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98-570: The Institute for Historical Review and its publishing arm, Noontide Press, were founded in 1978 by the leading organizer of modern American anti-Semitism, Willis Carto , and his wife Elisabeth. Based near Los Angeles in Torrance, California, the group pioneered organizing efforts among Holocaust deniers , who had heretofore labored mostly in isolation and obscurity. The group's first "Revisionist Convention" in September 1979 featured speakers from

196-578: A lynch mob abducted Frank from prison and killed him. Frank was granted a posthumous pardon from Georgia in 1986 after ADL requests. The historian Leonard Dinnerstein writes that until after World War II, the ADL had limited impact, particularly less than the American Jewish Committee (AJC). One of the ADL's early campaigns occurred in the 1920s when it organized a media effort and consumer boycott against The Dearborn Independent ,

294-459: A "blacklist". ADL expressed concern over Israeli legislative proposals requiring that NGOs publicize if they receive funding primarily from non-Israeli governments, a bill mostly opposed by centrist and left-wing and supported by right-wing Jewish American groups. In 2022, the ADL criticized the government formed by Benjamin Netanyahu in his sixth term , which included representatives from

392-718: A "pseudo-academic body based in the United States which is dedicated to denying that the Holocaust happened," while the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette called the IHR a "blatantly anti-Semitic assortment of pseudo-scholars". The Southern Poverty Law Center lists the IHR as a hate group . In an article for The Jewish Chronicle , British writer Oliver Kamm , described the IHR as being "a pseudo-scholarly body". The British Holocaust denier David Irving delivered

490-477: A "threat assessment" report on a Black Indianapolis activist who worked with the Deadly Exchange campaign in opposition to exchange programs between American and Israeli police. The email contained a photo and personal information about the activist. The ADL employee who shared the email with The Guardian said that "threat assessments" are conducted regularly by the ADL and that many staff members opposed

588-519: A Jewish service organization , in the wake of the contentious murder conviction of Leo Frank . ADL subsequently split from B'nai B'rith and continued as an independent US section 501(c)(3) nonprofit . In an early campaign, ADL and allied groups pressured the automaker Henry Ford , who had published virulently antisemitic propaganda. In the 1930s, ADL worked with the American Jewish Committee (AJC) to oppose pro-Nazi activity in

686-470: A campaign criticizing Morningstar, Inc. ), a campaign the ADL collaborated on prior to the 2020 acquisition. The ADL said it would contribute funding to JLens. The ADL tracked rapid growth in hate speech and harassment on Twitter after Elon Musk bought the social network in 2022. In early September 2023, Musk liked and replied to a tweet by the Irish white nationalist Keith Woods that called for banning

784-591: A defamation trial, a case it won in 1984. Other cases were dismissed before reaching trial. The ADL appealed the case to a superior court, which upheld the verdict, and the Supreme Court ultimately declined to take the case. The ADL paid the original $ 10 million plus interest in 2004. In 2003, the ADL opposed an advertising campaign by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) called "Holocaust on Your Plate" that compared animals killed in

882-533: A firebomb attack in July 1984, by members of the Jewish Defense League , a far-right Jewish terrorist organization. The culprits were not implicated for the attack until 2002, when an imprisoned member of the group claimed responsibility. No one was charged for the bombing. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shooter James von Brunn was a former employee of the group. This article about

980-463: A firebomb destroyed the institute's offices and warehouse. Thousands of books, cassette tapes, pamphlets, and 90% of its inventory were lost. Carto had not insured the facilities or stock. In 1996, IHR won a $ 6,430,000 judgment in a lawsuit against Carto in which IHR alleged that Carto embezzled $ 7.5 million that had been left to Legion for the Survival of Freedom, the parent corporation of IHR, from

1078-490: A former Silicon Valley tech executive and former Obama administration official who had not operated within the Jewish communal organization world prior to his hiring, would succeed Abraham Foxman as national director in July 2015. Foxman had served as national director since 1987. The ADL board of directors renewed Greenblatt's contract as CEO and national director in fall 2020 for a second five-year term. The national chair of

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1176-578: A fund that funds inter-community relationship projects, and cover the plaintiffs' legal costs of $ 175,000. It settled with three remaining plaintiffs in 2002 for $ 178,000. In 1994, ADL became involved in a dispute between neighbors in Denver, Colorado. The Aronson family reported this dispute to the ADL, which involved the Quigley family making antisemitic comments. The ADL advised the Aronsons to record

1274-732: A leaked list of members of Oath Keepers , an American far-right, anti-government militia. Of 38,000 names on that list, the ADL identified "at least 373 Oath Keepers currently serving in law enforcement", plus 117 active duty military, and 1,100 former law enforcement officers. In November 2022, ADL acquired JLens, a pro-Israel advocacy group started in 2012 which campaigns against incentives for economic disengagement with Israel in environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) investing guidelines. JLens publishes company rankings based on participation in boycotts of Israel and publishes guidelines on investing used by around 30 Jewish companies with portfolios totaling around $ 200 million. JLens launched

1372-674: A letter to Leigh Novog of the advertising department of The Nation . The IHR published the Journal of Historical Review , which its critics – including the Anti-Defamation League , the Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, and other scholars, such as Robert Hanyok, a National Security Agency historian – accused of being pseudo-scientific . Hanyok described IHR as "a well-known forum for that faction of scholars and researchers associated with

1470-894: A list of the "ten leading organizations responsible for maligning Israel in the US," which has included ANSWER , the International Solidarity Movement , and Jewish Voice for Peace for its call for BDS. The ADL published a similar list in 2013. Alongside similar statements from StandWithUs and American Jewish Committee representatives, Greenblatt condemned the United Nations Human Rights Council 's (UNHRC) list of companies doing business with Jewish settlements in Israeli-occupied territories, issued in February 2020, calling it

1568-487: A month. Subsequently, in September 2020, the campaign organized celebrity supporters including Sacha Baron Cohen , Kim Kardashian , and Mark Ruffalo . In 2020, the ADL trained staff to edit Misplaced Pages pages, but after the project caused Misplaced Pages editors to criticize this as a conflict of interest , the ADL said it suspended the project in April 2021. At the time, the ADL was considered a reliable source on Misplaced Pages, and

1666-444: A movement known as 'Holocaust denial'". Jonathan Petropoulos wrote on The History Teacher that the "[journal] is shockingly racist and antisemitic: articles on 'America's Failed Racial Policy' and anti-Israel pieces accompany those about gas chambers... They clearly have no business claiming to be a continuation of the revisionist tradition, and should be referred to as 'Holocaust Deniers'." The journal commenced publication in

1764-612: A planned IHR meeting in the country, called its members "loathsome pseudo-historians" and the institute itself an "international hate group." The paper reported "one former PLO official [stating], ' with friends like that, we don't need enemies '." With the help of the anti-Israeli Jordanian Writers Association, an alternative event was held with the theme "What happened to the Revisionist Historians' Conference in Beirut?" The "Holocaust revisionist" arguments published by

1862-468: A publication published by American automobile industrialist Henry Ford . The publication contained virulently antisemitic articles and quoted heavily from The Protocols of the Elders of Zion , an antisemitic hoax. The ADL and allied organizations pressured Ford until he issued an apology in 1927. In 1933 the ADL moved offices to Chicago and Richard E. Gutstadt became director of national activities. With

1960-411: A publishing company is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Institute for Historical Review The Institute for Historical Review ( IHR ) is a United States–based nonprofit organization which promotes Holocaust denial . It is considered by many scholars to be central to the international Holocaust denial movement. Self-described as a " historical revisionist " organization,

2058-522: A speech to the organisation's congress in 1983. Irving returned to speak at IHR conferences on at least four more occasions, in 1989, 1990, 1992, and 1994. Issa Nakhleh, an attorney who has served as U.N. Observer of the Arab Higher Committee for Palestine, who already in 1972 openly denied the Holocaust, and, "who, during the 1960s and early 1970s, was associated with Gerald L.K. Smith (writing for Smith’s publication, The Cross and

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2156-434: A survey in 2019 exploring online harassment in video games. It found that the majority of surveyed players experienced severe harassment of some kind, and the ADL recommended increased content moderation from game companies and governments. On the other hand, the survey found that over half of players experienced some form of positive community in video games. A separate, earlier survey of the general population found that around

2254-440: A third of people have experienced some form of online harassment. In July 2017, ADL announced that they would be developing profiles on 36 alt-right and alt-lite leaders. In 2019 and 2020 ADL executives and staff testified multiple times in front of Congressional committees concerning the dangers of right-wing domestic extremists. In a report from 2018, the ADL noted that the majority of domestic extremist-related murders in

2352-496: Is both intellectually dishonest and damaging to our reputation as experts in extremism." The newspaper reported that the speech, which "put opposition to Israel on a par with white supremacy as a source of antisemitism", had sparked controversy. In January 2024, two-thirds of ADL's tally of more than 3,283 antisemitic incidents in the United States since October 7, 2023, were tied to the Israel-Hamas war ; The Forward said

2450-532: The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith , is a New York–based international non-governmental organization that was founded to combat antisemitism , bigotry and discrimination . ADL is also known for its pro-Israel advocacy. Its current CEO is Jonathan Greenblatt . ADL headquarters are located in Murray Hill , in the New York City borough of Manhattan . The ADL has 25 regional offices in

2548-897: The Nexus Task Force , whose work was welcomed by the U.S. National Strategy to Counter Antisemitism , take a different view. Critics of the ADL said that such advocacy for Israel had undermined the group's counter-extremism work and argued that it had foregone parts of its historical mission against antisemitism, according to The Guardian . In 2024, an article in The Nation said, "The ADL's priority today remains—as it has for decades—going after Americans who are simply opposed to Israel's endless occupation and oppression of Palestinians", and criticized what it described as US media outlets using ADL reports on antisemitism uncritically. Middle East historian Asaf Romirowsky said that because ADL's clear stance on antisemitism does not conform to

2646-802: The Supreme Court to invalidate Prop 8. In 2015, the ADL opposed the State Religious Freedom Restoration Acts , state laws that used the United States Supreme Court decision in Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, Inc. recognizing a for-profit corporation's claim of religious belief. The ADL opposed these laws out of concern they largely targeted LGBT people or denied access to contraceptives to employees of religiously owned businesses. The ADL became independent from B'nai B'rith in 2009, dropping

2744-489: The white genocide conspiracy theory on his show. This call appeared shortly after research indicating that many who participated in the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol had been influenced by this conspiracy theory. The ADL again called for Carlson to be fired in September 2021 following Carlson expressing support for the great replacement theory. Carlson responded, saying "Fuck them" regarding

2842-619: The "orthodoxy of the day", it has led to the discredition of the group whose purpose is to combat antisemitism. Jay Michaelson argues that "conflating real antisemitism with political disagreement" cheapens the term 'antisemitism' to the point of "rendering it almost meaningless." In 1974, ADL attorney Arnold Forster and national director Benjamin Epstein published the book The New Anti-Semitism . They expressed concern about what they described as new manifestations of antisemitism coming from radical left, radical right, and pro-Arab figures in

2940-470: The "speech marked a rare moment of the organization unequivocally" making that assertion. The remarks upset activists and Jewish groups critical of Israel, and also set off controversy within the ADL. Internal ADL messages seen by The Guardian included a senior manager at ADL's Center on Extremism writing in protest that: "There is no comparison between white supremacists and insurrectionists and those who espouse anti-Israel rhetoric, and to suggest otherwise

3038-602: The 1970s, the ADL has partnered with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) field offices, sharing information learned from the monitoring of extremist groups. In 1977 the ADL opened a headquarters in Jerusalem . It opposed an anti-Mormon film called The God Makers in 1982, viewing it a challenge to religious freedom. The ADL released a 1991 report observing an increase in the use of public access television stations by extremist groups. The report came in

Noontide Press - Misplaced Pages Continue

3136-452: The ADL acknowledged "that it significantly broadened its definition of antisemitic incidents following the Oct. 7 Hamas attack to include rallies that feature 'anti-Zionist chants and slogans,' events that appear to account for around 1,317 of the total count". The ADL classified anti-war protest events led by Jewish groups including Jewish Voice for Peace and IfNotNow as "anti-Israel", adding

3234-458: The ADL conspired to obtain the confidential police material, a felony in California, and that the ADL had violated state tax laws by paying Bullock through a lawyer. The court documents said ADL had a network of sympathetic police officers sharing data, and that investigators had questioned police about free sponsored trips to Israel they received from the ADL. The documents also mentioned that

3332-479: The ADL from X, which was Twitter's new name under Musk. Musk also accused the ADL of defamation and threatened to sue it, writing that advertising revenue was "still down 60%, primarily due to pressure on advertisers by @ADL (that's what advertisers tell us), so they almost succeeded in killing X/Twitter!" The ADL said as matter of policy it did not comment on legal threats, but that it had recently met with X leadership including CEO Linda Yaccarino , who had thanked

3430-490: The ADL in November 1993 in exchange for the ADL paying $ 75,000 for use fighting hate crimes. During the investigation, a private investigator hired by the ADL, Roy H. Bullock, told police he had tracked skinheads , white supremacists, Arab Americans , and critics of Israel. He confessed to trying to find "any sexual impropriety" on the late anti-apartheid activist Desmond Tutu . In court documents, state officials said that

3528-459: The ADL said its staff complied with Misplaced Pages policies by disclosing their affiliations, but some Misplaced Pages editors objected that the project cited ADL sources disproportionately and did not reflect the volunteer spirit of the website, especially in heavily editing its own Misplaced Pages article. An internal email obtained by The Guardian in 2024 showed that in May 2020, the ADL had surveilled and produced

3626-597: The ADL's CEO on the platform. Greenblatt later praised Musk after he announced policy banning phrases such as " decolonization " and " from the river to the sea " on Twitter. The head of the ADL's Center for Technology and Society (CTS), Yael Eisenstat, reportedly quit in protest of the praise of Musk. In September 2023, the ADL launched a media and entertainment institute aimed at combating antisemitism and improving depictions of Jewish people in entertainment. The institute works with industry leaders and non-profit organizations such as Common Sense Media . In February 2024,

3724-494: The ADL's spying operations were reported to the Israeli government and its intelligence agencies. The ADL's Foxman contended that the ADL had a right to use the police information to combat antisemitism, and he argued in an interview that allegations that the ADL acted as an agent for Israel were "antisemitic". News of the investigation led Arab Americans listed in the ADL's files to sue the ADL, contending invasion of privacy and

3822-552: The ADL, describing the ADL's call as politically motivated and defending his statements. In 2023, Fox dropped Carlson, a move welcomed by ADL leadership. In 2022, the ADL revised its 2020 definition of racism from "the marginalization and/or oppression of people of color based on a socially constructed racial hierarchy that privileges White people" to occurrence "when individuals or institutions show more favorable evaluation or treatment of an individual or group based on race or ethnicity." Also in 2022, ADL published an analysis of

3920-414: The American Jewish Committee and American Jewish Congress. This characteristic gave these three organizations greater influence on the national Jewish community at a time when most local congregations and organizations were splintered, with little outreach to the broader community. By the 1970s, decentralization yielded greater influence. By this point the ADL had succeeded in developing local branches, though

4018-851: The Flag), and with the racist West Coast group, Western Front, in 1981,... spoke at the Third Annual Convention of the Institute for Historical Review,..." Described as the "chairman of the Palestine-Arab Committee," he was a highlighted speaker and in 1982, he published an article for IHR. In an article published in Hit List magazine in 2002, author Kevin Coogan claimed there had been attempts to forge ties between American and European Holocaust-denial groups such as

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4116-461: The Holocaust and on World War II. At the IHR's first conference in 1979, IHR publicly offered a reward of $ 50,000 for verifiable "proof that gas chambers for the purpose of killing human beings existed at or in Auschwitz ." This money (and an additional $ 40,000) was eventually paid in 1985 to Auschwitz survivor Mel Mermelstein , who, represented by public-interest lawyer William John Cox , sued

4214-474: The IHR and "radical Middle Eastern extremists." According to Coogan, Ahmed Rami , a former Moroccan military officer "founded Radio Islam to disseminate antisemitic, Holocaust denying, and often pro-Nazi propaganda," and tried to organize, with the IHR, a conference in a Hezbollah -controlled section of Beirut , Lebanon . The Daily Star , the leading English-language paper in Lebanon, in response to

4312-526: The IHR and the affiliated Noontide Press is the Legion for the Survival of Freedom. In 2009, IHR director Mark Weber published an article questioning the relevance of "Holocaust revisionism" in general, triggering infighting in the movement. The IHR was founded in 1978 by David McCalden , also known as Lewis Brandon, a former member of the British National Front , and Willis Carto ,

4410-539: The IHR are not regarded as serious historical research by mainstream historians and academics; rather, they are regarded as works of pseudo-science aimed at proving that the Holocaust did not happen. The editorial board of one of the leading historical journals, The Journal of American History , wrote, "We all abhor, on both moral and scholarly grounds, the substantive arguments of the Institute for Historical Review. We reject their claims to be taken seriously as historians." In response, IHR printed Weber's letter disputing

4508-518: The IHR denies the Holocaust] appears to turn on IHR's Humpty-Dumpty word game with the word Holocaust. According to Mark Weber, associate editor of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review [now Director of the IHR], "If by the 'Holocaust' you mean the political persecution of Jews, some scattered killings, if you mean a cruel thing that happened, no one denies that. But if one says that the 'Holocaust' means

4606-708: The IHR for breach of contract for initially ignoring his evidence (a signed testimony of his experiences in Auschwitz). On October 9, 1981, both parties in the Mermelstein case filed motions for summary judgment in consideration of which Judge Thomas T. Johnson of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County took " judicial notice of the fact that Jews were gassed to death at the Auschwitz Concentration Camp in occupied Poland during

4704-544: The IHR promotes antisemitic viewpoints and has links to several neo-Nazi and neo-fascist organizations. The group was founded in 1978 in Torrance , California , by David McCalden and Willis Carto , and is headquartered in Fountain Valley , California. It published the Journal of Historical Review until 2002, but now disseminates its materials through its website and via email. The parent corporation of

4802-520: The IHR website, Barbara Kulaszka defends the distinction between "denial" and "revisionism" by arguing that considerable revisions to history have been made over the years by historians and concludes: For purposes of their own, powerful, special-interest groups desperately seek to keep substantive discussion of the Holocaust story taboo. One of the ways they do this is by purposely mischaracterizing revisionist scholars as "deniers." American environmentalist Paul Rauber wrote: The question [of whether

4900-866: The LAJCC maintained its undercover surveillance of the German-American Bund, the Silver Shirts and dozens of other pro-Nazi, nativist groups that operated in Los Angeles. Partnering with the American Legion in Los Angeles, the LAJCC channeled eyewitness accounts of sedition on to federal authorities. Working with the ADL, Leon Lewis and the LAJCC played a strategic role in counseling the McCormack-Dickstein Committee investigation of Nazi propaganda activities in

4998-485: The Quigleys' private telephone conversations via a police scanner. These recordings were legal at the time, but federal wiretap law was amended shortly after to make it illegal to record conversations from a cordless telephone, to transcribe the material, and to use the transcriptions for any purpose. ADL Regional Director Saul Rosenthal described the recorded remarks as part of a "vicious antisemitic campaign". This led to

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5096-600: The U.S., France, Germany, England and Sweden, many of whom subsequently contributed articles to the inaugural issue of IHR's Journal of Historical Review the following spring. With the Noontide Press offering a means for the sale and distribution of their writings, professional deniers had found something of a rainmaker in Carto. However, the Southern Poverty Law Center claim it was founded in

5194-643: The United States including a Government Relations Office in Washington, D.C., as well as an office in Israel and staff in Europe. In its 2019 annual information Form 990, ADL reported total revenues of $ 92 million, the vast majority from contributions and grants. Its total operating revenue is reported at $ 80.9 million. It was founded in late September 1913 by the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith ,

5292-554: The United States (1934) and the Dies Committee investigation of "un-American activities" (1938–1940). In their final reports to Congress, both committees found that the sudden rise in political antisemitism in the United States during the decade was due, in part, to the German government's support of these domestic groups. Paralleling its infiltration efforts, the ADL continued its attempts to reduce antisemitic caricatures in

5390-717: The United States over the past decade had been committed by white supremacists. In a 2023 report, white supremacists were also deemed responsible for 45% of right-wing extremism in the US from 2017 to 2022. In 2020, ADL joined with the NAACP , Color of Change , LULAC , Free Press , the National Hispanic Media Coalition and other organizations in the Stop Hate For Profit campaign. The campaign targeted online hate on Facebook, with over 1000 businesses pausing their ad buys on Facebook for

5488-519: The United States. It opposed McCarthyism during the Cold War , and campaigned for major civil rights legislation in the 1960s. It also worked with the NAACP to discredit the far right in a spy operation. In the 1980s, it was involved in propaganda against Nelson Mandela of South Africa before embracing him the following decade. ADL is also known for its pro-Israel advocacy. It has advanced

5586-456: The architect of the administration's immigration policy, on the basis of his association with white supremacists. The ADL says it has participated in YouTube 's Trusted Flagger program and has encouraged YouTube to remove videos that they flag as hate speech, citing the need to "fight against terrorist use of online resources and cyberhate." The ADL's Center on Technology and Society launched

5684-500: The central office remained significant even in terms of local branch activities. The ADL was founded in late September 1913 by B'nai B'rith , with Sigmund Livingston as its first leader. Its goals were to counter antisemitism, prejudice and discrimination. Initially the league largely represented Midwestern and Southern Jews concerned with antagonistic portrayals of Jews in popular culture along with social and economic discrimination. In 1913, Atlanta B'nai B'rith President Leo Frank

5782-698: The change in leadership, the ADL shifted from Livingston's reactive responses to antisemitic action to a much more aggressive policy. During the 1930s, ADL, along with the AJC, coordinated American Jewish groups across the country in monitoring the activities of the German-American Bund and its pro-Nazi, nativist allies in the United States. In many instances, these community-based defense organizations paid informants to infiltrate these groups and report on what they discovered. The longest-lived and most effective of these American Jewish resistance organizations

5880-475: The claims. In April 2004, following a complaint by the David S. Wyman Institute for Holocaust Studies , The Nation magazine refused to accept advertising from the IHR, stating "[T]here is a strong presumption against censoring any advertisement, especially if we disagree with its politics. This case, however, is different. Their arguments are 'patently fraudulent. ' " Weber responded with critical commentary in

5978-423: The concept of new antisemitism , including a definition that says anti-Zionism and some criticisms of Israel are antisemitic. It has received criticism, including from members of its staff, that such advocacy has diverted ADL from its historical fight against antisemitism. In its early decades, the ADL benefited from being among the few highly centralized Jewish community relations organizations alongside

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6076-471: The concession that a relatively small number of Jews were killed [has been] routinely used by Holocaust deniers to distract attention from the far more important fact of their refusal to admit that the figure ran into the millions, and that a large proportion of these victims were systematically murdered by gassing as well as by shooting. In 2007, the United Kingdom 's Channel 4 described the IHR as

6174-519: The courts. The legal challenges have primarily been brought by the ACLU and CAIR on First Amendment constitutional grounds. As a general matter the organization also has not publicly opposed such state laws, preferring to work behind the scenes to try to make such laws less infirm under the Constitution or to propose non-binding resolutions opposing BDS. A possible division of internal views in ADL

6272-434: The creation of the ADL. According to historians, ADL's early strategy would be to pressure newspapers, theaters, and other businesses seen as defaming or discriminating against Jews; proposed methods included boycotts and pressuring advertisers, and it also considered demanding prior reviews of theater productions for antisemitism. After Georgia's outgoing governor commuted Frank's death sentence to life imprisonment in 1915,

6370-471: The death of millions of Jews but did not wholly reject Holocaust denial. He noted that Holocaust denial had attracted little support over the years: "It's gotten some support in Iran, or places like that, but as far as I know, there is no history department supporting writing by these folks." Accordingly, he recommended that emphasis be placed instead on opposing "Jewish-Zionist power", which some commentators claim

6468-504: The early 1970s. Also other sources cite the 1960s publications by this press. Noontide Press is the distributor of the remaining backstock of books published by Ralph Myles, a company set up by libertarian revisionist historian James J. Martin , who sold the remaining stock of Ralph Myles books to the IHR before his death. The group has been listed as a hate group by the Southern Poverty Law Center due to its Holocaust denial and white-separatist activities. Noontide Press suffered

6566-488: The estate of Jean Edison Farrel. In 2001, Eric Owens, a former employee, alleged that Mark Weber and Greg Raven from the IHR's staff had been planning to sell their mailing lists to either the Anti-Defamation League or the Church of Scientology. Since 2009, Weber has pushed to broaden the institute's mandate. In January 2009, Weber released an essay titled, "How Relevant Is Holocaust Revisionism?" In it, he acknowledged

6664-406: The evangelical Christian movement. Through the 60s and early 70s, the ADL had conflicted with the American Jewish Congress over their collaborations with evangelicals. Perlmutter and Eckstein changed this orientation, increasing collaborations and developing long-lasting lines of communication between the ADL and evangelical groups. This collaboration continued under the Foxman administration. Since

6762-421: The family being ridiculed and excluded in their community and to career damage. These recordings were used as basis for a federal civil lawsuit against the Aronson family and the ADL for defamation . The Quigleys and Aronsons settled out-of-court, and a jury awarded the Quigleys $ 10 million in damages from the ADL. This was the first-ever verdict against the ADL. Only once before had the League been subject to

6860-420: The far-right Otzma Yehudit and Religious Zionist Party , and their leaders, Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich . The ADL said that including these parties and lawmakers "would run counter to Israel's founding principles, and impact its standing, even among its strongest supporters." In a 2022 speech to ADL leaders, Greenblatt said that " anti-Zionism is antisemitism". The Times of Israel noted that

6958-411: The forwarding of confidential information to Israel and South Africa. In 1996, ADL settled the federal civil lawsuit filed by groups representing African Americans and Arab Americans . The ADL did not admit any wrongdoing but agreed to a restraining injunction barring it from obtaining information from state employees who cannot legally disclose such information. The ADL agreed to contribute $ 25,000 to

7056-570: The governing board of directors is Esta Gordon Epstein; elected in late 2018 for a three-year term, she is the second woman to hold the organization's top volunteer leadership post. ADL repeatedly accused Donald Trump , when he was a presidential candidate in 2016, of making use of antisemitic tropes or otherwise exploiting divisive and bigoted rhetoric during the 2016 presidential election campaign . The ADL accused President Trump of politicizing charges of antisemitism for partisan purposes, and for continued use of antisemitic tropes. The ADL said it

7154-622: The head of the now-defunct Liberty Lobby . Liberty Lobby was an antisemitic organization best known for publishing The Spotlight , now reorganized as the American Free Press . Austin App , a La Salle University professor credited with being the first major American holocaust denier , inspired the creation of the IHR. The Anti-Defamation League describes its founding and early years: The Institute for Historical Review and its publishing arm, Noontide Press, were founded in 1978 by

7252-530: The inaugural issue of IHR's Journal of Historical Review the following spring. With the Noontide Press offering a means for the sale and distribution of their writings, professional deniers had found something of a rainmaker in Carto. McCalden and Carto had a falling out over the Mel Mermelstein case, and in 1981 McCalden left the IHR. Tom Marcellus became its director. Carto lost control of IHR in 1993, in an internal power struggle. in 1971, Marcellus

7350-636: The institute appointed documentary producer and journalist Deborah Camiel as its leader. The ADL is described as a pro-Israel group. The Middle East historian Asaf Romirowsky described the organization as "left of center" politically. The ADL has taken a case-by-case approach to state anti-BDS laws enacted in response to the BDS movement . Several of these laws, which seek to prohibit state agencies and instrumentalities from investing in companies that boycott Israel and from entering into contracts with entities that boycott Israel, have been successfully challenged in

7448-452: The leading organizer of modern American anti-Semitism, Willis Carto , and his wife Elisabeth. Based near Los Angeles in Torrance, California, the group pioneered organizing efforts among Holocaust deniers , who had heretofore labored mostly in isolation and obscurity. The group's first "Revisionist Convention" in September 1979 featured speakers from the U.S., France, Germany, England and Sweden, many of whom subsequently contributed articles to

7546-520: The meat industry to victims of the Holocaust . In 2005, PETA apologized for causing distress to the Jewish community through the campaign, though in 2008, the Chief Rabbinate announced that it was planning to gradually phase out the use of the "shackle and hoist" method of kosher slaughter in Israel and South America, in part in response to pressure from PETA. As of 2007, the ADL said it

7644-411: The media. Much like the NAACP , it chose a non-confrontational approach, attempting to build long-lasting relationships and avoid backlash. The ADL requested its members avoid public confrontation, instead directing them to send letters to the media and advertising companies that included antisemitic or racist references in screening copies of their books and movies. This strategy kept the campaigns out of

7742-449: The protests antisemitic, but Greenblatt labelled the protesting groups as hate groups. Former staff told The Daily Beast in 2023 of dissent within the ADL over the increasing equation of anti-Zionism and antisemitism, and over Greenblatt's calls for bans and investigations of pro-Palestinian organizations that he alleged had supported terrorist groups. In early 2024, two ADL staff quit the group in response to pro-Israel advocacy during

7840-551: The protests to a database documenting rising antisemitism in the US. In response, an ADL staffer quit, who told the Guardian that "These were Jewish people who we [as the ADL] were defaming, so that felt extremely, extremely confusing, and frustrating to me. And it makes it harder to talk about that when any criticism of Israel, or anyone who criticizes Israel, just becomes a terrorist." The ADL told The Intercept that it did not consider

7938-539: The public eye and instead emphasized the development of a relationship with companies. The ADL opposed red-baiting and McCarthyism in the 1950s. The ADL campaigned for civil rights legislation including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 . The ADL and the NAACP worked together to discredit the far right in the United States, according to Mathew Delleck, the ADL

8036-513: The reference to the other organization in its name. The ADL was one of the groups that opposed the Shelby County v. Holder decision by the Supreme Court in 2013 to strike down a portion of the Voting Rights Act . The court's decision ended the portion of the law that required states with a history of discrimination to undergo federal scrutiny for election rules. In November 2014, the organization announced that Jonathan Greenblatt ,

8134-612: The spring of 1980 as a quarterly periodical. No issues were published between April 1996 and May 1997, after which publication continued until 2002. Publication of the journal ceased in 2002, due to "lack of staff and funding", according to the organization's website. Weber was the editor of JHR from 1992 to 2002, when the JHR ceased publication. Since 2002, the IHR's main method of spreading its message has been through its website IHR Update and by e-mail. Anti-Defamation League The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL ), formerly known as

8232-509: The spying. In early January 2021, the ADL called for the removal of Donald Trump as president in response to the storming of the United States Capitol and described the relationship of the storming of the Capitol to the far-right and antisemitic groups. In April 2021, Jonathan Greenblatt released a letter calling on the right-wing American network Fox News to drop commentator Tucker Carlson from its lineup, saying that Carlson had espoused

8330-532: The summer of 1944." On August 5, 1985, Judge Robert A. Wenke entered a judgment based upon the Stipulation for Entry of Judgment agreed upon by the parties on July 22, 1985. The judgment required IHR and other defendants to pay $ 90,000 to Mermelstein and to issue a letter of apology to "Mr. Mel Mermelstein, a survivor of Auschwitz-Birkenau and Buchenwald, and all other survivors of Auschwitz" for "pain, anguish and suffering" caused to them. On July 4, 1984,

8428-412: The systematic extermination of six to eight million Jews in concentration camps, that's what we think there's not evidence for." That is, IHR doesn't deny that the Holocaust happened; they just deny that the word 'Holocaust' means what people customarily use it for. According to British historian of Germany Richard J. Evans : Like many individual Holocaust deniers, the Institute as a body denied that it

8526-477: The wake of the trial of Tom Metzger , a white supremacist leader found guilty of inciting a murder via his public access TV station. San Francisco police searched two offices of the ADL in April 1993, suspecting it of having monitored thousands of activists; in the search, they confiscated police records including fingerprints and copies of confidential reports, according to court documents. The San Francisco district attorney considered indictments, but settled with

8624-545: The war. ADL supported a December 5, 2023, US Congress resolution that described anti-Zionism as antisemitism. The ADL and "many other Jewish establishment organizations" have campaigned for governments to adopt the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance definition of antisemitism, which describes anti-Zionism and some forms of criticism of Israel as antisemitic, according to The Guardian . Some Jewish organizations, such as

8722-464: Was "revisionism" rather than denial: The Institute does not "deny the Holocaust." Every responsible scholar of twentieth century history acknowledges the great catastrophe that befell European Jewry during World War II. All the same, the IHR has over the years published detailed books and numerous probing essays that call into question aspects of the orthodox, Holocaust-extermination story, and highlight specific Holocaust exaggerations and falsehoods. On

8820-505: Was a field staff member for the Church of Scientology and was an editor for one of the church's publications. When Marcellus left IHR in 1995, Mark Weber , the editor of the IHR's Journal of Historical Review (JHR) since 1992, took over as its director, and has been the IHR's director and spokesman since then. Weber previously worked with the white supremacist National Alliance . Since taking over, Weber has continued to publish writing on

8918-471: Was a shift to a directly antisemitic position. Although the IHR comments on a variety of subjects, it is most criticized for its Holocaust denial . IHR is widely regarded as antisemitic and as having links to neo-Nazi organizations. Multiple writers have stated that its primary focus is denying key facts of Nazism and the genocide of Jews . When the IHR devoted itself to publishing Holocaust-denial material, it insisted that its work in this regard

9016-586: Was archiving MySpace pages associated with white supremacists as part of its effort to track extremism. The ADL opposed 2008 California Proposition 8 , a ballot successful initiative that banned same-sex marriage. It did so alongside Jewish organizations, including the National Council of Jewish Women and the Progressive Jewish Alliance. The ADL filed amicus briefs urging the Supreme Court of California , Ninth Circuit , and

9114-468: Was convicted of the murder of a 13-year-old employee at a factory where he was superintendent; historians today generally consider Frank to have been innocent. Jewish leadership viewed Frank as having been wrongly prosecuted and convicted because of local antisemitism and agitation by some of the local press. The role that prejudice played in Frank's conviction was mentioned by Adolf Kraus when he announced

9212-459: Was disclosed when the liberal Jewish publication, The Forward , published ostensible leaked internal ADL staff memos dating from 2016 that opposed the anti-boycott laws. ADL did not comment directly on the leaked memos, but the statement it issued in response appeared to acknowledge both that there were sharply divided views within the organization and that the organization did not try to suppress internal robust discussion. In 2010, ADL published

9310-495: Was facing a discredit campaign for its criticism of Trump. In mid-2018, ADL raised concerns over President Donald Trump's nomination of then-DC Circuit Court of Appeals judge Brett Kavanaugh as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court . Subsequently, in another move that enraged many on the right, ADL called for the resignation or firing of Trump administration official Stephen Miller ,

9408-486: Was involved in Holocaust denial. It called this a 'smear' which was 'completely at variance with the facts' because 'revisionist scholars' such as Faurisson, Butz 'and bestselling British historian David Irving acknowledge that hundreds of thousands of Jews were killed and otherwise perished during the Second World War as a direct and indirect result of the harsh anti-Jewish policies of Germany and its allies'. But

9506-426: Was perhaps the most effective group in discrediting extremist right wing elements in the United States. The ADL conducted a spy operation headed by Isadore Zack, against the far right In 1973, Nathan Perlmutter took the role of national director, serving until his death in 1987. Under the tenure of Perlmutter and his 1978–1983 co-director of interreligious affairs Yechiel Eckstein , the ADL shifted its approach to

9604-657: Was the Los Angeles Jewish Community Committee (LAJCC), which was backed financially by the Jewish leaders of the motion picture industry. The day-to-day operations of the LAJCC were supervised by a Jewish attorney, Leon L. Lewis . Lewis was uniquely qualified to combat the rise of Nazism in Los Angeles, having served as the first national secretary of the Anti-Defamation League in Chicago from 1925 to 1931. From 1934 to 1941,

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