Johan Nordal Fischer Wille (28 October 1858 – 4 February 1924) was a Norwegian botanist. He was a professor at the Royal Frederick University from 1893 to his death, founded the laboratory at the University Botanical Garden and co-founded the Natural History Museum .
16-1101: Wille was born in Hobøl as the son of physician Hans Georg Wille (1803–1879) and his wife Ingeborg Fischer (1811–1875). He was a grandnephew of priest and writer Hans Jacob Wille . He married three times. The first marriage with Anne Koller, a daughter of Carl Theodor Fredrik Koller , lasted from September 1891 to her death in March 1908. During this period he was a brother-in-law of Rasmus Meyer and Gustav Guldberg , who were married to two of Anne's sisters. The second marriage with Ragna Margrethe Knudsen lasted from September 1911 to her death in July 1917, and finally he married Swedish-born school teacher Ester Victoria Svensson in October 1918. Wille grew up in Hobøl, but eventually moved to Kristiania to take his education. He embarked on an education as
32-416: A lading place or a market town prior to export. This incentive ensured that local trading went through local merchants, a technique which was so effective in limiting smuggling that customs revenues increased from less than 30% of the total tax revenues in 1600 to more than 50% of the total taxes by 1700. During the last half of the 20th century, the distinction between the different types of municipalities
48-601: A teacher of natural sciences, but became increasingly interested in algae , a field in which there was no adequate education available in Norway. He studied plant morphology , plant anatomy and plant physiology in different European countries, and conducted several field studies. He was a lecturer at the Swedish Museum of Natural History and the Stockholm University between 1883 and 1889. He moved to
64-570: The Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo . Later, a larger expansion of the university as a whole became necessary. The locality in downtown Kristiania provided little room for spreading out, so a more peripheral location was debated. Wille lobbied for Tøyen, but the site at Blindern further west was chosen. According to the encyclopedia Norsk biografisk leksikon , Wille became "bitter" due to this decision. Wille
80-777: The Norwegian College of Agriculture in 1889. In 1893 he was given a newly established professor position at the Royal Frederick University , which also gave him responsibility over the University Botanical Garden at Tøyen . In addition, Wille moved to Tøyen. In 1895 he founded a laboratory there. The founding of the laboratory promoted research among students, which would become important to several later researchers, including Wille's lab assistant from 1894 Haaken Hasberg Gran and, in turn, Gran's assistant Trygve Braarud . After
96-480: The death of professor Axel Blytt in 1898, Wille was also given responsibility of the Botanical Museum. The collections of natural history items were located at the university campus in downtown Kristiania, but this locality had become too small. Together with Waldemar Christofer Brøgger , Wille was instrumental in moving the natural history collections to new localities at Tøyen. This was the foundation of
112-419: The land registration law superseded the formannsskapsdistrikt by introduction of a new designation, the municipality ( Norwegian : herred ). Two forms of municipality were created: "rural municipality" and "city" (or " market town "). Each district was to elect a body of selectmen of no less than 12 and no more than 48 members. This body selected a quarter of their members as a committee, which together with
128-419: The local magistrate, established taxes to be levied and improvements to be performed in the district. The local chairman also represented the municipality at the county level. Almost one century later in 1936, a local self-government district law was enacted which created 682 rural municipalities ( landkommuner ) and 65 city municipalities ( bykommuner ) in Norway. Among the city municipalities, 43 had
144-456: The municipality as seen from above. The municipality is mainly formed by a large valley , cut by the meandering Hobølelva river . The following cities are twinned with Hobøl: Formannskapsdistrikt Formannskapsdistrikt ( Urban East Norwegian: [ˈfɔ̂rmɑnskɑːpsdɪˌstrɪkt] ) is the name for Norwegian local self-government districts that were legally enacted on 1 January 1838. This system of municipalities
160-458: The municipality were Knapstad , Ringvoll , and the middle part of the municipality which is called Hobøl. Hobøl was suggested as the replacement site for a new airport to replace Fornebu , and in 1972 the Norwegian parliament voted to build it there. The 1973 oil crisis postponed that plan, and the new airport was finally built at Gardermoen , north of Oslo. The municipality (originally
176-400: The parish) is named after the old Hobøl farm ( Old Norse : Hóbœli ), since the first church was built here. The first element is hór or hár meaning "high". The last element is bœli which means " farm ". Thus the name means "the farm lying on a high ground". Prior to 1889 the name was written "Haabøl". The Coat-of-arms is from modern times. It was granted on 30 August 1985; it shows
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#1732773340458192-523: The status of market town ( kjøpstad ) and 22 were recognized harbors for export/import ( ladested ). Norway included a subordinate category to the market town, the "small seaport" ( lossested or ladested ), which was a port or harbor with a monopoly to import and export goods and materials in both the port and for a surrounding outlying district. Typically, these were locations for exporting timber and importing grain and goods. Local farm goods and timber sales were all required to pass through merchants at either
208-437: Was a municipality in Østfold county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality was the village of Elvestad . Hobøl is situated about 40 kilometres (25 mi) southeast of Oslo . The parish of Haabøl was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see formannskapsdistrikt ). The largest village in Hobøl was Tomter , whose railway station is served by Eastern Østfold Line . Other villages in
224-440: Was a major political change. The Norwegian farm culture ( bondekultur ) that emerged came to serve as a symbol of nationalistic resistance to the forced union with Sweden . The legislation of 1837 gave both the towns and the rural areas the same institutions: a minor change for the town, but a major advance for the rural communities. The significance of this legislation is hailed by a nationalistic historian, Ernst Sars : In 1853,
240-824: Was also involved in politics, serving as the Conservative Party chairman of the local chapter in Grünerløkken from 1911 to 1913. He subscribed to the idea of philanthropy . He was a Knight, First Class of the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav and a Commander, Second Class of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star . He died in Kristiania in 1924, one year before the name of the city was changed to Oslo. Hob%C3%B8l Hobøl
256-833: Was created in a bill approved by the Parliament of Norway and signed into law by King Carl Johan on 14 January 1837. The formannskaps law, which fulfilled an express requirement of the Constitution of Norway , required that every parish ( Norwegian : prestegjeld ) form a formannsskapsdistrikt (municipality) on 1 January 1838. In this way, the parishes of the state Church of Norway became worldly, administrative districts as well. (Although some parishes were divided into two or three municipalities.) In total, 396 formannsskapsdistrikts were created under this law, and different types of formannskapsdistrikts were created, also: The introduction of self government in rural districts
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