Norman Mattoon Thomas (November 20, 1884 – December 19, 1968) was an American Presbyterian minister , political activist, and perennial candidate for president. He achieved fame as a socialist and pacifist , and was the Socialist Party of America 's candidate for president in six consecutive elections between 1928 and 1948 .
104-587: Thomas was the oldest of six children, born November 20, 1884, in Marion, Ohio , to Emma Williams (née Mattoon) and Weddington Evans Thomas, a Presbyterian minister. Thomas had an uneventful Midwestern childhood and adolescence, helping to put himself through Marion High School as a paper carrier for Warren G. Harding 's Marion Daily Star . Like other paper carriers, he reported directly to Florence Kling Harding . "No pennies ever escaped her," said Thomas. The summer after he graduated from high school his father accepted
208-717: A 1/4 to a 1/2 inch every year, as measured by the distance traveled by the unpolished spot from where it was mated to the pedestal. While the movement of the sphere is thought to be facilitated by freeze-thaw cycles, earth tremors, or trapped air or water under the base, there has been no conclusive explanation for patterns that the sphere seems to follow. The movements of the sphere have been documented by numerous news outlets and it has been featured in Ripley's Believe it or Not (September 29, 1927). This has also been documented in Frank Edwards' book, Strange World , from an edition in
312-427: A Crime? , and his statement of the 1960s social democratic consensus, Socialism Re-examined . At the 1932 Milwaukee convention, Thomas and his radical pacifist allies in the party joined forces with constructive socialists from Wisconsin and a faction of young Marxist intellectuals called the "Militants" in backing a challenger to National Chairman Morris Hillquit. While Hillquit and his cohort retained control of
416-566: A July 1893 meeting published in the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) , Steinmetz simplified these complicated methods to "a simple problem of algebra". He systematized the use of complex number phasor representation in electrical engineering education texts, whereby the lower-case letter "j" is used to designate the 90-degree rotation operator in AC system analysis. His seminal books and many other AIEE papers "taught
520-633: A broad Farmer–Labor Party upon the model of the Canadian Cooperative Commonwealth Federation , but remained supportive of the Militants and their vision of an "all-inclusive party", which welcomed members of dissident communist organizations (including Lovestoneites and Trotskyists ) and worked together with the Communist Party USA in joint Popular Front activities. The party descended into
624-482: A center of grain based (corn and popcorn) snack and other products given its close proximity to nearby growing regions in adjacent counties ( ConAgra had a major presence in Marion for decades, and Wyandot Snacks has been active in Marion since the 1960s). Whirlpool Corporation is the largest employer in the city operating the largest clothes dryer manufacturing facility in the world. Nucor Steel 's facility in Marion
728-419: A household was $ 44,879, with family households having a median income of $ 53,855 and non-family households $ 30,948. The per capita income was $ 20,974. Males working full-time jobs had median earnings of $ 45,719 compared to $ 37,273 for females. Out of the 30,729 people with a determined poverty status, 21.8% were below the poverty line . Further, 30.9% of minors and 13.3% of seniors were below
832-675: A life-size bronze statue of Charles Steinmetz meeting Thomas Edison by sculptor and caster Dexter Benedict was unveiled on a plaza on the corner of Erie Boulevards and South Ferry Street in Schenectady. Charles Steinmetz's Mohawk River cabin is preserved and on display in the outdoor collection of historic structures in Greenfield Village, part of the Henry Ford Museum complex in Dearborn, Michigan. Steinmetz
936-405: A lightning tower to attract natural lightning to study its patterns and effects, which resulted in several theories. Steinmetz acted in the following professional capacities: He was granted an honorary degree from Harvard University in 1901 and a doctorate from Union College in 1903. Steinmetz wrote 13 books and 60 articles, not exclusively about engineering. He was a member and adviser to
1040-899: A maelstrom of factionalism in the interval, with the New York Old Guard leaving to establish themselves as the Social Democratic Federation of America , taking with them control of party property, such as the Yiddish-language The Jewish Daily Forward , the English-language New Leader , the Rand School of Social Science , and the party's summer camp in Pennsylvania. In 1937, Thomas returned from Europe determined to restore order in
1144-448: A male householder with no partner present, and 32.1% had a female householder with no partner present. The median household size was 2.50 and the median family size was 3.25. The age distribution was 20.5% under 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 30.3% from 25 to 44, 26.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 or older. The median age was 37.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 129.9 males. The median income for
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#17327870623571248-518: A military and economic sense. If we are not to be overwhelmed by the 'rising tide of color' we must breed against the world. If our nation is to survive, it must have more cannon and more babies as prospective food for the cannon." Thomas was also very critical of Zionism and of Israel's policies toward the Arabs in the postwar years (especially after the Suez Crisis ) and often collaborated with
1352-670: A minister, Thomas preached against American participation in the First World War. This pacifist stance led to his being shunned by many of his fellow alumni from Princeton, and opposed by some of the leadership of the Presbyterian Church in New York. When church funding of the American Parish's social programs was stopped, Thomas resigned his pastorate. Despite his resignation, Thomas did not formally leave
1456-555: A pastorate at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania , which allowed Norman to attend Bucknell University . He left Bucknell after one year to attend Princeton University , the beneficiary of the largesse of a wealthy uncle by marriage. Thomas graduated magna cum laude from Princeton University in 1905. After some settlement house work and a trip around the world, Thomas decided to follow in his father's footsteps and enrolled in Union Theological Seminary . He graduated from
1560-815: A traveling NFL team based in nearby LaRue , played their only true "home" game in Marion in 1923. It is the former home of the Marion Blue Racers , an indoor football team in X-League Indoor Football ; the Marion Mayhem , also an indoor football team in the CIFL; and a professional ice hockey team, the Marion Barons , which played in the International Hockey League during the 1953–54 season. Marion
1664-411: A whole generation of engineers how to deal with AC phenomena". Steinmetz also greatly advanced the understanding of lightning . His systematic experiments resulted in the first laboratory created "man-made lightning", earning him the nickname the "Forger of Thunderbolts ". These were conducted in a football field-sized laboratory at General Electric, using 120,000 volt generators. He also erected
1768-575: Is Scott Schertzer. Marion was laid out in 1822, and is named in honor of General Francis Marion . It was incorporated as a village by the Legislature of Ohio in its 1829-1830 session. On March 15, 1830, Marion elected Nathan Peters as its first Mayor. Marion was one of Ohio's major industrial centers until the 1970s. Products of the Marion Steam Shovel Company (later Marion Power Shovel ) were used by contractors to build
1872-632: Is a significant source of employment. The county is a well-positioned rail transportation hub with access to U.S. 23 , serving as a major connection to Interstate 80 and Interstate 90 through Detroit and Toledo to the north, and connections to Interstate 71 and Interstate 70 through nearby Columbus . One of the largest intermodal freight transport facilities in the country is located in Marion. It provides rail and local truck delivery services for Whirlpool Corporation , International Paper and major automotive parts manufacturers, among many others. Whirlpool's dryer manufacturing facility in Marion
1976-504: Is also open to the public. The site is being expanded to include a Presidential Center for Harding, expected to be opened in 2020, the 100th anniversary of Harding's election to the Presidency. Huber Machinery Museum This museum contains examples of Edward Huber's early steam and gasoline tractors and road-building equipment. Huber Manufacturing introduced a thresher in 1875, a steam traction engine in 1898, its first motor graders in
2080-705: Is designed to promote positive news about the area's people, places, products, and programs. The MarionMade! advertising program won a 2017 PRism Award from the Central Ohio Chapter of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA). The Palace Theatre (c. 1928) is a 1440-seat atmospheric theatre designed by John Eberson in the Spanish Colonial Revival architecture style. It has been in continuous operation since it opened on August 30, 1928. Restored in 1975, it
2184-535: Is featured in John Dos Passos ' U.S.A. trilogy in one of the biographies. He also serves as a major character in Starling Lawrence's The Lightning Keeper . Steinmetz is a major character in the novel Electric City by Elizabeth Rosner . In the 1944 Three Stooges short "Busy Buddies", Moe Howard references Steinmetz. Steinmetz was portrayed in 1959 by the actor Rod Steiger in
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#17327870623572288-584: Is further celebrated with the annual Steinmetz Symposium, a day-long event in which Union undergraduates give presentations on research they have done. Steinmetz Hall, which houses the Union College computer center, is named after him. The Charles P. Steinmetz Scholarship is awarded annually by the college, underwritten since its inception in 1923 by the General Electric Company. An additional Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Scholarship
2392-556: Is home to several historic properties, some listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Marion County, Ohio . Marion currently styles itself as "America's Workforce Development Capital" given public–private educational partnerships and coordination of educational venues, from four and two–year college programs to vocational and technical training and skill certification programs. The mayor of Marion
2496-542: Is in the bottom 50% of public schools in Ohio. The district administers six elementary schools, one middle school, and one high school, Marion Harding High School . Parts of the city are in the neighboring Elgin Local , Pleasant Local , Ridgedale Local , and River Valley Local School Districts . Charles P. Steinmetz Charles Proteus Steinmetz (born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz ; April 9, 1865 – October 26, 1923)
2600-612: Is it one of only two Popcorn Museums in the world, it also represents the largest collection of restored popcorn antiques. Warren G. Harding House A national presidential site, the Harding Home was the residence of Warren G. Harding , twenty-ninth president of the United States. Harding and his future wife, Florence, designed the Queen Anne Style house in 1890, a year before their marriage. They were married in
2704-664: Is located just outside the city limits. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.82 square miles (30.61 km ), of which 11.74 square miles (30.41 km ) is land and 0.08 square miles (0.21 km ) is water. As of the 2022 American Community Survey estimates, there were 35,927 people and 12,266 households. The population density was 2,771.3 inhabitants per square mile (1,070.0/km ). There were 14,326 housing units at an average density of 1,105.1 units per square mile (426.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of
2808-806: Is now used as the Heritage Hall museum of the Marion County Historical Society. The museum is dedicated to the preservation of Marion County, Ohio history. Wyandot Popcorn Museum Heritage Hall is also home of the Wyandot Popcorn Museum, the "only museum in the world dedicated to popcorn and its associated memorabilia." Opened in 1982 prior to the second Popcorn Festival , the museum's collection consists of classic antique poppers made by Cretors , Dunbar, Kingery, Holcomb and Hoke, Long-Eakin, Excel, Manley, Burch, Star, Bartholomew, Stutsman and Advance. Not only
2912-428: Is one of only 16 remaining Eberson-designed atmospheric theatres still in operation in the United States today. Eberson designed the theatre for Young Amusement Company, at an original cost of one-half million dollars ($ 8.6 million in 2023 dollars). Inside, the auditorium resembles an outdoor palace courtyard, complete with a blue sky and twinkling stars. It has many original Pietro Caproni sculpture castings. The theatre
3016-540: Is registered on the National Register of Historic Places. Adjoining the theatre is the May Pavilion, a two-story event space for chamber orchestra concerts, jazz and soft rock bands, amateur theatre productions of plays and small cast musicals, wedding receptions, graduation parties and meetings. The theatre presents touring artists and children's theatre. During the off-season and at other times during
3120-592: Is still widely used for the design and testing of induction machines. One of the highest technical recognitions given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , the " IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award ", is given for major contributions to standardization within the field of electrical and electronics engineering. Other awards include the Certificate of Merit of Franklin Institute , 1908;
3224-465: Is strangely inconsistent on the lips of men who practice celibacy and preach continence." Thomas also deplored the secular objection to birth control because it originated from "racial and national" group-think. "The white race, we are told, our own nation—whatever that nation may be—is endangered by practicing birth control. Birth control is something like disarmament—a good thing if effected by international agreement, but otherwise dangerous to us in both
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3328-550: Is the largest in the world, producing over 20,000 dryers daily. The unemployment rate for Marion County as of July 2019 was 4.4%. According to the Marion Chamber of Commerce and Marion CanDo (the economic development office of Marion), the largest industrial employers in the city are: Like most of Central Ohio, Marion has been experiencing an economic resurgence since the end of the Great Recession . Ohio
3432-589: Is the largest producer of rebar and signpost in Ohio. Marion, like many small American cities, has progressed in its sensibilities around race. During the 1800s Marion served as a stop in the Underground Railroad known in Ohio as the River to Lake Freedom Trail. In 1839 , a Black man, Bill Mitchell, was accused of being a fugitive slave in Marion and was freed in the ensuing legal case. A number of Virginians seeking to reclaim him for his owner brawled in
3536-547: Is the second largest steel producing state in America, and local employer Nucor Steel , whose Marion facility is the largest manufacturer of rebar and signposts in Ohio, announced in March 2017 it was spending $ 85 million on a modernization program. Also in 2017 POET announced it was spending $ 120 million to more than double its ethanol manufacturing capacity to 150 million gallons a year. MarionMade!, an advertising campaign,
3640-600: The Marion Star . In the 1920s, Marion city and Marion County supported Native American Jim Thorpe and his efforts to field an all–Native American NFL team called the Oorang Indians . In the 1970s, Dr. Dalsukh Madia, an Indian American , became head of the Smith Center at Marion General Hospital (now part of OhioHealth ). Today, people of color constitute 14% of Marion's population. In July 2020
3744-552: The American Council for Judaism . After 1945, Thomas sought to make the anti-Stalinist left the leader of social reform, in collaboration with labor leaders like Walter Reuther . In 1961, he released an album, The Minority Party in America: Featuring an Interview with Norman Thomas , on Folkways Records , which focused on the role of the third party. Thomas actively campaigned for Lyndon B. Johnson in
3848-1116: The Elliott Cresson Medal , 1913; and the Cedergren Medal , 1914. Steinmetz was also an elected member of both the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Philosophical Society . The Charles P. Steinmetz Memorial Lecture series was begun in his honor in 1925, sponsored by the Schenectady branch of the IEEE . Through 2017 seventy-three gatherings have taken place, held almost exclusively at Union College , featuring notable figures such as Nobel laureate experimental physicist Robert A. Millikan , helicopter inventor Igor Sikorsky , nuclear submarine pioneer Admiral Hyman G. Rickover (1963), Nobel-winning semiconductor inventor William Shockley , and Internet "founding father" Leonard Kleinrock . Steinmetz's connection to Union
3952-611: The Harding Tomb , it is located at the southeast corner of Vernon Heights Boulevard and Delaware Avenue. Construction began in 1926 and was finished in early 1927, the Greek temple structure is built of white marble. Designed by Henry Hornbostel , Eric Fisher Wood and Edward Mellon, the structure is 103 feet in diameter and 53 feet in height. The open design honors the Hardings' wishes that they be buried outside. Constructed in 1924,
4056-706: The Panama Canal , the Hoover Dam , and dug the Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River . In 1911, 80% of the nation's steam shovel and heavy-duty earth moving equipment was manufactured in Marion, Ohio. NASA contracted with Marion Power Shovel to manufacture the crawler-transporters that moved the assembled Saturn V rockets (used for Project Apollo ) to the launch pad. The city is a rail center for CSX , and Norfolk Southern . Marion has long been
4160-759: The University of Breslau to begin work on his undergraduate degree in 1883. Nearing completion of his doctorate in 1888, he was forced to flee to Zurich , Switzerland , as the German government was preparing to prosecute him for his socialist activities. As socialist meetings and press had been banned in Germany, Steinmetz fled to Zurich in 1889 to escape possible arrest. Cornell University Professor Ronald R. Kline, author of Steinmetz: Engineer and Socialist , points to other factors which reinforced Steinmetz's decision to leave his homeland such as financial problems and
4264-517: The census of 2010, there were 36,837 people, 12,868 households, and 8,175 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,137.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,211.5/km ). There were 15,066 housing units at an average density of 1,283.3 units per square mile (495.5 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 86.7% White , 9.6% African American , 0.2% Native American , 0.4% Asian , 1.1% from other races , and 2.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.0% of
Norman Thomas - Misplaced Pages Continue
4368-665: The "Committee on free elections in the Dominican Republic", an organization based in the U.S. that monitored the election, in which Juan Bosch of the Dominican Revolutionary Party , affiliated with the Socialist International , was beaten closely but decisively by the conservative ex-president Joaquín Balaguer . Balaguer continued to govern the country on and off for the next 30 years. In the autumn of that year, Thomas received
4472-471: The 1920s, a primitive hydraulic control in 1926, and the first Maintainer, a tractor-sized integral motor grader, in 1943. Other Huber products included wheel tractors, agricultural equipment, and three-wheel, tandem and pneumatic rollers. Marion Union Station and Museum More than 100 trains pass by Union Station every day. The museum showcases an impressive collection of memorabilia and the AC Tower, which
4576-538: The 1964 presidential election. He was critical of Johnson's foreign policy, but praised his work on civil rights and poverty. Thomas called Johnson's opponent Barry Goldwater a "personable man with good stands on domestic issues" but also described him as "the greatest evil" due to his views on foreign policy. Thomas's 80th birthday in 1964 was marked by a well-publicized gala at the Hotel Astor in Manhattan. At
4680-462: The Haydens and their prospective family. Hayden favored the idea, but his future wife was wary of the unorthodox arrangement. She agreed after Steinmetz's assurance that she could run the house as she saw fit. After an uneasy start, the arrangement worked well for all parties, especially after three Hayden children were born. Steinmetz legally adopted Joseph Hayden as his son, becoming grandfather to
4784-474: The Hotel Harding was developed to provide lodging and fine dining for the expected post-White House visitors of President Harding. It was hoped by local entrepreneurs that the hotel would provide lodging for Warren G. Harding 's visitors who came to Marion after his presidency. It was located close to Union Station, the city's main rail station. The building is no longer used as a hotel. Renovated in 2005,
4888-551: The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, a bitter split took place in the Socialist Party regarding support for the war; Thomas reluctantly supported it, though he thought it could have been honorably avoided. His brother and many others continued their pacifist opposition to all wars. Thomas later wrote self-critically that he had "overemphasized both the sense in which it was a continuance of World War I and
4992-534: The Marion City Council, led by Mayor Scott Schertzer, unanimously passed a resolution vowing to promote racial equality and justice for its African American community. Marion is located in the Till plain geological area of Ohio. The flat land was formed (12,000-14,000 years ago) of glacial till that formed when a sheet of ice became detached from the main body of a glacier and melted in place, depositing
5096-512: The Park is a children's festival that is held each year in Lincoln Park. Marion is also home to Buckeye Chuck , Ohio's official weather-predicting and State Groundhog known for predicting the arrival of spring on Groundhog Day (February 2). The Harding Home was the residence of Warren G. Harding, twenty-ninth president of the United States. Harding and his future wife, Florence, designed
5200-441: The Queen Anne Style house in 1890, a year before their marriage. They were married there and lived there for 30 years before his election to the presidency. The Harding Memorial, as it was called by thousands of people, including schoolchildren who donated to its construction fund, is the burial location (tomb) of the 29th President of the United States, Warren G. Harding and First Lady Florence Kling Harding . Later referred to as
5304-580: The Socialist Party withered, its membership level below that of 1928. In April 1938, Thomas was the center of national controversy when he came to Jersey City, New Jersey to defend labor organizers' free speech and challenge the political machine of Mayor Frank Hague . Hague was a close ally of Franklin Roosevelt and controlled federal patronage in the state. Though denied a permit for political reasons, Thomas came anyway to speak at an outdoor rally. The police arrested him as soon as he got out of his car. As
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#17327870623575408-672: The Socialist Party. He and his followers in the party teamed up with the Clarity majority of the National Executive Committee and gave the green light to the New York Right Wing to expel the Appeal faction from the organization. These expulsions led to the departure of virtually the whole of the party's youth section, who affiliated to the new Trotskyist Socialist Workers Party . Demoralization set in and
5512-519: The Socialist ticket—for governor of New York in 1924 , for mayor of New York in 1925 , for New York State Senate in 1926, for alderman in 1927, and for mayor of New York again in 1929. In 1934 , he ran for the US Senate in New York and polled almost 200,000 votes, then the second-best result for a Socialist candidate in New York state elections; only Charles P. Steinmetz polled more votes, almost 300,000 in 1922 when he ran for State Engineer . Thomas's political activity also included attempts at
5616-446: The US presidency. Following Eugene Debs 's death in 1926, there was a leadership vacuum in the Socialist Party. Neither of the party's two top political leaders, Victor L. Berger and Hillquit, was eligible to run for president because of their foreign birth. The third main figure, Daniel Hoan , was occupied as mayor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin . Down to approximately 8,000 dues-paying members, the Socialist Party's options were limited, and
5720-544: The United States to Jewish victims of Nazi persecution in the 1930s. Thomas was an early proponent of birth control. The birth-control advocate Margaret Sanger recruited him to write "Some Objections to Birth Control Considered" in Religious and Ethical Aspects of Birth Control , edited and published by Sanger in 1926. Thomas accused the Catholic Church of hypocritical opinions on sex, such as requiring priests to be celibate and maintaining that laypeople should have sex only to reproduce. "This doctrine of unrestricted procreation
5824-402: The United States, Steinmetz went to work for Rudolf Eickemeyer in Yonkers, New York , and published in the field of magnetic hysteresis, earning worldwide professional recognition. Eickemeyer's firm developed transformers for use in the transmission of electrical power among many other mechanical and electrical devices. In 1893 Eickemeyer's company, along with all of its patents and designs,
5928-443: The Wold Center and F.W. Olin building. A Chicago public high school, Steinmetz College Prep , is named for him, as well as a Schenectady public school, the Steinmetz Career and Leadership Academy, formerly Steinmetz Middle-School. A public park in north Schenectady, New York was named for him in 1931. In 1983, the US Post Office included Steinmetz in a series of postage stamps commemorating American inventors. In May 2015,
6032-562: The ability of machines to eliminate human toil and create abundance for all. He put it this way: "Some day we [will] make the good things of life for everybody." Steinmetz's techno-utopian optimism was deeply intertwined with his political beliefs, and he was convinced that the spread of electrification would inevitably steer human society toward socialism. Steinmetz is known for his contribution in three major fields of alternating current (AC) systems theory: hysteresis , steady-state analysis, and transients . Shortly after arriving in
6136-404: The average family size was 3.00. In the city the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 30.8% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 13.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 102.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101.5 males. The median income for a household in the city
6240-456: The building is now an apartment style community for all, and as residence for OSUM students. Its lobby has been restored to much the same condition as the original. Merchant Family Memorial (The Rotating Ball). Marion Cemetery is the home to the Merchant family grave marker, known for its unintended movements. The marker consists of a large grey granite pedestal capped by a two-ton granite sphere four feet in diameter. The sphere moves on its base
6344-467: The capacity of nonfascist Europe to resist the Nazis ". Thomas was one of the few public figures to oppose President Roosevelt's incarceration of Japanese Americans following the attack on Pearl Harbor. He accused the ACLU of "dereliction of duty" when the organization supported the forced mass removal and incarceration. Thomas also campaigned against racial segregation , environmental depletion, and anti-labor laws and practices, and in favor of opening
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#17327870623576448-574: The city was 81.7% White, 9.2% Black or African American, 1.6% some other race, 0.3% Native American or Alaskan Native, 0.3% Asian, and 0.1% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, with 6.9% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.5% of the population. Of the 12,266 households, 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3% had seniors 65 years or older living with them, 36.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% were couples cohabitating, 20.5% had
6552-449: The city. The population density was 3,111.6 inhabitants per square mile (1,201.4/km ). There were 14,713 housing units at an average density of 1,296.8 units per square mile (500.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 90.40% White , 7.01% African American , 0.20% Native American , 0.54% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 0.64% from other races , and 1.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.34% of
6656-442: The courtroom in response. The former slave was spirited away by Marion abolitionists and he ultimately made his way to Canada. In February 1919, nearly all of Marion's African American residents were driven out of town in response to an attack on a white woman. Marion subsequently became a sundown town , where African Americans were prevented from residing. President Harding, in spite of criticisms, employed African Americans at
6760-403: The early 1980s, Tina Kneisley was a national and world roller skating champion in pairs and ladies freestyle, and Scott Duncan was a WUSA National Champion in wrestling. Most of Marion is served by the Marion City School District , which enrolls 4,242 students in public primary and secondary schools, as of the 2022–23 school year, and the district's average testing ranking is 3/10, which
6864-500: The early to mid sixties. There are several web pages on the internet concerning this tombstone. The Receiving Vault. The Marion Cemetery Receiving Vault is a funerary structure in the main cemetery of Marion, Ohio, United States. Constructed in the 1870s, this receiving vault originally fulfilled the normal purposes of such structures, but it gained prominence as the semipermanent resting place of Marion's most prominent citizen, U.S. President Warren G. Harding . The Oorang Indians ,
6968-456: The event Thomas called for a cease-fire in Vietnam and read birthday telegrams from Hubert Humphrey , Earl Warren , and Martin Luther King Jr. He also received a check for $ 17,500 (equivalent to $ 171,900 in 2023) in donations from supporters. "It won't last long," he said of the check, "because every organization I'm connected with is going bankrupt." In 1966, the conservative journalist and writer William F. Buckley, Jr chose Thomas to be
7072-400: The fraternity Phi Gamma Delta at Union College, whose chapter house was one of the first electrified residences. While serving as president of the Schenectady Board of Education, Steinmetz introduced numerous progressive reforms, including extended school hours, school meals, school nurses , special classes for the children of immigrants, and the distribution of free textbooks. Steinmetz
7176-435: The great-grandfather of writer Louisa Thomas . A plaque in the Norman Thomas '05 Library reads: Norman M. Thomas, class of 1905. "I am not the champion of lost causes, but the champion of causes not yet won." Marion, Ohio Marion is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Ohio , United States. It is located in north-central Ohio, approximately 50 miles (80 km) north of Columbus . The population
7280-680: The highest technical recognitions given by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers professional society. Steinmetz was born Karl August Rudolph Steinmetz on April 9, 1865, in Breslau , Province of Silesia , Prussia (now Wrocław , Poland ) the son of Caroline (Neubert) and Karl Heinrich Steinmetz. He was baptized as a Lutheran into the Evangelical Church of Prussia . Steinmetz, who stood only 4 ft 0 in (1.22 m) tall as an adult, had dwarfism , hunchback , and hip dysplasia , as did his father and grandfather. Steinmetz graduated with honors from St. John's Gymnasium in 1882. Following Gymnasium, Steinmetz studied at
7384-500: The home and lived there for 30 years before his election to the presidency. Like James A. Garfield , an earlier U.S. president from Ohio, Harding conducted his election campaign mainly from the house's expansive front porch. During the 3-month front porch campaign, over 600,000 people traveled to the Harding Home to listen to the candidate speak. Harding paid $ 1,000 to have a Sears catalog house built behind his home so newspaper reporters had workspace to type their stories. The press house
7488-662: The leading voice of liberal Christian social activism of its day. In 1921, Thomas moved to secular journalism when he was employed as associate editor of The Nation magazine. In 1922 he became co-director of the League for Industrial Democracy . Later, he was one of the founders of the National Civil Liberties Bureau , the precursor of the American Civil Liberties Union . Thomas ran for office five times in quick succession on
7592-405: The little-known minister from New York with oratorial skills and a pedigree in the movement became the choice of the 1928 National Convention of the Socialist Party. The 1928 campaign was the first of Thomas's six consecutive campaigns as the presidential nominee of the Socialist Party. As an articulate and engaging spokesman for democratic socialism , Thomas had considerably greater influence than
7696-477: The ministry until 1931, after his mother's death. It was Thomas's position as a conscientious objector that drew him to the Socialist Party of America (SPA), a staunchly antimilitarist organization. When SPA leader Morris Hillquit made his campaign for mayor of New York in 1917 on an antiwar platform, Thomas wrote to him expressing his good wishes. To his surprise, Hillquit wrote back, encouraging
7800-413: The officers prepared to expel him from the city, Thomas quipped, "So this is Jersey justice". People across the political spectrum, including the 1932 and 1936 Republican presidential nominees, Herbert Hoover and Alfred M. Landon , criticized Hague for his suppression of free speech and Roosevelt for his silence about the incident. Thomas and Landon became good friends as a result of the incident. Thomas
7904-457: The organization at this time, this action earned the lasting enmity of Hillquit's New York-based allies of the so-called "Old Guard" . The diplomatic party peacemaker Hillquit died of tuberculosis the following year, lessening the stability of his faction. At the 1934 National Convention of the Socialist Party, Thomas's connection with the Militants deepened when he backed a radical Declaration of Principles authored by his longtime associate from
8008-443: The population. There were 12,868 households, of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.0% were married couples living together, 17.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 36.5% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
8112-410: The population. There were 13,551 households, out of which 31.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.3% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and
8216-454: The poverty line. In the survey, residents self-identified with various ethnic ancestries. People of German descent made up 20.7% of the population of the town, followed by English at 13.3%, Irish at 12.7%, American at 9.2%, Italian at 2.7%, Scottish at 2.1%, Dutch at 1.7%, Welsh at 1.7%, French at 1.7%, Polish at 1.3%, Sub-Saharan African at 0.7%, Scotch-Irish at 0.7%, Arab at 0.5%, and Hungarian at 0.5%. As of
8320-537: The prospect of a more harmonious life with his socialist friends and supporters than the stressful domestic circumstances of his father's household. Faced with an expiring visa, he emigrated to the United States in 1889. He changed his first name to "Charles" to sound more American, and chose the middle name " Proteus ", a wise hunchbacked character from the Odyssey who knew many secrets, after an epithet bestowed upon him by his college fraternity brothers. Steinmetz
8424-701: The radical pacifist journal The World Tomorrow , Devere Allen . The Militants swept to majority control of the party's governing National Executive Committee at this gathering, and the Old Guard retreated to their New York fortress and formalized their factional organization as the Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party , complete with a shadow Provisional Executive Committee and an office in New York City. Thomas favored work to establish
8528-598: The same terms as Mr. Roosevelt". In testimony to Congress in January 1941 he opposed the proposed Lend Lease program of sending military supplies to Great Britain, calling it "a bill to authorize undeclared war in the name of peace, and dictatorship in the name of defending democracy". He said that the survival of the British Empire was not vital to the security of the United States, but added that he favored helping Britain to defend herself against aggression. After
8632-429: The scientific community and numerous awards and honors both during his life and posthumously. Steinmetz's equation , derived from his experiments, defines the approximate heat energy due to magnetic hysteresis released, per cycle per unit volume of magnetic material. A Steinmetz solid is the solid body generated by the intersection of two or three cylinders of equal radius at right angles. Steinmetz' equivalent circuit
8736-512: The second Eugene V. Debs Award for his work in promoting world peace. In 1910, Thomas married Frances Violet Stewart (1881–1947), the granddaughter of John Aikman Stewart , financial adviser to Presidents Lincoln and Cleveland , and a trustee of Princeton for many years. Together, they had three daughters and two sons: Thomas died at the age of 84 on December 19, 1968, at a nursing home in Huntington, New York . Pursuant to his wishes, he
8840-472: The sediments it carried. Two small glacial lake plains are located to the west of the city. The county has gently rolling moraine hills left from the retreating glaciers. Because of the glacial action, the soils are highly productive for agriculture. The soils are blount, pewamo and glynwood. The city is located about 50 miles (80 km) north of Ohio 's capital city, Columbus , due north along U.S. Route 23 . Marion occupies most of Marion Township , which
8944-617: The seminary and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1911. After assisting the Rev. Henry Van Dyke at the fashionable Brick Presbyterian Church on Manhattan 's Fifth Avenue , Thomas was appointed pastor of the East Harlem Presbyterian Church, ministering to Italian-American Protestants. Union Theological Seminary had been at that time a center of the Social Gospel movement and liberal politics, and as
9048-529: The third guest on Buckley's new television interview show, Firing Line . In 1968, Thomas signed the " Writers and Editors War Tax Protest " pledge, vowing to refuse tax payments in protest against the Vietnam War . Also in 1966, Thomas traveled to the Dominican Republic along with future Congressman Allard K. Lowenstein to observe that country's general election . The two were leaders of
9152-524: The time of his death, Steinmetz held over 200 patents. A genius in both mathematics and electronics, he did work that earned him the nicknames "Forger of Thunderbolts" and "The Wizard of Schenectady". Steinmetz's equation , Steinmetz solids , Steinmetz curves , and Steinmetz equivalent circuit are all named after him, as are numerous honors and scholarships, including the IEEE Charles Proteus Steinmetz Award , one of
9256-755: The typical perennial candidate . Although most upper- and middle-class Americans found socialism unsavory, the well-educated Thomas—who often wore three-piece suits and looked and talked like a president—gained grudging admiration. Thomas frequently spoke on the difference between socialism, the movement he represented, and communism and revolutionary Marxism . His early admiration for the Russian Revolution had turned into energetic anti-Stalinism . (Some revolutionaries thought him no better; Leon Trotsky criticized Thomas on more than one occasion.) He wrote several books, among them his passionate defense of World War I conscientious objectors , Is Conscience
9360-520: The year when the theatre would be otherwise dark, non-equity amateur theater musicals, community band concerts and high school productions are presented on the main stage and in the smaller May Pavilion. The theatre also exhibits current motion pictures. Heritage Hall & the Old Post Office The Old U.S. Post Office (Marion, Ohio) was built in 1910. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places (1990). The building
9464-488: The young minister to work for his campaign, which Thomas energetically did. Soon thereafter he himself joined the Socialist Party. Thomas was a Christian socialist . Thomas was the secretary (then an unpaid position) of the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation even before the war. When the organization started a magazine called The World Tomorrow in January 1918, Thomas was employed as its paid editor. Together with Devere Allen , Thomas helped to make The World Tomorrow
9568-596: The youngsters, entertaining them with fantastic stories and spectacular scientific demonstrations. The unusual, harmonious living arrangement lasted for the rest of Steinmetz's life. Steinmetz founded America's first glider club, but none of its prototypes "could be dignified with the term 'flight ' ". Steinmetz was a lifelong agnostic . He died on October 26, 1923, and was buried in Vale Cemetery in Schenectady . Steinmetz earned wide recognition among
9672-404: Was $ 33,124, and the median income for a family was $ 40,000. Males had a median income of $ 31,126 versus $ 22,211 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 16,247. About 10.9% of families and 13.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 20.2% of those under age 18 and 6.9% of those age 65 or over. While Marion and the surrounding area is generally rural, manufacturing
9776-440: Was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 22.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.7% were from 25 to 44; 26.6% were from 45 to 64; and 12.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 54.9% male and 45.1% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 35,318 people, 13,551 households, and 8,821 families residing in
9880-557: Was 35,999 at the 2020 census , down slightly from 36,837 at the 2010 census . It is the largest city in Marion County and the principal city of the Marion micropolitan area . It is also part of the larger Columbus–Marion–Zanesville, OH Combined Statistical Area . President Warren G. Harding , a former owner of the Marion Star , was a resident of Marion for much of his adult life and is buried at Harding Tomb . The city and its development were closely related to industrialist Edward Huber and his extensive business interests. The city
9984-467: Was affected by kyphosis , as were his father and grandfather. In spite of his love for children and family life, Steinmetz remained unmarried, to prevent his spinal deformity from being passed to any offspring. When Joseph LeRoy Hayden, a loyal and hardworking lab assistant, announced that he would marry and look for his own living quarters, Steinmetz made the unusual proposal of opening his large home, complete with research lab, greenhouse , and office to
10088-491: Was an American mathematician and electrical engineer and professor at Union College . He fostered the development of alternating current that made possible the expansion of the electric power industry in the United States, formulating mathematical theories for engineers. He made ground-breaking discoveries in the understanding of hysteresis that enabled engineers to design better electromagnetic apparatus equipment , especially electric motors for use in industry. At
10192-537: Was bought by the newly formed General Electric Company, where Steinmetz quickly became known as the engineering wizard in GE's engineering community. Steinmetz's work revolutionized AC circuit theory and analysis , which had been carried out using complicated, time-consuming calculus -based methods. In the groundbreaking paper, "Complex Quantities and Their Use in Electrical Engineering", presented at
10296-636: Was cremated and his ashes were scattered on Long Island . The Norman Thomas High School (formerly known as Central Commercial High School) in Manhattan and the Norman Thomas '05 Library at Princeton University 's Forbes College are named after him, as is the assembly hall at the Three Arrows Cooperative Society , where he was a frequent visitor. He is also the grandfather of Newsweek columnist Evan Thomas and
10400-602: Was home to numerous minor league baseball teams between 1900 and 1951, including the Marion Senators , Marion Presidents , Marion Cardinals and Marion Cubs . Future U.S. President Warren G. Harding was a part owner of the Marion Diggers , who played as members of the Class D level Ohio State League from 1908 to 1912. Marion has been home to numerous individual and team high school state championships. In
10504-688: Was initially as outspoken in opposing the Second World War as he had been with regard to the First World War. Upon returning from a European tour in 1937, he formed the Keep America Out of War Congress, and spoke against war, thereby sharing a platform with the non-interventionist America First Committee . In the 1940 presidential campaign he said Republican Wendell Willkie was the candidate of "the Wall Street war machine" and that he "would take us to war about as fast and about on
10608-408: Was later established at Union by Marjorie Hayden, daughter of Joseph and Corrine Hayden, and is awarded to students majoring in engineering or physics. A 1914 "Duplex Drive Brougham" Detroit Electric automobile that once belonged to Steinmetz was purchased by Union College in 1971, and restored for use in campus ceremonies. The Steinmetz car is permanent displayed in the first-floor corridor between
10712-611: Was once the main switching facility for the Erie Railroad , Marion Division. During World War II , thousands of soldiers passed through Union Station on their way to Europe. Marion is home to the Marion Popcorn Festival , an annual event that is held in downtown Marion in September, the weekend following Labor Day. The Marion County Fair is held every year in Marion during the first week of July. Saturday in
10816-651: Was politically active in the US as a technocratic socialist for over thirty years. Following the Bolshevik introduction of a technocratic plan to electrify Russia, Steinmetz spoke of Lenin alongside Albert Einstein as the "two greatest minds of our time." He believed in a corporatist industrial government also covering its human welfare function. A member of the original Technical Alliance , which also included Thorstein Veblen and Leland Olds , Steinmetz had great faith in
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