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28-596: Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe (登別マリンパークニクス, Noboribetsu marinpāku nikusu) is a Japanese public aquarium located in Noboribetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. It is the one of largest aquariums in Hokkaido, with several buildings constructed around a Western-style castle building. It is a member of the Japanese Association of Zoos and Aquariums (JAZA) and the aquarium is accredited as a Museum-equivalent facility by

56-573: A day, but gave greater emphasis to groundbreaking scientific research . The aquarium also captured other orcas, belugas , narwhals and dolphins . The Monterey Bay Aquarium was the first public aquarium to display a great white shark . Beginning in September 2004, the Outer Bay exhibit (now the Open Sea galleries) was the home to the first in a series of great white sharks. The shark was at

84-658: A memorandum of understanding (MOU) to transfer management rights of the marine park to Kamori Kanko . Under this restructuring plan, Kamori Kanko became the largest shareholder by transferring the 25% stake (100 million yen investment) owned by Noboribetsu City without compensation, and "Hokkaido Marine Park" became a private company from the third sector. Then, Noboribetsu City acquired the park's building for approximately 800 million yen and leased it free of charge for 10 years, which effectively exempted Noboribetsu City from paying property tax, and "Hokkaido Marine Park" became free of property tax and building The "Hokkaido Marine Park"

112-587: A multiple-story Atlantic Coral Reef. The Monterey Bay Aquarium has a shallow tank filled with common types of rays which visitors are encouraged to touch. The South Carolina Aquarium lets visitors feed the rays in their Saltmarsh Aviary exhibit. The largest public aquarium is the Chimelong Ocean Kingdom theme park, opened in 2014 in Hengqin , Zhuhai , with a total of 48.75 million litres (12.87 million US gal) of water. The second largest

140-579: A respiratory disease that penguins are particularly susceptible to and has been considered difficult to treat, and published their research results on diagnosis and treatment by CT scan in the Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science, an academic journal. This research received the 2021 Japanese Society of Wildlife Medicine Best Paper Award. At Noboribetsu Beach Park, the front garden of Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe,

168-442: A result, "Hokkaido Marine Park," the operating body of the park, fell into a business crisis with accumulated debts of approximately 4.03 billion yen as of January 2001, and on January 18, 2001, Noboribetsu City, Kamori Kanko, and Hokkaido Marine Park reached a basic agreement on "management improvement measures" and signed a memorandum of understanding. On January 18, 2001, Noboribetsu City, Kamori Kanko, and Hokkaido Marine Park signed

196-596: A two-day festival called Waku Waku Square Noboribetsu is held every July. Public aquarium Since the first public aquariums were built in the mid-19th century, they have become popular and their numbers have increased. Most modern accredited aquariums stress conservation issues and educating the public. The first public aquarium was opened in London Zoo in May 1853; the Fish House , as it came to be known,

224-638: Is held throughout the year, and the penguins that parade differ depending on the season. ( King penguin , gentoo penguin , and Cape penguin ) The aquarium is committed to captive breeding of organisms, and in the past has successfully new bred 10 species and received a breeding award from JAZA. In 2021, a joint research team at the Noboribetsu Marine Park Nixe, Azabu University and Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine elucidated pathological changes in individuals that lead to early detection of avian aspergillosis ,

252-499: Is the Marine Life Park in southern Singapore with a total of 45 million litres (12 million US gal) of water for more than 100,000 marine animals of over 800 species. Most public aquariums are located close to the ocean , for a steady supply of natural seawater. An inland pioneer was Chicago's Shedd Aquarium that received seawater shipped by rail in special tank cars. The early (1911) Philadelphia Aquarium , built in

280-623: The Florida Aquarium , have aquatic aviaries . Modern aquariums also include land animals and plants that spend time in or near the water. For marketing purposes, many aquariums promote special exhibits, in addition to their permanent collections. Some have aquatic versions of a petting zoo . The National Aquarium in Baltimore, Maryland houses several exhibits including the Upland Tropical Rain Forest and

308-495: The Hamburg Zoo from 1863 to 1866, served until 1874. With its emphasis on education , the public aquarium was designed like a grotto, part of it made of natural rock. The Geologische Grotte depicted "the strata of the earth 's crust ". The grotto also featured birds and pools for seals . The Aquarium Unter den Linden was a three-story building. Machinery and water tanks were on the ground floor, and aquarium basins for

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336-559: The Museum Act from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology . To establish the largest aquarium in Hokkaido, the city government of Noboribetsu established a third-sector company as the main operator with investment from 42 local companies. The aquarium was opened on July 20, 1990, at a total project cost of approximately 7.3 billion yen. In the first month of its opening, approximately 230,000 people visited

364-662: The Vancouver Aquarium in Vancouver , British Columbia , is a centre for marine research, conservation, and marine animal rehabilitation, particularly for the ecosystem of the Pacific Northwest. In 1964, the Vancouver Aquarium became the second aquarium to capture an orca , Moby Doll . He survived in captivity for just under three months, and the aquarium put him on display to the public for

392-872: The Viennese Aquarium Salon (both founded 1860), the Marine Aquarium Temple as part of the Zoological Garden of Hamburg in Hamburg (1864), as well as aquariums in Berlin (1869) and Brighton (1872). The old Berlin Aquarium opened in 1869. The building site was to be Unter den Linden (along a major avenue), in the centre of town, not at the Berlin Zoo . The aquarium's first director, Alfred Brehm , former director of

420-462: The fish on the first floor. Because of Brehm's special interest in birds, a huge aviary , with cages for mammals placed around it, was located on the second floor. The facility closed in 1910. The Artis aquarium at Amsterdam Zoo was constructed inside a Victorian building in 1882, and was renovated in 1997. At the end of the 19th century the Artis aquarium was considered state-of-the-art, as it

448-639: The Charleston harbour. In January 1985, Kelly Tarlton began construction of the first aquarium to include a large transparent acrylic tunnel, Kelly Tarlton's Underwater World in Auckland , New Zealand. Construction took 10 months and cost NZ$ 3 million. The 110-metre (360 ft) tunnel was built from one- tonne (2,200-lb) slabs of German sheet plastic that were shaped locally in an oven. A moving walkway now transports visitors through, and groups of school children occasionally hold sleepovers there beneath

476-899: The Shedd Aquarium was the largest in the United States until the Georgia Aquarium in Atlanta opened in 2005. Entertainment and aquatic circus exhibits were combined as themes in Philadelphia's Aquarama Aquarium Theater of the Sea (1962–1969) and Camden 's re-invented Adventure Aquarium 2005, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium (1992). The first Japanese public aquarium, a small freshwater aquarium called " Uonozoki " (now Tokyo Sea Life Park),

504-564: The aquarium for 198 days (the previous record was 16 days). The shark was released on 31 March 2005. The Adventure Aquarium in New Jersey has hippos . The Aquarium du Québec houses polar bears . Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine 42°52′33.57″N 143°10′23.46″E  /  42.8759917°N 143.1731833°E  / 42.8759917; 143.1731833 Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine ( 帯広畜産大学 , Obihiro Chikusan Daigaku )

532-430: The city's disused water works , had to switch to treated city water when the nearby river became too contaminated. Similarly, the recently opened Georgia Aquarium filled its tanks with fresh water from the city water system and salinated its saltwater exhibits using the same commercial salt and mineral additives available to home aquarists. The South Carolina Aquarium pulls the salt water for their exhibits right out of

560-455: The exemption of interest-bearing debt, property taxes, and building depreciation, which Noboribetsu City had initiated, and the reduction of expenses and increase in sales, which Kamori Kanko had initiated, enabled the company to return to profitability in a single year from 2006 and to increase its cumulative operating income to ¥2.5 billion, up from ¥2.5 billion in reducing the accumulated deficit by one-tenth to about 0.5 billion yen. The parade

588-417: The museum. For the first two years of its opening, it attracted more than 600,000 visitors per year. However, from the third year of operation onwards, the number of visitors rapidly dropped due to the economic downturn caused by the bursting of the bubble economy and the loss of popularity. As a result, in 1997, the private company withdrew, leaving Noboribetsu City virtually holding the entire operation. As

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616-476: The park profitable at that level. As of July 2012, the number of employees was reduced to 28 full-time employees and 50 part-time employees, or about one-fourth of the original staff, reducing costs. In addition, the company improved the impression of the food by introducing homemade dishes prepared by chefs, and increased the number of foreign guests from overseas to about 34% of the total visitors, thereby expanding and stabilizing sales. The synergistic effects of

644-507: The swimming sharks and rays. According to Samantha Muka, creating new public aquariums is an expensive process, that can become so expensive as to render the project economically unsustainable, due to the logistical demands of creating environments in which aquatic animals can survive. Public aquariums are often affiliated with oceanographic research institutions or conduct their research programs, and sometimes specialise in species and ecosystems that can be found in local waters. For example,

672-796: Was again at the end of the 20th century. Before its closing on 30 September 2013, the oldest American aquarium was the National Aquarium in Washington, D.C. , founded in 1873. This was followed by the opening of other public aquariums: San Francisco ( Woodward's Gardens , 1873–1890), Woods Hole ( Woods Hole Science Aquarium , 1885), New York City ( New York Aquarium , 1896–present), San Diego ( Scripps , 1903), Honolulu ( Waikiki Aquarium , 1904–present), Detroit ( Belle Isle Aquarium , 1904–2005, 2012–Present), Philadelphia ( Philadelphia Aquarium , 1911–1962), San Francisco ( Steinhart Aquarium , 1923), Chicago ( Shedd Aquarium , 1929). For many years,

700-736: Was constructed much like a greenhouse . P.T. Barnum quickly followed in 1856 with the first American aquarium as part of his established Barnum's American Museum , which was located on Broadway in New York City before it burned down. In 1859, the Aquarial Gardens were founded in Boston . A number of aquariums then opened in Europe, such as the Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris and

728-414: Was no longer burdened with property taxes and building depreciation. In addition, Shimizu Real Estate, an affiliate of Shimizu Corporation, which was the largest creditor out of the approximately 3.7 billion yen in interest-bearing debt it held at the time, was asked to transfer approximately 2.7 billion yen in debt to the city free of charge, and of the remaining 1 billion yen, approximately 800 million yen

756-533: Was opened at the Ueno Zoo in 1882. Modern aquarium tanks can hold millions of litres of water and can house large species, including dolphins , sharks or beluga whales . This is accomplished through thick, clear acrylic glass windows. Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals, including otters and seals are often cared for at aquariums. Some establishments, such as the Oregon Coast Aquarium or

784-399: Was transferred to the city. The remaining approximately 1 billion yen, about 800 million yen, was eliminated when Noboribetsu City purchased the park's buildings and most of the interest-bearing debt was effectively forgiven. After the park became a subsidiary of Kamori Kanko , the number of visitors was estimated at 250,000 to 300,000 per year, and the number of employees was reduced to make

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