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106-408: A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion and corresponding vote of confidence ) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body ) as to whether an officer (typically an executive ) is deemed fit to continue to occupy their office. The no-confidence vote is a defining constitutional element of a parliamentary system , in which

212-536: A constitutional crisis . On 7 April 2022, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled that the dismissal of the no-confidence motion, the prorogation of the National Assembly, advice of Khan to president Arif Alvi to dissolve the National Assembly and subsequent dissolution of the National Assembly were unconstitutional, and overturned these actions. On 10 April 2022, the reconvened National Assembly passed

318-409: A convention , discharge a committee, and postpone an event or action previously scheduled – are more difficult to pass if previous notice has not been given. Often, a majority of the entire membership or a two-thirds vote is required if previous notice has not been given. This rule is intended to protect the rights of absent members. Sometimes, when moving a motion of which notice has been given,

424-481: A Standing Order, Annulment, or Rescission. The repeal of a standing order is normally made as part of an order creating a new standard order. An annulment is used to declare proceedings to be null and void because of some form of irregularity in procedure. Renewals in the form of a rescission of a resolution made in earlier sessions is not prohibited by the practice of the House of Commons, but is seldom done. Technically it

530-614: A bill fails to pass. Bills and motions that are considered implicit motions of confidence include appropriations or supply bills , motions concerning budgetary policy, and the Address in Reply to the Speech from the Throne . The government may also declare any bill or motion to be a question of confidence. Although the failure to pass those bills and motions can serve as an implicit expression of

636-503: A confidence resolution, the Cabinet shall resign en masse, unless the House of Representatives is dissolved within ten (10) days." In Malaysia's federal political system , votes of confidence in state legislative assemblies of Malaysia have removed its heads of state governments four times, most recently Faizal Azumu's Perak ministry in 2020 . During the 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis , opposition members of Parliament demanded

742-484: A failed motion to reconsider cannot be reconsidered without unanimous consent. Since it is not possible to amend an amendment to an amendment, a member desiring to prevent amendments to his proposed language can do so by including it in a secondary amendment. Another parliamentary maneuver, which has been used in the United States Senate , is the so-called " nuclear option " in which a majority sidesteps

848-422: A member, instead of reading aloud the entire text, will simply say "I move the motion which stands in my name". There are different types of motions. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (RONR) divides motions into five classes: Classes 2, 3 and 4 are collectively referred to as " secondary motions ". The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure treats the fifth class as a type of main motion, under

954-414: A motion should be phrased in a way to take an action or express an opinion. A motion to not do something should not be offered if the same result can happen without anything being done. Such a motion could result in confusion if the assembly does not want to not do it. The process of handling motions generally involves the following steps, depending on the motion and the rules of order in use: A motion

1060-459: A previous action, Ratify, Reconsider, Rescind, and Resume Consideration. This book treats the motion to rescind and the motion to amend something previously adopted as two distinct motion forms under the "Restorative Main Motions" title. Also, the motion to discharge a committee is not used in this book because it allows a motion previously referred to committee to be withdrawn from the committee by

1166-535: A priority. If a motion of no confidence cannot be scheduled by the last sitting day of the annual sitting, it must be the first item on the order paper of the next sitting. In the event of a successful motion, the Speaker automatically assumes the position of acting president. On 7 August 2017, Speaker Baleka Mbete announced that she would permit a motion of no confidence in Jacob Zuma 's government to proceed in

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1272-515: A question , division of the assembly , motions relating to nominations , motions relating to methods of voting and the polls , objection to the consideration of a question , point of order , request to be excused from a duty , suspend the rules , and the requests and inquiries ( parliamentary inquiry , request for information , request for permission to withdraw or modify a motion , request to read papers , and request for any other privilege ). Most incidental motions are undebatable. Unlike

1378-412: A question again before the assembly are types of motions that are used to consider again a question that was previously disposed of. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised groups four motions under the classification name of "Motions that bring a question again before the assembly", because by their adoption or by their introduction, they serve the function described by the name of the class: Take from

1484-586: A question; that is, they bring a question back to its original status—as it was prior to the last vote on it. Generally only one motion can be considered at a time. There is a precedence, or ranking of the motions, when multiple motions are made. Each type of motion exists for a specific purpose. However, motions have been used beyond their stated purpose. Motions should not be made for dilatory or improper uses. Motions can accomplish results beyond their stated and obvious purpose. An example in Robert's Rules of Order

1590-530: A request that the president decides on whether to fulfil. The Parliament may, by its decision, withdraw its confidence from the Government or from a member of it. A motion of no confidence can only be submitted six months after the Parliament has rejected a previous one. The motion must be signed by at least one-sixth of the members and must clearly state the issues to be debated. A motion of no confidence

1696-416: A successful amendment to the budget may be considered a no-confidence vote. It is not necessarily the case that a vote with the effect of a motion of no confidence be introduced as such. As stated above, certain pieces of legislation may be treated as confidence issues. In some cases, the motion may be an ordinary legislative or procedural matter of little substantive importance used for the purpose of testing

1802-581: A vote of censure by the House of Commons . The motion was to reduce the salary of the Secretary of State for War as a censure over deficient supply of cordite to the Army . When it was passed, the Secretary of State Henry Campbell-Bannerman offered his resignation. As Campbell-Bannerman was the most popular Minister in a Government which was suffering internal division and whose members had grown tired of office,

1908-555: A vote of confidence in Prime Minister Muhyiddin Yassin , but he resigned before this could take place. The Constitution of Pakistan has provision for a no-confidence motion in all constituents of the Electoral College of the state. The motions can target speakers and deputy speakers of provincial and national assemblies , the prime minister , chief ministers of provinces , as well as

2014-478: A vote of no confidence is a motion that the House of Commons (federal) or legislative assembly (provincial) no longer has confidence in the incumbent government. A no-confidence motion may be directed against only the incumbent government, with confidence motions against the Official Opposition being inadmissible. Originating as a constitutional convention , it remains an uncodified practice which

2120-495: A vote of no confidence leads to the resignation of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , or, depending on the constitutional procedure at hand, a snap election . On the other hand, censure is a non-constitutionally-binding expression of disapproval; a motion of censure may be against an individual minister or a group of ministers. However, depending on a country's constitution, a no-confidence motion may be more directed against

2226-419: A vote of no confidence, the opposition is not required to formally present this failure as a motion of no-confidence against the government. If a vote of no confidence passes, the prime minister is required to either resign or request the governor-general to dissolve parliament and call a general election . The governor-general may refuse a request for dissolution if an election has recently been held or there

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2332-425: A vote they had made a matter of confidence failed: the first Prodi cabinet in 1996, and the second Prodi cabinet in 2006. In both cases, the vote made a matter of confidence was a vote on a resolution approving the prime minister's address to one of the houses of Parliament. Article 69 of the 1947 Constitution of Japan provides that "if the House of Representatives passes a non-confidence resolution, or rejects

2438-411: Is a matter of political judgment. A motion of no confidence on a relatively trivial matter may then prove counterproductive if an issue suddenly arises that is seen to be a more credible justification for a motion of no confidence. Sometimes, the government chooses to declare that one of its bills is a "vote of confidence" to prevent dissident members of its own party from voting against it. However, this

2544-486: Is a political risk, especially when the Prime Minister's majority is not assured, such as if the ruling party/coalition is internally divided, or in minority government ; if the bill fails (and thus it is shown that parliament has lost its confidence in the government), the Prime Minister is expected to resign or call snap elections. In Westminster systems, the government budget is always a vote of confidence; even

2650-573: Is accepted only if it is approved by the absolute majority of the total number of members. In India, a motion of no confidence can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India ) and after at least 50 Lok Sabha members support it, the Speaker may grant a leave and after considering the state of business in the House, allot a day or days or part of a day for

2756-409: Is another leader who can likely gain the confidence of the House. If a dissolution request is refused, the prime minister must resign, and the governor-general invites the leader of another coalition/party to form a new government. Six motions of no confidence have been passed in the House of Commons: in 1926, 1963, 1974, 1979, 2005, and 2011. All successful votes of no confidence in the 20th century were

2862-405: Is clear that the government does in fact have majority support simply to pressure ministers or put opposition parties in the potentially-embarrassing situation of voting in support of the government. In many parliamentary democracies , there are limits to how often a confidence vote may be held, such as being allowed only once every three or six months. Thus, the timing of a motion of no confidence

2968-435: Is closely tied to the parliamentary concept of "session". Sessions in ordinary societies usually consist of one meeting, but legislative sessions can continue for months or years. A motion that has been rejected (voted down) in one session, cannot be easily brought up again in that session, but can be renewed in following sessions as a new motion. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised provides exceptions to non-renewal through

3074-403: Is dilatory if there cannot possibly be two reasonable opinions about the ruling. Likewise, a motion for a division of the assembly is dilatory if the results of the voice vote are already clear to any reasonable person. The repetitive use of privileged motions can also be dilatory, such as repeatedly moving to adjourn when it has been voted down and nothing indicates that the assembly wants to end

3180-527: Is for members to not answer when their name is called during the quorum roll call. The problem of dilatory tactics in such bodies dates back to the beginnings of parliamentary procedure in England and the United States. Jefferson's Manual , for instance, only requires the Speaker to direct a bill to be read upon the desire of any member "if the request is really for information and not for delay." In

3286-407: Is not allowed. Reasonableness is often used as a criterion in deciding whether a motion is dilatory. Some types of motions are suitable only for specific circumstances, and their use is otherwise absurd and dilatory. For instance, a motion to refer (commit) a resolution to a committee is dilatory if its object would be defeated by the delay in taking action. A motion to appeal the ruling of the chair

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3392-401: Is not constitutionally bound to resign after losing a given vote, such a result may be an ominous sign for the government and prompt its resignation or the calling of snap elections . In addition to explicit motions of confidence and no-confidence, some bills (almost always the government budget , and sometimes other key pieces of legislation) may be declared to be a confidence vote – that is,

3498-419: Is not outlined in any standing orders for the House of Commons . In the House of Commons, a member of parliament may introduce a motion that explicitly states the House has no confidence in the incumbent government. In addition to explicit motions of no confidence, several other motions and bills are also considered implicit motions of confidence, and a vote of no confidence may be asserted automatically if such

3604-422: Is not required. Normally, this is a motion that introduces a substantive question as a new subject, in which case it is also called an original main motion . Otherwise, it is an incidental main motion , examples of which are the motions to adopt recommendations of a committee, to ratify action previously taken without a quorum, to rescind an action previously taken, or to adjourn or recess while no main motion

3710-402: Is not the necessary calm for considering the question in all its aspects." Renewal of a motion is the act of bringing up again a motion that has already been disposed of by the deliberative assembly. Generally, the assembly cannot be asked to decide the same question, or substantially the same question, as one it has already decided upon in the same session . The underlying principle behind

3816-473: Is pending. Unlike original main motions, incidental main motions cannot have an objection to the consideration of the question applied to them. A subsidiary motion is a type of motion by which a deliberative assembly deals directly with a main motion prior to (or instead of) voting on the main motion itself. Each subsidiary motion ranks higher than the main motion and lower than the privileged motions, and also yields to applicable incidental motions. Some of

3922-427: Is proposed by a member of the body, for the consideration of the body as a whole. Generally, the person making the motion, known as the mover, must first be recognized by the chairman as being entitled to speak; this is known as obtaining the floor. Once the mover has obtained the floor, the mover states the motion, normally prefixed with the phrase "I move." For instance, at a meeting , a member may say, "I move that

4028-433: Is regarded as a new question: the form being to read the previous resolution of the House and to move that it be rescinded. This power of rescission has been used sparingly and then only in the case of substantive motions. The reasons why open rescission is so rare is that the House instinctively realizes that parliamentary government requires the majority to abide by a decision regularly come to, however unexpected, and that it

4134-458: Is requested by at least 46 Deputies. New motion of vote of confidence cannot be called sooner that 3 months after previous vote of no confidence was called. Exception applies for motion requested by at least 115 Deputies. The Sejm may also pass a vote of no confidence in an individual minister. This motion can be called if at least 69 Deputies requested it. Same voting procedure as for vote of no confidence of whole government apply. The President of

4240-430: Is the same as a lost vote of confidence. In this case Chamber has to vote on proposed bill within three months of its submission (otherwise president of the republic can dissolve it). Chamber of Deputies may itself start debate on vote of no confidence of the government, but only if it has been submitted in writing by at least fifty Deputies. To adopt the resolution, an absolute majority of all Deputies have to vote against

4346-640: Is unfair to resort to methods, whether direct or indirect, to reverse such a decision. Essentially this is a safeguard for the rights of the minority. 1895 vote of no confidence in the Rosebery ministry The vote of no confidence in the Rosebery ministry of 21 June 1895, also known as the Cordite vote , was the occasion on which the Liberal Government of the Earl of Rosebery was defeated in

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4452-428: Is using the motion to postpone indefinitely in order to enable members who have exhausted their right of debate on the main question an opportunity to speak further and to test the strength of opposition to the question, since straw polls are not in order. Another example of strategic use of motions is moving to reconsider in order to "clinch" a decision on the primary motion and prevent its reconsideration later, since

4558-607: The Anti-Defection Law , when the majority party has an absolute majority and it can whip party members to vote in favour of the government; still it is possible to remove the government by a no-confidence motion if the ruling party breaks by more than one third. In Ireland , if a motion of no confidence in the Taoiseach or the government of Ireland is passed by Dáil Éireann , then the Taoiseach may request that

4664-685: The Congress of Deputies . Following the German model, votes of no confidence in Spain are constructive and so the motion must also include an alternative candidate for prime minister . For a motion of no confidence to be successful, it has to be carried by an absolute majority in the Congress of Deputies. At least five days must pass after the motion is registered before it can come up for a vote. Other parties may submit alternative motions within two days of

4770-549: The Northwest Territories and Nunavut , operate as a consensus government system in which the premier is chosen by the members of the nonpartisan legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the incumbent government passes, the premier and the cabinet are removed from office, and the legislature elects a new premier. In a consensus government, confidence motions may be directed against any individual ministers holding office as they are also nominated by members of

4876-435: The Parliament of India there are broadly three categories of motion:- 1) Substantive Motion 2) Substitute Motion 3) Subsidiary Motion- it is further classified into ancillary motion, supersiding motion and amendment. A main motion is a motion that brings business before the assembly. Main motions are made while no other motion is pending. Any of the subsidiary, incidental and privileged motions may be made while

4982-733: The President dissolve the Dáil and call a general election . Whether or not to grant this request is at the discretion of the President, though no President has ever refused a request for dissolution. Should the President refuse to dissolve the Dáil, the Taoiseach and government must resign. The motion of no confidence is outlined in Israeli Basic Law Article 28 and Article 44 of the Knesset's Rule of Procedure. In Italy ,

5088-530: The Senate . The subsequent Constitutional Court sentence in 1996 declared it was indeed possible to propose an individual vote of no confidence against a single minister , instead of the whole government, and that as such, the motion Mancuso was legitimate. The government can also make any vote a matter of confidence. In the entire history of the Republic of Italy, only two governments were forced to resign when

5194-647: The monarch . If the motion is unsuccessful, its signatories may not submit another motion during the same session. Motion (parliamentary procedure) The possible motions in a deliberative assembly are determined by a pre-agreed volume detailing the correct parliamentary procedure, such as Robert's Rules of Order ; The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure ; or Lord Citrine 's The ABC of Chairmanship . Motions are used in conducting business in almost all legislative bodies worldwide, and are used in meetings of many church vestries, corporate boards, and fraternal organizations. Motions can bring new business before

5300-496: The seventh Fanfani cabinet in 1987. Parliament can withdraw its support to the government through a vote of no confidence. A vote of no confidence may be proposed if a tenth of the members of either house sign the proposition and within three days before the appointed date, the vote can be brought into the discussion. Since the drafting of the Constitution of Italy , Parliament has not passed any no confidence motion against

5406-485: The 11 times that the motion has been invoked, nine cases targeted those posts, with four being effective. Votes of no confidence in prime ministers are extremely rare. In November 1989, Benazir Bhutto faced an ultimately unsuccessful motion of no confidence by Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi . Same is the case for provincial chief ministers , as the only instance of its use is the one moved in January 2018 against Sanaullah Zehri ,

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5512-470: The Army Estimates came up for debate. The motion was made during committee and so the vote had a low turnout compared with other votes of no confidence. The opposition therefore made a motion that the secretary of war's salary be reduced by £100, effectively removing the confidence of the house from the secretary of state. The motion was passed by 7 votes. While this might have been treated merely as

5618-454: The Army's .303 rifles which were suitable for cordite bullets were being fitted, but that "it is unnecessary at present to provide for more than a liberally estimated supply for one year". The Conservative frontbench had been assured privately that there were adequate supplies, and cordite could be manufactured quickly, but the party chose to raise the issue in the House of Commons on 21 June when

5724-593: The Congress to approve it. The president of the republic may dissolve Congress if it has censured or denied its confidence to two Cabinets. The relevant Articles 132–134 are in the 1993 version of the Constitution of Peru . During the 2019 Peruvian constitutional crisis , President Martín Vizcarra enacted a constitutional process on 29 May 2019 to create a motion of no confidence towards Congress if it refused to co-operate with his proposed actions against corruption. Pedro Castillo also motioned to use this mechanism against Congress in 2022 when he attempted to dissolve

5830-711: The Government chose to interpret the issue as one involving confidence in the Government and therefore resigned. The incoming Conservative government soon sought a dissolution of Parliament and won the ensuing general election . The vote is the last time in the History of the British Parliament that a government has been defeated on a confidence motion when it had a workable majority. Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery had become Prime Minister in March 1894, following William Ewart Gladstone 's resignation, being

5936-479: The House came in October 1941, when the House rejected the budget of Arthur Fadden 's minority government. Specific motions of no confidence or censure against the prime minister , ministers, the leader of the opposition , senators and leaders of political parties have been successful on some occasions. Motions of no confidence against the government may be passed in the Senate but have little or no impact in

6042-527: The House. However, the Senate's right to refuse supply helped spark the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis . In the Parliament of Bangladesh , there is no provision to hold motions of no confidence, as a result of Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh , which prohibits members of Parliament from voting against their party and made the removal of a sitting government unattainable. In Canada ,

6148-434: The National Assembly via secret ballot . It was the eighth motion to be brought against Zuma in his presidency and the first to be held via secret ballot. After the vote was held the next day, the motion was defeated 198–177, with 25 abstentions. Around 20 governing ANC members of Parliament voted in favour of the measure. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 provides for motions of no confidence to be proposed by one-tenth of

6254-592: The Republic have to recall a minister who failed to pass vote of no confidence passed by the Sejm by a majority of votes of the statutory number of Deputies. Any member of Parliament in the National Assembly may request a motion of no confidence in either the Cabinet, excluding the president , or the president. The Speaker, within the rules of Parliament , must add such a motion to the order paper and give it

6360-425: The Sejm. Sejm can by constructive vote of no confidence replace prime minister (and his government) with other person included in the vote. In order for motion of no confidence to pass and remove government the Sejm has with majority of all its Deputies vote for new prime minister (President of the Republic then have to appoint new prime minister). Vote of no confidence against sitting government can be called only if it

6466-600: The US Senate, there are no formal rules against dilatory tactics except under cloture . Between 1831 and 1900, dilatory votes to adjourn composed more than 10 percent of all Senate votes, and successfully delayed recognition of Louisiana's Reconstruction government until 1868. According to Sarah Binder, in the 46th United States Congress , motions to adjourn consumed 23 percent of all floor votes. Speaker Thomas Brackett Reed famously took countermeasures against dilatory tactics, such as ruling dilatory motions out of order, and

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6572-412: The assembly or consist of numerous other proposals to take procedural steps or carry out other actions relating to a pending proposal (such as postponing it to another time) or to the assembly itself (such as taking a recess). A motion is a formal proposal by a member to do something. Motions are the basis of the group decision-making process. They focus the group on what is being decided. Generally,

6678-470: The assembly, in which case the secretary is to record it in the minutes , or notifies the secretary outside of the meeting. In either case, the secretary is to include in the call of the next meeting the motion's text, often accompanied by the name of the person who intends to move it. Certain motions – specifically, the motions to adopt or amend special rules of order, rescind, repeal or annul or amend something previously adopted, amend standing rules in

6784-414: The assembly. The motion to ratify is also included in this group. Demeter's Manual of Parliamentary Law and Procedure uses the term, "restoratory", for a group of six motions that restored or brought a question back before the assembly: Expunge, Ratify, Rescind, Reconsider, Reconsider and Enter, and Take from the table. These "restoratory" motions are quasi-main motions that restore the status quo of

6890-411: The body immediately seconds the motion. Once the chair states the motion, it becomes the property of the assembly and the mover cannot modify it or withdraw it without the assembly's consent. Previous notice is an announcement that a motion will be introduced at a future meeting of a deliberative assembly. Previous notice can be given in one of two ways. A member either announces it at a meeting of

6996-409: The chair may feel the need to elicit relevant facts from members. According to Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised , the privileged motions are, in order of precedence: The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure omits Fix the time to which to adjourn, instead providing that the motion to adjourn may be amended with regard to the time to which to adjourn. This book also omits Call for orders of

7102-476: The chairman and deputy chairman of Senate . Before it can be put for a vote on the pertinent house's floor, it must have the backing of at least 20% of the elected members in all cases except those moved against speakers or deputy speakers in which case there is no minimum. After being put to vote, the motion is deemed to be successful only if passed by a majority. The no-confidence procedure has historically been mostly used to remove speakers and deputy speakers. Of

7208-496: The chief minister of Balochistan , who resigned before the vote could take place. Since gaining independence in 1947, only Imran Khan was successfully removed as prime minister through a motion of no confidence in 2022. An earlier attempt led by the opposition was dismissed by the deputy speaker Qasim Suri using Article 5 of the constitution. Later on, President Arif Alvi dissolved the National Assembly immediately after receiving advice from Prime Minister Khan to do so, causing

7314-416: The day, on the grounds that any member may raise a point of order if the scheduled order of business is not being followed. An incidental motion is a motion that relates in varying ways to the main motion and other parliamentary motions. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised lists the following incidental motions: appeal the decision of the chair , consideration by paragraph or seriatim , division of

7420-468: The discussion of the motion (under sub-rule (2) and (3) of rule 198 of Lok Sabha Rules, 16th edition). If the motion carries, the House debates and votes on the motion. If a majority of the members vote in favour of the motion, it is passed, and all the ministers are expected to resign on their moral grounds. J. B. Kripalani moved the first-ever no-confidence motion on the floor of the Lok Sabha against

7526-463: The election of speaker to not be a matter of confidence. This was passed in 1985 and is now part of the standing orders. The confidence convention is also present in the provincial legislatures of Canada, operating much like their federal counterpart. However, the decision to dissolve the legislature and call an election or to see if another coalition/party can form a government is left to the provincial lieutenant-governor . Two Canadian territories,

7632-550: The end of the German Weimar Republic . Frequently, chancellors were then turned out of the office without their successors having enough parliamentary support to govern. Unlike the British system, chancellors do not have to resign in response to the failure of a vote of confidence if it has been initiated by them, rather than by the parliamentary opposition, but they may ask the president to call general elections,

7738-408: The entire cabinet . Again, depending on the applicable rules, censure motions may need to state the reasons for the motion, but specific reasons may not be required for no-confidence motions. However, in some countries, especially those with uncodified constitutions , what constitutes a no-confidence vote sufficient to force the resignation of high officeholders may not be clear. Even if the government

7844-406: The executive's mandate rests upon the continued support (or at least non-opposition ) of the majority in the legislature. Systems differ in whether such a motion may be directed against the prime minister , against individual cabinet ministers, against the cabinet as a whole, or some combination of the above. A censure motion is different from a no-confidence motion. In a parliamentary system ,

7950-588: The government are rare in Denmark, only occurring in 1909, 1947 and 1975. Generally the government will resign or call for an election before a vote of no confidence. The European Parliament can dismiss the European Commission , the executive body of the European Union, through a successful motion of no confidence, which requires a two-thirds vote. A successful vote on the motion leads to

8056-590: The government of prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru in August 1963, immediately after the disastrous Sino-Indian War . As of August 2023, 31 no-confidence motions have been moved. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi faced the most no-confidence motions (15), followed by Lal Bahadur Shastri and P. V. Narasimha Rao (three each), Morarji Desai and Narendra Modi (two each), and Jawaharlal Nehru , Rajiv Gandhi , V. P. Singh , H. D. Deve Gowda , Atal Bihari Vajpayee , and Manmohan Singh (one each). Prime Minister Vajpayee lost

8162-770: The government or after first sitting of newly elected Sejm , appoint prime miniter and on his recommodation other members of the government (prime minister have to submit resignation of the government at first sitting of new Sejm). 14 days after being appointed by president government must present their programme to the Sejm and ask for a motion requiring a vote of confidence. Motion is passed if more present Sejm deputies votes for government than against it. At least half of all Deputies have to be present. If government fails to pass vote of confidence (or if president failed to appoint government in time) then President of Sejm nominate prime minister and government which has to also pass vote of confidence. If vote of confidence passed then president of

8268-435: The government requires the support of both houses of Parliament . Within ten days of the government's formation, a confidence motion must be passed. Five governments were forced to resign when a motion of confidence in them failed to pass in one of the houses of Parliament: the eighth De Gasperi cabinet in 1953, the first Fanfani cabinet in 1954, the first Andreotti cabinet in 1972, the fifth Andreotti cabinet in 1979 and

8374-550: The government's majority, such as the 1895 vote of no confidence in the Earl of Rosebery's government , which was technically a motion to reduce the salary of a minister by a nominal sum. In the Australian Parliament , a motion of no confidence requires a majority of the members present in the House of Representatives to agree to it. The House of Representatives has 151 members and so requires 76 votes in favour of

8480-613: The government. Paragraph 15 of the Danish Constitution states that "A Minister shall not remain in office after the Folketing has passed a vote of no confidence in him" and that "When the Folketing passes a vote of no confidence in the Prime Minister, he shall ask for the dismissal of the Ministry unless writs are to be issued for a general election." The vote requires a simple majority . Votes of no confidence against

8586-409: The group donate $ 5 to Misplaced Pages." Instead of being given verbally, a motion may be made in writing, in which case it is called a proposed or draft resolution. If the motion is in writing, the mover says "I move the resolution at the desk" or "I move the following resolution" and then reads it. Generally, once the motion has been proposed, consideration by the assembly occurs only if another member of

8692-425: The legislative body . The Congressionally-appointed Constitutional Court of Peru , during the presidency of Castillo, would rule that only Congress could interpret whether or not a motion of confidence has been made. The Constitution of Poland (1997) provides for government responsible to the Sejm (lower chamber of the Parliament of Poland ). President of the Republic have to no more than 14 days after demise of

8798-772: The legislature. The Constitution of the Czech Republic provides for government responsible to the Chamber of Deputies (lower chamber of the Czech parliament ). Any new government, appointed after demise of previous one, must no more than 30 days after being appointed by president of the republic , request motion of confidence vote from Chamber of Deputies . Motion of confidence is passed if more deputies votes for government that against her. Otherwise government have to resign and president can appoint new government. If also this government fails to gain confidence of then President of

8904-409: The main motion is pending, and in many cases these motions, if passed, will affect the assembly's consideration of the main motion. When greater formality is desired, the main motion may be made in the form of a resolution , which is always submitted in writing. A preamble containing several paragraphs explaining background information or justification for the proposed action is often included, but

9010-430: The meeting. A presiding officer has a duty to protect the assembly from the abuse of parliamentary processes for dilatory purposes. The chair can rule the motions out of order or refuse to recognize the member, but the maker of the motion should be given the benefit of the doubt. In legislative bodies, dilatory motions can take the form of demanding quorum calls and votes at every opportunity. Another dilatory tactic

9116-424: The motion of no confidence against Khan by a majority vote of 172, being the first successful ousting through no–confidence motion. In Peru, both the legislative and the executive branches have the power to bring a motion of no confidence against acting legal members of the other branch. The president of the Cabinet may propose a motion of no confidence against any minister to Congress, which then needs more than half

9222-484: The motion when all members of the House are present. A straight vote of no confidence in the Australian government and a motion or amendment censuring a government have never been successful in the House of Representatives. However, governments have on eight occasions resigned or advised a dissolution after their defeat on other questions before the House. The last time that a government resigned after being defeated in

9328-468: The motions to Reconsider, Rescind, or Amend Something Previously Adopted. In the British House of Commons , a motion or an amendment which is the same, in substance, as a question which has been decided during a session may not be renewed again in that same session. Such substantive motions can be renewed in succeeding sessions as new motions. Reversals of earlier decisions can be done by Repeal of

9434-521: The no-confidence motion by a margin of one vote (269–270) in April 1999. Prime Minister Desai resigned on 12 July 1979 after being defeated in a vote of no-confidence, V. P. Singh and H. D. Deve Gowda were also removed in no-confidence motion. The two most recent no-confidence motion were against the Narendra Modi government, in 2018 and in 2023, both of which were failed in the Lok Sabha. Even after

9540-413: The non-renewal of a motion dates back to at least April 2, 1607, when the House of Commons adopted a rule "That a question being once made, and carried in the affirmative or negative, cannot be questioned again, but must stand as a judgement of the House". Over the past 400 years, various rules have evolved by precedent to allow and manage renewal of motions under specific circumstances. Renewal of motions

9646-439: The original question before the House either for the time being or permanently," and includes, for instance, motions to proceed to the orders of the day; postpone definitely; adjourn; and so on. Jeremy Bentham held that such types of dilatory motions are useful, stating, "Precipitation may arise from two causes: from ignorance, when a judgment is formed without the collection of all the information required—from passion, when there

9752-486: The personal choice of Queen Victoria . Rosebery was told by the Queen's emissary (her physician, Sir James Reid) that he was "the only man of your party she likes and trusts". His choice over several other men with larger followings in the party, particularly Sir William Harcourt and John Morley led to inevitable tension, and Harcourt in particular did nothing to help the Government out of its difficulties. The Government

9858-418: The privileged and subsidiary motions, incidental motions have no order of precedence among themselves. They take precedence over any pending question out of which they arise. Some incidental motions are only legitimately incidental at certain times or under certain conditions. For instance, the objection to the consideration of a question can only be raised before there has been any debate. Motions that bring

9964-507: The registration. Also, the prime minister is barred from dissolving the Cortes Generales and calling a general election while a motion of no confidence is pending. If the motion is successful, the incumbent prime minister must resign. According to the Constitution, the replacement candidate named in the motion is automatically deemed to have the confidence of the Congress of Deputies and is immediately appointed as prime minister by

10070-420: The republic has to formally appoint this government. Otherwise president again may nominate members of the government as in first instance. If even this time government fails to pass vote of confidence, then President of the Republic has to call new parliamentary election. Prime minister can ask Sejm for vote of confidence. Government as whole but also individual ministers (for their ministry) are responsible to

10176-613: The republic have to appoint prime minister proposed by President of the Chamber of Deputies. If also this time government fails to gain confidence of the Chamber then president of the republic may choose if he again appoints prime minister of his choice (government still need to pass motion of confidence), or if he orders dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies and sets new elections. Government can at any time ask Chamber of Deputies for vote of confidence. Government can also connect voting on government-sponsored bill with request for vote of confidence. If bill fails to pass in Chamber of Deputies it

10282-430: The resignation of the entire Commission. In Germany , a vote of no confidence in the federal chancellor requires the opposition, on the same ballot, to propose a candidate of its own whom it wants the federal president to appoint as its successor. Thus, a motion of no confidence may be brought forward only if there is a positive majority for the new candidate. The idea was to prevent the state crises that occurred near

10388-458: The result of a loss of supply ; votes of no confidence in 2005 and 2011 were the result of explicit confidence motions presented by the opposition. In 1968, the standing orders respecting supply were amended to limit opposition to two confidence motions on a given opposition day in each of the three supply periods. This provision was repealed in June 1985. In 1984, a proposal was made to consider

10494-569: The subsidiary motions may also be applied to certain other subsidiary motions, incidental motions and privileged motions. Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised recognizes seven subsidiary motions. Ranked lowest to highest in order of precedence, they are the motions to: The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure differs as follows: A privileged motion is a motion that is granted precedence over ordinary business because it concerns matters of great importance or urgency. Such motions are not debatable, although in case of questions of privilege,

10600-417: The table , Rescind or amend something previously adopted , Discharge a committee , and Reconsider . Except for the motion to Reconsider, these motions are main motions and can only be made when no business is pending. The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure classifies five "bring back" motions under the classification of main motions but lists them under the title of "Restorative Main Motions": Amend

10706-637: The title "Restorative Main Motions". Mason's Manual of Legislative Procedure has a similar classification of motions. The United States Senate and House of Representatives have their own specialized motions as provided in the Standing Rules of the United States Senate and the procedures of the United States House of Representatives , respectively. Parliaments also have their own specialized motions. In

10812-485: The two-thirds vote requirement to suspend the rules by raising a point of order in favor of their favored interpretation of the rules, followed by an appeal in which the interpretation is then imposed by a majority vote. Dilatory tactics or motions are those tactics used to delay or obstruct business, annoy the deliberative assembly, or, in legislative procedure, to delay consideration of a subject. Unlike using motions for strategic purposes, using them for dilatory purposes

10918-447: The vote on the bill is treated as a question of confidence in the government; a defeat of the bill expresses no confidence in the government. There are a number of variations in this procedure between parliaments. In some countries, a motion of no confidence can be directed at the government collectively or at any individual member, including the prime minister . Sometimes, motions of confidence or no confidence are proposed even though it

11024-435: The whole cabinet, as government crises often ended with prime ministers resigning after becoming aware the majority of parliament did not support them anymore, before a no confidence motion could be put to vote or even before such a motion was presented. The only time this instrument was used was in October 1995, when the minister of justice Filippo Mancuso was forced to resign after a vote of no confidence against him passed in

11130-574: Was dependent on the Irish Parliamentary Party for its majority in the House of Commons , but could offer them little towards their goals as Gladstone's Second Home Rule Bill had been defeated by the House of Lords in 1893. Cordite was a new form of explosive which had only come into use a few years before 1895, and the Army was in the process of equipping with it. In the Army Estimates for 1895, Secretary of State for War Henry Campbell-Bannerman reported that new barrels for

11236-587: Was sustained by the house. Some legislatures impose quotas on dilatory motions. For instance, the Nova Scotia House of Assembly imposes a maximum of one motion to hoist , one motion to refer to a committee, and one reasoned amendment per reading. The Rules of the U.S. Congress as revised in 1911 declare that no dilatory motion shall be entertained by the Speaker. The term "dilatory motion" does not always refer to an ill-intentioned motion. In Canada, "dilatory" motions refer to those "designed to dispose of

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