109-676: No Name Storm may refer to: 1991 Perfect Storm , a nor'easter that transitioned into a tropical storm and ultimately strengthened into an unnamed hurricane off the Atlantic coast of the United States 1993 Storm of the Century , an extratropical cyclonic storm that formed over the Gulf of Mexico then moved through the eastern United States before moving into eastern Canada Topics referred to by
218-474: A significant wave height (average height of the highest one-third of all waves) of 39 feet (12 m) around 15:00 UTC on October 30. Another buoy, located at 40°30′N 69°30′W / 40.5°N 69.5°W / 40.5; -69.5 , reported maximum sustained winds of 61 mph (98 km/h) with gusts to 72 mph (116 km/h) and a significant wave height of 31 feet (9.4 m) near 00:00 UTC on October 31. Upon peaking in intensity,
327-520: A storm surge of 2.6 to 4.6 ft (0.79 to 1.40 m). Flooding was reported throughout the Outer Banks in relation to the heavy rains and storm surge of the storm. The storm required the shutdown of North Carolina Highway 12 , the only highway connecting the area to the mainland, isolating those who decided to stay behind. Many residents lost power as numerous power lines fell from strong winds. Six brief tornadoes, ranging between F0 and F1 on
436-487: A 73 ft (22 m) rise in wave height in 10 hours while the extratropical storm was still rapidly intensifying. Two buoys near the Massachusetts coast observed record wave heights, and one observed a record wind report. The United States Coast Guard rescued 25 people at sea at the height of the storm, including 13 people from Long Island Sound . A New York Air National Guard Sikorsky HH-60G helicopter of
545-588: A Category 2 hurricane on August 19, first on Block Island and then in Newport . Upon doing so, it became the only hurricane to make landfall in the contiguous United States during the 1991 season. Moving further inland, Bob rapidly weakened, and deteriorated to a tropical storm while emerging into the Gulf of Maine . Shortly thereafter, Bob made landfall in Maine as a strong tropical storm early on August 20. Bob entered
654-633: A brief period of heavy rainfall caused street flooding. High waves caused minimal beach erosion and overwash along the coastline. High tides to 5.9 feet (1.8 m) occurred along the Delaware coastline. Farther north, the storm caused widespread beach erosion along the Jersey Shore , while heavy rains caused street flooding. The heaviest rains outside New England fell in Bridgehampton, New York , where 7.18 inches (182 mm) fell during
763-476: A brief tropical storm warning was declared for coastal Maine between Rockland and Eastport before the remnants of Bob moved through eastern Canada. The advisories for Atlantic Canada were later discontinued after the system moved out of the region. Following the issuance of a hurricane warning in North Carolina on August 17, mandatory evacuation orders were declared for the outermost islands in
872-508: A declaration for portions of the coastline, but the request was denied because of the funding needs of other disasters, such as Hurricane Hugo , Hurricane Bob, and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake . The American Red Cross opened service centers in four locations in Massachusetts to assist the storm victims by providing food, clothing, medicine, and shelter. The agency deployed five vehicles carrying cleanup units and food, and allocated $ 1.4 million to provide assistance to 3,000 families. Along
981-489: A depression, the National Hurricane Center (NHC) upgraded it to a tropical storm, giving it the name Bob . At this time, Bob was situated roughly 140 mi (230 km) northeast of Nassau, Bahamas . The storm tracked slowly towards the northwest in response to the deep layer mean flow it was embedded within. A deepening trough over the eastern United States was forecast to turn the storm toward
1090-464: A falling tree limb. The highest storm surge was 5 ft (1.5 m) in New London . Coastal flooding was limited to New London County, although coastal damage was minimal. One woman died while on a capsized sailboat. In Norwich , a rainfall total of 6.22 in (158 mm) was reported, which was the statewide peak. Flooding was minor, limited to streams and small rivers. Total damage in
1199-516: A gust of 93 mph (150 km/h). A total of 169,200 customers lost power during the hurricane, some of whom remaining without electricity for a week. There was a tornado reported in St. Albans , which downed multiple trees, damaged a few houses, and moved a boathouse three blocks away; its status as a tornado was not confirmed. As it passed the region, the storm produced a 2.77 ft (0.84 m) storm tide. The heaviest rainfall nationwide from
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#17327756636641308-596: A hurricane on August 17. As such, it brushed the Outer Banks of North Carolina on August 18 and August 19, and subsequently intensified into a major hurricane (Category 3 or greater on the Saffir–Simpson scale ). After peaking in intensity with maximum sustained winds of 115 mph (185 km/h), Bob weakened slightly as it approached the coast of New England. Bob made landfall twice in Rhode Island as
1417-498: A loop off the Mid-Atlantic states and turned toward the northeast. On November 1, the system evolved into a full-fledged hurricane, with peak sustained winds of 75 miles per hour (120 km/h), although the National Hurricane Center left it unnamed to avoid confusion amid media interest in the precursor extratropical storm. The system was the twelfth and final tropical cyclone, the eighth tropical storm, and fourth hurricane in
1526-499: A man off a bridge, killing him. High waves flooded the beach at Coney Island . In Sea Bright, New Jersey , waves washed over a seawall, forcing 200 people to evacuate. Further inland, the Hudson , Passaic , and Hackensack rivers experienced tidal flooding. Outside Massachusetts, damage was heaviest in southern New Jersey, where the cost was estimated at $ 75 million (1991 USD). Across the area, tide heights reached their highest since
1635-480: A period of nearly five days. Most power outages occurred in the East End . One person died in a car accident while a traffic light was offline, and another person died when a falling tree struck a train conductor. The high waves destroyed fish nets offshore and caused beach erosion and the widespread destruction of boats along the coast. Statewide damage totaled over $ 75 million. Before Bob made landfall in
1744-531: A portion of State Road A1A . Damage in the state was estimated at $ 3 million (1991 USD). High waves also affected Bermuda, the Bahamas, and the Dominican Republic. In Puerto Rico, waves of 15 ft (4.6 m) affected the island's north coast, which prompted 32 people to seek shelter. The waves swept a person off a large rock to his death. Hurricane Bob Hurricane Bob was one of
1853-476: A post-storm assessment found an insufficient number of observation sites along the coast. On October 27, the Ocean Prediction Center noted that a "dangerous storm" would form within 36 hours, with its wording emphasizing the unusual nature of the storm. The National Weather Service likewise issued warnings for the potential storm, providing information to emergency service offices as well as
1962-499: A record flow rate along the Presumpscot River , although that record was also surpassed by the 1996 system. River flooding washed out five bridges and roads across southwestern Maine. One man died due to being swept away by floodwaters, and another died in the ocean while on a life raft. A total of 700 houses were affected by the storm, including one that was destroyed and three that sustained major damage. Damage in
2071-472: A record height of 7.8 ft (2.4 m), while elsewhere the tides were similar to the Ash Wednesday Storm of 1962 . In North Carolina along the Outer Banks , high waves were initially caused by Hurricane Grace and later its interaction with a high pressure system. This produced gale-force winds and 12 ft (3.7 m) waves in the town of Duck . Later, the extratropical predecessor to
2180-520: A small unnamed hurricane later in its life. Damage from the storm totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD) and thirteen people were killed in total, six of which were an outcome of the sinking of Andrea Gail , which inspired the book and later movie , The Perfect Storm . The nor'easter received the name, playing off the common expression , after a conversation between Boston National Weather Service forecaster Robert Case and author Sebastian Junger . The initial area of low pressure developed off
2289-425: A strong high pressure center over eastern Canada. The blocking ridge forced the extratropical low to track toward the southeast and later to the west. Hurricane Grace was swept aloft by its cold front into the warm conveyor belt circulation of the deep cyclone on October 29, with the storm completely absorbing Grace by the next day. The cyclone significantly strengthened as a result of the temperature contrast between
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#17327756636642398-410: A three-day period, the storm lashed the northeastern United States with high waves, causing damage to beachfront properties from North Carolina to Maine. The coastal flooding damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes and businesses and closed roads and airports. In addition, high winds left about 38,000 people without power. The total without power was much less than for Hurricane Bob two months prior, and
2507-567: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages 1991 Perfect Storm The 1991 Perfect Storm , also known as The No-Name Storm (especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the Halloween Gale/Storm , was a damaging and deadly nor'easter in October 1991. Initially an extratropical cyclone , the storm absorbed Hurricane Grace to its south and evolved into
2616-513: Is the most recent hurricane to hit the New England states directly as a hurricane. Hurricane Bob originated from the remnants of a frontal trough to the southeast of Bermuda on August 12. The system tracked towards the southwest and later west towards the Bahamas . By August 15th, satellite analysis of the system found a weak low-pressure area a couple hundred miles east of
2725-462: The 1991 Atlantic hurricane season . The tropical system weakened, striking Nova Scotia as a tropical storm before dissipating. Most of the damage occurred while the storm was extratropical, after waves up to 30 feet (10 m) struck the coastline from Nova Scotia to Florida and southeastward to Puerto Rico. In portions of New England, the damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months earlier. Aside from tidal flooding along rivers,
2834-535: The Bay of Fundy . Following the storm's passage, the Long Island Lighting Company used 165 workers to restore the power outages on Long Island. In Connecticut, state officials deployed about 200 trucks to remove debris on roads. The Massachusetts National Guard was activated to assist in relief efforts. In Rhode Island, a man was killed while repairing damage caused by Bob. Beaches in
2943-696: The Fujita scale , struck the state within squall lines in the outer rainbands of Hurricane Bob. Four tornadoes in Dare County, North Carolina , caused $ 256,000 in damage. Near Cape Hatteras, wind severely damaged one structure, which lost its roof and some siding. As the hurricane passed east of Virginia, it produced minimal rainfall and wind gusts of up to 40 mph (64 km/h). No one reported damage beyond some minor beach erosion in Sandbridge, Virginia Beach, Virginia . In Ocean City, Maryland ,
3052-443: The Gulf of Maine . Around 0130 UTC on August 20, the now weakened Tropical Storm Bob made another landfall near Rockland, Maine . Later that day, Bob had crossed through Maine and part of New Brunswick , Canada and entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence . Around 1800 UTC, the former hurricane transitioned into an extratropical cyclone . Early the next day, the storm passed over northern Newfoundland before re-entering
3161-516: The Outer Banks of North Carolina , bringing strong winds and heavy rains. Although a maximum of 5.30 inches (135 mm) of rain fell at the National Weather Service office building at Cape Hatteras , little heavy rain fell inland of the Outer Banks. One person was killed in the state in relation to Bob, and damage from the storm was estimated at $ 8 million (1991 USD). The community of Duck, North Carolina , received
3270-793: The 106th Air Rescue Wing ditched during the storm, 90 miles (140 km) south of Montauk, New York , after it was unable to refuel in flight and ran out of fuel. After the helicopter had attempted a rescue in the midst of the storm, an 84-person crew on the Coast Guard Cutter Tamaroa arrived and rescued four members of the crew of five after six hours in hypothermic waters. The survivors were pilots, Major Christopher David Ruvola and Captain Graham Buschor, flight engineer Staff Sergeant James R. Mioli, and pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant John Spillane. The fifth member, pararescue jumper Technical Sergeant Arden Richard Smith,
3379-595: The 1944 hurricane, leaving severe coastal and back bay flooding and closing many roads. The storm caused significant beach erosion , with 500,000 cubic yards (382,000 cubic meters) lost in Avalon , as well as $ 10 million damage to the beach in Cape May . The presence of a dune system mitigated the erosion in some areas. There was damage to the Atlantic City Boardwalk. Fire Island National Seashore
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3488-469: The Atlantic Ocean. Rapidly tracking eastward, the storm briefly weakened to the equivalent of a tropical depression on August 22. After restrengthening to tropical storm-force winds, the remnants of Bob turned towards the southeast and slowed. Once more, the extratropical system weakened to the equivalent of a tropical depression; however, it did not re-intensify. The storm slowly tracked towards
3597-498: The Bahamas. Operationally, the system was not declared a tropical depression until 0600 UTC on August 16 after a reconnaissance mission into the storm found a closed circulation and flight level winds of 37 mph (60 km/h). After post-storm analysis, it was determined that the low had developed into a depression around 0000 UTC. Several hours after being designated, the system began to develop convective banding features . Roughly 18 hours after being declared
3706-576: The Canadian province of New Brunswick a few hours later, where it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone . By August 21, the remnants of Bob crossed Newfoundland and re-emerged into the open Atlantic Ocean. The remnants traveled a long distance across the northern Atlantic Ocean, and finally dissipated west of Portugal on August 29. Bob left extensive damage throughout New England in its wake, totaling approximately $ 1.5 billion (1991 USD , $ 3.36 billion 2024 USD). This made it one of
3815-551: The Massachusetts coastline, the storm produced 25 ft (7.6 m) wave heights on top of a 4 ft (1.2 m) high tide. In Boston , the highest tide was 14.3 ft (4.4 m), which was only 1 ft (30 cm) lower than the record from the blizzard of 1978. High waves on top of the storm tide reached about 30 ft (9.1 m). The storm produced heavy rainfall in southeastern Massachusetts, peaking at 5.5 inches (140 mm). Coastal floods closed several roads, forcing hundreds of people to evacuate. In addition to
3924-621: The NHC upgraded the storm to a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale . Shortly after, the hurricane began to turn towards the north-northeast in response to a subtropical ridge over the Atlantic and the trough over the southeastern United States. By August 18, the NHC noted that the hurricane was asymmetrical, having uneven distribution of the wind radii. Later that day, deep convection continued to form and an eye later appeared on satellite imagery. Early
4033-531: The National Weather Service offices in Hatteras and Raleigh first issued a heavy surf advisory on October 27, more than eight hours before the first reports of high waves. That same day, a coastal flood watch and later a warning was issued, along with a gale warning. The Hatteras NWS office ultimately released 19 coastal flood statements, as well as media reports explaining the threat from
4142-475: The New England mainland, it passed directly over Block Island, Rhode Island. Stations on the island recorded gusts to 105 mph (169 km/h) near the upper end of their range, indicating that the winds were likely stronger. On the mainland, winds peaked at 90 mph (140 km/h) in Narragansett . In the state, the storm surge —the rise of water above the normal tide—was 6.6 ft (2.0 m) in
4251-452: The area around Portland totaled over $ 25.7 million, and there were three deaths. After causing severe damage in the United States, the remnants of Hurricane Bob moved into Atlantic Canada . The highest rainfall amount in the country was 4.37 in (111 mm) in northern New Brunswick. St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador recorded a record 1 inch (25 mm) of rainfall during the storm's passage. Gusty winds were observed across
4360-498: The area. A two-story home in Pointe-Verte collapsed due to high winds. In Petit-Rocher , five fishing boats sank after being overwhelmed by large swells at port. Firefighters in the area were surveying the town all night on August 20, checking for downed power lines and trees. Power outages were also reported on Prince Edward Island. The storm left about $ 1 million in damage (1991 CAD ) on Grand Manan Island in
4469-468: The beach around Chatham Light , leaving behind a 5 ft (1.5 m) cliff. Other locations, including southward-facing shores along Martha's Vineyard and Nantucket , lost 50 ft (15 m) of beach from erosion. Boat damage was significant in the region. The hurricane left over 500,000 people without power, including all of Cape Cod. Damage was heaviest from Buzzards Bay eastward to Cape Cod, and at least 61 houses were destroyed. Damage
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4578-556: The beach. The resultant flooding damaged 525 houses and 28 businesses and destroyed two motels and a few homes. Damage was estimated at $ 6.7 million (1991 USD). Farther south, the storm left 14 people injured in Florida. There was minor beach erosion and flooding, which damaged two houses and destroyed the pier at Lake Worth . In some locations, beaches gained additional sand from the wave action. Two people went missing off Daytona Beach after their boat lost power. High waves destroyed
4687-520: The capital city of Providence , while the peak storm tide—the rise of water including the normal high tide—was 16.5 ft (5.0 m) at the mouth of the Sakonnet River . At the latter location, the estimate was based on high-water marks, which included wave effects. The high waves resulted in extensive beach erosion along the state's coastline. Roads were washed out in Coventry , and there
4796-416: The center of the larger low. (Although these conditions are rare, Hurricane Karl during 1980 formed within a larger non-tropical weather system.) By around 14:00 UTC on November 1, an eye feature was forming, and the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph (121 km/h); these estimates, combined with reports from an Air Force Reserve Unit flight into
4905-574: The coast high waves inundated roads and buildings. Off the shore of New York's Long Island , an Air National Guard helicopter ran out of fuel and crashed; four members of its crew were rescued and one died. Two people died after their boat sank off Staten Island . High waves swept two people to their deaths, one in Rhode Island and one in Puerto Rico, and another person was blown off a bridge to his death. The tropical cyclone that formed late in
5014-419: The coast of Atlantic Canada on October 28. Forced southward by a ridge to its north, it reached its peak intensity as a large and powerful cyclone . The storm lashed the east coast of the United States with high waves and coastal flooding before turning to the southwest and weakening. Moving over warmer waters, the system transitioned into a subtropical cyclone before becoming a tropical storm. It executed
5123-805: The coast, the waves wrecked three small boats near Tiverton, Nova Scotia , as well as nine boats in Torbay, Newfoundland and Labrador . In Nova Scotia, where the storm made landfall, precipitation reached 1.18 in (30 mm), and 20,000 people in Pictou County were left without power. The storm also caused widespread power outages in Newfoundland from its high winds, which reached 68 mph (110 km/h) near St. Lawrence . There were at least 35 traffic accidents, one fatal, in Grand Falls-Windsor due to slick roads. On October 28, prior to
5232-606: The coastline. There were 49 shelters opened in neighboring Maine, and about 8,600 people evacuated along the coastline in York County . In the Bay of Fundy , fishermen were urged to return to port in fears of large swells from Hurricane Bob. Throughout the east coast of the United States , Hurricane Bob produced moderate rainfall and substantial damage. Damage totaled about $ 1.5 billion (1991 USD). That included about $ 700 million through cleanup costs, uninsured losses, and food claims. That made it, at
5341-457: The cold air to the northwest, and the warmth and moisture from the remnants of Grace. The low-pressure system continued deepening as it drifted toward the United States. It had an unusual retrograde motion for a nor'easter , beginning a set of meteorological circumstances that occur only once every 50 to 100 years. Most nor'easters affect New England from the southwest. While situated about 390 miles (630 km) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia ,
5450-464: The costliest United States hurricanes at the time; as of 2013, it ranked thirty-second in the category. But some sources say that Bob might have caused as much as $ 3 billion (1991 USD$ , 6.71 billion 2024 USD) in damage. In addition, eighteen fatalities were reported in association with Bob. The loss of life and most of the damage occurred as a result of high winds and rough seas. There were six confirmed tornadoes during its passage. Bob
5559-463: The costliest hurricanes in New England history. The second named storm and first hurricane of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season , Bob developed from an area of low pressure near The Bahamas on August 16. The depression steadily intensified, and became Tropical Storm Bob late on August 16. Bob curved north-northwestward as a tropical storm, but re-curved to the north-northeast after becoming
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#17327756636645668-434: The costliest nor the strongest to affect the northeastern United States. It was weakening as it made its closest approach to land, and the highest tides occurred during the neap tide , which is the time when tide ranges are minimal. The worst of the storm effects stayed offshore. A buoy 650 miles (1,050 km) northeast of Nantucket , which was 60 miles (97 km) west of Andrea Gail 's last known position, recorded
5777-451: The damage total was from property damage, with the remainder to transportation, seawalls, and public facilities. Although there were no deaths, there were two injuries in the state. In neighboring New Hampshire, coastal flooding affected several towns, destroying two homes. The storm destroyed three boats and damaged a lighthouse. High waves destroyed or swept away over 50,000 lobster traps, representing $ 2 million in losses (1991 USD). Damage
5886-483: The east before dissipating off the coast of Portugal on August 29. Several hours after the declaration of Tropical Storm Bob on August 16, the Government of the Bahamas issued a tropical storm warning for the northwestern Bahamas, between the islands of Andros and Eleuthera . After the storm turned northward, this warning was discontinued as tropical storm-force winds were no longer expected to affect
5995-493: The end of the summer, which significantly impacted the tourism season already in the midst of a recession . The New England coast was affected by a powerful nor'easter known as the Perfect Storm about two months after the hurricane struck the region. Some locations experienced worse damage from the October storm than from Bob. To facilitate the federal government's response effort, President George H. W. Bush declared
6104-492: The federal government did not immediately provide aid to the affected region. This was partially due to President Bush considering the storm a "disaster but not an emergency", which therefore required cuts from other budgets to offset the relief aid. This was in opposition to the Democratic-controlled Congress , who requested an expedited process. Due to the hurricane's effects in the United States,
6213-459: The following states as disaster (in order): Rhode Island, Massachusetts, Maine, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and New York. Damage in Maine was insufficient to qualify for individual family assistance. Instead, the declaration allocated federal funding to reimburse cities for debris removal, repairing damaged public buildings, and other municipal expenses for each of the states. Despite the declaration,
6322-503: The formation of such a storm. Other National Weather Service offices were tasked with issuing warnings for this storm in lieu of the typical NHC advisories. The OPC posted warnings on the unnamed hurricane in its High Seas Forecasts . The National Weather Service State Forecast Office in Boston issued Offshore Marine Forecasts for the storm. Local NWS offices along the East coast covered
6431-465: The high tides, the storm produced strong winds; Chatham recorded a gust of 78 mph (126 km/h). Damage was worst from Cape Ann in northeastern Massachusetts to Nantucket, with over 100 homes destroyed or severely damaged at Marshfield , Minot Beach in Scituate , and Brant Point . There were two injuries in the state, although there were no fatalities. Across Massachusetts, damage totaled in
6540-414: The highest recorded onshore sustained winds in the state, 62 mph (100 km/h), whereas the highest gusts reached 74 mph (119 km/h) at Cape Hatteras. Diamond Shoal Light recorded a sustained wind of 98 mph (158 km/h) with a gust of 123 mph (198 km/h) and a minimum pressure of 962.1 mb (962.1 hPa) on the evening of August 18 and 19. Cape Hatteras also recorded
6649-426: The hundreds of millions of dollars. Elsewhere in New England, waves up to 30 ft (9.1 m) reached as far north as Maine, along with tides that were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal. Significant flooding was reported in that state, along with high winds that left areas without power. A total of 49 houses were severely damaged, 2 were destroyed, and overall more than 100 were affected. In Kennebunkport ,
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#17327756636646758-558: The hurricane fell at the Portland International Jetport , where 8.24 in (209 mm) fell during its passage. This contributed to August 1991 being the wettest month on record in Portland. At the time, its 24‑hour rainfall total of 7.83 in (199 mm) was the highest on record, although it was surpassed in October 1996 by an extratropical system fueled by Hurricane Lili . The rains from Bob led to
6867-563: The hurricane itself was not expected to pose a major threat to land. It was the eighth nameable storm of the 1991 Atlantic hurricane season . Had the system been named instead, it would have received the name Henri , which was the next name on the 1991 list after Grace. The Halloween Storm of 1991 left significant damage along the east coast of the United States, primarily in Massachusetts and southern New Jersey . Across seven states, damage totaled over $ 200 million (1991 USD). Over
6976-399: The hurricane warning was extended northward to encompass areas south of Eastport, Maine . The Canadian Hurricane Centre began issuing warnings for Atlantic Canada later that day. Nova Scotia , Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick were placed under wind and heavy rain warnings. By the morning of August 20, all watches and warnings in the United States were discontinued; however,
7085-509: The hurricane, the National Hurricane Center only referred to the system as "Unnamed Hurricane". The Natural Disaster Survey Report called the storm "The Halloween Nor'easter of 1991". The " perfect storm " moniker was coined by author and journalist Sebastian Junger after a conversation with NWS Boston Deputy Meteorologist Robert Case in which Case described the convergence of weather conditions as being "perfect" for
7194-452: The islands. Shortly before Bob was upgraded to a hurricane on August 17, the NHC issued a hurricane watch for coastal areas of North Carolina between Little River Inlet northward to Virginia Beach, Virginia . Roughly four hours after this watch, it was upgraded to a hurricane warning . A new hurricane watch was issued late on August 17, encompassing areas between Virginia Beach northward to Cape Henlopen , Delaware . This watch
7303-595: The lowest pressure recorded during the storm. After attaining this intensity, the hurricane tracked quickly northeast at 25 mph (40 km/h), steered by the trough over the southeastern United States, an upper-level cutoff low over the Great Lakes Region and the subtropical ridge over the Atlantic. The track of Bob by late August 18 and early August 19 was similar to that of Hurricane Carol in 1954 , another major hurricane that impacted New England. Significantly cooler sea surface temperatures in
7412-579: The media. The public however was skeptical and did not recognize the threat. The timely warnings ultimately lowered the death toll; whereas the Perfect Storm caused 13 deaths, the blizzard of 1978 killed 99 people, and the 1938 New England hurricane killed 564 people. From Massachusetts to Maine, thousands of people evacuated their homes and sought shelter. A state of emergency was declared for nine counties in Massachusetts, including Suffolk County , as well as two in Maine. In North Carolina,
7521-477: The next day, the eye became increasingly defined as the center of Bob passed roughly 35 mi (56 km) from the North Carolina coastline. By 0600 UTC, hurricane hunters recorded flight level winds of 140 mph (230 km/h), corresponding to surface winds of 115 mph (185 km/h). At this time, the barometric pressure of the storm also decreased to 950 mbar (hPa; 28.05 inHg),
7630-492: The nor'easter turned southward and gradually weakened; by November 1, its pressure had risen to 998 millibars (29.5 inHg). The low moved over warm waters of the Gulf Stream , where bands of convection around the center began to organize. Around this time, the system attained subtropical characteristics . On November 1, while the storm was moving in a counter-clockwise loop, a tropical cyclone had been identified at
7739-498: The nor'easter's development into a subtropical storm, a record 4.4 in (116 mm) of snowfall was recorded across Newfoundland. The storm caused no significant damage in Canada, other than these traffic accidents. In New York and northern New Jersey, the storm system left the most coastal damage since the 1944 Great Atlantic hurricane . Numerous boats were damaged or destroyed, killing two people off Staten Island . High winds swept
7848-453: The north on August 16. This turn took place earlier than forecasters anticipated. The storm slowly intensified as convection was displaced from the center of circulation ; however, upper-level outflow was well-defined and intensification of the storm was expected as it tracked over the Gulf Stream . Later that day, Bob began to consolidate and a reconnaissance plane recorded hurricane-force winds at 1719 UTC, following this reading,
7957-409: The passage of the storm. Two reported tornadoes struck Long Island . High winds destroyed cornfields and apple and peach orchards along Long Island . After a dry summer, the sudden deluge wrecked potato crops, resulting in $ 20 million in crop damage; about one-sixth of the agricultural output of the region. High winds caused power outages for 477,765 Long Island Lighting Company customers for
8066-454: The path of the hurricane resulted in weakening, leading to the eye becoming cloud-filled. Later on August 19, the western portion of the eyewall brushed the eastern tip of Long Island . Around 1800 UTC, the center of Bob made landfall near Newport, Rhode Island , with winds of 100 mph (160 km/h), making it a Category 2 hurricane. The storm quickly weakened as it tracked through Rhode Island and Massachusetts before entering
8175-597: The region, and winds reached 68 mph (109 km/h) in Digby, Nova Scotia . In Nova Scotia , two 17-year-old girls were washed out to sea near Cape Forchu after being caught in rough swells produced by the storm. Rescue officials quickly began searching operations; however, it was later confirmed that the two had drowned. In Fredericton , New Brunswick , tropical storm-force winds downed trees and power lines, resulting in scattered power outages. Lightning associated with strong storms also reportedly struck some trees in
8284-423: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title No Name Storm . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=No_Name_Storm&oldid=1126723439 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
8393-850: The shelves. Many residents purchased these as well as battery-powered radios and flashlights. President George H. W. Bush , staying at his home in Kennebunkport, Maine , evacuated to Pease Air Force Base in New Hampshire . To avoid possible risks by using helicopter, he drove by motorcade to the base. During this time, portions of Interstate 95 were closed to allow him direct access to the Air Force base; however, this created many miles of backup as thousands of residents moved inland. Eight shelters were opened in New Hampshire, and about 5,200 people – mostly tourists – evacuated
8502-769: The state also shut down campgrounds across the Outer Banks . An evacuation shelter was also opened in Carteret County . In Virginia , 125 planes were relocated from Langley Air Force Base to Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio . Roughly 400 people evacuated from coastal areas in Maryland , and stores in Ocean City reported a substantial increase in sales related to storm preparation. Further north in New Jersey , casinos prepared sandbags to protect
8611-750: The state peaked at 100 mph (160 km/h) in Provincetown , and there was an unofficial report of a gust of 125 mph (201 km/h) in Brewster . Cape Cod, which was mostly east of the eye, received very little precipitation, but some of the strongest winds. The highest rainfall total in the state was 7.06 in (179 mm) in Westfield . Storm surges in the state were most significant along Buzzards Bay, peaking at 5.8 ft (1.8 m) in New Bedford and Woods Hole . High waves eroded
8720-737: The state re-opened by five days after the storm. The hurricane mixed the waters in Long Island Sound and prevented the algae bloom that happened in previous summers. In the days after Bob, the Commonwealth Electric Company brought electricians from outside the company and put their own workers on 16‑hour shifts to restore power across Massachusetts. Most Massachusetts residents, excluding those living on Cape Cod and Martha's Vineyard, had their power restored within five days. Parts of Cape Cod had no power or running water for over two weeks. The hurricane struck toward
8829-590: The state was estimated around $ 49 million, including $ 4.5 million in crop damage. There was one death due to a fire that occurred during the storm's passage, and there were five other deaths across the state. The most significant area affected by Bob was Massachusetts, where over $ 1 billion in damage occurred. A C-MAN station in Buzzards Bay recorded winds every hour and observed peak sustained winds of 77 mph (124 km/h), along with gusts to 89 mph (143 km/h). Sustained winds in
8938-633: The state. However, the storm produced large swells that caught a swimmer in Myrtle Beach in strong undertow ; this swimmer drowned. A crew of three sailed from the Little River en route to Rhode Island. The hurricane destroyed the mast, leaving the crew stranded over the open ocean in shark-infested waters. After 12 days, the United States Coast Guard rescued the three. On August 18, 1991, Hurricane Bob brushed
9047-494: The state. Local police assisted significant traffic as an estimated 50,000 to 100,000 people left the region. At the height of the evacuations, delays in some places exceeded three hours. Despite the large number of evacuees, an additional 50,000 people were estimated to have stayed home and wait out the storm. Several bridges in the area were shut down prior to Bob's arrival as hurricane-force winds were likely to create life-threatening conditions on them. The National Park Service in
9156-402: The storm and confirmation that a warm-core center was present, indicated that the system had become a Category 1 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale . The hurricane accelerated toward the northeast and quickly weakened back into a tropical storm. It made landfall near Halifax, Nova Scotia, at 14:00 UTC on November 2, with sustained winds of 45 mph (72 km/h). While the storm
9265-432: The storm attained its peak intensity with winds of up to 70 mph (110 km/h). The nor'easter reached peak intensity at approximately 12:00 UTC on October 30 with its lowest pressure of 972 millibars . The interaction between the extratropical storm and the high pressure system to its north created a significant pressure gradient, which created large waves and strong winds. Between the southern New England coast and
9374-479: The storm blew out windows and flooded the vacation home of then-President George H. W. Bush . The home sustained significant damage to its first floor. In Portland , tides were 3 ft (0.91 m) above normal, among the ten highest tides since record-keeping began in 1914. Along the coast, damage was worse than that caused by Hurricane Bob two months prior. Across Maine, the storm left $ 7.9 million (1991 USD) in damage, mostly in York County . More than half of
9483-415: The storm in their Coastal Waters Forecasts . Beginning in 1950, the National Hurricane Center named officially recognized tropical storms and hurricanes. The unnamed hurricane was reported to have met all the criteria for a tropical cyclone, but it was purposefully left unnamed. This was done to avoid confusion among the media and the public, who were focusing on the damage from the initial nor'easter, as
9592-558: The storm under water. Airplane and train service was disrupted throughout the Mid-Atlantic states and New England in relation to Bob. The American Red Cross opened 23 shelters in 16 communities in Connecticut. In neighboring Rhode Island, the agency set up 40 shelters, and there were an additional 25 shelters unaffiliated with the agency. About 3,500 people statewide evacuated, including 2,000 on Block Island. Several people injured themselves while preparing for
9701-636: The storm's center, the pressure differential was 70 mbar (2.1 inHg). A buoy located 264 miles (425 km) south of Halifax reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m) on October 30. This became the highest recorded wave height on the Scotian Shelf , which is the oceanic shelf off the coast of Nova Scotia. East of Cape Cod, a NOAA buoy located at 41°06′N 66°36′W / 41.1°N 66.6°W / 41.1; -66.6 reported maximum sustained winds of 56 mph (90 km/h) with gusts to 75 mph (121 km/h), and
9810-527: The storm's duration caused little impact, limited to power outages and slick roads; one person was killed in Newfoundland from a traffic accident related to the storm. The Perfect Storm originated from a cold front that exited the east coast of the United States. On October 28, the front spawned an extratropical low to the east of Nova Scotia. Around that time, a ridge extended from the Appalachian Mountains northeastward to Greenland , with
9919-499: The storm's effects were primarily concentrated along the coast. A buoy off the coast of Nova Scotia reported a wave height of 100.7 feet (30.7 m), the highest ever recorded in the province's offshore waters. In Massachusetts, where damage was heaviest, over 100 homes were destroyed or severely damaged. To the north, more than 100 homes were affected in Maine, including the vacation home of then- President George H. W. Bush . More than 38,000 people were left without power, and along
10028-470: The storm's passage. Both the Lovell and Contoocook rivers experienced flooding due to the storm, and widespread flooding occurred in urban areas in the south and central portions of the state. There were two deaths in the state, one from an automobile accident and the other due to a capsized boat. High winds downed widespread trees and power lines, causing 30,000 people to lose power statewide. Damage
10137-545: The storm. In Massachusetts , thousands of residents evacuated Cape Cod , leading to an 11 mi (18 km) backup on the Sagamore Bridge . There were nine shelters set up in the region, which became overcrowded with evacuees. There were about 50,000 people who left their homes statewide, of which 6,500 went to shelters. On Martha's Vineyard , electronics stores reported their best business sales in years, with supplies of D-batteries being cleaned off
10246-575: The storm. Prior to Bob's arrival in New England , officials in Connecticut and Rhode Island declared a state of emergency in anticipation of significant damage. All state workers in the area were told to go home early and prepare for the storm. The Connecticut Legislature canceled a session on the state's budget and Governor Lowell P. Weicker Jr. activated the emergency operations center. Submarines stationed in Groton left port and waited out
10355-490: The strong winds of Bob extended westward into Connecticut, peaking at 75 mph (121 km/h) near Groton ; there, a gust of 100 mph (160 km/h) was reported. High winds downed trees in every county in the state, although wind damage was heaviest in the southeastern portion near the coast. Overall there were about 315,000 people left without power in Connecticut. A man in Sterling died after being struck by
10464-549: The structures and tape to cover windows. In Suffolk County, New York , emergency officials were unsure of whether or not to issue evacuation orders for residents along coastal areas. This contemplation led to "mixed messages" on the ability of the government being sent to the public. By the evening of August 19, the evacuation order was not issued; however, the county was placed under a state of emergency and disaster centers were opened. The American Red Cross opened four shelters on Long Island that housed 800 people during
10573-404: The subsequent weeks. The crew of six was presumed killed after a Coast Guard search was unable to find them. The storm and the boat's sinking became the center-piece for Sebastian Junger 's best-selling non-fiction book The Perfect Storm (1997), which was adapted to a major Hollywood film in 2000 as The Perfect Storm starring George Clooney . Despite the storm's severity, it was neither
10682-512: The time, one of the costliest United States hurricanes, although the total was due to the storm passing through a densely populated region. As of 2010, Hurricane Bob ranked as the 22nd costliest tropical cyclone in the United States mainland. Across its track, the hurricane left 2.1 million people without power. There were six confirmed tornadoes, along with thirteen unconfirmed tornadoes. The center of Hurricane Bob passed several hundred miles east of South Carolina with only slight effects on
10791-460: The unnamed hurricane produced additional high waves, causing oceanfront flooding from Cape Hatteras through the northern portions of Currituck County . Flooding was first reported on October 28, when the ocean covered a portion of North Carolina Highway 12 north of Rodanthe ; the route is the primary thoroughfare in the Outer Banks. Nags Head , Kitty Hawk , and Kill Devil Hills had large portions covered with water for several blocks away from
10900-436: The wind and waves, and a state of emergency was declared for Dare County, North Carolina . The warnings and lead times in the region were described as "very good". In Canada, the threat from the storm prompted the cancellation of ferry service from Bar Harbor, Maine , to Yarmouth, Nova Scotia , as well as from Nova Scotia to Prince Edward Island and between Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. In its tropical cyclone report on
11009-560: Was affected, washing away an entire row of waterfront houses in towns like Fair Harbor . Following the storm, there was a moratorium on clamming in the state's bays, due to contaminated waters. Along the Delmarva Peninsula and Virginia Beach , there was widespread water damage to homes, including ten affected houses in the Sandbridge Beach area of Virginia Beach, Virginia. Tides in Ocean City, Maryland , reached
11118-460: Was also extensive to apple and peach orchards across these areas, and agricultural damage was estimated around $ 10 million. The state also suffered $ 69 million in damage to public property. Although it remained offshore of the state, Bob produced strong winds in New Hampshire, with gusts reaching 60 mph (97 km/h) at Pease Air National Guard Base . Mount Washington experienced 7.46 in (189 mm) of precipitation during
11227-688: Was also upgraded to a warning on August 18 as Bob paralleled the Mid-Atlantic coastline. During the afternoon hours, a tropical storm warning was declared for areas in the lower Chesapeake Bay area, including Norfolk, Virginia . A new, extensive hurricane warning was issued late on August 18 when forecasts showed Bob moving directly over southern New England. The warning covered areas between Cape Henlopen, Delaware to Plymouth, Massachusetts , including Long Island and Long Island Sound . Early on August 19, all watches and warnings south of Cape Lookout, North Carolina were discontinued and
11336-441: Was approaching the coast, weather radars depicted curved rainbands on the western side of the system. After crossing over Prince Edward Island , the storm fully dissipated late on November 2. For several days, weather models forecast the development of a significant storm off New England. However, the models were inadequate in forecasting coastal conditions, which in one instance failed to provide adequate warning. In addition,
11445-575: Was estimated around $ 2 million. In neighboring Vermont, the highest rainfall report was 4.27 in (108 mm) in Vernon . Although moving across Maine as a tropical storm, Bob still maintained strong winds, producing gusts to 70 mph (110 km/h) in Portland . A station in Wiscasset reported a gust of 92 mph (148 km/h) before it was blown away, and another station recorded
11554-425: Was estimated at $ 5.6 million (1991 USD). Further west, high winds and coastal flooding lashed the Rhode Island and Connecticut coasts, killing a man in Narragansett, Rhode Island . Winds reached 63 miles per hour (101 km/h) in Newport, Rhode Island , causing power outages. Off the coast of Atlantic Canada, the storm produced very high waves, flooding a ship near Sable Island and stranding another ship. Along
11663-525: Was fairly low due to little rainfall and the general lack of leaves on trees. Overall there were thirteen confirmed deaths, including six on board Andrea Gail , a swordfishing boat. The vessel departed Gloucester, Massachusetts , for the waters off Nova Scotia. After encountering high seas in the middle of the storm, the vessel made its last radio contact late on October 28, about 180 miles (290 km) northeast of Sable Island . Andrea Gail sank while returning to Gloucester, her debris washing ashore over
11772-638: Was flooding reported along the Pocasset River . Rainfall in the state peaked at 7.13 in (181 mm) in North Foster . In Rhode Island, where the hurricane made landfall, Bob caused about 200,000 power outages; about 60% of residents in the state and southeastern Massachusetts were left without power. During the storm, treatment plants spilled over 100 million tons of sewage due to overflow into Narragansett Bay. Damage totaled over $ 115 million. While traveling through Rhode Island,
11881-408: Was never found. They were all featured on the show I Shouldn't Be Alive . Following the storm's damage, President George H. W. Bush declared five counties in Maine , seven counties in Massachusetts , and Rockingham County, New Hampshire to be disaster areas. The declaration allowed for the affected residents to apply for low-interest repair loans. New Jersey governor Jim Florio requested
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