Novhorod-Siverskyi ( Ukrainian : Новгород-Сіверський , IPA: [ˈnɔu̯ɦorod ˈs⁽ʲ⁾iwersʲkɪj] ) is a historic city in Chernihiv Oblast , northern Ukraine . It serves as the administrative center of Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion , although until 18 July 2020 it was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the raion. Novhorod-Siverskyi is situated on the bank of the Desna River , 330 kilometres (210 mi) from the capital, Kyiv . It hosts the administration of Novhorod-Siverskyi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. 12,375 (2022 estimate).
15-656: The town was first chronicled in 1044. From 1098 it was the capital of the Siverian Principality , which served as a buffer zone against incursions of the Cumans (Polovtsy) and other steppe peoples. One of the numerous campaigns of local princes against the Cumans produced the great monument of early East Slavic literature , the Tale of Igor's Campaign . After the town's destruction by Mongols in 1239, it passed to
30-615: A large Severian Principality, which stretched as far as the upper reaches of the Oka River . Until the end of the century, the principality served as a buffer state against Cuman attacks. Its most celebrated ruler was Prince Igor (1150–1202), whose exploits are recounted in the 12th century epic The Tale of Igor's Campaign . After the Mongol invasion of Rus' , the principality became largely ruined; however, it remained intact throughout repeated Tatar invasions . Unfortunately, not much
45-473: A separate historical-cultural reserve named after The Tale of Igor's Campaign . The town has managed to maintain random planning in its landscape. The boundary of the town historical center remains vague. Tourist attractions are located on two high capes divided by ravines: the ensemble of Savior-Transfiguration Monastery [ uk ] and the town centre. The architectural monuments of state significance are scattered on five separate areas which compose
60-765: Is a historical region in present-day southwest Russia , northern Ukraine , and eastern Belarus . The largest part lies in modern Russia, while the central part of the region is the city of Chernihiv in Ukraine. The region received its name from the Severians , an East Slavic tribe which inhabited the territory in the late 1st millennium A.D.; their name is Slavic meaning "Northerners". Their main settlements included seven cities of modern Russia ( Kursk , Rylsk , Starodub , Trubchevsk , Sevsk , Bryansk , Belgorod ) and five cities of modern Ukraine ( Liubech , Novhorod-Siverskyi, Chernihiv , Putyvl , Hlukhiv ). According to
75-486: Is known about this period as Severia was rarely mentioned in written accounts of the 13th century. By the mid 14th century, it was already part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania as appanage duchy, whose Gediminid princes ( Ruthenian -speaking and Orthodox by religion) established their capitals in the cities of Novhorod-Siverskyi, Starodub , and Trubchevsk . During the 1501-1503 Lithuanian-Muscovite wars, an ally of
90-859: The Primary Chronicle , the Severians paid tribute to the Khazars , along with the neighboring Polans . Prince Oleg of Novgorod (reigned 879–912) conquered them and incorporated their lands into the new principality of Kievan Rus' . By the time of Yaroslav the Wise (1019–1054) the Severian peoples had lost most of their distinctness, and the areas of Severia along the upper course of the Desna River became controlled by Chernihiv. In 1096, Oleg I of Chernigov (also referred to as Oleh ) created
105-478: The Ukrainian and Russian Soviet republics , finally dividing the land of the former Severians. Since the 16th and 17th centuries, the specific Severian icon-painting style had been forming. It was much influenced by conservative Byzantine specimens which dominated in the Grand Duchy of Moscow . Severian icons are characterized by internal restraint, severeness and asceticism . These features survived during
120-703: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Khan of Great Horde Sheikh Ahmed destroyed the duchy's capital Novgorod-Siverskyi which by that time was controlled by Muscovites. After the Lithuanian defeat at the Battle of Vedrosha , the Severian Principality was acquired by Muscovy . After the war the duchy was controlled by Muscovite subject Prince Vasiliy Shemiachich (after he was imprisoned in Moscow in 1523,
135-538: The duchy was governed by Muscovite voivodes (capetanus)). During the 18th century, the Hetmans of Ukrainian Cossacks established residences in the towns of Baturyn , Hlukhiv , and Pochep . Hlukhiv, in particular, developed into a veritable capital of 18th-century Ukraine . Following the October Revolution , the Severian lands, populated by a mixture of Ukrainians and Russians , were divided between
150-786: The monastery of the Saviour's Transfiguration. It features a Neoclassical cathedral (1791–1796, designed by Giacomo Quarenghi ), 17th century stone walls, and several ecclesiastic foundations dating from the 16th century. Other landmarks include the Cossack Baroque Assumption Cathedral, a triumphal arch (1787), and the wooden church of St. Nicholas (1760). Siverian Principality Severia ( Old East Slavic : Сѣверія , romanized: Sěverìja , Russian : Северщина , romanized : Severshchina ) or Siveria ( Ukrainian : Сіверія / Сіверщина , romanized : Siveria / Sivershchyna )
165-551: The princes of Bryansk and then to the Grand Dukes of Lithuania . It was ruled by Dymitr Korybut (Kaributas), son of Algirdas . Muscovy obtained the area following the Battle of Vedrosha in 1503, but lost it to Poland after the Time of Troubles , when it submitted to False Dmitry I in the Battle of Novhorod-Siverskyi . Nowogród Siewierski was granted Magdeburg city rights in 1620 by Polish King Sigismund III Vasa . It
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#1732783297635180-553: The raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Chernihiv Oblast to four, the city was merged into Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion. During the 24 February 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, it was occupied by Russian forces. Despite historic disasters, the town has preserved many architectural monuments, and a branch of the Chernihiv State Historical and Architectural Reserve had been established, which since 1990 has become
195-473: The territory of the preserve. The biggest area is the territory of Savior-Transfiguration Monastery. The other areas are Dormition Cathedral, the wooden St. Nicolas Church, a triumphal arch, and shopping arcades. There are constructions and residential buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries in the town centre. The main point of interest in the town is the former residence of the Chernihiv metropolitans ,
210-459: Was made the capital of a separate namestnichestvo in 1782–97. Thereafter its importance steadily declined. During World War II , Novhorod-Siverskyi was occupied by the German Army from 26 August 1941 to 16 September 1943. Until 18 July 2020, Novhorod-Siverskyi was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Novhorod-Siverskyi Raion even though it was the center of
225-548: Was the easternmost powiat (county) seat of Poland. The town passed to Russia as a result of the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) . During the Cossack epoch, it received the status of military company town ( sotenne misto ) and later regimental town ( polkove misto ); these were military and administrative divisions in the Cossack army and country. Also Novhorod-Siverskyi became a cultural center of Left-bank Ukraine . It
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