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78-799: The Norfolk Trained Bands were a part-time military force in the English county of Norfolk in East Anglia from 1558 until they were reconstituted as the Norfolk Militia in 1662. They were periodically embodied for home defence, for example during the Rising of the North in 1569 and the Armada Crisis of 1588. They campaigned in the Bishops' Wars but saw no active service then or during

156-512: A major revolt in AD60. The Angles settled the area in the fifth century, and it became part of the Kingdom of East Anglia . During the later Middle Ages the county was very prosperous and heavily involved in the wool trade ; this allowed the construction of many large churches . In 1549 Norfolk was the scene of Kett's Rebellion , which unsuccessfully protested the enclosure of land. The county

234-572: A saffron grower. Over 20% of employment in the county is in the agricultural and food industries. Well-known companies in Norfolk are Aviva (formerly Norwich Union ), Colman's (part of Unilever ), Lotus Cars and Bernard Matthews Farms . The Construction Industry Training Board is based on the former airfield of RAF Bircham Newton . Brewer Greene King, food producer Cranswick and feed supplier ForFarmers  [ nl ] were seeing growth in 2016–2017. A local enterprise partnership

312-521: A Great Muster of all the counties, recording the number of armed men available in each hundred . The legal basis of the militia was updated by two acts of 1557 covering musters ( 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 3) and the maintenance of horses and armour ( 4 & 5 Ph. & M. c. 2). The county militia was now under the Lord Lieutenant , assisted by the deputy lieutenants and justices of the peace (JPs). The entry into force of these acts in 1558

390-611: A fifth generation crabman, who sells Cromer Crabs to eateries such as M Restaurants and the Blueprint Café. The problem that he has found is attracting young people to this small industry which calls for working many hours per week during the season. Lobster trapping also continued in North Norfolk, around Sheringham and Cromer , for example. Norfolk's low-lying land and easily eroded cliffs, many of which are composed of chalk and clay, make it vulnerable to weathering by

468-558: A lieutenant. In most cases, units which refer to platoon sized elements as troops refer to company-sized elements as squadrons and battalion-sized elements as regiments (regiments in the RAA use the term ' battery ' for company-sized elements). Privates in the Royal Australian Armoured Corps and SASR hold the rank "trooper", however this is not the case for any other corps or units, which use the term troops . In

546-410: A particularly altruistic type of dedicated worker. Traditionally, troops refers to the soldiers in a military. A cavalry soldier of private rank is called a " trooper " in many Commonwealth armies (abbreviated "Tpr", not to be confused with "trouper"). A related sense of the term, troops refers to members of the military collectively, as in "the troops"; see Troop (disambiguation) . Today,

624-521: A per year basis, the median gross income was £25,458. The employment rate among persons aged 16 to 64 was 74.2% while the unemployment rate was 4.6%. The Norfolk economy was "treading water with manufacturing sales and recruitment remaining static in the first quarter of the year" according to research published in April 2018. A spokesperson for the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce made this comment: "At

702-606: A possibly significant concentration of Britons in the area. In the centuries before the Norman Conquest the wetlands of the east of the county began to be converted to farmland, and settlements grew in these areas. Migration into East Anglia must have been high: by the time of the Domesday Book survey it was one of the most densely populated parts of the British Isles . During the high and late Middle Ages

780-556: A time until the danger had passed. Lynn and Yarmouth had two or three companies each at different times, while Norwich and Yarmouth each had a troop of horse until the end of 1648. As Parliament tightened its grip on the country after the Second English Civil War it passed new Militia Acts in 1648 and 1650 that replaced lords lieutenant with county commissioners appointed by Parliament or the Council of State . Under

858-455: A time when Norfolk firms face steep up-front costs, the apprenticeship system is in crisis, roads are being allowed to crumble, mobile phone and broadband 'not-spots' are multiplying, it's obvious that the key to improved productivity and competitiveness lies in getting the basics right". The solution was seen as a need for the UK government to provide "a far stronger domestic economic agenda ... to fix

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936-550: A total of 2,096. During the Armada Crisis of 1588 Norfolk furnished 2,200 trained and 2,100 untrained armed foot (out of 6340 able-bodied men), together with 80 lancers , 321 light horse and 377 ' petronels ' (the petronel was an early cavalry firearm). In the 16th century little distinction was made between the militia and the troops levied by the counties for overseas expeditions. Between 1589 and 1601 Norfolk supplied 900 levies for service in Ireland , 450 for France and 600 for

1014-578: A troop is defined differently in different armed forces. In the Australian Army a troop is the equivalent of a platoon sized element in units of certain corps, those being: The SASR is the only unit in the Royal Australian Infantry Corps to use the term troop to refer to its platoon-size elements. SASR troops are also unusual as they are commanded by a captain—most troop or platoon-sized elements are commanded by

1092-590: A troop of Select Militia Horse in 1651. A Volunteer Association for Norfolk and Norwich paid for a County Select Militia foot regiment in 1651 under Col George Cock of the City of Norwich Regiment and there were also two Select Militia foot companies in Norwich in 1655. Meanwhile, the General Militia in Norfolk had fallen into abeyance. While there was a brief muster of the General Militia in some counties during

1170-482: Is administered by Norfolk County Council, which is the top tier local government authority, based at County Hall in Norwich. For details of the authority click on the link Norfolk County Council . Below Norfolk County Council the county is divided into seven second tier district councils: Breckland District , Broadland District , Great Yarmouth Borough , King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough , North Norfolk District , Norwich City and South Norfolk District . Below

1248-618: Is controlled by the Labour Party and North Norfolk District by the Liberal Democrats . Norfolk County Council has been under Conservative control since 2017. There have been two periods when the council has not been run by the Conservative Party, both when no party had overall control, these were 1993–2001 and 2013–2017. For the full County Council election results for 2017 and previous elections click on

1326-515: Is seen as the starting date for the organised county militia in England. In 1569 Norfolk was one of the southern counties called on to supply men to suppress the Rising of the North . Although the militia obligation was universal, this assembly confirmed that it was impractical to train and equip every able-bodied man, so after 1572 the practice was to select a proportion of men for the trained bands , who were mustered for regular training. From 1583

1404-492: Is served by these local newspapers: Before 2011, Norfolk had a completely comprehensive state education or "maintained" system managed by Norfolk County Council , with secondary school age from 11 to 16 or in some schools with sixth forms , 18 years old. Since then, a number of schools formerly in the "maintained" system have left it to become academies , or members of academy groups. Others have become free schools . Both academies and free schools are still publicly funded by

1482-523: Is typically the case for the dismounted reconnaissance troop (DRT) of a RSTA squadron , in which an infantry company-sized element is part of a cavalry-branched squadron. In the United States, state police forces are often regionally divided into troops. This usage came from these organizations modelling themselves on the US Army, and especially the older cavalry units. For this same reason

1560-472: The Battle of Worcester . The establishment of The Protectorate saw Oliver Cromwell take control of the militia, with a volunteer 'Select Militia' as a paid force to support his Rule by Major-Generals . From now on the term 'Trained Band' began to be replaced by 'General Militia'. Colonel Jermy, his major, Ralph Woolmer, and Brampton Gurdon , formerly colonel of a regiment of Suffolk TB horse, each commanded

1638-723: The British Army the definition of a troop varies by corps . Other Army corps do not use the term. In the Royal Marines , a troop is the equivalent to an Army platoon; a carryover from the organisation of the British Commandos in World War II. In the Canadian Army , a troop is the equivalent of a platoon within the armoured, artillery, engineer, and signals branches. Two to four troops comprise

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1716-614: The Commonwealth and Protectorate the militia received pay when called out, and operated alongside the New Model Army to control the country. Following Pride's Purge , considerable changes were made to the officers of the militia to ensure loyalty. In 1650 the Council of State commissioned the following for Norfolk: Only one captain was retained from 1646 (Robert Doughty of Aylsham, now major of Hobart's Regiment). Even so,

1794-476: The Conservative Party win the 2010 general election , they would reverse the decision. Following the 2010 general election , Eric Pickles was appointed Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government on 12 May 2010 in a Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government . According to press reports, he instructed his department to take urgent steps to reverse the decision and maintain

1872-836: The English Civil War . However, the Norfolks TBs were an integral part of the government security apparatus during the period of the Commonwealth and Protectorate . The English militia was descended from the Anglo-Saxon Fyrd , the military force raised from the freemen of the shires under command of their Sheriff . It continued under the Norman kings , and was reorganised under the Assizes of Arms of 1181 and 1252 , and again by King Edward I 's Statute of Winchester of 1285. In 1539 King Henry VIII held

1950-465: The High Court , and on 21 June 2010 the court ( Mr. Justice Ouseley , judge) ruled it unlawful, and revoked it. The city has therefore failed to attain unitary status, and the two-tier arrangement of County and District Councils (with Norwich City Council counted among the latter) remains as of 2017. Norfolk's county town and only city is Norwich , one of the largest settlements in England during

2028-748: The Iceni , emerged in the 1st century BC . The Iceni revolted against the Roman invasion in AD 47, and again in 60 led by Boudica . The crushing of the second rebellion opened the area to the Romans. During the Roman era roads and ports were constructed throughout the area and farming was widespread. Situated on the east coast, the homelands of the Iceni were vulnerable to attacks from continental Europe and other parts of Britain, and forts were built to defend against raids by

2106-660: The Netherlands . However, the counties usually conscripted the unemployed and criminals rather than the Trained Bandsmen – in 1585 the Privy Council had ordered the impressment of able-bodied unemployed men, and the Queen ordered 'none of her trayned-bands to be pressed'. Replacing the weapons issued to the levies from the militia armouries was a heavy cost on the counties. The men were given 'conduct money' for

2184-460: The Norman era . Norwich is home to the University of East Anglia , and is the county's main business and culture centre. Other principal towns include the port town of King's Lynn and the seaside resort and Broads gateway town of Great Yarmouth . Troop Troops is often used to refer to the other members of one's company or cause, but because of its military connotations, it conveys

2262-663: The Penruddock uprising of 1655, there is no evidence that the Norfolk County TBs were mustered. and the Council only proposed to mobilise one regiment (under Wood) during the invasion scare of 1656. After the resignation of Richard Cromwell from the Protectorate in 1659 the regime fell into crisis. Booth's Uprising in August seemed to pose a significant threat, and the county militias were reconstituted. Norfolk

2340-687: The Royal Norfolk Regiment (now the Royal Anglian Regiment ) and the Norfolk Yeomanry . During the Second World War agriculture rapidly intensified, and it has remained very intensive since, with the establishment of large fields for growing cereals and oilseed rape . In 1998 Norfolk had a Gross Domestic Product of £ 9,319 million, which represents 1.5% of England's economy and 1.25% of

2418-591: The Saxons and the Picts . A period of depopulation, which may have been due to these threats, seems to have followed the departure of the Romans. Soon afterward, Germanic peoples from the North Sea area settled in the region. Though they became known as Angles , they were likely not affiliated to any tribe in particular at the time of their migration. It is thought that the settlement here was early (possibly beginning at

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2496-854: The Tacolneston TV transmitter. However, northwestern parts of Norfolk including King's Lynn , Hunstanton and Wells-next-the-Sea are covered by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire , broadcasting from Hull , and ITV Yorkshire , which broadcast from Leeds . The area receives its television signals from the Belmont TV transmitter. BBC Local Radio for the county is served by BBC Radio Norfolk . County-wide commercial radio stations are Heart East , Greatest Hits Radio East , Amber Radio , and Kiss . Community based stations are Future Radio (serving Norwich), Harbour Radio (for Great Yarmouth ), KL1 Radio (covering North West Norfolk ) and Poppyland Community Radio (serving North Norfolk ). Norfolk

2574-551: The 2017 General Election the 2015 result was repeated. In the 2024 General Election, Norfolk became the only county in the United Kingdom to be represented by MPs from five different parties. In October 2006, the Department for Communities and Local Government produced a Local Government White Paper inviting councils to submit proposals for unitary restructuring. In January 2007 Norwich submitted its proposal, but this

2652-671: The Boundary Committee recommended a single unitary authority covering all of Norfolk, including Norwich. However, on 10 February 2010, it was announced that, contrary to the December 2009 recommendation of the Boundary Committee, Norwich would be given separate unitary status. The proposed change was strongly resisted, principally by Norfolk County Council and the Conservative opposition in Parliament. Reacting to

2730-526: The Broads , a network of rivers and lakes which extend into Suffolk. The area is protected by the Broads Authority and has similar status to a national park . The geology of the county includes clay and chalk deposits, which make its coast susceptible to erosion. There is evidence of Prehistoric settlement in Norfolk. In the Roman era the region was home to the Iceni , whose leader Boudica led

2808-654: The Department of Education but are not with county council management. In many of the rural areas, there is no nearby sixth form, and so sixth form colleges are found in larger towns. There are twelve private , or private schools, including Gresham's School in Holt in the north of the county, Thetford Grammar School in Thetford , which is Britain's fifth oldest extant school , Langley School in Loddon , and several in

2886-668: The King and Parliament, neither side made much use of the TBs beyond securing the county armouries for their own full-time troops who would serve anywhere in the country, many of whom were former trained bandsmen, or as auxiliary units for garrisons. During the First English Civil War Norfolk was part of the Eastern Association and firmly under Parliamentarian control. In May 1643 Parliament instructed

2964-821: The Lynn TB, was appointed Jermy's lt-col. Apart from two captains in Wood's regiment, none of the other officers had previously held commands in the Norfolk Militia. The horse were commanded by Brampton Gurdon. After the Restoration of the Monarchy , the English Militia was re-established by the Militia Act of 1661 under the control of the king's lords-lieutenant, the men to be selected by ballot. This

3042-649: The Norfolk TBs to form Sir Nicholas Byron's Regiment of Foot for the First Bishops' War against Scotland. However, in practice many of the men sent were untrained substitutes, and there were not enough trained men to provide non-commissioned officers. Captain Thomas Parker of the Norfolk TBs and his family ran an organised racket demanding bribes to release men illegally. It was also noted that Byron's officers were inexpert, and some were missing. In April

3120-407: The Norfolk TBs were put at the disposal of the governors of Yarmouth and Lynn, which would be key ports for an enemy landing in support of the insurrection. In 1651 the Scots invaded England in the Third English Civil War . On 6 August 1651 Walton was commissioned to command a militia regiment drawn from the hundreds of Freebridge Lynn, Freebridge Marshland, and about Lynn, and at the end of the month

3198-401: The Norfolk contingent, like several others, was disorderly, arrears of pay and lack of provisions being among their main concerns, as well as suspicion of the government and church. The second campaign was also unsuccessful. Control of the TBs was one of the major points of dispute between Charles I and Parliament that led to the First English Civil War . When open warfare broke out between

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3276-408: The TBs of the Norfolk hundreds of Marshland, Freebridge, Clacklose and South Greenoe, and of the town of Lynn to cooperate in securing that town. Valentine Walton , Member of Parliament (MP) MP for Huntingdonshire and colonel of one of the Eastern Association's regiments of foot, was appointed Governor of Lynn in 1643 and retained the position until about 1653, after which its security was left in

3354-409: The United Kingdom's economy. The GDP per head was £11,825, compared to £13,635 for East Anglia, £12,845 for England and £12,438 for the United Kingdom. In 1999–2000 the county had an unemployment rate of 5.6%, compared to 5.8% for England and 6.0% for the UK. Data from 2017 provided a useful update on the county's economy. The median hourly gross pay was £12.17 and the median weekly pay was £496.80; on

3432-493: The announcement, Norfolk County Council issued a statement that it would seek leave to challenge the decision in the courts. A letter was leaked to the local media in which the Permanent Secretary for the Department for Communities and Local Government noted that the decision did not meet all the criteria and that the risk of it "being successfully challenged in judicial review proceedings is very high". The Shadow Local Government and Planning Minister, Bob Neill , stated that should

3510-488: The city centre, next to the River Wensum . The City College Norwich and the College of West Anglia are colleges covering Norwich and King's Lynn as well as Norfolk as a whole. Easton & Otley College , 7 mi (11 km) west of Norwich, provides agriculture-based courses for the county, parts of Suffolk , and nationally. The University of Suffolk also runs higher education courses in Norfolk, from multiple locations including Great Yarmouth College . Norfolk

3588-416: The city of Norwich, including Norwich School and Norwich High School for Girls . The King's Lynn district has the largest school population. Norfolk is also home to Wymondham College , the UK's largest remaining state boarding school . The University of East Anglia is located on the outskirts of Norwich, and Norwich University of the Arts is based in seven buildings in and around St George's Street in

3666-406: The county developed arable agriculture and woollen industries. Norfolk's prosperity at that time is evident from the county's large number of medieval churches: out of an original total of over one thousand some 659 have survived, more than in any other county in Britain and the greatest concentration in the world. The economy was in decline by the time of the Black Death , which dramatically reduced

3744-589: The county hundreds, within which individual parishes were each responsible for providing a 'file' of 4–5 men. The hundreds of Norfolk were normally grouped in four 'divisions', so the companies raised in each division naturally formed four regiments of foot. There were two Troops of horse in each division, which usually trained with the foot regiment. The City of Norwich had its own regiment of six companies. In 1638 these totalled 5137 foot (2910 muskets and 2407 corslets), and 400 horse (80 Cuirassiers and 320 Harquebusiers ). In 1639 men were ordered to be selected from

3822-430: The early English settlers can be seen in the many place names ending in "-ham", "-ingham" and "-ton". Endings such as "-by" and "-thorpe" are also fairly common, indicating Danish toponyms: in the 9th century the region again came under attack, this time from Danes who killed the king, Edmund the Martyr . Several place names around the Fenland area contain Celtic elements; this has been taken by some scholars to represent

3900-398: The east, and Thetford (24,340) in the south. For local government purposes Norfolk is a non-metropolitan county with seven districts. The west of Norfolk is part of the Fens , an extremely flat former marsh. The centre of the county is gently undulating lowland; its northern coast is an area of outstanding natural beauty , and in the south is part of Thetford Forest . In the east are

3978-400: The final stand-off between the armies between Birks and Duns Law on the border. After that the army was dispersed to its homes. In March 1640 Norfolk was ordered to ship another contingent of 750 trained bandsmen to Newcastle upon Tyne for the Second Bishops' War . Once again many of those sent on this unpopular service would have been untrained replacements and conscripts. Once assembled,

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4056-650: The fundamentals needed for business to thrive here..." In 2017, tourism was adding £3.25 billion to the economy per year and supported some 65,000 jobs, being the fifth most important employment in Norfolk. The visitor economy had increased in value by more than £500 million since 2012. Important business sectors also include energy (oil, gas and renewables), advanced engineering and manufacturing, and food and farming. Much of Norfolk's fairly flat and fertile land has been drained for use as arable land . The principal arable crops are sugar beet , wheat, barley (for brewing) and oil seed rape . The county also boasts

4134-482: The hands of the mayor and his officials. When the First Civil War ended in 1646 the regiments of the Norfolk County TBs were commanded by: In 1648 Alderman Adrian Parmeter was colonel of the Norwich City regiment, and he was entrusted with a thorough review of the city's militia organisation. In July the regiment was reliable enough for a company to be sent to Yarmouth to guard against the Royalist ships offshore, and each company in rotation served there for eight days at

4212-490: The impacts on the environment of various realignment options. The draft report of their research was leaked to the press, who created great anxiety by reporting that Natural England plan to abandon a large section of the Norfolk Broads, villages and farmland to the sea to save the rest of the Norfolk coastline from the impact of any adverse climate change . The county is covered by BBC East and ITV Anglia , which both broadcast from Norwich. Television signals are received from

4290-481: The journey to the embarkation ports (18 days were allowed for the Norfolk levies to reach Chester for Ireland) With the passing of the threat of invasion, the trained bands declined in the early 17th Century. Later, King Charles I attempted to reform them into a national force or 'Perfect Militia' answering to the king rather than local control. The Norfolk Trained Bands on the eve of the civil wars consisted of some 30 companies of 80–200 men, drawn from one or more of

4368-444: The link Norfolk County Council elections . The county is divided into ten parliamentary constituencies, with Waveney Valley straddling the border with Suffolk: In the 1945 United Kingdom general election , all seats in Norfolk were won by the Labour Party and the National Liberal Party . In the 2010 General Election seven seats were held by the Conservatives and two by the Liberal Democrats . The Labour Party no longer held

4446-403: The main elements of a squadron. In the United States Army , in the cavalry branch, a troop is the equivalent unit to the infantry company, commanded by a captain and consisting of three or four platoons, and are called a troop within a regiment. Companies were renamed troops in 1883. In some instances, an infantry company may be titled as a "troop" due to its presence in a cavalry squadron; this

4524-419: The maritime counties such as Norfolk were given precedence for training: in return for a reduced quota of men they were supplied with professional captains to muster and train them. In 1584 the county was charged with supplying 1000 'shot' (men with firearms), 200 bowmen and 800 ' corslets ' (armoured pikemen), for a total of 2,000 trained men, but in practice mustered 723 shot, 1,031 bowmen and 342 corslets, for

4602-423: The north-west, the North Sea to the north and east, Cambridgeshire to the west, and Suffolk to the south. The largest settlement is the city of Norwich . The county has an area of 2,074 sq mi (5,370 km ) and a population of 859,400. It is largely rural with few large towns: after Norwich (147,895), the largest settlements are King's Lynn (42,800) in the north-west, Great Yarmouth (38,693) in

4680-415: The officers appointed were not all wholehearted supporters of the regime, and disaffection was reported among the officers of one regiment in May 1650. The Norfolk TBs were called on to secure the county during the Norfolk insurrection of November 1650, but although some of the horse helped in its suppression, the main gathering on Easton Heath was dispersed by units of the standing army. However, in December

4758-454: The officers now appointed had held commissions in the 1646 list or came from families who traditionally provided the company officers in their hundreds From then until about 1715 the Norfolk Militia was regularly mustered or turned out to counter invasion threats. Norfolk Norfolk ( / ˈ n ɔːr f ə k / NOR -fək ) is a ceremonial county in the East of England and East Anglia . It borders Lincolnshire and The Wash to

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4836-415: The population in 1349. Kett's Rebellion occurred in Norfolk during the reign of Edward VI , largely in response to the enclosure of land by landlords, leaving peasants with nowhere to graze their animals, and to the general abuses of power by the nobility. It was led by Robert Kett , a yeoman farmer, who was joined by recruits from Norwich and the surrounding countryside. His group numbered some 16,000 by

4914-469: The regiment was shipped from Norfolk to the Firth of Forth and landed on the island of Inchkeith . However, the Covenanters onshore were too strong for the King's commander, the Marquis of Hamilton to attempt a landing. In May the regiments were re-embarked and sailed back to anchor off Dunbar , later continuing to Holy Island , where they arrived on 28 May. They marched to Berwick-upon-Tweed , but Byron's regiment does not appear to have been present at

4992-496: The sea. The most recent major erosion event occurred during the North Sea flood of 1953 . The low-lying section of coast between Kelling and Lowestoft Ness in Suffolk is currently managed by the British Environment Agency to protect the Broads from sea flooding. Management policy for the North Norfolk coastline is described in the "North Norfolk Shoreline Management Plan" published in 2006, but has yet to be accepted by local authorities. The Shoreline Management Plan states that

5070-443: The second tier councils the majority of the county is divided into parish and town councils, the lowest tier of local government (the only exceptions being parts of Norwich and King's Lynn urban areas). Currently the Conservative Party control five of the seven district councils: Breckland District , Broadland District , King's Lynn and West Norfolk Borough , Great Yarmouth Borough and South Norfolk District while Norwich City

5148-419: The second-largest city in England, but over one-third of its population died in the plague epidemic of 1579, and in 1665 the Great Plague again killed around one-third of the population. During the English Civil War Norfolk was largely Parliamentarian . The economy and agriculture of the region declined somewhat. During the Industrial Revolution Norfolk developed little industry, except in Norwich, which

5226-487: The start of the fifth century, thereby preceding the alleged date of Hengist and Horsa 's arrival in Kent) and that it occurred on a large scale. By the 5th century the Angles had established control of the region and later became the "north folk" and the "south folk"; hence "Norfolk" and " Suffolk ". Norfolk, Suffolk and several adjacent areas became the kingdom of East Anglia (one of the heptarchy ), which later merged with Mercia and then with Wessex . The influence of

5304-502: The status quo in line with the Conservative Party manifesto. However, the unitary plans were supported by the Liberal Democrat group on the city council, and by Simon Wright , LibDem MP for Norwich South , who intended to lobby the party leadership to allow the changes to go ahead. The Local Government Act 2010 to reverse the unitary decision for Norwich (and Exeter and Suffolk) received Royal Assent on 16 December 2010. The disputed award of unitary status had meanwhile been referred to

5382-413: The stretch of coast will be protected for at least another 50 years, but that in the event of sea level rise and post-glacial lowering of land levels in the South East, there may a need for further research to inform future management decisions, including the possibility that the sea defences may have to be realigned to a more sustainable position. Natural England have contributed some research into

5460-443: The time the rebels stormed Norwich on 29 July 1549 and took the city. Kett's rebellion ended on 27 August when the rebels were defeated by an army under the leadership of John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland at the Battle of Dussindale. Some 3,000 rebels were killed. Kett was captured, held in the Tower of London, tried for treason, and hanged from the walls of Norwich Castle. By the late 16th century Norwich had grown to become

5538-402: The urban constituencies they once held in Norwich North and Great Yarmouth, leaving them with no MP's in the whole of East Anglia ; the former Labour Home Secretary Charles Clarke was a high level casualty of that election. In the 2015 General Election seven seats were won by the Conservative Party , with Labour winning Norwich South and the Liberal Democrats winning North Norfolk. In

5616-564: The whole of the Norfolk TBs were mobilised. Norfolk and Suffolk were ordered to keep at least a regiment of foot in Lothingland (the area around Yarmouth), to be arranged between Walton and Col Robert Jermy of the Norfolk TB Horse, while Hobart's and Wood's regiments (with two troops of horse and possibly one of dragoons) marched out of the county to the militia rendezvous at Oxford . However, they were too late to take part in

5694-736: Was a late addition to the railway network. Early military units included the Norfolk Militia . In the 20th century the county developed a role in aviation. The first development in airfields came with the First World War ; there was then a massive expansion during the Second World War with the growth of the Royal Air Force and the influx of the American USAAF 8th Air Force which operated from many Norfolk airfields . The local British Army regiments included

5772-506: Was being established by business leaders to help grow jobs across Norfolk and Suffolk. They secured an enterprise zone to help grow businesses in the energy sector, and established the two counties as a centre for growing services and products for the green economy . To help local industry in Norwich, the local council offered a wireless internet service, but this was subsequently withdrawn as funding had ceased. The fishery business still continued in 2018, with individuals such as John Lee,

5850-509: Was not heavily industrialised during the Industrial Revolution , and Norwich lost its status as one of England's largest cities. The contemporary economy is largely based on agriculture and tourism. The area that was to become Norfolk was settled in pre-Roman times (there were Palaeolithic settlers as early as 950,000 years ago), with camps along the higher land in the west, where flints could be quarried. A Brittonic tribe,

5928-479: Was popularly seen as the 'Constitutional Force' to counterbalance a 'Standing Army' tainted by association with the New Model Army that had supported Cromwell's military dictatorship, and almost the whole burden of home defence and internal security was entrusted to the militia under politically reliable local landowners. None of the officers named in 1659 was reappointed to the Norfolk Militia in 1660. Many of

6006-405: Was reduced from four to three foot regiments, and only one of the foot colonels (Wood) was retained. The other two appointed were Robert Jermy, previously colonel of the county horse militia, and Edward Bulwer who had not previously held a command. Robert Doughty was appointed as Bulwer's lieutenant-colonel, with another officer of 1650 as major. Thomas Toll, alderman of Lynn and previously captain in

6084-580: Was rejected in December 2007 as it did not meet the criteria for acceptance. In February 2008, the Boundary Committee for England (from 1 April 2010 incorporated in the Local Government Boundary Commission for England ) was asked to consider alternative proposals for the whole or part of Norfolk, including whether Norwich should become a unitary authority , separate from Norfolk County Council. In December 2009,

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