk , whose father, Briacheslav ( d.  1003 ) and grandfather Iziaslav ( d.  1001 ) both predeceased Vseslav's great-grandfather, Vladimir

120-595: The Novgorod First Chronicle is missing. The surviving text starts in the middle of a sentence in the year 1016, during the Kievan succession crisis between Yaroslav and Sviatopolk . The lost contents of the Synod Scroll before the year 1016 are unknown, and can only be speculated about. Soviet researcher Oleg Viktorovich (1987) asserted that later editions of the chronicle reflect a lost Primary Kievan Code (Russian: Нача́льный Ки́евский свод ) of

144-515: The Novgorod First Chronicle , which stems from the mid-15th century, contains at the beginning two genealogies and a chronological regnal list of Rus' princes; all three of them begin with " Rurik ". This is in sharp contrast with the Hypatian Codex (compiled c. 1425), wherein the list of knyazi ("princes") of Kiev starts with " Dir and Askold ", followed by " Oleg ", and then " Igor ", and does not mention "Rurik" at all. Similarly,

168-474: The Old Church Slavonic term for a ladder or staircase), with Kiev as the pinnacle. When the grand prince of Kiev died, the next prince on the ladder moved up the ladder, and the rest advanced a rung as well. Any prince whose father had not held the throne, such as for having predeceased the grandfather, who was then grand prince, was excluded from succession and was known as izgoi . The term

192-473: The Primary Chronicle (PVL) and the Kievan Chronicle , follows a formulaic practice in which the reign of any given prince is legitimised by pointing out that he "sat on the throne of his father" and often "his grandfather" before that, or occasionally "his brother" or "his uncle". The reason for that is that if a man's father (or other close male relative) did not sit on that same throne, that man

216-446: The printing press around 1440. In some cases there were possibilities of partial publication, of publication first in translation (for example from Greek to Latin), and of a usage that simply equates with first edition . For a work with several strands of manuscript tradition that have diverged, such as Piers Plowman , editio princeps is a less meaningful concept. The term has long been extended by scholars to works not part of

240-530: The 14th- or 15th-century chronographs and could not be an archetype for the PVL text. The Synod Scroll was written in several stages by different hands. The oldest parts have been palaeographically dated to the second half of the 13th century. Later passages such as the entry on the Battle of Lake Peipus (1242) have been dated to the middle of the 14th century. The Archaeographic Commission ( Komissiónnyy ) copy of

264-502: The Ancient Greek and Latin literatures. It is also used for legal works, and other significant documents. For fuller lists of literature works, see: The following is a selection of notable literature works. De aqueductu De architectura Izgoi Izgoi is a term that is found in medieval Kievan Rus' . In primary documents, it indicated orphans who were protected by the church. In historiographic writing on

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288-579: The Great ( d.  1015 ). Thus, Vseslav was izgoi since he could not legitimately claim the grand princely throne in Kiev: neither his father nor his grandfather had sat on the throne. He however, remained prince of Polotsk, in northeast Belarus. Furthermore, in spite of his excluded status, Vseslav briefly seized the throne of Kiev in 1069 but held it only six months before he was ousted. Another example (there are many others) would be Rostislav Vladimirovich ,

312-550: The NPL dates from the mid-15th century, came into the possession of Vasily Tatishchev , and was acquired in 1737 by the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences , Saint Petersburg , where it is currently being preserved with registration number "17.8.36". The chronicle is notable for its focus on local events, lack of stylistic embellishments and the use of local dialect. The Novgord First Chronicle (NPL), just like

336-633: The chronology at the start of the Laurentian Codex (compiled 1377) makes no mention of "Rurik", but starts the regnal list of Rus' princes from the year in which Oleg took up residence in Kiev. The narrative part of the NPL starts from the legendary origins of Rus' and its last records refer to mid-15th century events. It describes the accession to the throne of the princes of Novgorod, the elections of major officials such as tysyatsky and posadnik , building of churches and monasteries, epidemics and military campaigns. The Academic ( Akademícheskiy ) copy of

360-412: The eldest brother to the youngest brother and then to cousins until the fourth in line of succession (not to be confused with "fourth cousins") in a generation before it was passed on to the eldest member of the senior line if his father had held the Kievan throne. The princes were placed in a hierarchy or "ladder" or "staircase" of principalities, which Sergei Soloviev called the " rota system " (rota being

384-407: The land will move from place to place. Yan Vyshatich asked: "how do you think man came to be?" The Magi answered: "God bathed in the bath and sweated, wiped himself with a rag and threw it from heaven to the earth; and the devil created man, and God put his soul into him. Therefore, when a person dies, the body goes to the earth, and the soul goes to God" Froyanov was the first to draw attention to

408-617: The late 11th century, which contained information not present in the later Primary Chronicle (PVL). But in her doctoral dissertation, The Chronicle and the Chronograph (2015), Ukrainian historian Tetyana Vilkul demonstrated that the Novgorod First Chronicle in the Younger Redaction ( Younger NPL ) has been contaminated by the PVL , so that the PVL text must necessarily be older, and the Younger NPL text reflected

432-483: The legend with the words of the Magi under the year 1071 (presumably they were of Finnic origin) indicates that the worldview of the Magi of that period was no longer pagan , but was a symbiosis of Christianity with folk beliefs. The text of the Novgorod First Chronicle was repeatedly used in other Novgorod chronicles. It became one of the main sources of the so-called Novgorodsko-Sofiysky Svod , which in turn served as

456-520: The period, the term was meant as a prince in Kievan Rus' who was excluded from succession to the Kievan throne because his father had not held the throne before, as exemplified by Yaroslav the Wise 's two youngest sons becoming izgoi. In Kievan Rus', as well as Appanage and early Muscovite Russia, collateral succession , rather than linear succession , was practiced, with the throne being passed from

480-532: The protograph of the Novgorod Fourth Chronicle and Sofia First Chronicle . The Novgorodsko-Sofiysky Svod was included in the all-Rus' chronicle of the 15th-16th centuries. Independently it was reflected in the Tver chronicle. Editio princeps In textual and classical scholarship , the editio princeps ( plural : editiones principes ) of a work is the first printed edition of

504-466: The similarity of the text with the Mordovian-Finn legend about the creation of man by God (Cham-Pas) and the devil (Shaitana). In the retelling of Melnikov-Pechersky , this legend sounds like this: Shaitan modeled the body of a man from clay, sand and earth; he came out with a pig, then a dog, then reptiles. Shaitan wanted to make a man in the image and likeness of Cham-Pas. Then Shaitan called

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528-407: The work, that previously had existed only in manuscripts . These had to be copied by hand in order to circulate. For example, the editio princeps of Homer is that of Demetrius Chalcondyles , now thought to be from 1488. The most important texts of classical Greek and Roman authors were for the most part produced in editiones principes in the years from 1465 to 1525, following the invention of

552-672: Was izgoi , ineligible to rule. The chronicle describes the actions of the Volkhvs (Magi) who became the leaders of rebellions in 1024 and 1071. Historian Igor Froyanov analysed a scene from the Novgorod First Chronicle in which the Magi talk about the creation of man. According to legend, under the year 1071, two Magi appeared in Novgorod and began to sow turmoil, claiming that soon the Dnieper will flow backwards and

576-654: Was continued by the monks of the Yuriev Monastery in Novgorod . Other important copies of the Novgorod First Chronicle include the Academic Scroll ( Akademícheskiy ) and Commission Scroll ( Komissiónnyy )), both dating to the 1440s, and the Tolstoi ( Tolstóvoi ) copy. This "Younger Redaction" contains entries from the year 854 up to 1447. The beginning of the Synod Scroll or "Older Edition" of

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