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126-553: The O'Reilly Factor (originally titled The O'Reilly Report and also known as The Factor ) was an American cable television news and talk show . The O'Reilly Factor first aired in the United States on Fox News Channel on October 7, 1996, the same day the network launched. It was hosted by independent commentator Bill O'Reilly , who discussed current events and controversial political issues with guests. The final episode aired on April 21, 2017. The O'Reilly Factor

252-683: A Star Wars spoof). The British comedy group Monty Python is also famous for its parodies, for example, the King Arthur spoof Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1974), and the Jesus satire Life of Brian (1979). In the 1980s the team of David Zucker , Jim Abrahams and Jerry Zucker parodied well-established genres such as disaster, war and police movies with the Airplane! , Hot Shots! and Naked Gun series respectively. There

378-457: A Spanish language service, CNN en Español. Turner Broadcasting also established two, now defunct networks. CNNfn, launched at the end of 1995, attempting to challenge CNBC . It ceased operations after nine years on the air in December 2004. CNNSI, a partnership between CNN and Sports Illustrated , attempted to counter the rising success of ESPNews in covering sports news. While the network

504-533: A fading of the stage's lighting to a dark state, revealing the set now blank of anything identifying the show. The three-day interregnum allowed the network to sort out a new prime-time lineup to start on April 24, 2017, which saw Tucker Carlson Tonight move into the former The O'Reilly Factor time-slot, followed by the move of the late afternoon program The Five to 9:00 p.m. ET. United States cable news Cable news channels are television networks devoted to television news broadcasts, with

630-474: A 200-mile-long creature generally interpreted as being a whale. This is a parody of Ctesias ' claims that India has a one-legged race of humans with a single foot so huge it can be used as an umbrella, Homer 's stories of one-eyed giants, and so on. Parody exists in the following related genres: satire , travesty, pastiche , skit , burlesque . Satires and parodies are both derivative works that exaggerate their source material(s) in humorous ways. However,

756-422: A 20th-century Irish context, and T. S. Eliot 's The Waste Land , which incorporates and recontextualizes elements of a vast range of prior texts, including Dante 's The Inferno . The work of Andy Warhol is another prominent example of the modern "recontextualizing" parody. According to French literary theorist Gérard Genette , the most rigorous and elegant form of parody is also the most economical, that

882-681: A campaign to enter the North American market, including a dedicated website. It became available to some cable subscribers in New York in August 2011, having previously been available as an option for some viewers in Washington, D.C., Ohio and Los Angeles. The channel primarily reaches the United States via its live online streaming. It is readily available on most major Canadian television providers including Rogers and Bell Satellite TV after

1008-584: A chamber pot. We have 'Research on Why Men Have Beards and Women Don't,' 'A Telegram from the Thunder God to His Mother Resigning His Post,' and 'A Public Notice from the King of Whoring Prohibiting Playboys from Skipping Debts.'" Jorge Luis Borges 's (1939) short story " Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote ", is often regarded as predicting postmodernism and conceiving the ideal of the ultimate parody. In

1134-403: A competitor in the financial news genre with Bloomberg Television, which was created in 1994 by Bloomberg L.P. , led by former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg . It is distributed worldwide through cable, satellite and internet providers, and is headquartered in New York. Bloomberg Television was unusual in that its Internet stream, one of the few television networks to continuously offer

1260-470: A critique or commentary upon it. In Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc. , the Supreme Court ruled that a rap parody of " Oh, Pretty Woman " by 2 Live Crew was fair use, as the parody was a distinctive, transformative work designed to ridicule the original song, and that "even if 2 Live Crew's copying of the original's first line of lyrics and characteristic opening bass riff may be said to go to

1386-530: A different, often incongruous, context. Musical parodies may imitate or refer to the peculiar style of a composer or artist, or even a general style of music. For example, "The Ritz Roll and Rock", a song and dance number performed by Fred Astaire in the movie Silk Stockings , parodies the rock and roll genre. Conversely, while the best-known work of "Weird Al" Yankovic is based on particular popular songs, it also often utilises wildly incongruous elements of pop culture for comedic effect. The first usage of

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1512-509: A famous example of which is the Silloi by Pyrrhonist philosopher Timon of Phlius which parodied philosophers living and dead. The style was a rhetorical mainstay of the Cynics and was the most common tone of the works made by Menippus and Meleager of Gadara . In the 2nd century CE, Lucian of Samosata created a parody of travel texts such as Indica and The Odyssey . He described

1638-405: A focus on Asia for CGTN . The channel is carried on DirecTV, Dish Network, AT&T U-Verse and smaller carriers and live streams via its website and Livestream . CGTN has been registered as a foreign agent since 2018 and designated a foreign mission since 2020, which restricts the service's operations in the United States. CNC World is an English-language network majority owned by Xinhua ,

1764-651: A glutton and the God of Drama Dionysus as cowardly and unintelligent. The traditional trip to the Underworld story is parodied as Dionysus dresses as Heracles to go to the Underworld, in an attempt to bring back a poet to save Athens. The Ancient Greeks created satyr plays which parodied tragic plays , often with performers dressed like satyrs . Parody was used in early Greek philosophical texts to make philosophical points. Such texts are known as spoudaiogeloion ,

1890-524: A lack of independence while embracing codependency . In Flann O'Brien 's novel At Swim-Two-Birds , for example, mad King Sweeney , Finn MacCool , a pookah , and an assortment of cowboys all assemble in an inn in Dublin : the mixture of mythic characters, characters from genre fiction, and a quotidian setting combine for a humor that is not directed at any of the characters or their authors. This combination of established and identifiable characters in

2016-448: A liberal bias, a reputation it has increasingly embraced with its "Lean Forward" slogan (which it adopted in 2011) and open promotion of progressive and liberal ideas. This has led to MSNBC increasingly shifting towards centrism and establishment politics, displaying (subtly or otherwise) acts of hostility towards progressive politicians e.g. Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders (a frontrunner in the 2020 democratic nominations). The channel had

2142-466: A natural development in the life cycle of any genre ; this idea has proven especially fruitful for genre film theorists. Such theorists note that Western movies , for example, after the classic stage defined the conventions of the genre, underwent a parody stage, in which those same conventions were ridiculed and critiqued. Because audiences had seen these classic Westerns, they had expectations for any new Westerns, and when these expectations were inverted,

2268-412: A new setting is not the same as the post-modernist trope of using historical characters in fiction out of context to provide a metaphoric element. Sometimes the reputation of a parody outlasts the reputation of what is being parodied. For example, Don Quixote , which mocks the traditional knight errant tales, is much better known than the novel that inspired it, Amadis de Gaula (although Amadis

2394-445: A parody, pastiche is neither transformative of the original work, nor is it humorous. Literary critic Fredric Jameson has referred to the pastiche as a "blank parody", or "parody that has lost its sense of humor". Skits imitate works "in a satirical regime". But unlike travesties, skits do not transform the source material. The burlesque primarily targets heroic poems and theater to degrade popular heroes and gods, as well as mock

2520-424: A partnership between NBC and Microsoft (Microsoft's stake in the channel was gradually bought out by NBC until the latter's parent NBCUniversal bought out the remaining minority stake held by Microsoft in 2011). When the network was launched, its leading hosts included Jodi Applegate , John Gibson , Tim Russert and Brian Williams . For over a decade, the network's ratings were consistently in last place among

2646-420: A pre-existing, copyrighted work, some countries have ruled that parodies can fall under copyright limitations such as fair dealing , or otherwise have fair dealing laws that include parody in their scope. Parodies are protected under the fair use doctrine of United States copyright law , but the defense is more successful if the usage of an existing copyrighted work is transformative in nature, such as being

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2772-476: A program unavailable in a certain geographic area. ESPNews scaled back its news-only format in 2013, after several years of ESPN expanding its flagship newscast, SportsCenter , throughout the daytime hours on the main channel. ESPNews newscasts are now branded under the SportsCenter brand, while replays of ESPN2 talk programs typically air when SportsCenter airs on ESPN's main channel. At least one of

2898-409: A reworking of one kind of composition into another (for example, a motet into a keyboard work as Girolamo Cavazzoni , Antonio de Cabezón , and Alonso Mudarra all did to Josquin des Prez motets ). More commonly, a parody mass ( missa parodia ) or an oratorio used extensive quotation from other vocal works such as motets or cantatas ; Victoria , Palestrina , Lassus , and other composers of

3024-515: A satire is meant to make fun of the real world, whereas a parody is a derivative of a specific work ("specific parody") or a general genre ("general parody" or "spoof"). Furthermore, satires are provocative and critical as they point to a specific vice associated with an individual or a group of people to mock them into correction or as a form of punishment. In contrast, parodies are more focused on producing playful humor and do not always attack or criticize its targeted work and/or genre. Of course, it

3150-544: A satirical comedy about Adolf Hitler with the film The Great Dictator , following the first-ever Hollywood parody of the Nazis, the Three Stooges ' short subject You Nazty Spy! . About 20 years later Mel Brooks started his career with a Hitler parody as well. After his 1967 film The Producers won both an Academy Award and a Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay, Brooks became one of

3276-430: A serious film, but decided that it would not be able to compete with the established series of Bond films. Hence, he decided to parody the series. Kenneth Baker considered poetic parody to take five main forms. A further, more constructive form of poetic parody is one that links the contemporary poet with past forms and past masters through affectionate parodying – thus sharing poetic codes while avoiding some of

3402-484: A spin-off called Shift . Established in 2014, it was an online-only channel through its website MSNBC.com. The programming schedule was less focused on politics than the main channel, built to be a divergence from it and is more tailored to a younger audience. Shift ceased operations without notice some time before 2018. Cable News Network (CNN) launched on June 1, 1980, as the first cable channel devoted to news programming. The Persian Gulf War in 1991 catapulted CNN into

3528-426: A straight focus on international news stories compared to CNN, which featured an equal emphasis on U.S. and world news. CNN launched a special service on January 20, 1992, called CNN Airport Network which was available exclusively in United States airports; the service simulcast programs from CNN and HLN, but with inserts of information of interest to air travelers. CNN Airport Network shut down in 2020. CNN also operates

3654-413: A third of CNBC's viewership migrated to FBN over the course of a year, with both netting approximately 170,000 viewers. Bloomberg also does not subscribe to Nielsen and its ratings are assumed to be very low (however, its viewership was higher than CNBC's when Bloomberg's programming was simulcast on E! in the early morning hours, an arrangement that began in 2004 after USA Network ended its simulcast of

3780-521: A video feed over the Internet since the 1990s, was free to the public; the feed was placed behind a soft paywall along with the rest of Bloomberg's Internet ventures in May 2018. FBN is the sister business network to Fox News Channel. In October 2007, News Corporation launched its own financial news network called Fox Business Network (FBN); News Corporation CEO Rupert Murdoch stated his reason for launching

3906-480: A week; almost 60 companies withdrew their ads. Despite the loss of advertisers, The O'Reilly Factor' s ratings increased during the controversy. On April 11, 2017, O'Reilly announced he would take a two-week vacation and would return to the program on April 24, 2017, His plans to return, however, would not come to pass, as he was fired eight days later, and his show was cancelled soon afterwards. Online, references to O'Reilly on FoxNews.com were immediately removed, with

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4032-607: A work for humorous or satirical effect. See also Fair dealing in United Kingdom law . Some countries do not like parodies and the parodies can be considered insulting. The person who makes the parody can be fined or even jailed. For instance in the UAE and North Korea, this is not allowed. Parody is a prominent genre in online culture, thanks in part to the ease with which digital texts may be altered, appropriated, and shared. Japanese kuso and Chinese e'gao are emblematic of

4158-629: Is Al Jazeera Media Network 's English language international news channel. It was the first English-language news channel to be headquartered in the Middle East. Instead of being run centrally, news management rotates between broadcasting centres in Doha and London. The channel, however, has poor penetration in the American market, where it has been carried by only one satellite service and a small number of cable networks. Al Jazeera English later began

4284-411: Is a minimal parody , the one that literally reprises a known text and gives it a new meaning. Blank parody, in which an artist takes the skeletal form of an art work and places it in a new context without ridiculing it, is common. Pastiche is a closely related genre , and parody can also occur when characters or settings belonging to one work are used in a humorous or ironic way in another, such as

4410-634: Is a 1989 film parody from Spain of the TV series The A-Team called El equipo Aahhgg directed by José Truchado. More recently, parodies have taken on whole film genres at once. One of the first was Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood and the Scary Movie franchise. Other recent genre parodies include. Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday The 13th , Not Another Teen Movie , Date Movie , Epic Movie , Meet

4536-458: Is a national, independent, progressive news network that reaches more than 40 million television households in the United States. The network brands itself as "the alternative to television networks owned by billionaires, governments and corporations." It was launched in 1995 and is owned and operated by Public Communicators Incorporated, a 501(c)3 non-profit, tax-exempt organization founded in 1974. Distributed principally by Dish Network, DirecTV, and

4662-511: Is approximately 136,000 viewers. ESPN launched a 24-hour sports news channel named ESPNews on November 1, 1996, which is carried by most cable and satellite providers, although usually only on dedicated sports and information tiers. It airs news, highlights, press conferences and commentary by analysts all in relation to sports. ESPNews was also syndicated to regional sports networks as daytime filler programming and also often appears as blackout filler on ESPN or ESPN2 when those channels air

4788-562: Is broadcast from Times Square in New York with an additional bureau in Washington, D.C. The channel uses resources from i24's main Jaffa headquarters. Talent includes David Shuster who is also the managing editor, Michelle Makori , and Dan Raviv . The channel acquired many of its debut behind-the-scenes talent from the former Al Jazeera America . The channel is carried on Altice USA-owned Optimum and Suddenlink cable systems and Charter Spectrum. The channel live streams via its website. NTD

4914-419: Is clearly aimed at a popular (and usually lucrative) subject. The spy film craze of the 1960s, fuelled by the popularity of James Bond is such an example. In this genre a rare, and possibly unique, example of a parody film taking aim at a non-comedic subject over which it actually holds copyright is the 1967 James Bond spoof Casino Royale . In this case, producer Charles K. Feldman initially intended to make

5040-521: Is devoted to news coverage, including outside-produced newscasts such as U.S. Farm Report , AgDay and This Week in Agribusiness , the network's nightly Rural Evening News , and a five-hour rolling news coverage block centered on agricultural commodities coverage with news and weather. RFD-TV is available through both national satellite providers, on some cable outlets, and through a paywalled Internet stream. One America News Network (OANN)

5166-538: Is explicitly anti-Communist, critical of the ruling clique in the People's Republic of China, and supportive of right-wing policies. It is available on select cable outlets, on free-to-air C band satellite, and through a live stream on the Internet. * FBN is operated as a division of Fox Corporation . No information reported for the profits or losses which the FBN division represents. CNBC (originally an abbreviation for

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5292-455: Is mentioned in the book). Another case is the novel Shamela by Henry Fielding (1742), which was a parody of the gloomy epistolary novel Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) by Samuel Richardson . Many of Lewis Carroll 's parodies of Victorian didactic verse for children, such as " You Are Old, Father William ", are much better known than the (largely forgotten) originals. Stella Gibbons 's comic novel Cold Comfort Farm has eclipsed

5418-405: Is not required under law to get permission to parody; as a personal rule, however, he does seek permission to parody a person's song before recording it. Several artists, such as rapper Chamillionaire and Seattle-based grunge band Nirvana stated that Yankovic's parodies of their respective songs were excellent, and many artists have considered being parodied by him to be a badge of honor. In

5544-408: Is often used to make a social or political statement. Examples include Swift 's " A Modest Proposal ", which satirized English neglect of Ireland by parodying emotionally disengaged political tracts; and, recently, The Daily Show , The Larry Sanders Show and The Colbert Report , which parody a news broadcast and a talk show to satirize political and social trends and events. On the other hand,

5670-424: Is possible for a parody to maintain satiric elements without crossing into satire itself, as long as its "light verse with modest aspirations" ultimately dominates the work. A travesty imitates and transforms a work, but focuses more on the satirization of it. Because satire is meant to attack someone or something, the harmless playfulness of parody is lost. A pastiche imitates a work as a parody does, but unlike

5796-582: Is protection for Fair Dealing , there is no explicit protection for parody and satire. In Canwest v. Horizon , the publisher of the Vancouver Sun launched a lawsuit against a group which had published a pro- Palestinian parody of the paper. Alan Donaldson, the judge in the case, ruled that parody is not a defence to a copyright claim. As of the implementation of the Copyright Modernization Act 2012, "Fair dealing for

5922-418: Is set against the original. The Oxford English Dictionary , for example, defines parody as imitation "turned as to produce a ridiculous effect". Because par- also has the non-antagonistic meaning of beside , "there is nothing in parodia to necessitate the inclusion of a concept of ridicule." In Greek Old Comedy even the gods could be made fun of. The Frogs portrays the hero-turned-god Heracles as

6048-519: Is shown attacking Martin Luther King Jr. for saying that America should "love thy enemy" and "turn the other cheek", even in respects to the 9/11 attacks . The Chaser's War on Everything featured a segment in its second season where it poked fun at The O'Reilly Factor . After five sexual harassment settlements by O'Reilly and Fox News were reported by The New York Times , The O'Reilly Factor lost more than half its advertisers within

6174-535: Is the American division of China Global Television Network , the English-language news channel run by Chinese state broadcaster China Central Television . It is based in Washington, D.C. and manages bureaus across North and South America . The service launched in 2012 as CCTV America and employs a mix of American , international and Chinese journalists and produces Americas-based programming with

6300-593: Is the English language arm of New Tang Dynasty Television, a media outlet with ties to the Falun Gong , a Chinese expatriate new religious movement also responsible for The Epoch Times newspaper. Its American operations are based in New York City, with production in English, Chinese, Vietnamese, Japanese, Korean and Russian languages. In contrast to the state-backed CGTN and CNC World, NTD's editorial stance

6426-796: The National Sports Report from 1996 to 2002, and Final Score from 2006 to 2011. The third, Fox Sports Live , aired on FS1 from the network's launch until 2017. CBS Sports Network was founded as College Sports TV . It still maintains a primary focus on college sports, but has since been broadened to include general studio discussion shows, simulcasts of CBS Sports Radio talk shows, and some lower-end professional sports. Parody The writer and critic John Gross observes in his Oxford Book of Parodies , that parody seems to flourish on territory somewhere between pastiche ("a composition in another artist's manner, without satirical intent") and burlesque (which "fools around with

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6552-645: The CNN effect . CNN was the first cable news network to begin broadcasting in high definition in September 2007. Today, CNN's television personalities include Wolf Blitzer , Erin Burnett , Anderson Cooper and Jake Tapper . In 1982, the Turner Broadcasting System (which would merge with Time Warner in 1996) created a spin-off of CNN called CNN2, which was originally formatted to show

6678-617: The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 , now provides an exception to infringement where there is fair dealing of the original work for the purpose of parody (or alternatively for the purpose of caricature or pastiche). The legislation does not define what is meant by "parody", but the UK IPO ;– the Intellectual Property Office (United Kingdom)  – suggests that a "parody" is something that imitates

6804-507: The Grass-Mud Horse Lexicon . Parody generators are computer programs which generate text that is syntactically correct , but usually meaningless , often in the style of a technical paper or a particular writer. They are also called travesty generators and random text generators. Their purpose is often satirical , intending to show that there is little difference between the generated text and real examples. Parody

6930-680: The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals denied a fair use defense in the Dr. Seuss Enterprises v. Penguin Books case. Citing the Campbell v. Acuff-Rose decision, they found that a satire of the O.J. Simpson murder trial and parody of The Cat in the Hat had infringed upon the children's book because it did not provide a commentary function upon that work. Under Canadian law , although there

7056-479: The anxiety of influence . More aggressive in tone are playground poetry parodies, often attacking authority, values and culture itself in a carnivalesque rebellion: "Twinkle, Twinkle little star,/ Who the hell do you think you are?" A subset of parody is self-parody in which artists parody their own work (as in Ricky Gervais 's Extras ). Although a parody can be considered a derivative work of

7182-530: The 16th century used this technique. The term is also sometimes applied to procedures common in the Baroque period , such as when Bach reworks music from cantatas in his Christmas Oratorio . The musicological definition of the term parody has now generally been supplanted by a more general meaning of the word. In its more contemporary usage, musical parody usually has humorous, even satirical intent, in which familiar musical ideas or lyrics are lifted into

7308-562: The 1910s and 1920s, writers in China's entertainment market parodied anything and everything.... They parodied speeches, advertisements, confessions, petitions, orders, handbills, notices, policies, regulations, resolutions, discourses, explications, sutras, memorials to the throne, and conference minutes. We have an exchange of letters between the Queue and the Beard and Eyebrows. We have a eulogy for

7434-430: The 2008 presidential election. In the same election cycle, Ron Paul and O'Reilly got into a testy exchange over the issue of Iran. The 2008 Republican candidate for vice president, Sarah Palin , and then Democratic vice presidential candidate Joe Biden were also invited to the show, but chose not to make an appearance. In 2005, The Colbert Report premiered on Comedy Central . The show, hosted by Stephen Colbert ,

7560-576: The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the channel for distribution in Canada on 26 November 2009. In 2013, Al Aazeera Media Network bought Current TV and created Al Jazeera America which was based out of New York City and aimed directly at the American market. The channel while having decent carriage on American satellite and cable services was closed in 2017 after sustaining large financial losses for

7686-598: The Chinese state news agency. It has a more explicit propaganda aim than CGTN and is closely intertwined with the Chinese Communist Party . Its U.S. operations are based in New York City . The channel is available through digital subchannels and a live stream on the Internet. CNC World has been registered as a foreign agent since 2018 and designated a foreign mission since 2020, which restricts

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7812-673: The Consumer News and Business Channel) was launched by NBC in 1989 after the purchase of Satellite Program Network , and merged with competitor Financial News Network that same year. It is owned by the NBCUniversal News Group, a unit of the NBCUniversal Television Group division of NBCUniversal. CNBC is the widest distributed of the business channels with about 84.27% of carriage. The channel has many international spin-offs. CNBC gained

7938-607: The ESPN networks is usually carrying a SportsCenter broadcast at any given time, with the lone exceptions being particularly busy sports days in which all three networks (ESPN, ESPN2 and ESPNEWS) are carrying sporting events and the network's multi-channel coverage of major sports events . Fox Entertainment Group re-branded Speed Channel as FS1 , a sports channel carrying both analysis shows and live sports events, on August 13, 2013. The studio programs are usually pushed to its sister station, FS2 , when live sports are occurring during

8064-597: The Spartans , Superhero Movie , Disaster Movie , Vampires Suck , and The 41-Year-Old Virgin Who Knocked Up Sarah Marshall and Felt Superbad About It , all of which have been critically panned. Many parody films have as their target out-of-copyright or non-copyrighted subjects (such as Frankenstein or Robin Hood) whilst others settle for imitation which does not infringe copyright, but

8190-599: The U.S. and Canada and runs advertisements on the U.S. feed, as foreign broadcasts are not covered by the United Kingdom television license . The channel is carried on Cablevision, Comcast, Spectrum, Verizon FiOS, DirecTV, and AT&T U-Verse, as well as internet TV providers YouTube TV and Sling TV . A 2018 survey for Research Intelligencer by Brand Keys found that the BBC was the most trusted TV news brand among American viewers, beating out Fox News and PBS. CGTN America

8316-541: The US legal system the point that in most cases a parody of a work constitutes fair use was upheld in the case of Rick Dees , who decided to use 29 seconds of the music from the song When Sonny Gets Blue to parody Johnny Mathis ' singing style even after being refused permission. An appeals court upheld the trial court's decision that this type of parody represents fair use. Fisher v. Dees 794 F.2d 432 (9th Cir. 1986) Some genre theorists , following Bakhtin , see parody as

8442-416: The United States behind Sony , the original Viacom (now Paramount Global ), Time Warner (now Warner Bros. Discovery ), The Walt Disney Company , Seagram (now NBCUniversal ) and MGM . The network is headed by chief executive officer Rupert Murdoch . The network began broadcasting its programming in high definition TV in May 2008. Since the network's launch, Fox News has gradually grown to become

8568-490: The United States. Talent on the network includes Dan Abrams , Ashleigh Banfield and Chris Cuomo . The network transitioned to a full 24/7 schedule in the summer of 2024 after its final WGN-era contracts for syndicated programming were exhausted. Blaze TV is a news and opinion network operated by Blaze Media, a joint venture between Conservative Review and Glenn Beck 's Mercury Radio Arts . It began September 12, 2012 as GBTV, initially controlled solely by Beck, and formed

8694-714: The advantages of a new parody exception were sufficient to override the disadvantages to the creators and owners of the underlying work. There is therefore no proposal to change the current approach to parody, caricature and pastiche in the UK." However, following the Hargreaves Review in May 2011 (which made similar proposals to the Gowers Review) the Government broadly accepted these proposals. The current law (effective from 1 October 2014), namely Section 30A of

8820-537: The audience laughed. An early parody film was the 1922 movie Mud and Sand , a Stan Laurel film that made fun of Rudolph Valentino 's film Blood and Sand . Laurel specialized in parodies in the mid-1920s, writing and acting in a number of them. Some were send-ups of popular films, such as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde —parodied in the comic Dr. Pyckle and Mr. Pryde (1926). Others were spoofs of Broadway plays, such as No, No, Nanette (1925), parodied as Yes, Yes, Nanette (1925). In 1940 Charlie Chaplin created

8946-520: The authors of such accounts as liars who had never traveled, nor ever talked to any credible person who had. In his ironically named book True History Lucian delivers a story which exaggerates the hyperbole and improbable claims of those stories. Sometimes described as the first science fiction , the characters travel to the Moon, engage in interplanetary war with the help of aliens they meet there, and then return to Earth to experience civilization inside

9072-406: The broadcast. FS2 acts primarily as an overflow network for FS1, airing their studio programs when they cannot air on FS1 due to schedule conflicts, and also airs reruns of FS1 programming. However, FS2 does air live sports as well, most often from outside the United States. Fox Sports has, three times in its history, attempted to launch a national sportscast. The first two aired on Fox Sports Net :

9198-537: The broader sense of Greek parodia , parody can occur when whole elements of one work are lifted out of their context and reused, not necessarily to be ridiculed. Traditional definitions of parody usually only discuss parody in the stricter sense of something intended to ridicule the text it parodies. There is also a broader, extended sense of parody that may not include ridicule, and may be based on many other uses and intentions. The broader sense of parody, parody done with intent other than ridicule, has become prevalent in

9324-405: The cable news channels until February 2021 when MSNBC became the highest watched news channel. After Phil Griffin became president of MSNBC in mid-2008, the channel began shifting towards an increasingly politically liberal ideology in its analysis programming, particularly in its prime-time lineup . MSNBC launched a high definition simulcast feed on June 29, 2009. Notable personalities on

9450-488: The case of the moralistic melodramas in the 1910s, it retains value only as a parody, as demonstrated by the Buster Keaton shorts that mocked that genre. A parody may also be known as a spoof , a satire , a send-up , a take-off , a lampoon , a play on ( something ), or a caricature . According to Aristotle ( Poetics , ii. 5), Hegemon of Thasos was the inventor of a kind of parody; by slightly altering

9576-528: The central and most representative artistic device, the catalysing agent of artistic creation and innovation. This most prominently happened in the second half of the century with postmodernism , but earlier modernism and Russian formalism had anticipated this perspective. For the Russian formalists, parody was a way of liberation from the background text that enables to produce new and autonomous artistic forms. Historian Christopher Rea writes that "In

9702-609: The channel after ten years, and was discontinued altogether under E! in 2007). Currently, CNBC usually has between 200,000 and 400,000 viewers during the day. In 2000, CNBC had higher ratings than CNN during market hours. The viewership of business newscasts may be underestimated in part because much of its viewership comes from communal areas, most of which cannot be accurately measured by Nielsen and are thus not counted; for this reason, CNBC dropped its subscription to Nielsen in 2015. RFD-TV's average viewership, including for its financial market coverage as well as its non-news programming,

9828-399: The channel shifted to shilling for Donald Trump during and after his presidency . Its prime time political talk shows have a conservative perspective, and the channel regularly features pro-Trump stories. The channel described itself as one of the "greatest supporters" of Trump. The channel has been noted for promoting falsehoods and conspiracy theories . Real America's Voice

9954-404: The channel was that CNBC is too "negative towards business", and had promised to make FBN more "business friendly". Cheddar was established in 2017 as an initially online-only channel that operated on a freemium model with some content free and others paywalled . It was acquired by Altice USA in 2019 and, after a two-year run in which several low-powered stations owned by DTV America carried

10080-449: The character Colbert played on The Colbert Report appeared "via satellite" on his new show, The Late Show with Stephen Colbert , to bid a satirical farewell to Bill. The O'Reilly Factor has also been spoofed on Saturday Night Live , first by Jeff Richards and later on by Darrell Hammond , and then with Alec Baldwin , where Baldwin played both O'Reilly and Donald Trump in the same sketch in an interview segment. On MADtv ,

10206-416: The common tropes within the genre. Simon Dentith has described this type of parody as "parodic anti-heroic drama". A parody imitates and mocks a specific, recognizable work (e.g. a book, movie, etc.) or the characteristic style of a particular author. A spoof mocks an entire genre by exaggerating its conventions and cliches for humorous effect. In classical music , as a technical term, parody refers to

10332-404: The establishment of several other networks, including, Fox News Channel , MSNBC , and specialty channels such as Bloomberg Television , Fox Business Network , and ESPN News . More recent additions to the cable news business have been CBSN , Newsmax TV , TheBlaze , NewsNation , part-time news network RFD-TV , and the now defunct Al Jazeera America and Black News Channel . As some of

10458-635: The first place Fox News Channel, in total daytime viewers. Newsmax TV debuted June 15, 2014 as a television arm of Newsmax Media , a media company better known for its magazine and website. The channel runs a mix of rolling news coverage in the afternoons, video simulcasts of conservative talk radio programs, talk shows, and reruns of documentaries. Talent on the network includes Greta van Susteren , Greg Kelly , Carl Higbie , Tom Basile , Rita Cosby , Rob Schmitt and Chris Salcedo . Former talent includes Eric Bolling , Howie Carr , Wayne Allyn Root , Joe Pagliarulo and Bill O'Reilly . Until mid-2016, it

10584-433: The former Northwest Cable News (NWCN) (which operated from Seattle). New England Cable News covers the six-state region of New England . Listed by the number of viewers, the 'Big Three' cable TV news channels are: Fox News Channel (Fox News) launched on October 7, 1996, and was formed under the ownership of News Corporation (founded by Australian -born media mogul Rupert Murdoch ), the fifth largest media company in

10710-660: The highest-rated cable network until January 2021, when MSNBC surpassed Fox News briefly before returning to the number two position in February. Fox News's former prime time lineup included programs such as The O'Reilly Factor , hosted by Bill O'Reilly , which had been a top rated program since the early 2000s when considered among major cable news channels. The channel's longtime slogans are " Fair and Balanced " and "We Reported, You Decide". Current slogans are "Most Watched. Most Trusted."; "Real News. Real Honest Opinion." and "America's Watching". MSNBC launched on July 15, 1996, as

10836-478: The host were removed from the front windows of the News Corp. Building . O'Reilly was not given an opportunity to sign-off on-air, instead releasing a statement through his agency about the matter, while continuing to deny the sexual harassment allegations against him. During the final episode Gutfeld spoke about the program's legacy and the loyalty of the show's staff after a segment with Tucker Carlson, followed by

10962-495: The importance of parody in online cultures in Asia. Video mash-ups and other parodic memes , such as humorously altered Chinese characters, have been particularly popular as a tool for political protest in the People's Republic of China, the government of which maintains an extensive censorship apparatus. Chinese internet slang makes extensive use of puns and parodies on how Chinese characters are pronounced or written, as illustrated in

11088-559: The joint venture December 3, 2018, taking on the programming of CRTV, Conservative Review's subscription video service that had launched in October 2016. Blaze TV is explicitly conservative in perspective, with popular hosts on the network including Beck, Mark Levin , Pat Gray , Steve Deace , Steven Crowder and Phil Robertson . Blaze TV is available via Dish Network and Verizon FiOS , various smaller cable providers, and through subscription Internet television . Free Speech TV (FSTV)

11214-547: The largest carrier outside of DirecTV to carry the network, followed suit in dropping OANN in July. Its primary method of distribution since the Fios discontinuation has been through its free platform, OAN Plus, made available through digital subchannels . The channel targets a conservative audience. Initially offering a combination of conservative opinion content and non-ideologically driven news content from its launch until 2016,

11340-552: The main show website redirecting to the FoxNews.com homepage and its content removed. The program continued for three more episodes without O'Reilly, but the title was shortened to The Factor . Dana Perino guest hosted the show on April 19, 2017 and April 20, 2017 and Greg Gutfeld hosted the final episode on April 21, 2017. In the April 19, 2017 episode, Perino read a prepared statement about O'Reilly's dismissal equivalent to what

11466-458: The material of high literature and adapts it to low ends"). Meanwhile, the Encyclopédie of Denis Diderot distinguishes between the parody and the burlesque, "A good parody is a fine amusement, capable of amusing and instructing the most sensible and polished minds; the burlesque is a miserable buffoonery which can only please the populace." Historically, when a formula grows tired, as in

11592-535: The modern parody of the 20th century. In the extended sense, the modern parody does not target the parodied text, but instead uses it as a weapon to target something else. The reason for the prevalence of the extended, recontextualizing type of parody in the 20th century is that artists have sought to connect with the past while registering differences brought by modernity . Major modernist examples of this recontextualizing parody include James Joyce 's Ulysses , which incorporates elements of Homer 's Odyssey in

11718-563: The most famous film parodists and created spoofs in multiple film genres. Blazing Saddles (1974) is a parody of western films, History of the World, Part I (1981) is a historical parody, Robin Hood Men in Tights (1993) is Brooks' take on the classic Robin Hood tale, and his spoofs in the horror, sci-fi and adventure genres include Young Frankenstein (1974), and Spaceballs (1987,

11844-722: The most widely available channels, Fox News, CNN , and MSNBC are often referred to as the "big three" with Fox News having the highest viewership and ratings. While the networks are usually referred to as 24-hour news networks, reruns of news programs and analysis or opinion programming are played throughout the night, with the exception of breaking news . Regional 24-hour cable news television channels that are primarily concerned with local programming and cover some statewide interest have included Spectrum News (a brand used for multiple networks including in upstate New York , North Carolina , Florida and Texas ), NY1 (which operates from New York City ), News 12 Networks , FiOS1 , and

11970-427: The name deriving from the proliferation of such networks during the 1980s with the advent of cable television . In the United States, the first nationwide cable TV news channel to launch was CNN in 1980, followed by Financial News Network (FNN) in 1981 and CNN2 (now HLN ) in 1982. CNBC was created in 1989, taking control of FNN in 1991. Through the 1990s and beyond, the cable news industry continued to grow, with

12096-417: The network had released earlier in the day. The reasons for his firing and the sexual harassment allegations were not mentioned in the program itself. The termination of employment of the former host was a major feature of news coverage on both MSNBC and CNN ; outside of the prepared statements, it was not mentioned on-air during the program and other regular topics were covered. The following day, images of

12222-515: The network include Morning Joe co-hosts Joe Scarborough and Mika Brzezinski , daytime anchors Chuck Todd and Andrea Mitchell , and evening commentators Chris Hayes and Rachel Maddow . The network was noted in the mid-2000s for its harsh criticism of then-President George W. Bush , most notably the "special comment" segment of former anchor Keith Olbermann 's show, Countdown . This, combined with accusations of support for then-President Barack Obama , have led to MSNBC being criticized for

12348-407: The network's live stream at freespeech.org and on Roku, Free Speech TV has run commercial free since 1995 with support from viewers and foundations. The network claims to "amplify underrepresented voices and those working on the front lines of social, economic and environmental justice," bringing viewers an array of daily news programs, independent documentaries and special events coverage. In practice,

12474-467: The network's political leanings represent a left-wing perspective, with several progressive talk radio hosts having time slots on the network and the network simulcasting Democracy Now! with longtime progressive radio network Pacifica . RFD-TV (Rural Free Delivery Television) is a rural-oriented television network independently owned and operated by Patrick Gottsch , through his company Rural Media Group. The majority of its daytime weekday programming

12600-644: The network. The channel may also be viewed online. It recommends online viewing at its own website or at its channel on YouTube. BBC News is the BBC's international news and current affairs television channel. While the channel does not specifically target the U.S., the BBC has a bureau in Washington, D.C. , and produces two programs that cover U.S. news and politics: BBC World News America and The Context . These shows are also broadcast on public television stations, as well as half-hour BBC News bulletins. BBC News has covered both U.S. presidential and midterm elections results. The BBC produces weather forecasts for

12726-427: The number one spot on cable news ratings for its 60th consecutive quarter, experiencing 19% growth in viewership among individuals aged 25 to 54 years old. Ratings were initially high after sexual harassment allegations against O'Reilly resurfaced in April 2017. In the time during Bill O'Reilly 's week-long vacation preceding his firing (in which Dana Perino guest hosted), the ratings dropped 26%. Michelle Malkin

12852-640: The original's 'heart,' that heart is what most readily conjures up the song for parody, and it is the heart at which parody takes aim." In 2001, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals , in Suntrust v. Houghton Mifflin , upheld the right of Alice Randall to publish a parody of Gone with the Wind called The Wind Done Gone , which told the same story from the point of view of Scarlett O'Hara 's slaves, who were glad to be rid of her. In 2007,

12978-415: The parody was by Michael McDonald . O'Reilly himself has appeared on MADtv . Richards also played O'Reilly in an episode of Mind of Mencia where O'Reilly is a senator in the year 2016. The show was also spoofed by the TV series The Boondocks ; first in the episode " The Trial of R. Kelly " where O'Reilly is shown talking about R. Kelly 's latest legal trouble. Later in " Return of the King ", O'Reilly

13104-445: The pastoral novels of Mary Webb which largely inspired it. In more recent times, the television sitcom 'Allo 'Allo! is perhaps better known than the drama Secret Army which it parodies. Some artists carve out careers by making parodies. One of the best-known examples is that of "Weird Al" Yankovic . His career of parodying other musical acts and their songs has outlasted many of the artists or bands he has parodied. Yankovic

13230-598: The purpose of research, private study, education, parody or satire does not infringe copyright." In 2006 the Gowers Review of Intellectual Property recommended that the UK should "create an exception to copyright for the purpose of caricature, parody or pastiche by 2008". Following the first stage of a two-part public consultation, the Intellectual Property Office reported that the information received "was not sufficient to persuade us that

13356-510: The ratings. Starting in 2013, a major ratings decline at MSNBC has pushed that network to fourth place in March 2015. Fox News marked its 15th year as the highest-rated cable news channel in the same demographic, posting 2.8 million average total viewers in January 2017. MSNBC beat CNN in total primetime viewers, ranking sixth among all cable networks in January. CNN beat MSNBC, but trailed to

13482-449: The right of Fox News's editorial stance but not as far to the fringe as One America News Network. The network saw noticeable gains following the 2020 United States presidential election , beating out the business news networks, as conservatives showed increasing dissatisfaction with Fox News coverage of the election. Nexstar Media Group 's NewsNation is a news channel that replaced general entertainment channel WGN America (itself

13608-525: The service's operations in the United States. i24NEWS is an English language international news television channel that is owned by Altice USA . It is the English version of i24NEWS , a news service based in Israel and operated as a joint venture by Israel's two most prominent commercial broadcasters. The network began broadcasting in the US on February 13, 2017. It is live from 6-10 p.m. Eastern Time and at other times broadcasts from Israel. Live programming

13734-500: The show was actually on the air while being recorded. Some guests were interviewed before the "live to tape" period and were slotted in the program as appropriate. He began every show with the catch phrase from September 2004 to April 11, 2017, "Caution! You are about to enter the No Spin Zone. The Factor begins right now!" followed by the theme song, and then saying "Hi, I'm Bill O'Reilly, thanks for watching us tonight," introducing

13860-468: The show's ratings increased. In July 2009, Hal Boedeker blogged that The O'Reilly Factor peaked at 3.1 million viewers which was an increase of 37% from the previous year. In September 2009, The O'Reilly Factor was the #1 cable news show for 106 consecutive weeks. In May 2014, The O'Reilly Factor still held this top position, but average monthly viewers were down to 2.1 million, with a median age of 72 years. In March 2015, The O'Reilly Factor remained at

13986-505: The slot, began transitioning to cable systems that year. Cheddar targets a younger audience than the other business news channels. FBN's ratings were initially too low to be registered beyond Nielsen's margin of error; its highest viewership was estimated to be 202,000 viewers, during the 7:00 a.m. Eastern Time hour of Imus in the Morning 's debut broadcast on the network in 2009. By October 2016, FBN had surpassed CNBC, as roughly

14112-494: The spotlight, largely because the channel was the only news outlet with the ability to communicate from inside Iraq during the initial hours of the American bombing campaign, with live reports from the al-Rashid Hotel in Baghdad by reporters Bernard Shaw , John Holliman and Peter Arnett . Throughout the 1990s, CNN (which was at the time the only major cable news channel) became very influential, an influence later coined as

14238-463: The successor to the superstation feed of WGN-TV in Chicago ) on March 1, 2021. The NewsNation brand was introduced for a prime time news block on WGN on September 1, 2020, six months before the scheduled rebranding of the channel as a whole. NewsNation's focus intends to be non-ideological, using its extensive network of local newsrooms from television stations Nexstar owns and/or operates across

14364-488: The top news stories of the day on a 30-minute "wheel" schedule. The channel rebranded as CNN Headline News in 1983, before the network abandoned the CNN branding and changed its name to the orphaned initialism HLN in 2008, following a shift from news programming towards a mix of news during the day and discussion programs and documentary series at night that began two years earlier. Turner founded CNN International in 1985, with

14490-442: The topic of the first segment, followed by "and that is the subject of this evening's Talking Points Memo", a monologue which was often followed with an interview on the same topic. O'Reilly and his producers discussed potential topics twice a week. Guest hosts included: Eric Bolling , Monica Crowley , Greg Gutfeld , E. D. Hill , Laura Ingraham , John Kasich , Michelle Malkin , Tony Snow , and Juan Williams . Early in 2009,

14616-553: The transformation of minor characters Rosencrantz and Guildenstern from Shakespeare 's drama Hamlet into the principal characters in a comedic perspective on the same events in the play (and film) Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead . Similarly, Mishu Hilmy 's Trapped in the Netflix uses parody to deconstruct contemporary Netflix shows like Mad Men providing commentary through popular characters. Don Draper mansplaining about mansplaining, Luke Danes monologizing about

14742-678: The word parody in English cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is in Ben Jonson , in Every Man in His Humour in 1598: "A Parodie, a parodie! to make it absurder than it was." The next citation comes from John Dryden in 1693, who also appended an explanation, suggesting that the word was in common use, meaning to make fun of or re-create what you are doing. Since the 20th century, parody has been heightened as

14868-520: The wording in well-known poems he transformed the sublime into the ridiculous. In ancient Greek literature , a parodia was a narrative poem imitating the style and prosody of epics "but treating light, satirical or mock-heroic subjects". Indeed, the components of the Greek word are παρά para "beside, counter, against" and ᾠδή oide "song". Thus, the original Greek word παρῳδία parodia has sometimes been taken to mean "counter-song", an imitation that

14994-525: Was a satirical spoof of pundit shows like The O'Reilly Factor , spoofing its format and the mannerisms and ideology of O'Reilly, whom Colbert called "Papa Bear." Colbert made no secret of his spoofing O'Reilly: upon hearing the news that O'Reilly approved of The Colbert Report , he declared on-air that "I like you too. In fact, if it wasn't for you, this show wouldn't exist." On January 18, 2007, Colbert appeared on The O'Reilly Factor and O'Reilly appeared on The Colbert Report . After O'Reilly left his show,

15120-636: Was a frequent guest host. A conservative commentator, she began boycotting the show in 2007 due to controversy involving remarks made against her by Geraldo Rivera over her position on illegal immigration . 2008 presidential contenders Fox News producers had tried for years to get Hillary Clinton to come on the show. On April 30, 2008, Clinton agreed to come on the show as part of a pre-taped interview that would be broadcast over two days. The host also held an exclusive, four-part interview with then-presidential candidate Barack Obama . Both interviews drew significant media attention as they were front runners for

15246-454: Was acquired by The E. W. Scripps Company , an owner of local television stations, in 2014 and transformed into its current form, a linear channel devoted to rolling news coverage and short-form videos. Originally distributed solely via over-the-top platforms, Newsy was offered to cable outlets in late 2017, and later on free over-the-air digital television in 2021. Newsy was rebranded into Scripps News on January 1, 2023. Al Jazeera English (AJE)

15372-413: Was distributed on both Dish Network and DirecTV . The channel does have numerous local broadcasting affiliates. A live stream of the channel is also available for free online at NewsmaxTV.com, as well as YouTube. Newsmax TV is explicitly conservative in its lean, broadcasting many programs hosted by conservative media personalities including those largely abandoned by Fox News; it is positioned further to

15498-430: Was generally pre-recorded, though on occasion it aired live if breaking news or special events were being covered (e.g., presidential addresses that occurred during prime-time and debate coverage). It was usually taped between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. Eastern Time and aired weekdays at 8:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. The show was recorded "live to tape", meaning that the recording broke for commercials as if

15624-496: Was launched in 2020 and offers political news coverage as well as coverage of political rallies by the Republican Party candidates running for US President, US Senate, US House, state gubernatorial and state legislature. The channel also offers programs hosted by Charlie Kirk , Grant Stinchfield , among others. Scripps News began in 2008 as Newsy , a syndication service providing news videos to mobile and Web users. It

15750-458: Was launched in the summer of 2013 by Herring Networks, initially under the cooperation of The Washington Times . In 2019, OAN said that it reached 35 million homes. Its primary outlet was through DirecTV , which distributed the channel through its namesake satellite service and U-verse fiber-optic system; DirecTV provided an estimated 90% of the network's revenue until the company announced its intent to drop OANN in April 2022. Verizon Fios ,

15876-418: Was shut down, CNN and Sports Illustrated continue to maintain their partnership, with Sports Illustrated operating a sports section on CNN's website. An online offshoot, CNN+ , operated for one month in April 2022 before it was aborted due to poor uptake. Fox News has been number one among cable news audiences since supplanting CNN in 2002. Until the start of 2002, CNN was the number one cable news network in

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