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188-409: Casualty is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC1 . The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin . It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital , in the equally fictitious city of Holby , and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show Holby City . Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of
376-563: A healthcare assistant instead. He hasn't changed his job role since. Dale's departure was announced on 7 June 2016, after eight and a half years on the show. Big Mac's exit airs on 11 June 2016 when he decides to leave Holby. Dale since revealed he would return for a cameo appearance in the show's thirtieth anniversary specials. Dale reprised the role for a single episode as part of the show's thirty-fifth anniversary in August 2021. He expressed his excitement at reuniting with his co-stars. Big Mac
564-411: A spin-off from Casualty and is set in the same fictional Holby City Hospital. The series focuses on the lives and careers of the medical staff and patients on the hospital's surgical wards, addressing various clinical and ethical dilemmas. Like Casualty , the show features an ensemble cast of regular characters, including surgeons, nurses, and ancillary staff, while guest actors play the patients. Over
752-625: A Primary Care Paramedic, although it is starting to head towards a university degree-based program. The province of Ontario announced that by September 2021, the entry level primary care paramedic post-secondary program would be enhanced from a two-year diploma to a three-year advanced diploma in primary care paramedicine. Resultantly, advanced care paramedics in Ontario will require a minimum of four years of post-secondary education and critical care paramedics will require five years of post-secondary education. In Israel, paramedics are trained in either of
940-438: A big way." Wilson also teased a possible romance between Linda and Lenny Lyons ( Steven Miller ), noting that they have a "really sparky relationship". The character departed from the series in the thirty-fifth episode of the twenty-seventh series , broadcast on 11 May 2013. The exit had only been revealed through advanced spoilers beforehand. Martin " Ash " Ashford , played by Patrick Robinson , made his first appearance in
1128-462: A close bond with. Producers used the character to highlight the issue of domestic violence and introduced Kirsty's husband, Warren Clements ( Stephen Lord ), and daughter, Nita Clements ( Holly Earl ), for the storyline. Gaskell quit the role after a year of filming, with Kirsty's departure concluding her domestic abuse storyline. Producers decided to create a positive exit for the character and on-screen, Kirsty decides to leave Holby with Nita after she
1316-549: A common hazard faced by paramedics, where safety goggles can be used for eye protection. Underhand protection, paramedics can employ gloves mainly to curb burns. One of the principles of PPE is that choices should be guided by specific risks associated with various emergencies, which warrant different PPE requirements. Paramedic are involved in challenging professions and can be subject to different kinds of psychological stress , for instance, post-traumatic stress disorder , depression , or severe burnout . The psychological aspect
1504-470: A consultant general surgeon. Mantle reprised his role for the 30th anniversary episode " Too Old for This Shift ", which aired in August 2016. Tess Bateman , played by Suzanne Packer , is a ward sister who first appeared on 13 September 2003. From her arrival until 2005, Tess was an emergency nurse practitioner and following that, she was promoted to clinical nurse manager for six years, until 2011. In May 2011, Tess resigned from her position and resumed
1692-490: A doctor. Upon his arrival, Lloyd was mentored by Jay Faldren ( Ben Turner ) and it slowly becomes clear that Lloyd has feelings for Scarlett and following the massive fire at the hospital, he admits his feelings to her and they begin a relationship. Their relationship ends abruptly when she hands herself in for throwing a brick at a police officer during the Holby Riots. His mum, Florence and sister, Shelia appear towards
1880-624: A fire destroying the hospital department, was the last episode filmed in Bristol, and the first episode filmed in Cardiff aired on 7 January 2012 as an 80-minute special. Most exterior scenes of Holby City are now filmed in Cardiff and the surrounding South Wales area. Additionally, railway scenes are filmed at various preserved railways, including the West Somerset Railway , Avon Valley Railway , and Barry Tourist Railway . For
2068-542: A fire is started in his apartment and Robyn tries to pass him her baby. Because of the timing of the fire, it is concluded that Jez was targeted in the attack, and that Denise Ellisson was involved. This event is the last straw for Mickey who says he is going travelling and invites Jez to come with him so they can escape everything and start anew. Jez wonders what he has to lose at this point and considers joining him, but when he reacts quickly and saves Robin's baby from choking, he appears to be at peace with staying at Holby. After
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#17327836397552256-531: A five-year period, and 93% stop treating within 10 years. In the United Kingdom, ambulances were originally municipal services after the end of World War II. Training was frequently conducted internally, although national levels of coordination led to more standardization of staff training. Ambulance services were merged into county-level agencies in 1974, and then into regional agencies in 2006. The regional ambulance services, most often trusts, are under
2444-578: A full recovery and returned to work. In October 2014, following the death Jeff Collier ( Matt Bardock ), Mac asks for a transfer back to the ED, where he becomes a healthcare assistant . Noel was attacked in January 2016 and whilst the attack took place, Mac hid in a nearby toilet. Noel is left seriously injured, but recovers and is left under the impression that Mac fought the attacker off. Subsequently, Noel does various good gestures for Mac including buying Mac
2632-541: A great beauty to that." Jez arrived and tried flirting with Connie Beauchamp ( Amanda Mealing ) until his colleague, Iain Dean ( Michael Stevenson ), revealed she was the department's clinical lead. Jez and Iain escorted Emilie Groome ( Carol Royle ) to a hospice, where she would spend her final days. They stop the ambulance during the journey whilst her sons and doctors, Ethan Hardy ( George Rainsford ) and Caleb Knight ( Richard Winsor ), treat her. Jez allows Cal to steal
2820-410: A great episode and it's all set at night. The hospital is empty, so it feels like a very ghostly place and that really feeds into the story that we're telling. It's brilliant and it feels very different." Ben " Lofty " Chiltern , played by Lee Mead , made his first appearance in the series twenty-eight episode "The Last Chance Saloon", broadcast on 1 March 2014. The character was introduced to fill
3008-494: A great opportunity to learn more. At the moment my real nerves are helping me to play the part of Alice as she's an anxious character." Alice is described by the BBC as "cripplingly shy" and easily intimidated. Alice is befriended by Sam Bateman, and develops a crush on senior house officer Guppy Sandhu . Alice goes as far as to pretend one of the porters is her boyfriend in an effort to draw his attention; however, all this achieves
3196-479: A growing number of these advanced paramedics who are independent and supplementary prescribers. There are also 'Critical Care Paramedics' who specialise in acute emergency incidents. In 2018, the UK government changed legislation allowing Paramedics to independently prescribe, which will open new pathways to Paramedics to progress into. This came into force on 1 April 2018, but did not immediately affect practice as guidance
3384-445: A handful of universities also offer a four-year bachelor's degree component. The national standard course minimum requires didactic and clinical hours for a paramedic program of 1,500 or more hours of classroom training and 500+ clinical hours to be accredited and nationally recognized. Calendar length typically varies from 12 months to upwards of two years, excluding degree options, EMT training, work experience, and prerequisites. It
3572-422: A hard-working family that like to boast about their doctor daughter, but have never really told her they are proud of her. In 2014, series producer Erika Hossington spoke to Digital Spy about a series of standalone episodes the show would produce, revealing that the first standalone would feature Lily, "The first one is a murder mystery and the character it features is Lily. That's been written by Jeff Povey. It's
3760-551: A hospital were identified as comprehensive trauma care, rapid transport to designated trauma facilities, and the presence of medical corpsmen who were trained to perform certain critical advanced medical procedures such as fluid replacement and airway management . As a result of The White Paper , the US government moved to develop minimum standards for ambulance training, ambulance equipment and vehicle design. These new standards were incorporated into Federal Highway Safety legislation and
3948-422: A hospital. Paramedics work as part of the emergency medical services (EMS), most often in ambulances . They also have roles in emergency medicine, primary care, transfer medicine and remote/offshore medicine. The scope of practice of a paramedic varies between countries, but generally includes autonomous decision making around the emergency care of patients. Not all ambulance personnel are paramedics, although
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#17327836397554136-519: A long running romantic interest in Josh's best friend Charlie Fairhead . Maggie's daughter Joanne returned in January 2008, and Maggie was shocked to see that she was heavily pregnant. Maggie became a grandparent in February 2008, when Joanne gave birth to a baby girl called Lana. She now shares her house with Joanne, Lana, Toby and Ruth. At the end of the 2008 series Maggie decided to leave Holby after
4324-425: A new job and decides to leave Holby City Hospital. Adam's ex-wife Jessica Harrison ( Gillian Kearney ) meets Alice before her departure, where Adam discovers them. Lily Chao , played by Crystal Yu , is a registrar who first appeared on 3 August 2013. Lily had been through several years training from her arrival until August 2015. The BBC have described Lily as an intelligent, logical, high-achiever who comes from
4512-570: A new motorbike. Mac continues to live with the guilt of his cowardice, whilst the attacker Mercedes Christie ( Hannah Spearritt ) regularly visits Mac and blackmails him in return for drugs. The investigating officers discover the truth and Mac is publicly taken away for questioning, causing him to be remonstrated by several members of the ED staff. Noel discovers the truth and ends their friendship, moving out of their apartment. The two men bicker needlessly at work until Jack Diamond ( Alistair Brammer ) and Robyn Miller ( Amanda Henderson ) lock them in
4700-405: A nurse with. Linda told Jessica that she is moving to America and "almost flippant remarked" that Jessica join her, which she agreed to. Tremarco reprised the role as a regular cast member in 2011 and Linda returned to the hospital as a clinical nurse manager , but was later demoted to staff nurse . She was billed as a "fun-loving nurse" who is "determined to become more sensible." Tremarco said she
4888-486: A paramedic program (then called Mobile Intensive Care Technicians) under the medical direction of Ralph Feichter, MD. In 1969, the initial Los Angeles paramedic training program was instituted in conjunction with Harbor General Hospital, now Harbor–UCLA Medical Center , under the medical direction of J. Michael Criley , MD and James Lewis, MD. In 1969, the Seattle "Medic 1" paramedic program was developed in conjunction with
5076-560: A paramedic varies widely across the world, as EMS providers operate with many different models of care . In the Anglo-American model, paramedics are autonomous decision-makers. In some countries such as the United Kingdom and South Africa, the paramedic role has developed into an autonomous health profession. In the Franco-German model, ambulance care is led by physicians. In some versions of this model, such as France, there
5264-560: A passenger to lie down. In most cases these ambulances were operated by drivers and attendants with little or no medical training, and it was some time before formal training began to appear in some units. An early example was the members of the Toronto Police Ambulance Service receiving a mandatory five days of training from St. John as early as 1889. Prior to World War I motorized ambulances started to be developed, but once they proved their effectiveness on
5452-410: A patient's tramadol tablets. Charlie Fairhead ( Derek Thompson ) discovers this and when Mac breaks down and explains everything to Charlie, he offers to hide the drugs. Charlie hides the drugs in his locker, but an investigation into the missing drugs begins. Elle Gardner ( Jaye Griffiths ) discovers the drugs and reports her findings to clinical nurse manager, Rita Freeman ( Chloe Howman ), under
5640-838: A plane crash, was postponed due to its proximity to the anniversary of the Lockerbie disaster . In September 1992, Casualty returned to Saturday nights with a series length extended to 24 episodes per year and aired in a pre-watershed slot around 8 pm. The move sparked controversy due to the graphic and controversial storylines. In 1997-98, the episode count increased to 26 for Series 12 , including two 75-minute specials. Subsequent series saw further increases: 28 episodes for Series 13 , 30 for Series 14 , 36 for Series 15 , 40 for Series 16 and 17 , and 46 for Series 18 . By 2004, Casualty had transitioned to an almost year-round format, with 48 episodes per series from Series 19 through 25 . This number dropped to 42 for Series 26 , attributed to
5828-610: A police drama set in the same universe, also spun off from Casualty and aired between 2007 and 2008. The series Casualty was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin . According to writer Susan Wilkins, the show was conceived as a response to the political climate of the Margaret Thatcher era. Unwin, reflecting on its origins, stated that as young socialists, they aimed to create a "television revolution" that would be feminist , anti-racist , pro- NHS , and anti- Conservative . Casualty and Holby City are both set in
Characters of Casualty - Misplaced Pages Continue
6016-510: A popular member of the cast and was branded a "heart-throb". Mantle left at the end of series eleven , but briefly returned during the following series. Of his decision to leave the show, Mantle said "I didn't want to see the audience always expecting him to be there and perhaps taking less notice of him. I've had a great time, but I'm frightened that, if I stick around too long, I'll end up unable to do anything else." The character later appeared in sister show Holby City between 1999 and 2001, as
6204-493: A porter in the ED. He has also supported paramedic Iain Dean through traumatic events. In September 2012, Mac became the centre of a big storyline which saw him have a major heart attack. Mac survived the heart attack, and according to Dale, the storyline gave Mac "a new lease of life.". Later in March 2014, Mac was held hostage alongside Iain and attacked in the ambulance bay by one of Iain's army colleagues, Kenny Archer. Mac made
6392-411: A portion of a series or multiple series. Matthew Afolami , portrayed by Osi Okerafor, first appears in the thirty-fifth series , in an episode originally broadcast on 29 May 2021. The character and Okerafor's casting was announced on 20 May 2021, alongside that of Elinor Lawless in the role of Stevie Nash . Matthew is billed as an experienced locum registrar who has worked in "trouble spots" across
6580-410: A race-related assault on a shopkeeper and is injured during the getaway, landing him back in the ED. When Mickey is almost discovered, he racially insults Jez to demonstrate his loyalty to his brother. Grieving and seething with injustice, Ethan reveals Mickey's relationship to Scott. Scott goes to attack Jez, but Mickey shields him and says he made the wrong choice. Scott attacks them with a knife, and in
6768-610: A rapid response vehicle / helicopter. The role of paramedics in Germany has evolved from support to physicians in the field to the central role in pre-hospital emergency care. The development of the profession has been a gradual move from simply transporting patients to hospital, to more advanced treatments in the field. In some countries, the paramedic may take on the role as part of a system to prevent hospitalization entirely and, through practitioners, are able to prescribe certain medications , or undertaking 'see and refer' visits, where
6956-464: A regular autumn break due to rising production costs, settling on a schedule of 36 episodes per year. The show is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital , focusing on the staff and patients in the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department . It shared a close connection with its former sister programme, Holby City , a spin-off that aired from 1999 until its cancellation in 2022. HolbyBlue ,
7144-442: A reporter from The Telegraph including Ash in the show's ten best characters. Lloyd Asike , played by Michael Obiora , is a staff nurse who first appeared on 20 August 2011, alongside Scarlett Conway (Madeleine Mantock). Lloyd and Scarlett's casting were revealed in an interview that Digital Spy published with executive producer, Oliver Kent on 6 July 2011. Lloyd left Casualty on 8 June 2013 after deciding to retrain as
7332-513: A role beginning to require a foundation degree in countries such as Australia , South Africa , the UK , and increasingly in Canada and parts of the U.S. such as Oregon , where a degree is required for entry level practice. As a part of Emergency Medicine Reform in 2017 Ministry of Healthcare introduced two specialties — "paramedic" and " emergency medical technician ". Paramedics are employed by
7520-429: A role that practices independently in the pre-hospital environment in a capacity similar to that of a nurse practitioner . This is a fully autonomous role, and such senior paramedics are now working in hospitals, community teams such as rapid response teams, and also in increasing numbers in general practice, where their role includes acute presentations, complex chronic care and end of life management. They work as part of
7708-464: A room to Jez. Jez went on a night out with Isaac Mayfield , after he had a row with boyfriend Dominic Copeland resulting in a one-night stand. This eventually leads to Mayfield physically, sexually and emotionally abusing Copeland in sister show Holby City, resulting in his dismissal. He later pursues Louise Tyler (Azuka Oforka) and, although she tells him she is uncomfortable knowing he has been with both men and women, he eventually wins her over and
Characters of Casualty - Misplaced Pages Continue
7896-417: A room together. Mac explains that he panicked and now felt deeply ashamed about his actions. Noel forgives him and agrees to move back in. Mac realises that Mercedes is a deeply troubled woman and is sympathetic towards her. When Mac loses his pain medication, he grows irritable and steals painkillers from a pharmacy order he is asked to make. Mercedes catches him doing so and steals the drugs for herself. When
8084-430: A scene where he rescued a girl from falling from a cliff, "I actually felt it was a real life situation and that excited me." Of his casting, Everitt said, "I feel honoured to be joining such a successful show and look forward to bringing a different essence to a programme that's synonymous with British culture and television. It's actually the first programme I remember watching when I was a child at my Nan's house - there's
8272-731: A set of skills practised by paramedics in the pre-hospital setting commonly includes: Paramedics carry and administer a wide array of emergency medications . The specific medications they are permitted to administer vary widely, based on local standards of care and protocols. For an accurate description of permitted drugs or procedures in a given location, it is necessary to contact that jurisdiction directly. A representative list of medications may commonly include: As described above, many jurisdictions have different levels of paramedic training, leading to variations in what procedures different paramedics may perform depending upon their qualifications. Three common general divisions of paramedic training are
8460-415: A shift in emphasis from patient transport to treatment both on scene and en route to hospitals. This led to some services changing their descriptions from "ambulance services" to " emergency medical services ". The training, knowledge-base, and skill sets of both paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) were typically determined by local medical directors based primarily on the perceived needs of
8648-552: A shiny new paramedic. I'm so excited to portray this transgender, non-binary, salty but fiercely compassionate character and hope they are not only well-received, but also a source of awareness for those who have never met someone like me." The role marked Smethurst's first television role, who graduated from college a year prior to their casting. Writing in a piece for the Metro in Pride Month , Smethurst said that being cast as Sah
8836-540: A single camera, five boom operators, and 40 microphones. Production was temporarily halted on 17 March 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic , with filming resuming in September 2020. When the show returned in January 2021, episodes were shortened to 40 minutes instead of the usual 50. Casualty typically airs for 50 minutes between 20:00–22:00 on BBC One , with the schedule sometimes shifting due to special events like
9024-402: A spin-off from Casualty and the interconnected premises of the two series, the BBC has occasionally aired crossover mini-dramas titled Casualty@Holby City , featuring characters from both shows. Mervyn Watson, former executive producer of Casualty , explained that the idea for the crossovers stemmed from a casual suggestion made within the BBC's comedy department. The concept was embraced by
9212-455: A staff nurse on the fictional Keller ward. Kirsty Clements , portrayed by Lucy Gaskell , is a staff nurse who first appeared in the twenty-fourth series episode "Russian Endings", broadcast on 15 May 2010. Kirsty is billed as a brilliant nurse who provides "a breath of fresh air" and "a bucket full of attitude" to the ED. Her personalities helps her build friendships with her colleagues, notably Adam Trueman ( Tristan Gemmill ) who she shares
9400-436: A story which Robinson disapproved of. In the character's next story, he was given a love interest: public relations officer Laura Milburn (Lizzy McInnerny). This culminated in a wedding during the series ten finale. Robinson decided to leave Casualty in 1995, having become disillusioned with the show. Ash and Laura depart together in the series 10 finale "Night Moves", originally broadcast on 24 February 1996. Robinson reprised
9588-479: A talk with Iain he changes his mind and meets Mickey at the airport. The Holby staff later receive photographs of the couple relaxing in Mexico. Linda Andrews , played by Christine Tremarco , made her debut appearance in the twentieth episode of the twenty-fourth series , broadcast on 16 January 2010. Linda was originally introduced to aid the departure of Jessica Harrison ( Gillian Kearney ), who she trained to be
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#17327836397559776-690: A training program to educate paramedics on job hazards, and supplying PPE such as respirators, gloves, and isolation gowns when dealing with biological hazards. Infectious disease has become a major concern, in light of the COVID-19 pandemic . In response, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other agencies and organizations have issued guidance regarding workplace hazard controls for COVID-19 . Some specific recommendations include modified call queries, symptom screening, universal PPE use, hand hygiene, physical distancing, and stringent disinfection protocols. Research on ambulance ventilation systems found that aerosols often recirculate throughout
9964-410: A variety of different organizations, and the services they provide may occur under differing organizational structures, depending on the part of the world. A new and evolving role for paramedics involves the expansion of their practice into the provision of relatively basic primary health care and assessment services. Some paramedics have begun to specialize their practice, frequently in association with
10152-434: Is Casualty ' s first transgender and non-binary character and the character uses they/them pronouns . Producers described Sah as a cool person who does not want to be seen as vulnerable or trying too hard, but noted that they would meet their match in boss Jan Jennings ( Di Botcher ), who wants to get to truly know Sah. On the character, Deborah Sathe, senior executive producer, said: "We are delighted to welcome Arin to
10340-595: Is a fresh-faced, newly-qualified paramedic with bags of energy. Jez doesn't take life too seriously, which means he gets on well with everybody and loves a good flirt. It's just a shame that this enthusiasm isn't always applied to his job... Like a distracted puppy, Jez can be difficult to control in a perilous situation, much to Iain's frustration. Kent teased the dynamic between Jez and his paramedic colleague, Iain Dean ( Michael Stevenson ), calling it "fun" and "unlike anything we've seen before". Tasha Hegarty of Digital Spy described Jez as "Iain's new partner in crime". It
10528-558: Is a veteran of the Falklands War of 1982, where many of his fellow soldiers were killed while he survived. This has led to him experiencing intense feelings of guilt. The BBC describe him as "overly sensitive" and "just a little bit grouchy". An episode of series 23 devoted to the character sees him assume a vigilante role on the city's Farmead Estate. Dale states that the episode causes Mac to realise: "it's time he stood up for himself and that he can't run from things that happened in
10716-434: Is an emergency or routine operation. Such regulatory bodies, as the ones promoting national and global safety standards, ensure that evidence-based approaches reinforce adherence to their occupational health being safeguarded. Throughout the evolution of pre-hospitalization care, there has been an ongoing association with military conflict. One of the first indications of a formal process for managing injured people dates from
10904-421: Is an extra risk for CVDs because of the heaviness of emergency response operations. There is a need to emphasize cancer risk and the importance of constant exploration and individualized prevention patterns. Besides, there is the cumulative effect of fatigue, violence, and trauma on the health of paramedics. As a result, there is a need for systematic monitoring and preventive measures in health among paramedics. It
11092-538: Is assaulted by Tony's girlfriend and admitted to the ED as a patient. She and Curtis become engaged; however, on their wedding day, Alice is taken hostage at gunpoint on the hospital roof. Curtis tackles her assailant over the edge, and dies saving Alice. The Daily Mirror 's Jim Shelley criticized Alice's relationship with Curtis, deeming it "about as convincing as Stacey Slater 's with Bradley , or Corrie 's Maria and Tyrone ", lacking in plausibility as: "Alice had gone from being so virginal and meek she
11280-620: Is common for Paramedics to continue to progress through "top up" courses, for instance, to work towards a Bachelors of Science degree. This has led to Paramedics holding a wide range of qualifications, with some qualifications (such as master's degrees in Advanced or Paramedic Practice) being a pre-requisite for paramedic prescribing. Paramedics work in various settings including NHS and Independent Ambulance Providers, Air Ambulances, Emergency Departments and other alternative settings. Some paramedics have gone on to become Paramedic Practitioners ,
11468-991: Is critical. Including, the immediate disposal of sharps in puncture-resistant containers and wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) and strict adherence to post-exposure protocols, enhances safety. Additionally, staying updated with vaccinations , including those for flu , COVID-19 , Hepatitis B . Furthermore, adhering to infection control practices, such as hand hygiene , environmental cleaning, and specialized control programs, are vital for preventing infections like MRSA , TB , and COVID-19 . Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) usage in implementation and vaccination compliance are effective transmission reduction measures for infectious diseases among paramedics. Exposures to blood pathogens and body fluids through incidents, for example, needlestick injuries which jeopardizes paramedics at risk of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B , and Hepatitis C , and HIV affecting around 6,000 EMS workers. This realization strengthens
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#173278363975511656-434: Is from a very strong, cultural black background and is very rooted in his origins, whereas Scarlett was brought up in a white family. So we're really interested in exploring the two differences in identity between the two." Mike Barratt , played by Clive Mantle , made his first appearance during the seventh series . Mike was a consultant, who formed a relationship with staff nurse Rachel Longworth ( Jane Gurnett ). He became
11844-510: Is helping Sam realise he has feelings for her himself. When the department is threatened with closure, consultant Harry Harper opposes the move, and Clinical Manager Nathan Spencer persuades Alice to claim that he has sexually harassed her, in order to sabotage Harry's campaign. Realising she has been tricked, Alice drops her claim and expresses a wish to leave for the South American rain forest, but Sam persuades her to stay. Later in
12032-420: Is intertwined with the nature of the paramedics' work. Exposure to traumatic events such as accidents, medical emergencies , and violence are some of the factors undermining the psychological health of paramedics. Mental health issues, including depression , anxiety , and substance abuse , are some of the mental health issues paramedics are likely to get exposed to due to their nature of work as compared to
12220-519: Is later revealed to be the wife of established character Lev Malinovsky (Uriel Emil). Reviewing Faith's first episode, Sue Haasler of the Metro described the character as "brilliant – skilled, calm and knowledgeable and exactly what was needed on such a terrible day." Haasler later branded Faith "super-competent" and was surprised by the Faith and Lev pairing. Alice Chantrey , played by Sam Grey , made her first appearance on 1 April 2006. Alice joined
12408-519: Is motivated to create happier memories for herself. The character made her final appearance in the series 25 episode " When You're Smiling ", broadcast on 30 July 2011. Maggie started off her career in medicine as a nurse, before retraining to become a doctor. She is highly competent, although has been held back from progressing further up the career ladder as a result of a tendency to be too outspoken with hospital management, most notably clashing frequently with Nathan Spencer . She successfully applied for
12596-729: Is necessary to study long-term health risks for paramedics and apply a prophylactic approach to maintaining the health state of healthcare professionals. The regulatory guidelines are fundamental in eliminating occupational risk in paramedicine ; authoritative bodies like the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) provide specific guidelines. For example, in United States, physical , chemical , and biological hazards are managed by operating under
12784-480: Is no direct equivalent to a paramedic. Ambulance staff have either the more advanced qualifications of a physician or less advanced training in first aid . In other versions of the Franco-German model, such as Germany, paramedics do exist. Their role is very similar to the role of paramedics in the Anglo-American model with an advanced scope of autonomy and practice, and the added element of emergency physician backup, either virtually ( Tele-Notarzt ) or on scene with
12972-406: Is not afraid of the emergency department hierarchy and immediately introduces herself to clinical lead Connie Beauchamp ( Amanda Mealing ). Sallés explained that Rosa believes that "if there's a job to be done, let's not sit on formalities." The actress confirmed that the character's backstory, including the reason she moved to the UK, would be explored during the series. Sallés was contracted with
13160-487: Is not respected in the show, Smethurst explained that it was important for these scenes to be transmitted. They felt that since queer people face discriminatory comments daily, it was important to portray the attitudes that they endure. Smethurst also revealed that an overwhelming number of people had reached out to say they felt "seen, represented, emboldened, affirmed, comforted by Sah and their journey". Rosa Cadenas , portrayed by Jacey Sallés , made her first appearance in
13348-417: Is not wanted. David becomes easily frustrated by Rosa's behaviour and tries to reprimand her. Sallés explained that David is easily wound up, but Rosa understands when to stop. When she hears David speaking in his "bumbling" manner, Rosa is attracted to him. The actress liked Durr's comic timing in the scenes and found him amusing. Sallés and Durr would often include extra unscripted movements and other things to
13536-683: Is required to be a certified Emergency Medical Technician prior to starting paramedic training. Entry requirements vary, but many paramedic programs also have prerequisites such as one year required work experience as an emergency medical technician , or anatomy and physiology courses from an accredited college or university. Paramedics in some states must attend up to 50+ hours of ongoing education, plus maintain Pediatric Advanced Life Support and Advanced Cardiac Life Support. National Registry requires 70 + hours to maintain its certification or one may re-certify through completing
13724-584: Is soon established. Paige's storylines have included her relationship with Clinical fellow, Rashid Masum , being tested for the BRCA1 gene, and nearly losing her medical licence after a lack of support from her mentor, Stevie Nash . James-Davies made an unannounced departure on 24 February 2024, in a story arc which saw Paige decide to move to another specialty, and leave the department behind. Jez Andrews , played by Lloyd Everitt , made his first screen appearance on 12 March 2016. The character and Everitt's casting
13912-480: The Casualty and Holby City themes, a choice criticized by The Daily Mirror as "basically both theme tunes played at once." Before the broadcast of the 2005 Christmas crossover, Watson commented on the future of the crossover episodes, stating that while they couldn't guarantee more, they would be willing to continue them as long as there was audience interest. In 2007, Holby City producer Diana Kyle noted
14100-460: The Casualty family and launch our new paramedic Sah for the Saturday night audience. Sah will get themselves into all sorts of professional adventures whilst masking their own personal sorrow. In a world where our privacy is something to be treasured, will Sah be able to keep theirs?" On their casting in the series, Smethurst said: "I am honoured to be joining the spectacular Casualty family as
14288-400: The Casualty production team. These initiatives will give eight successful candidates the opportunity to direct or write an episode of the long-running drama. Executive producer Roxanne Harvey expressed enthusiasm for the launch, highlighting the importance of these training programmes to "sustain the high quality of our iconic drama." Casualty follows the professional and personal lives of
14476-787: The Crusades , with the Knights Hospitaller of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem filling a similar function; this organisation continued, and evolved into what is now known throughout the Commonwealth of Nations as the St. John Ambulance and as the Order of Malta Ambulance Corps in the Republic of Ireland and various countries. While civilian communities had organized ways to deal with prehospitalisation care and transportation of
14664-476: The Eurovision Song Contest or sporting events. Occasionally, if an episode is split into two parts, part one airs on Saturday and part two on Sunday. The show is also broadcast across Europe via BBC Entertainment . In February 2024, BBC Studios launched two new training schemes for aspiring writers and directors— The Casualty Directors' Scheme and The Writers' Studio: Casualty —based within
14852-609: The Harborview Medical Center under the medical direction of Leonard Cobb, MD. The Marietta (GA) initial paramedic project was instituted in the Fall of 1970 in conjunction with Kennestone Hospital and Metro Ambulance Service, Inc. under the medical direction of Luther Fortson, MD. The Los Angeles County and City established paramedic programs following the passage of The Wedsworth-Townsend Act in 1970. Other cities and states passed their own paramedic bills, leading to
15040-549: The Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC) in order to call themselves a paramedic. In the United States, a similar system is operated by the National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians (NREMT) , although this is only accepted by forty of the fifty states. As paramedicine has evolved, a great deal of both the curriculum and skill set has existed in a state of flux. Requirements often originated and evolved at
15228-467: The Imperial Legions of Rome , where aging Centurions , no longer able to fight, were given the task of organizing the removal of the wounded from the battlefield and providing some form of care. Such individuals, although not physicians , were probably among the world's earliest surgeons by default, being required to suture wounds and complete amputations . A similar situation existed in
15416-623: The PARAMEDICS International magazine. Ron Stewart , the show's medical director , was instrumental in organizing emergency health services in southern California earlier in his career during the 1970s, in the paramedic program in Pittsburgh, and had a substantial role in the founding of the paramedic programs in Toronto and Nova Scotia , Canada. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the paramedic field continued to evolve, with
15604-453: The allied health professional team including Doctors, Nurses, physician Associates, Physiotherapists, Associate Physicians, Health Care Assistant and Clinical Pharmacists. Paramedic Practitioners also undertake examinations modelled upon the MRCGP (a combination of applied knowledge exams, clinical skills and work place based assessment) in order to use the title "specialist". There are also now
15792-904: The emergency medical technician , with paramedics often being at a higher grade with more responsibility and autonomy following substantially greater education and training. The primary role of a paramedic is to stabilize people with life-threatening injuries and transport these patients to a higher level of care (typically an emergency department). Due to the nature of their job, paramedics work in many environments, including roadways, people's homes, and depending on their qualifications, wilderness environments, hospitals, aircraft, and with SWAT teams during police operations. Paramedics also work in non-emergency situations, such as transporting chronically ill patients to and from treatment centers and in some areas, address social determinants of health and provide in-home care to ill patients at risk of hospitalization (a practice known as community paramedicine ). The role of
15980-525: The military . The majority of paramedics are employed by the emergency medical service for their area, although this employer could itself be working under a number of models, including a specific autonomous public ambulance service, a fire department, a hospital based service, or a private company working under contract. In Washington , firefighters have been offered free paramedic training. There are also many paramedics who volunteer for backcountry or wilderness rescue teams, and small town rescue squads. In
16168-404: The series five episode "Penalty", originally broadcast on 7 September 1990. Robinson was cast in 1990 and was surprised to receive a call for the role. Ash is characterised as a man of principle with high aspirations and a caring nature. He is well-respected in the department, where he also serves as the union representative. The character was used to explore the topic of racism in series nine ,
16356-418: The thirty-fourth series , in an episode originally broadcast on 28 December 2019. The character was first previewed in a show trailer, released on 5 December 2019, and Mitchell confirmed her casting on Twitter , where she expressed her excitement at joining the cast. Faith is described as an "efficient" advanced clinical practitioner (ACP) who impresses clinical lead Dylan Keogh ( William Beck ). The character
16544-490: The thirty-third series , in an episode originally broadcast on 27 July 2019. The character and Sallés' casting details were first announced on 31 May 2019. Rosa is billed as an "outspoken and confident" hospital porter from a Venezuelan background. Sallés described Rosa as "solitary", "fabulous [and] strong", and "a passionate, spirited lady, who's full of energy". and explained that Rosa is not afraid to speak her mind and gets involved in situations that do not concern her. She
16732-412: The "youngish male nurse" gap left by Jamie Collier following actor Daniel Anthony 's decision to leave. Mead had previously appeared on the show in its twenty-sixth series as a patient and found it an honour to be invited back. Lofty was originally a staff nurse but was promoted to senior staff nurse in 2016. The character was specifically written for Mead, which helped the writing team when writing for
16920-486: The BBC announced the production of a new spin-off drama from Casualty , titled HolbyBlue . The series centered on the police service in Holby South and aired on BBC One , with its first series occupying a Tuesday night slot, while Holby City returned to its previous Thursday 8:00 pm timeslot. The crossover between the two shows was significant, with long-running Casualty character Charlie Fairhead appearing in
17108-622: The Controller of Drama, who then commissioned the crossovers with input from both shows' executive producers. Filming for Casualty@Holby City episodes is typically split between Casualty 's Bristol set and Holby City 's Elstree studios. Notably, a significant portion of the Christmas 2005 crossover was filmed on location in a road tunnel in Caernarfon , Wales . The theme tune for the crossover episodes combines shortened versions of
17296-403: The United Kingdom on 6 September 1986. The show was originally produced by Geraint Morris and has been a staple of British television ever since. Casualty is recognised as the longest-running primetime medical drama series in the world. Initially, Casualty aired during the autumn for its first six series, before increasing to 24 episodes annually by 1992. In the late 1990s and early 2000s,
17484-660: The United States' first EKG telemetry transmission to a hospital and then in 1968, a functional paramedic program in conjunction with the City of Miami Fire Department. In 1969, the City of Columbus Fire Department joined with the Ohio State University Medical Center to develop the "HEARTMOBILE" paramedic program under the medical direction of James Warren, MD and Richard Lewis, MD. In 1969, the Haywood County (NC) Volunteer Rescue Squad developed
17672-461: The ambulance so he can take Emilie to the seaside. Jez then spends the rest of the day trying to impress Iain with his banter whilst they search for a lift back to the hospital. Jez finally wins Iain over and they receive a lift back to the hospital. Jez installs a basketball hoop in the ambulance bay and befriends Max Walker ( Jamie Davis ), who often spends time playing basketball with Jez. Max and Robyn Miller ( Amanda Henderson ) then begin renting
17860-615: The authority of the National Health Service and there is now a significant standardization of training and skills. The UK model has three levels of ambulance staff. In increasing order of clinical skill these are: emergency care assistants , emergency medical technicians , and paramedics. Today, university qualifications are expected for paramedics, with the current entry level being a Bachelor of Science degree in Pre-Hospital Care or Paramedic Science. As
18048-458: The back and neck, and injuries are most prevalent while responding to 911 calls, which include patient care and transport. These injuries are prevalent but not impossible to overcome; they require preventive measures to minimize the chance of them happening. Safe lifting techniques and patient-handling equipment are major factors in reducing paramedics’ physical injury risk. Workers with less than 10 years’ experience are most at risk, pointing to
18236-469: The battlefield during the war the concept spread rapidly to civilian systems. In terms of advanced skills, once again the military led the way. During World War II and the Korean War battlefield medics administered painkilling narcotics by injection in emergency situations, and pharmacists' mates on warships were permitted to do even more without the guidance of a physician. The Korean War also marked
18424-404: The battlefield to their own communities, and commenced the creation of volunteer life-saving squads and ambulance corps. These early developments in formalized ambulance services were decided at local levels, and this led to services being provided by diverse operators such as the local hospital, police, fire brigade, or even funeral directors who often possessed the only local transport allowing
18612-408: The brilliant Michael Obiora, who viewers will probably know from Hotel Babylon , EastEnders and Grange Hill . He's phenomenal." In 2012, producer Nikki Harris spoke to Inside Soap about whether Lloyd was going to have a relationship with Scarlett. She said, "I couldn't possibly say yet - just keep watching! What's interesting about the pair of characters is the question of identity. Lloyd
18800-590: The careers of more future stars than any other UK soap or drama series. Actors such as Kate Winslet , Orlando Bloom , Jodie Comer , Minnie Driver , Alfred Molina , Christopher Eccleston , Tom Hiddleston , Ashley Artus, Parminder Nagra , Caryn Edwards, Sadie Frost , Ray Winstone , David Walliams , Jonny Lee Miller , Martin Freeman , Helen Baxendale , Robson Green , and Brenda Fricker . made appearances before achieving wider success. Winslet, reflecting on her 1993 appearance, stated that appearing on Casualty
18988-453: The cast and looked forward to playing Matthew's devotion to his patients, something which he liked. Preece praised Okerafor for his talent, describing him as "handsome and debonair, sensitive and steadfast, [and] passionate and unpredictable". She added that his "beautifully layered performance" would develop the character further than being a "classic romantic leading man". Rida Amaan , portrayed by Sarah Seggari , made her debut appearance in
19176-444: The character. Mead opted to take a sabbatical from the show in 2015. On-screen, while the character was left running the ED, agency nurse Diane Stuart (Catherine Skinner) died and consequently, Lofty left Holby. The character departed in the series thirty episode "High Tide", broadcast on 12 March 2016. It was announced in February 2017 that the character would be reintroduced to Casualty 's sister show, Holby City , working as
19364-437: The community along with affordability. There were also large differences between localities in the amount and type of training required, and how it would be provided. This ranged from in-service training in local systems, through community colleges, and up to university level education. This emphasis on increasing qualifications has followed the progression of other health professions such as nursing , which also progressed from on
19552-418: The compartment, creating a health hazard for paramedics when transporting sick patients capable of airborne transmission. Unidirectional airflow design can better protect workers. To further safeguard paramedics, incorporating evidence-based strategies for managing chemical exposures and environmental risks is crucial. Agencies such as OSHA , WHO and NIOSH offer comprehensive guidelines that highlight
19740-405: The development of modern A&E departments. Based on historical hospital records and news reports, the drama depicted the medical practices and societal conditions of the time. Following its success, a three-episode miniseries titled Casualty 1907 was broadcast in 2008. While not a direct spin-off nor set in the same fictional location as Casualty , The Times suggested that the BBC leveraged
19928-513: The doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General. It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with ten main characters in its first series , including the longest-serving character Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson ). They have all since left the series. Many main characters have been written in and out of the series since. In addition, Casualty features guest stars each week, as well as recurring guests that take part in story arcs that span
20116-435: The drama until October 2019 and enjoyed working on the show, hoping that her contract would be extended. Series producer Lucy Raffety told Elaine Reilly of What's on TV that Rosa would feature in an "interesting story" with established character David Hide ( Jason Durr ). It was later confirmed that Rosa is a love interest for David. When Rosa arrives, she irritates her colleagues and patients by giving her opinion when it
20304-430: The early days medical control and oversight was direct and immediate, with paramedics calling into a local hospital and receiving orders for every individual procedure or drug. While this still occurs in some jurisdictions, it has become increasingly rare. Day-to-day operations largely moved from direct and immediate medical control to pre-written protocols or standing orders, with the paramedic typically seeking advice after
20492-403: The end of series 26. In an interview with Digital Spy in 2011, producer Oliver Kent announced the casting of Michael Obiora as Lloyd Asike. Obiora's casting was announced at the same time as Scarlett Conway (Madeleine Mantock). He said, "We're bringing in two new nurses at the start of the new series - Lloyd Asike and Scarlett Conway. We're very excited about the castings. Lloyd is played by
20680-640: The environment in which they will work. Some early examples of this involved aviation medicine and the use of helicopters , and the transfer of critical care patients between facilities. While some jurisdictions still use physicians, nurses, and technicians for transporting patients, increasingly this role falls to specialized senior and experienced paramedics. Other areas of specialization include such roles as tactical paramedics working in police units, marine paramedics, hazardous materials ( Hazmat ) teams, Heavy Urban Search and Rescue , and paramedics on offshore oil platforms , oil and mineral exploration teams, and in
20868-457: The episode count expanded further, and by 2004, the series was running 48 episodes a year, with breaks around Christmas and major events like sporting competitions and the Eurovision Song Contest . In 2020, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on television led to a temporary autumn break, but the series resumed its year-round schedule in the following two years. From 2023, Casualty introduced
21056-526: The fictional Holby City Hospital, located in the fictional county of Wyvern in the southwest of England. From the show's inception until Series 26 , episode 16 , exterior shots of the city were filmed in Bristol , featuring iconic landmarks such as the floating harbour and Clifton Suspension Bridge . Allen House, part of the Ashley Down Centre campus at City of Bristol College , served as
21244-484: The first episode of HolbyBlue , and a full two-part crossover episode with Holby City airing at the start of the show's second series. However, on 6 August 2008, the BBC confirmed that HolbyBlue had been cancelled after two series. In December 2006, the BBC aired Casualty 1906 , a historical medical drama reflecting life in the 'Receiving Room' of the Royal London Hospital 100 years prior, before
21432-534: The first widespread use of helicopters to evacuate the wounded from forward positions to medical units, leading to the rise of the term " medevac ". These innovations would not find their way into the civilian sphere for nearly twenty more years. By the early 1960s experiments in improving medical care had begun in some civilian centres. One early experiment involved the provision of pre-hospital cardiac care by physicians in Belfast , Northern Ireland, in 1966. This
21620-677: The following ways: a three-year degree in Emergency Medicine (B.EMS), a year and three months IDF training, or MADA training. Paramedics manage and provide medical guidelines in mass casualty incidents . They operate in MED evac and ambulances. They are legalized under the 1976 Doctors Ordinance (Decree). In a 2016 study at the Ben Gurion University of the Negev it was found that 73% of trained paramedics stop working within
21808-514: The form of environmental and operational risks , primarily during transportation. These transportation-related hazards should be considered and addressed in prehospital care . Slips, trips, and falls; motor vehicle incidents ; and violence or assaults have huge impact on paramedics' occupational hazards , resulting to thousands of paramedics impacted annually. Vehicle safety features need to be known by paramedics, and so must undergo exhaustive emergency driving training, which looks into curbing
21996-472: The formation of services across the US. Many other countries also followed suit, and paramedic units formed around the world. In the military, however, the required telemetry and miniaturization technologies were more advanced, particularly due to initiatives such as the space program . It would take several more years before these technologies drifted through to civilian applications. In North America, physicians were judged to be too expensive to be used in
22184-407: The general population. Stable support systems that may include peer counselling and the availability of mental health resources become essential in building the resilience of paramedic professionals. Peer counselling programs appear to be an effective stress management strategy for paramedics. Taking part in open discussions with other peers who understand what the employee is going through determines
22372-622: The girl is harassing him. When the truth is revealed about the abuse, the stepfather drags the girl out the ED, but Mac steps in and bravely takes a beating in order to protect her. Mac then confesses that he stole drugs and when Rita informs him he will be suspended, Mac decides to resign. He then says goodbye to his colleagues and leaves. Before he leaves, he attends a NA meeting with Charlie, where he relays his story and thanks Charlie for what he did, before leaving Holby. Sah Brockner , played by Arin Smethurst, first appeared on 9 October 2021. Sah
22560-452: The guidelines and recommendations offered by NIOSH and OSHA , targeting the healthcare industry especially. These include properly using PPE , handling hazardous substances, and adequately managing workplace violence . Moreover, the WHO provides global views by laying international standards to protect the well-being of the staff involved in the healthcare provided, irrespective of whether it
22748-435: The hospital he's slowly discovering it." Mac has a budding friendship with Noel Garcia ( Tony Marshall ) and Louise Tyler (Azuka Oforka). When paramedic Dixie Dixon ( Jane Hazlegrove ) mentioned to Louise and Mac that they were looking for a new Emergency Care Assistant, Mac showed interest and Louise completed an application on Mac's behalf. Mac was given the job and spent a day training Max Walker ( Jamie Davis ) to be
22936-401: The hospital to give Jez his ID which he had left behind, leading Elle to find out about them sleeping together. Although angry at first, Elle eventually calms down and tells Jez to use the front door next time he wants to stay over. When Roy Ellisson is brought into the ED following a fight, he abuses Jez in the ambulance for being black and "queer". Jez later reveals that he knows the man Roy
23124-412: The impression they belonged to Charlie. Charlie keeps his promise and is suspended, leaving Mac feeling guilty and Elle ostracised from the staff. Noel informs Mac that he knows they were Mac's drugs and orders him to tell the truth, but he avoids doing so. Mac has a terrible day which sees him treat a girl who he discovers is being abused by her stepfather. The stepfather plays the victim by claiming that
23312-532: The integration of safety protocols, technological advancements, and procedural innovations to enhance paramedic safety and well-being. Paramedics are widely recognized to face high risks of physical injuries in their line of work. More than 22,000 EMS providers visit the emergency room each year for work-related injuries. Some physical injuries encountered when providing healthcare services include lifting injuries, back strains , and needlestick incidences. Injuries such as sprains and strains mostly occur in
23500-422: The introduction of his teenage daughter Ella Ashford ( Tahirah Sharif ), bullying junior doctor Lily Chao ( Crystal Yu ), and a friendship with Rita Freeman ( Chloe Howman ). Ash was written out of the show off-screen in 2015, making his final appearance in the series 29 episode "Solomon's Song", originally broadcast on 13 December 2014. The character received a positive reception from television critics, with
23688-459: The job training to university level qualifications. The variations in educational approaches and standards required for paramedics has led to large differences in the required qualifications between locations—both within individual countries and from country to country. Within the UK training is a three-year course equivalent to a bachelor's degree . Comparisons have been made between Paramedics and nurses; with nurses now requiring degree entry (BSc)
23876-412: The knowledge deficit is large between the two fields. This has led to many countries passing laws to protect the title of "paramedic" (or its local equivalent) from use by anyone except those qualified and experienced to a defined standard. This usually means that paramedics must be registered with the appropriate body in their country; for example all paramedics in the United Kingdom must by registered with
24064-625: The less controlled pre-hospital environment. Physicians began to take more interest in paramedics from a research perspective as well. By about 1990, the fluctuating trends began to diminish, being replaced by outcomes-based research. This research then drove further evolution of the practice of both paramedics and the emergency physicians who oversaw their work, with changes to procedures and protocols occurring only after significant research demonstrated their need and effectiveness (an example being ALS ). Such changes affected everything from simple procedures such as CPR , to changes in drug protocols. As
24252-401: The local level, and were based upon the preferences of physician advisers and medical directors. Recommended treatments would change regularly, often changing more like a fashion than a scientific discipline. Associated technologies also rapidly evolved and changed, with medical equipment manufacturers having to adapt equipment that worked inadequately outside of hospitals, to be able to cope with
24440-460: The location for most exterior shots of the hospital's A&E entrance from 1986 until 2002. In 2002, a new exterior set was constructed at Lawrence Hill Industrial Park, Bristol. Casualty 's exterior shots were mainly filmed outside Brunel House and Allen House on College Road in Bristol until production moved in 2011 to Roath Lock Studios in Cardiff . Episode 16 of Series 26, which depicted
24628-407: The logistical challenges of producing crossovers, given the demanding year-round filming schedules for both series. Despite this, the production teams remained enthusiastic about creating further crossovers, with Casualty producer Oliver Kent reiterating in 2010 that logistical challenges, rather than a lack of interest, were the primary obstacle to producing these special episodes. In April 2006,
24816-1597: The medical and ancillary staff at Holby City Hospital's emergency department . The show features an ensemble cast , which originally included 10 main characters in Series 1 . These characters were consultant Ewart Plimmer ( Bernard Gallagher ), senior house officer Baz Samuels ( Julia Watson ), charge nurse Charlie Fairhead ( Derek Thompson ), staff nurse Clive King ( George Harris ), state enrolled nurse Megan Roach ( Brenda Fricker ), student nurse Lisa "Duffy" Duffin ( Cathy Shipton ), paramedics Sandra Mute and Andrew Ponting ( Lisa Bowerman and Robert Pugh ), receptionist Susie Mercier (Debbie Roza) and porter Kuba Trzcinski (Christopher Rozycki). The current regular cast includes clinical lead Siobhan McKenzie ( Melanie Hill ), consultants Dylan Keogh ( William Beck ) and Stevie Nash ( Elinor Lawless ); clinical fellow Rash Masum ( Neet Mohan ); trainee doctors Tariq Hussein (Manpreet Bachu) and Nicole Piper ( Sammy T. Dobson ), advanced clinical practitioner Faith Cadogan ( Kirsty Mitchell ); psychiatric liaison nurse Sophia Peters ( Kellie Shirley ), nurses Rida Amaan ( Sarah Seggari ), Cameron Mickelthwaite ( Barney Walsh ), Jodie Whyte ( Anna Chell ), and Ngozi Okoye (Adesuwa Oni). Operational duty manager Jan Jenning ( Di Botcher ), paramedics Iain Dean (Michael Stevenson), Teddy Gowan (Milo Clarke) and Jacob Masters ( Charles Venn ) also feature prominently. A survey by Radio Times in March 2004 found that Casualty has launched
25004-476: The necessary supportive grounds that facilitate managing and processing feelings related to this work. The long-term health risks that need to be observed by the paramedics are Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) , cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) , and cancer risk. There are a variety of challenges paramedics encounter, including PTSD , which should provide a compelling reason to implement preventive mental health measures within this profession. Moreover, there
25192-428: The need for science-based methods in preventing the occupational risks posed by infectious diseases with a foregrounding of the role of preventative measures geared towards protecting the health of paramedic professionals and, at the same time, the community. Paramedics encounter daily risks associated with handling hazardous chemicals . As a result, they must understand how to deliver care safely to remain protected in
25380-529: The need for targeted prevention strategies for newer employees. By employing the proposed measures to reduce physical injuries, it will be possible to mitigate the hazards faced by paramedics, to help paramedics stay safe while rendering the most needed services. The risk of contracting infectious diseases is common in the paramedic profession. The COVID-19 pandemic strengthens the necessity of following safety protocols. Preventive measures for healthcare workers from needlestick injuries and infectious disease
25568-458: The options in the standing orders had been exhausted. While the evolution of paramedicine described above is focused largely on the US, many other countries followed a similar pattern, although often with significant variations. Canada, for example, attempted a pilot paramedic training program at Queen's University , Kingston, Ontario , in 1972. The program, which intended to upgrade the then mandatory 160 hours of training for ambulance attendants,
25756-415: The paramedic directly refers a patient to specialist services without taking them to hospital. Paramedics are exposed to a variety of hazards such as lifting patients and equipment, treating those with infectious disease, handling hazardous substances, and transportation via ground or air vehicles. Employers can prevent occupational illness or injury by providing safe patient handling equipment, implementing
25944-431: The past all his life." Describing Mac's personality, Dale appraised that Mac is "deeply introverted" and struggles to accept that his colleagues actually like him. He explained that although Mac occasionally acts pompously, this approach is "a mask that he puts on to keep people at distance when he gets afraid or embarrassed". He expanded that Mac has: "been scared to go out and he's terrified of life. But because of people in
26132-433: The pharmacy reports a stock inconsistency, the suspicion of theft is raised and Mac is unable to complete Mercedes' demands, causing him to feel trapped. He tearfully confesses everything to Noel, who promises to support him and scares Mercedes away from Mac, reminding her that she risks the custody of her child (Toby Murray). Mac is recommended to a support group, but he is too ashamed to attend and quickly re-offends, stealing
26320-562: The popularity of Casualty to introduce the historical drama, a sentiment echoed by The Guardian . A third series, Casualty 1908 , featuring Cherie Lunghi , was also commissioned. On 25 March 2009, it was announced that the BBC would produce Casualty 1909 , a six-part series that aired in June and July 2009. Paramedic A paramedic is a healthcare professional trained in the medical model, whose main role has historically been to respond to emergency calls for medical help outside of
26508-545: The pre-hospital setting, although such initiatives were implemented, and sometimes still operate, in European countries and Latin America . While doing background research at Los Angeles' UCLA Harbor Medical Center for a proposed new show about doctors, television producer Robert A. Cinader , working for Jack Webb , happened to encounter "firemen who spoke like doctors and worked with them". This concept developed into
26696-579: The premiere of Series 33 , filming took place in Bristol and Yate in May 2018. Casualty has predominantly been broadcast on Saturday nights since its inception, although it briefly aired on Fridays during the late 1980s and early 1990s. The first two series featured 15 episodes each, while Series 3 had 10 episodes—one of which was postponed following the death of guest star Roy Kinnear . Series 4 , 5 , and 6 consisted of 12, 13, and 15 episodes, respectively. The Series 6 finale episode, which centered around
26884-487: The profession grew, some paramedics went on to become not just research participants, but researchers in their own right, with their own projects and journal publications. In 2010, the American Board of Emergency Medicine created a medical subspecialty for physicians who work in emergency medical services. Changes in procedures also included the manner in which the work of paramedics was overseen and managed. In
27072-622: The provisions that are the peril of transportation. Paramedics are frequently assaulted by patients or bystanders affecting around 2,000 EMS workers annually, which further hammers the need for training on de-escalation. NIOSH and the Department of Homeland Security have conducted ambulance crash testing, resulting in the development of 10 test methods published by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) to reduce and eliminate crash-related injuries to EMS workers. Through effective training,
27260-448: The quirkiest way possible." She assessed that Alice was initially nervous of the relationship as: "She's very naive, quite like a little girl in many ways. She's never had a proper relationship and is still a virgin. Curtis knows all this about her and is very careful with her as a result." When Curtis is targeted by a local gang leader, Tony, he breaks up with Alice to protect her, as Tony threatens to kill her. When they later reunite, Alice
27448-469: The role for the two-part series 12 finale in 1998, with Ash acting as best man at Charlie Fairhead's (Derek Thompson) wedding. The character's reintroduction was announced in 2013, fifteen years since his last appearance; he returns in the series twenty-seven episode "If Not for You", originally broadcast on 9 February 2013. Ash becomes the department's new consultant, having retrained in America. The character's stories following his reintroduction included
27636-490: The role of Cardiothoracic Consultant and Clinical Lead of Holby's Darwin Cardiothoracic Ward. Connie later went on to become Director of Surgery and medical director of Holby City Hospital. During this period, she appeared in the first two crossovers between Casualty and Holby City , featuring the casts of both shows, and made a guest appearance in the Casualty episode shown 9 September 2007. She departed from
27824-407: The role of consultant, before Nathan claimed there was no funding to pay her post. It was revealed that when her husband, Steve, had been sentenced to jail, she had told her children that he had died. When they discovered the truth and he was subsequently released, she allowed them to travel abroad with him to Malaysia. Paramedic Josh Griffiths was her lodger before his departure; however, she has
28012-704: The role of ward sister, but was later reinstated. Tess continued in the role until January 2015 when she resigned to help set up a new health centre as a secondment , returning as a ward sister shortly after. Packer chose to leave the role in 2015, with Tess departing on 22 August 2015. Tess left Holby to live in Leeds with her son and grandson. Packer reprised her role for the 30th anniversary episode " Too Old for This Shift ", which aired in August 2016. Constance " Connie " Beauchamp , played by Amanda Mealing , originally appeared in Casualty's spin off show, Holby City , in
28200-549: The same country or state. For instance, in Canada, the province of British Columbia operates a province-wide service (the British Columbia Ambulance Service ) whereas in Ontario , the service is provided by each municipality, either as a distinct service, linked to the fire service , or contracted out to a third party. While there are varying degrees of training and expectations around the world,
28388-529: The same time in Alberta and British Columbia , with other Canadian provinces gradually following, but with their own education and certification requirements. Advanced Care Paramedics were not introduced until 1984, when Toronto trained its first group internally, before the process spread across the country. By 2010 the Ontario system involved a two-year community college based program, including both hospital and field clinical components, prior to designation as
28576-455: The scene for comedic purposes or to explore their characters further. The actress appreciated how producers would allow them to do this. Sallés explained that Rosa and David would eventually become close as he is drawn to her honesty, practicality, as well as how she "cuts to the chase [and] grounds him". On Rosa's introduction, Reilly ( What's on TV ) believed that the character defied the traditional Casualty introduction of "their first day on
28764-482: The series as a receptionist and she later trained as a healthcare assistant. Grey chose to leave the series in 2010 and departed on 1 May 2010. It was announced on 16 August 2016 that Alice would guest appear in the show on 27 August 2016 for the show's thirtieth anniversary celebrations. It was announced on 3 February 2006 that Grey had been cast in the role. She said of her casting: "I'm really excited to be working with such skilled and talented actors on Casualty . It's
28952-465: The series thirty-seven episode "Welcome to the Warzone", broadcast on 8 April 2023. The character and Seggari's casting was confirmed alongside a new cohort of nurses being introduced to the programme on 23 March 2023. Paige Allcott , portrayed by Shalisha James-Davis, first appears in the thirty-sixth series , in an episode originally broadcast on 8 January 2022. The character and James-Davis' casting
29140-572: The series, Sam himself leaves to travel in Thailand . Alice kisses him before his departure, confessing her love for him. Alice began a relationship with paramedic Curtis Cooper, which Grey described as "a bit of a slow burn", commenting: "They've been tiptoeing around each other for a while because they both have their own issues - Alice is a nervous character and very shy, while Curtis has a past, which he tries to keep back. Although they find it difficult to communicate they get on well and hit it off in
29328-602: The service provision. They need to remain cautious for them to stay safe in the process of providing care. There are numerous associated risks from chemical exposures in prehospital settings. The use of PPE and standard precautions are necessary to prevent harmful exposures for paramedics. Desirable implementation of the ordered processing of hazardous material and the proper decontamination process are effective strategies in combating hazard risk. Such steps are necessary to ensure fewer cases of health hazards to paramedics. Paramedics are confronted with many challenges exhibited in
29516-433: The shock and stress of the coroners court, where she was framed by Marilyn. Maggie returned on 28 March 2009, in series 23 episode 31, for Kelsey Phillips ' leaving party. She returned again for one episode in March 2015. Casualty (TV series) Casualty (stylised as CASUAL+Y since 1997) is a British medical drama series broadcast on BBC One . Created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin , it first aired in
29704-460: The show in its thirteenth series , resigning from her post. Her return was announced on 23 July 2013 and she arrived in Casualty on 29 March 2014. Mackenzie " Big Mac " Chalker , played by Charles Dale , first appeared on 24 November 2007. He was a porter until October 2013, when he applied to become an emergency care assistant . However, he quit this role in November 2014 and applied to be
29892-401: The show's production move from Bristol to Cardiff . Series 27 saw an increase to 44 episodes, with Series 28 returning to 48 episodes. The 1,000th episode aired on 25 June 2016, followed by a feature-length 30th anniversary episode on 27 August 2016 as the Series 31 premiere . For the Series 31 finale , co-creator Paul Unwin wrote a special episode filmed entirely in one take using
30080-587: The sick and dying as far back as the bubonic plague in London between 1598 and 1665, such arrangements were typically ad hoc and temporary. In time, however, these arrangements began to formalize and become permanent. During the American Civil War , Jonathan Letterman devised a system of mobile field hospitals employing the first uses of the principles of triage . After returning home, some veterans began to attempt to apply what had they had seen on
30268-477: The specific case of an ambulance service being maintained by a fire department, paramedics and EMTs may be required to maintain firefighting and rescue skills as well as medical skills, and vice versa. In some instances, such as Los Angeles County , a fire department may provide emergency medical services, but as a rapid response or rescue unit rather than a transport ambulance. The provision of municipal ambulance services and paramedics, can vary by area, even within
30456-469: The states were advised to either adopt these standards into state laws or risk a reduction in Federal highway safety funding. The "White Paper" also prompted the inception of a number of emergency medical service (EMS) pilot units across the US including paramedic programs. The success of these units led to a rapid transition to make them fully operational. Founded in 1967, Freedom House Ambulance Service
30644-445: The struggle is tossed over a second floor balcony, leaving him badly injured. Denise arrives and disowns Mickey, and Scott later dies. The 'shot-in-one-take' episode "One" opens with Jez bravely dragging a Korean woman from a burning building. He finds out that her baby was left behind in the building, which leaves him devastated. This event completely shatters Jez's confidence and he begins to take sick days from work. He freezes up when
30832-421: The television series Emergency! , which ran from 1972 to 1977, portraying the exploits of this new profession called paramedics. The show gained popularity with emergency services personnel, the medical community, and the general public. When the show first aired in 1972, there were just six paramedic units operating in three pilot programs in the whole of the US, and the term paramedic was essentially unknown. By
31020-399: The term is sometimes used informally to refer to any ambulance personnel. In some English-speaking countries, there is an official distinction between paramedics and emergency medical technicians (or emergency care assistants ), in which paramedics have additional educational requirements and scope of practice. The paramedic role is closely related to other healthcare positions, especially
31208-576: The third series being released to coincide with the show's 20th anniversary celebrations. In Australia, the first series was made available by Umbrella Entertainment. Currently, there are no plans for future DVD releases in either the UK or Australia. Irish viewers can stream Casualty on the free RTÉ Player service. In the United States, the series is available on Britbox , a subscription-based streaming service that specializes in British television content. Holby City premiered on 12 January 1999 as
31396-706: The threat cases are more likely to be mitigated, and the paramedics will have a better chance to provide services as required. One way of ensuring paramedics work at optimal efficiency is to provide them with protective equipment and gear to mitigate the possible risks when executing their duties. PPE keeps paramedics’ occupational risks low. Examples of PPEs include gloves , masks , and gown or specific clothing; they protect workers from physical , biological , and chemical hazards . The different types of PPE include respiratory, eye, face, and hand protection. Under respiratory protection, paramedics can use N95 masks to filter airborne contaminants . Chemical splashes are also
31584-552: The time the program ended in 1977, there were paramedics operating in all fifty states. The show's technical advisor , James O. Page , was a pioneer of paramedicine and responsible for the UCLA paramedic program; he would go on to help establish paramedic programs throughout the US, and was the founding publisher of the Journal of Emergency Medical Services ( JEMS ). The JEMS magazine creation resulted from Page's previous purchase of
31772-440: The title "Paramedic" is legally protected, those utilising must be registered with the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), and in order to qualify for registration you must meet the standards for registration, which include having a degree obtained through an approved course. The change of entry requirements does not affect currently registered Paramedics, some of whom will still only have their entry qualification, but it
31960-462: The two go on a date. He later expresses concerns to Iain that he thinks Louise expects too much after she invites him to an expensive restaurant. He bails on their date, wanting to avoid being embarrassed because he can't afford any of the food and hooks up with a guy. To his horror, Jez wakes up in the young man's bed and discovers that he is Elle's son. He is injured after falling from Elle's drainpipe in his attempt to hide from her. Her son later visits
32148-550: The wards is a baptism of fire". Sue Haasler, writing for the Metro , liked Rosa and predicted that she would be "a wonderful character" that she would enjoy learning more about. Describing the character, she commented, "Rosa is feisty, strong and opinionated, but she has a really warm heart and sees through the masks that people put on." Salles made her final appearance as Rosa in the twenty-seventh episode of series thirty-six , which aired on 19 March 2022. Faith Cadogan , portrayed by Kirsty Mitchell , made her first appearance in
32336-479: The world. The character shares a backstory with established character Fenisha Khatri ( Olivia D'Lima ); she jilted him on their wedding day, something which is explored in his first episode through flashbacks. Loretta Preece, the show's series producer , praised the relationship between Okerafor and D'Lima. Writers used Matthew's introduction to create tension between Fenisha and her love interest, Ethan Hardy ( George Rainsford ). Okerafor expressed his joy at joining
32524-427: The written computer based adaptive testing again (between 90 and 120 questions) every two years. Paramedicine continues to grow and evolve into a formal profession in its own right, complete with its own standards and body of knowledge, and in many locations paramedics have formed their own professional bodies . The early technicians with limited training, performing a small and specific set of procedures, has become
32712-436: The years, notable guest stars have included Eric Sykes , Phill Jupitus , Michael Jayston , Michele Dotrice , Ronni Ancona , Emma Samms , Lee Ryan , Nikki Sanderson , and Johnny Briggs . The series was created by Mal Young and Tony McHale , with McHale later becoming the executive producer from 2007 to 2010. He was succeeded by Casualty 's executive producer, Belinda Campbell. Reflecting Holby City 's origins as
32900-399: Was "delighted" to be invited back to the show, adding that it was "so exciting joining a long-running show" and how "everyone has given me such a warm welcome". To prepare for the role, Tremarco observed a real nurse, who "was incredibly helpful" because she is a "squeamish person". Tremarco described Linda as "a party girl" with an "attitude that she's young free and single". She added that she
33088-486: Was "fun and outgoing", but had "a heart of gold" and would "do anything for anyone." The show introduced Linda's family in 2012, beginning with her "recovering drug addict" sister Denise Andrews (Kate McEvoy) who hasn't had "any contact in years". Of Denise's introduction, producer Nikki Wilson said, "Denise suddenly arrives with two kids in tow, and leaves them with Linda. So party girl Linda finds herself responsible for two children - which will affect her working life in
33276-439: Was "incredibly validating" for them. They explained that prior to their casting, Sah had not been given a queer identity and that their casting in the role led to producers moulding the character around Smethurst's real-life identity. Since Sah was not initially wrote as a non-binary character prior to this, Smethurst found it affirming that Casualty producers were not just "ticking a diversity box". On scenes where Sah's identity
33464-594: Was almost a rite of passage for British actors and taught her valuable lessons in acting naturally in front of the camera. The series has also included guest roles by more established stars such as Marina Sirtis , Norman Wisdom , Amanda Redman , Anita Dobson , Jenny Seagrove , Rula Lenska , Prunella Scales , Celia Imrie , Toyah Willcox , Maureen Lipman , Frances Barber , Andrew Sachs , Russ Abbot , Stephanie Beacham , Honor Blackman , and Michelle Collins . The first three series of Casualty were released on DVD (Region 2, UK) by 2 Entertain /Cinema Club, with
33652-470: Was announced on 29 January 2016, whilst further details were announced on 24 February 2016 with the casting of David Hide ( Jason Durr ) and Elle Gardner ( Jaye Griffiths ). Executive producer Oliver Kent described the three castings as "wonderful" and said their storylines would be "brilliantly vibrant, bold and gripping". Jez is characterised as a "young, ludicrously handsome and very openly bisexual" paramedic . Cheeky, easy-going and full of banter, Jez
33840-441: Was announced that Jez would "fail to impress" Iain with his "cheeky banter and lax attitude" upon his arrival, and would struggle to replace Iain's former colleague, Dixie Dixon ( Jane Hazlegrove ). Kent also revealed that a "big" friendship would be established between Jez and Max Walker ( Jamie Davis ). Everitt had already filmed his first scenes when his casting was announced and revealed that his favourite thing to film had been
34028-401: Was confirmed on 8 January 2022, just hours prior to transmission of her first episode. Paige is introduced as a bartender, who is joining the medical profession, and arrives in the E.D. after having an accident at the bar she worked at, where she handcuffed herself to a customer to stop him from falling over a railing. Paige introduces herself to the team at the E.D. as the new F1 Doctor, and this
34216-446: Was fighting with from bars in town. He tries to support Mickey Ellisson after discovering that he is gay and helps him apologize to the man his father beat up. He encourages Mickey to come out and provides reassurance when Roy rejects him. After his father dies, Mickey goes to see Jez at the ambulance station and the two share a kiss. Jez and Mickey commence a relationship, keeping it a secret from Mickey's family. Mickey participates in
34404-469: Was found to be too costly and premature. The program was abandoned after two years, and it was more than a decade before the legislative authority for its graduates to practice was put into place. An alternative program which provided 1,400 hours of training at the community college level prior to commencing employment was then tried, and made mandatory in 1977, with formal certification examinations being introduced in 1978. Similar programs occurred at roughly
34592-650: Was powered by lead-acid car batteries , and weighed around 45 kilograms (99 lb). In 1966, a report called Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society —commonly known as The White Paper —was published in the United States. This paper presented data showing that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields during the Vietnam War had a better survival rate than people who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on California 's freeways . Key factors contributing to victim survival in transport to definitive care such as
34780-524: Was practically mute to marrying a youth the police claimed used to be 'a serious player'." Alice began to take a 'back-seat' role following the conclusion to her relationship with Curtis, appearing in few scenes per episode with minimal lines. Following the death of Adam Trueman 's ( Tristan Gemmill ) son, he went on a downward spiral and had a one-night stand with Alice. He rejected her the following morning, devastating her. Alice remained concerned about Adam and having been hurt by Adam too many times, she gets
34968-476: Was repeated in Toronto , Canada in 1968 using a single ambulance called Cardiac One , which was staffed by a regular ambulance crew, along with a hospital intern to perform the advanced procedures. While both of these experiments had certain levels of success, the technology had not yet reached a sufficiently advanced level to be fully effective; for example, the Toronto portable defibrillator and heart monitor
35156-430: Was still being written. In the United States, the minimum standards for paramedic training is considered vocational , but many colleges offer paramedic associate degree or bachelor's degree options. Paramedic education programs typically follow the U.S. NHTSA EMS Curriculum, DOT or National Registry of EMTs. While many regionally accredited community colleges offer paramedic programs and two-year associate degrees,
35344-479: Was the first civilian emergency medical service in the United States to be staffed by paramedics , most of whom were Black. New York City's Saint Vincent's Hospital developed the United States' first Mobile Coronary Care Unit (MCCU) under the medical direction of William Grace, MD, and based on Frank Pantridge's MCCU project in Belfast, Northern Ireland. In 1967, Eugene Nagle, MD and Jim Hirschmann, MD helped pioneer
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