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72-998: The Yenisey River flows through the district. The district was founded on April 4, 1924. In 1911, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Konstantin Chernenko was born in the village of Bolshaya Tes, which is currently located in the district. As of 2013, the Head of the district and the Chairman of the District Council is Andrey V. Volodin. Yenisey River 18,050 m /s (637,000 cu ft/s) (Period of data: 1940–2017) 588 km /a (18,600 m /s) The Yenisey ( / ˌ j ɛ n ɪ ˈ s eɪ / YEN -iss- AY ; Russian : Енисе́й , pronounced [jɪnʲɪˈsʲej] )

144-531: A Samoyed derivation has been proposed, its precise origins remain unclear. Today, the word survives only in Sayan Turkic languages : in Tuvan as xem хем, meaning "river", and in its sister language, Tofa , as hem hем, also meaning "river". These languages are considered to have had close contact with those mentioned above in ancient times. Additionally, there are just over 50 river names containing

216-532: A pike ( PL : pike) in Great Britain , Ireland , most of Eastern Europe, Canada and the U.S. , although in the Midwest, they may be called a Northern. Pike can grow to a relatively large size. Their average length is about 40–55 cm (16–22 in), with maximum recorded lengths of up to 150 cm (59 in) and maximum weights of 28.4 kg (63 lb). The IGFA currently recognises

288-721: A 25 kg (55 lb) pike caught by Lothar Louis on Greffern Lake, Germany, on 16 October 1986, as the all-tackle world-record holding northern pike. Northern pike grow to larger sizes in Eurasia than in North America, and in coastal Eurasian regions than inland ones. The northern pike gets its common name from its resemblance to the pole-weapon known as the pike (from the Middle English for 'pointed'). Various other unofficial trivial names are common pike, Lakes pike, great northern pike, great northern, northern (in

360-815: A 50-centimetre (20 in) northern pike will weigh about 0.9 kg (2 lb), while a 65-centimetre (26 in) northern pike will weigh about 1.8 kg (4 lb). Northern Pike typically live to 10–15 years, but sometimes up to 25 years. Pike are found in sluggish streams and shallow, weedy places in lakes and reservoirs, as well as in cold, clear, rocky waters. They are typical ambush predators ; they lie in wait for prey, holding perfectly still for long periods, and then exhibit remarkable acceleration as they strike. They inhabit any water body that contains fish, but suitable places for spawning are also essential. Because of their cannibalistic nature, young pike need places where they can take shelter between plants so they are not eaten. In both cases, rich submerged vegetation

432-410: A distinctive habit of catching its prey sideways in the mouth, immobilising it with its sharp, backward-pointing teeth, and then turning the prey headfirst to swallow it. For larger prey, the pike will usually attempt to drown the prey before carrying it off to be consumed. It eats mainly fish and frogs, but also small mammals and birds fall prey to pike. Young pike have been found dead from choking on

504-459: A few metres deep, probably pursuing schools of prey fish. Smaller pike are more of ambush predators, probably because of their vulnerability to cannibalism. Pike are often found near the exit of culverts , which can be attributed to the presence of schools of prey fish and the opportunity for ambush. Being potamodromous , all esocids tend to display limited migration, although some local movement may be of key significance for population dynamics. In

576-656: A float carried by the wind. This method is often used in wintertime and best done in lakes near schools of preyfish or at the deeper parts of shallow water bodies, where pike and preyfish tend to gather in great numbers. Pike make use of the lateral line system to follow the vortices produced by the perceived prey, and the whirling movement of the spinner is probably a good way to imitate or exaggerate these. Jerkbaits are also effective and can produce spectacular bites with pike attacking these erratic-moving lures at full speed. For trolling, big plugs or softbaits can be used. Spoons with mirror finishes are very effective when

648-425: A need for space. Young pike tend to have their food stolen by larger pike. Pike are aggressive if not given enough space because they are territorial. They use a form of foraging known as ambush foraging. Unlike species such as perch , pike undergo bursts of energy instead of actively chasing down prey. As such, a fair amount of inactive time occurs until they find prey. Hunting efficiency decreases with competition;

720-467: A pike attacking a dog. Pike are occasionally preyed upon by otters. Pike are capable of "fast start" movements, which are sudden high-energy bursts of unsteady swimming. Many other fish exhibit this movement as well. Most fish use this mechanism to avoid life-threatening situations. For the pike, however, it is a tool used to capture prey from their sedentary positions. They flash out in such bursts and capture their prey. These fast starts terminate when

792-457: A pike of a similar size, an observation referred to by the renowned English poet Ted Hughes in his famous poem "Pike". Northern pike also feed on insects , crayfish , and leeches . They are not very particular and eat spiny fish like perch , and will even take fish as small as sticklebacks if they are the only available prey. Pike are known to occasionally hunt and consume larger water birds , such as an incident in 2016 when an individual

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864-684: A sporting fish and they are returned alive to the water to safeguard future sport and maintain the balance of a fishery. The Pike Anglers Club has campaigned to preserve pike since 1977, arguing that the removal of pike from waters can lead to an explosion of smaller fish, and to ensure pike removal stops, which is damaging to both the sport fishery and the environment. Pike angling is becoming an increasingly popular pastime in Europe. Effective methods for catching include dead baits, lure fishing, and jerk baiting. They are prized as game fish for their large size and aggressive nature. Lake fishing for pike from

936-497: Is a compound word of unconfirmed Old Kyrgyz (or inspired by Tuvan language?) ene (эне), meaning "great-grandmother; nanny" + say (сай), meaning "gravel; ford". However, the above considerations, except Vasmer's, remain speculative false etymologies , as they do not refer to the dictionaries of the respective languages. Researchers are encouraged to conduct more detailed studies based on proper contemporary linguistic sources and historical documents . Studies have shown that

1008-487: Is a largely solitary predator . It migrates during a spawning season, and it follows prey fish like common roaches to their deeper winter quarters. Sometimes, divers observe groups of similar-sized pike that cooperate some to start hunting at the same time, so "wolfpack" theories are given. Large pike can be caught on dead immobile fish, so these pike are thought to move about in a rather large territory to find food. Large pike are also known to cruise large water bodies at

1080-845: Is formed between the Gyda Peninsula and the Taymyr Peninsula . It is the central one of three large Siberian rivers that flow into the Arctic Ocean (the other two being the Ob and the Lena ). The maximum depth of the Yenisey is 61 metres (200 ft) and the average depth is 14 metres (45 ft). The Yenisey proper, from the confluence of its source rivers the Great Yenisey and Little Yenisey at Kyzyl to its mouth in

1152-1062: Is found in fresh water throughout the Northern Hemisphere, including Russia , Europe , and North America . It has also been introduced to lakes in Morocco , and is even found in brackish water of the Baltic Sea , but they are confined to the low-salinity water at the surface of the sea, and are seldom seen in brackish water elsewhere. Within North America, northern pike populations are found in Maine , New Hampshire , Vermont , Massachusetts , Rhode Island , Connecticut , New York , New Jersey , Pennsylvania , Maryland , West Virginia , Ohio , Michigan , Indiana , Illinois , Wisconsin , Minnesota , Iowa , Missouri , North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Kansas , Montana , Idaho , Utah , Colorado , Oklahoma , northern Texas , northern New Mexico , northern Arizona , Alaska ,

1224-568: Is found in the 14th-century History of Yuan , vol. 63. These contacts were made by the Chinese as they approached the upper Yenisei River from the south. The characters jian "劔" (or jian "劍") and qian "謙" have been compared to Käm in Orkhon inscriptions from the 8th century. The term Kem كيم is also found in the 13th‒14th-century Oirat Biography in Jami' al-Tawarikh . Furthermore, even in

1296-467: Is known as a tiger muskellunge ( Esox masquinongy × lucius or Esox lucius × masquinongy , depending on the sex of each of the contributing species). In the hybrids, the males are invariably sterile, while females are often fertile, and may back-cross with the parent species. Another form of northern pike, the silver pike, is not a subspecies but rather a mutation that occurs in scattered populations. Silver pike, sometimes called silver muskellunge, lack

1368-686: Is nearby on the Arctic Ocean's Taymyr Peninsula . The largest tributaries of the Yenisey are, from source to mouth: A significant feature of the Upper Yenisei is Lake Baikal , the deepest and oldest lake in the world. The Brekhovskie Islands (Russian-language article: Бреховские острова ) lie in the Yenisey estuary and have an area of some 1,400,000 hectares. They provide a wetland habitat for rare and endangered birds and are an internationally important nesting and breeding area for several types of waterfowl . The most north-easterly of

1440-493: Is needed. Pike are seldom found in brackish water, except for the Baltic Sea area, here they can be found spending time both in the mouths of rivers and in the open brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. It is normal for pike to return to fresh water after a period in these brackish waters. They seem to prefer water with less turbidity , but that is likely related to their dependence on the presence of vegetation. Esox lucius

1512-662: Is popular fare, the ability of a filleter to effectively remove the bones from the fillets while minimizing the amount of flesh lost in the process (known as "de-boning") is a highly valued skill. There are methods for filleting pike and leaving the "y-bones" in the fish's body; this does leave some flesh on the fish but avoids the sometimes difficult process of "de-boning". Larger fish are more easily filleted (and much easier to de-bone), while smaller ones are often processed as forcemeat to eliminate their many small bones, and then used in preparations such as quenelles and fish mousses . Historical references to cooking pike go as far back as

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1584-567: Is required in unhooking a pike. Barbless trebles are recommended when angling for this species, as they simplify unhooking. This is undertaken using long forceps , with 30-cm artery clamps the ideal tool. When holding the pike from below on the lower jaw, it will open its mouth. It should be kept out of the water for the minimum amount of time possible, and should be given extra time to recover if being weighed and photographed before release. It's also recommended that anglers use an unhooking mat to prevent it from harm. If practicing live release, calling

1656-413: Is short, pike suffer a fairly high young mortality rate. Cannibalism is more prevalent in cool summers, as the upcoming pike have slow growth rates in that season and might not be able to reach a size to deter the larger pike. Cannibalism is likely to arise in low growth and low food conditions. Pike do not discriminate siblings well, so cannibalism between siblings is likely. Aggression also arises from

1728-892: Is the fifth-longest river system in the world, and the largest to drain into the Arctic Ocean . Rising in Mungaragiyn-gol in Mongolia, it follows a northerly course through Lake Baikal and the Krasnoyarsk Dam before draining into the Yenisey Gulf in the Kara Sea . The Yenisey divides the Western Siberian Plain in the west from the Central Siberian Plateau to the east; it drains a large part of central Siberia . Its delta

1800-536: The Kara Sea , is 3,487 km (2,167 mi) long. From the source of its tributary the Selenga , it is 5,075 km (3,153 mi) long. It has a drainage basin of 2,580,000 km (1,000,000 sq mi). The Yenisey flows through the Russian federal subjects Tuva , Khakassia and Krasnoyarsk Krai . The city of Krasnoyarsk is situated far upstream on the Yenisey, and the industrial city of Norilsk

1872-619: The Nganasan word "Jentajea", the Enets "Jeddosi", and the Selkup "N'andesi", all meaning "Yenisei River", might correspond to unidentified Samoyed languages, probably quoted Matthias Castrén 's vocabulary. V. K. Nikonov has proposed that the word could derive from "iondessi" (иондесси), meaning "big river" in Selkup, Khanty , or even Evenki . More recently, some have speculated that "Yenisei"

1944-511: The Romans . Fishing for pike is said to be very exciting with their aggressive hits and aerial acrobatics. Pike are among the largest North American freshwater game fish. Because of their prolific and predatory nature, laws have been enacted in some places to help stop the spread of northern pike outside of their native range. For instance, in California , anglers are required by law to remove

2016-550: The Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii ). The Yenisey valley is habitat for numerous flora and fauna, with Siberian pine and Siberian larch being notable tree species. In prehistoric times Scots pine , Pinus sylvestris , was abundant in the Yenisey valley c.  6000 BC . There are also numerous bird species present in the watershed, including, for example, the hooded crow , Corvus cornix . The Taimyr herd of tundra reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus sibiricus ),

2088-797: The Soviet Union . The first written mention of the Yenisei River dates back to the 7th century in Tang Dynasty China, at the time of contact with Yenisei Kyrgyz of this region. The word Jian shui (劔水, "Jian River") appears in Book of Zhou , vol. 50, and History of the Northern Dynasties , vol. 99, while Jian he (劍河, "Jian River") appears in New Book of Tang , vol. 217. In addition, Qian he (謙河, "Qian River")

2160-528: The Sym . In 1862 Paul Theodor von Krusenstern attempted to navigate with two ships from Murmansk through the Kara Sea to the delta of the river Yenissei, but unfortunately was shipwrecked before obtaining success. During World War II , Nazi Germany and the Japanese Empire agreed to divide Asia along a line that followed the Yenisey to the border of China and then along the border of China and

2232-591: The Taz River . It is believed that the name of the Yenisei River was transmitted, either directly or indirectly, from Samoyed-speaking peoples in the region with whom the Russians had contact. This contact eventually led to the adoption of the name "Yenisei", with a Russian accent. Additionally, by the end of the 16th century, the Yenisei River was already known to Dutch navigators, who referred to it as "Gilissi", "Gelissi", or "Geniscea", among other names. Although

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2304-565: The Yugh people have lived along the banks of the Yenisey since ancient times, and this region is the location of the Yeniseian language family . The Ket, numbering about 1000, are the only survivors today of those who originally lived throughout central southern Siberia near the river banks. Their extinct relatives included the Kotts, Assans, Arins, Baikots and Pumpokols who lived further upriver to

2376-918: The Yukon , the Northwest Territories , Alberta , Saskatchewan , Manitoba , Ontario , and Québec (pike are rare in British Columbia and east coast provinces). Watersheds in which pike are found include the Ohio Valley , the upper Mississippi River and its tributaries, and the Great Lakes Basin . They are also stocked in, or have been introduced to, some western lakes and reservoirs for sport fishing, although some fisheries managers believe this practice often threatens other species of fish such as bass , trout , and salmon , causing government agencies to attempt to exterminate

2448-417: The gill cover lacks scales, and it has large sensory pores on its head and on the underside of its lower jaw which are part of the lateral line system. Unlike the similar-looking and closely related muskellunge , the northern pike has light markings on a dark body background and fewer than six sensory pores on the underside of each side of the lower jaw. A hybrid between northern pike and muskellunge

2520-668: The 18th century, Chinese maps show ᡴᡝ᠊ᠮ᠊ᠠ ᠪᡳ᠊ᡵᠠ Kem bira “Kem River” ( the Kangxi Imperial Atlas of China (康煕皇輿全覧図) in 1717), ᡴᡝ᠊ᠮ᠊ᠠ ᡳ ᠪᠣ᠊ᠮ Kem-i bom “Cliffs of the Kem River” ( the Yongzheng Atlas (雍正十排図) in 1727 or 1728), 伊克穆必拉 ( yeke Kem bira ) “Great Kem River” ( the Ch'ien-lung Atlas (乾隆内府輿図) in 1769). The etymology of Käm is not believed to be of Turkic origin, and although

2592-538: The Baltic, they are known to follow herring schools , so have some seasonal migration. Although it is generally known as a "sporting" quarry, some anglers release pike they have caught because the flesh is considered bony, especially due to the substantial (epipleural) "Y-bones". The white and mild-tasting flesh of pikes nonetheless has a long and distinguished history in cuisine and is popular fare in Europe and parts of North America. Among fishing communities where pike

2664-670: The Turks and the Chinese and other legends. There are also examples of Uyghur poetry, though most have survived only in Chinese translation. Wheat from the Yenisey was sold by Muslims and Uighurs during inadequate harvests to Bukhara and Soghd during the Tahirid era. Russians first reached the upper Yenisey in 1605, travelling from the Ob, up the Ket , portaging and then down the Yenisey as far as

2736-565: The U.S. Upper Midwest and in the Canadian provinces of Alberta , Manitoba and Saskatchewan ), jackfish, jack, slough shark, snake, slimer, slough snake, gator (due to a head similar in shape to that of an alligator), hammer handle, and other such names as "long head" or "pointy nose". Numerous other names can be found in Field Museum Zool. Leaflet Number 9 . Its earlier common name, the luci (now lucy) or luce when fully grown,

2808-432: The Yenisey basin are relatively widespread Euro- Siberian or Siberian species, such as northern pike ( Esox lucius ), common roach ( Rutilus rutilus ), common dace ( Leuciscus leuciscus ), Siberian sculpin ( Cottus poecilopus ), European perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) and Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio ). The basin is also home to many salmonids (trout, whitefish , charr , graylings, taimen and relatives) and

2880-553: The Yenisey suffers from contamination caused by radioactive discharges from a factory that produced bomb-grade plutonium in the secret city of Krasnoyarsk-26, now known as Zheleznogorsk . Northern pike The northern pike ( Esox lucius ) is a species of carnivorous fish of the genus Esox (pikes). They are commonly found in moderately salty and fresh waters of the Northern Hemisphere ( i.e. holarctic in distribution). They are known simply as

2952-419: The body length is 4 to 8 cm (1.6 to 3.1 in), they start feeding on small fish. A pike has a very typical hunting behaviour; it is able to remain stationary in the water by moving the last fin rays of the dorsal fins and the pectoral fins . Before striking, it bends its body and darts out to the prey using the large surface of its caudal fin , dorsal fin, and anal fin to propel itself. The fish has

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3024-432: The bottom for some time. The embryonic stage is five to 16 days, dependent on water temperature (at 19 °C (66 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F), respectively). Under natural circumstances, the survival from free-swimming larva to 75-mm pike is around 5%. The young, free-swimming pike feed on small invertebrates starting with Daphnia , and quickly move on to bigger prey, such as Asellus and Gammarus . When

3096-443: The breeding grounds before females do, preceding them by a few weeks. In addition, the males stay after the spawning is finished. Parental stock is vital for pike success. Egg survival has been shown to be positively correlated with number of eggs laid. For breeding, the more stable the water, the greater the fitness of the pike. Mortality results from toxic concentrations of iron or rapid temperature changes, and adult abundance and

3168-636: The exact spelling varied, these are phonetically similar to "Yenisei". In particular, the modern Dutch pronunciation of "Geniscea" as [xɛnisə] is quite close to "Yenisei". The term "Yenisei" (Енисей) appeared in Russian literature slightly later, around 1600, in the form that is still used today. Unlike in Dutch, the Russian spelling has been relatively stable since the 17th century, with only minor variations such as "Yeniseya" (Енисея) or "Yenisya" (Енися). The etymology of "Yenisei" remains unclear. Renowned linguist Max Vasmer , for instance, has suggested that

3240-400: The fish "caught" when it is alongside a boat is recommended. Remove the hook by grabbing it with needle-nosed pliers while the fish is still submerged and giving it a flip in the direction that turns the hook out of the mouth. This avoids damage to the fish and the stress of being out of water. In Finland, catching a kymppihauki , a pike weighing at least 10 kg (22 lb), is considered

3312-515: The float tube is now recognized as an especially suitable water craft for pike fly-fishing. Also they have been caught this way by using patterns that imitate small fry or invertebrates. In recent decades, more pike are released back to the water after catching ( catch and release ), but they can easily be damaged when handled. Handling those fish with dry hands can easily damage their mucus-covered skin and possibly lead to their deaths from infections. Since they have very sharp and numerous teeth, care

3384-646: The future Tsar Nicholas II on his voyage to Siberia, and later conveyed Vladimir Lenin to prison. Engineers attempted to place river steamers in regular service on the river during the building of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The boats were needed to bring in the rails, engines and supplies. Captain Joseph Wiggins sailed the Orestes with rail in 1893. However, the sea and river route proved very difficult with several ships lost at sea and on

3456-514: The head from a pike once it has been caught. In Alaska , pike are native north and west of the Alaska Range , but have been illegally introduced to south-central Alaska by game fishermen. In south-central Alaska, no limit is imposed in most areas. Pike are seen as a threat to native wild stocks of salmon by some fishery managers. Notably in Britain and Ireland, pike are greatly admired as

3528-473: The islands, Nosonovskij Ostrov ("Nose Island") was visited by Fridtjof Nansen in 1913. The Yenisey basin (excluding Lake Baikal and lakes of the Khantayka headwaters) is home to 55 native fish species, including two endemics : Gobio sibiricus (a gobionine cyprinid ) and Thymallus nigrescens (a grayling ). The grayling is restricted to Khövsgöl Nuur and its tributaries. Most fish found in

3600-425: The larger female pike tend to retire to deeper water and/or places with better cover. This gives the boat angler good fishing during the summer and winter seasons. Trolling (towing a fairy or bait behind a moving boat) is a popular technique. The use of float tubes is another method of fishing for pike on small to medium-sized still waters. Fly fishing for pike is another eligible way of catching these fish, and

3672-462: The larger the pike, the larger the area controlled by that particular pike. An inverse relation to vegetation density and pike size exists, which is due to the possibility of cannibalism from the largest pike. This makes sense, as the smaller pike need more vegetation to avoid being eaten. Large pike do not have this worry and can afford the advantage of a large line of sight. They prefer a tree structure habitat. There has been at least one instance of

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3744-538: The largest reindeer herd in the world, migrates to winter grazing ranges along the Yenisey. It had an estimated 800,000-850,000 individuals as of 2010, but has peaked at over one million. River steamers first came to the Yenisei River in 1864 and were brought in from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom across the icy Kara Sea. One was the steamer Nikolai . The steamship Thames attempted to explore

3816-462: The night. Pike have a strong homing behaviour; they inhabit certain areas by nature. During the summer, they tend to group closer to vegetation than during the winter. The exact reason is not clear, but likely is a result of foraging or possibly reproductive needs to safeguard young. Pike diel rhythm changes significantly over the year. On sunny days, pike stay closer to the shallow shore. On windy days, they are further from shore. When close to

3888-581: The pike by poisoning lakes, such as Stormy Lake, Alaska . E. lucius is a severe invasive predator in Box Canyon Reservoir on the Pend Oreille River in northeastern Washington . The northern pike is a relatively aggressive species, especially with regard to feeding. For example, when food sources are scarce, cannibalism develops, starting around five weeks in a small percentage of populations. This cannibalism occurs when

3960-460: The pike has reached maximum velocity. During such motions, pike make "S" conformations while swimming at high rates. To decelerate, they, simply make a "C" conformation, exponentially slowing down their speed so that they can "stop". An interesting behavioural trait that pike have is that they have short digestion times and long feeding periods. They can undergo many of these fast bursts to collect as much prey as they can. Pike are least active during

4032-460: The qualification as a master fisherman. Many countries have banned the use of live fish for bait, but pike can be caught with dead fish, which they locate by smell. For this technique, fat marine fish like herring , sardines and mackerel are often used. Compared to other fish like the eel , the pike does not have a good sense of smell , but it is still more than adequate to find the baitfish . Baitfish can be used as groundbait , but also below

4104-423: The ratio of predator to prey is two to one. One can expect this because when food is scarce, Northern pike fight for survival, such as turning on smaller pike to feed; this is seen in other species such as tiger salamanders . Usually, pike tend to feed on smaller fish, such as the banded killifish . However, when pike exceed 700 mm (28 in) long, they feed on larger fish. Because of cannibalism when food

4176-501: The relationship between length and weight is not linear. The relationship between total length ( L , in inches) and total weight ( W , in pounds) for nearly all species of fish can be expressed by an equation of the form Invariably, b is close to 3.0 for all species, and c is a constant that varies among species. For northern pike, b = 3.096 and c = 0.000180 ( c = 7.089 enables one to put length in meters and weight in kilograms). The relationship described in this section suggests

4248-410: The river, overwintered in 1876, but was damaged in the ice and eventually wrecked in the river. Success came with the steamers Frazer , Express in 1878 and, the next year, Moscow hauling supplies in and wheat out. The Dalman reached Yeniseisk in 1881. Imperial Russia placed river steamers on the massive river in an attempt to free up communication with land-locked Siberia. One, St. Nicholas took

4320-522: The river. Both the Ob and Yenisey mouths feed into very long inlets, several hundred kilometres in length, which are shallow, ice bound and prone to high winds and thus treacherous for navigation. After the completion of the railway, river traffic reduced to only local service as the Arctic route and long river proved much too indirect a route. The first recreation team to navigate the Yenisey's entire length, including its violent upper tributary in Mongolia,

4392-515: The rows of spots and appear silver, white, or silvery-blue in color. When ill, silver pike have been known to display a somewhat purplish hue; long illness is also the most common cause of male sterility. In Italy , the newly identified species Esox cisalpinus ("southern pike") was long thought to be a color variation of the northern pike, but was in 2011 announced to be a species of its own. Northern pike in North America seldom reach

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4464-399: The shore is especially effective during spring, when the big pike move into the shallows to spawn in weedy areas, and later many remain there to feed on other spawning coarse fish species to regain their condition after spawning. Smaller jack pike often remain in the shallows for their own protection, and for the small fish food available there. For the hot summer and during inactive phases,

4536-428: The shore, pike have a preference for shallow, vegetated areas. Pike are more stationary in reservoirs than lakes. A possibility is that lakes have more prey to feed upon, or possibly in reservoirs prey will ultimately cross paths with the pike. As such, this could be a form of energy conservation. Pike breed in the spring. Pike are physically capable of breeding at an age of about two years, spawning in spring when

4608-550: The size of their European counterparts; one of the largest specimens known was a 21 kg (46 lb) specimen from New York. It was caught in Great Sacandaga Lake on 15 September 1940 by Peter Dubuc. Reports of far larger pike have been made, but these are either misidentifications of the pike's larger relative, the muskellunge , or simply have not been properly documented and belong in the realm of legend. As northern pike grow longer, they increase in weight, and

4680-641: The south. The modern Ket lived in the eastern middle areas of the river before being assimilated politically into Russia during the 17th through 19th centuries. Some of the earliest known evidence of Turkic origins was found in the Yenisey Valley in the form of stelae , stone monoliths and memorial tablets dating from between the seventh and ninth centuries AD, along with some documents that were found in China's Xinjiang region . The written evidence gathered from these sources tells of battles fought between

4752-482: The strength of the resulting year classes are not related. It is based upon two points of development: one during embryo stage between fertilization and closure of the blastopore , and the second between hatching and the termination of the alevin stage. The colour of the sticky eggs is yellow to orange; the diameter is 2.5 to 3 mm (0.098 to 0.118 in). The embryos are 7.5 to 10 mm (0.30 to 0.39 in) in length and able to swim after hatching, but stay on

4824-663: The suffix -kem -кем in the Altai Republic , and the term Kim (Ким) as in Kim suγ (Ким суғ), meaning "Yenisei River" barely exists in Khakas . All of these instances are confined to the region in and around the present-day Republic of Tuva . Meanwhile, in the 17th century, Russians reached the lower part of the Yenisei River from the northwest; along the way, by 1600, the Tobolsk Cossacks built Fort Mangazeya by

4896-435: The sun is at a sharp angle to the water in the mornings or evenings because they generate the vibrations previously discussed and cause a glint of reflective sunlight that mimics the flash of white-bellied prey. When fishing in shallow water for smaller pike, lighter and smaller lures are frequently used. The humble 'woolly bugger' fly is a favourite lure among keen fly fisherman of the southern hemisphere. Fly fishing for pike

4968-441: The water temperature first reaches about 9 °C (48 °F). They have a tendency to lay a large number of eggs. A likely explanation for such actions is to produce as many surviving offspring as possible, as many most likely die early in life. In females, the gonads enlarge when it is time to shed her eggs. However, after they are shed, these eggs will not hatch if the water is below 6 °C (43 °F). Male pike arrive at

5040-509: Was an Australian-Canadian expedition completed in September 2001. Ben Kozel , Tim Cope, Colin Angus and Remy Quinter were on this team. Both Kozel and Angus wrote books detailing this expedition, and a documentary was produced for National Geographic Television. A canal inclined plane was built on the river in 1985 at the Krasnoyarsk Dam . Nomadic tribes such as the Ket people and

5112-478: Was observed trying to drown and eat a great crested grebe , an incident in which a pike choked to death after killing and attempting to eat a tufted duck , as well as an incident in 2015 where an attack by a large pike between three and four feet long was implicated as a possible cause for the injury and death of an adult mute swan on Lower Lough Erne , Northern Ireland , but it is generally believed that such attacks are only rare occurrences. The northern pike

5184-458: Was used to form its taxonomic name ( Esox lucius ) and is used in heraldry . Northern pike are most often olive green, shading from yellow to white along the belly. The flank is marked with short, light bar-like spots and a few to many dark spots on the fins. Sometimes, the fins are reddish. Younger pike have yellow stripes along a green body; later, the stripes divide into light spots and the body turns from green to olive green. The lower half of

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