Misplaced Pages

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65-519: Most of Java's north coast road was built during the reign of governor-general Herman Willem Daendels (1808–1811) and was originally known as the Great Post Road ( Indonesian : Jalan Raya Pos Dutch : De Grote Postweg ). The Great Post Road was a military road which was built under the order of King Lodewijk Napoleon who ruled the Kingdom of Holland at that time. The road

130-548: A circle in their palms or just coloring the fingertips. The older men might do those simple designs as well, but it is not that common. Henna is a "woman's" thing in Afghanistan when it comes to doing designs on their hands and feet. At night, multiple campfires are set around houses, sometimes to the point that entire valleys may initially appear to be engulfed in flame. Celebratory fire with automatic rifles, particularly tracer rounds, can also be expected in high density. Eid

195-584: A former governor-general. From 1815 to 1848 the ministry was under direct authority of the Dutch monarch. In the 20th century the colony gradually developed as a state distinct from the Dutch metropole with treasury separated in 1903, public loans being contracted by the colony from 1913, and quasi-diplomatic ties were established with Arabia to manage the Haji pilgrimage from the Dutch East Indies. In 1922

260-575: A range of 20,000 to 70,000 vehicles daily. The state of the road varies in condition, which can seriously affect traffic-flow. The North Coast Road is a major artery during the celebration of the Lebaran holiday, where transit is primarily west to east. Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies The governor-general of the Dutch East Indies ( Dutch : Gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands Indië ) represented Dutch rule in

325-644: A small portion of the population were able to vote for its members. The council comprised 30 indigenous members, 25 European and 5 from Chinese and other populations, and was reconstituted every four years. In 1925 the Volksraad was made a semilegislative body; and the governor-general was expected to consult the Volksraad on major issues. Hari Raya Aidilfitri Eid al-Fitr ( / ˌ iː d əl ˈ f ɪ t ər , - t r ə / EED əl FIT -ər, -⁠rə ; Arabic : عيد الفطر , romanized :  ʿĪd al-Fiṭr , IPA: [ʕiːd al ˈfɪtˤr] )

390-428: Is Arabic for "Blessed Eid". As it comes after a month of fasting, sweet dishes and foods are often prepared and consumed during the celebration. Muslims typically decorate their homes, and are also encouraged to forgive each other and seek forgiveness. In countries with large Muslim populations, it is normally a public holiday with most schools and businesses closed for the day. Practices differ by country and region. In

455-449: Is a national holiday. In Kyrgyzstan the day is known as Orozo Ait ( Kyrgyz : Орозо айт ). The local population celebrate in various ways such as by partying, eating and singing. Festivals often feature long distance horse racing and other horse-based sports. People would tend to wear fancy and bright clothes, while people would sing Jaramazan tunes and receive cooked bread, candy or cash in return. Ramazon Hayit or Roʻza hayiti

520-440: Is a popular meal during Eid al-Fitr in Afghanistan. On the day of Eid al-Fitr, Afghans will first offer their Eid prayers and then gather in their homes with their families, greeting one another by saying " Eid Mubarak " and usually adding " Eidet Mobarak Roza wa Namazet Qabool Dakhel Hajiha wa Ghaziha, " which means "Happy Eid to you; may your fasting and prayers be accepted by God, and may you be counted among those who will go to

585-563: Is a public holiday in India . The holiday begins after the sighting of the new moon on Chand Raat . On that evening, people head to markets to finish their shopping for Eid, for clothing and gifts, and begin preparing their food for the next day. Traditional Eid food often includes biriyani , sheer khurma , and sivayyan , a dish of fine, toasted sweet vermicelli noodles with milk and dried fruit, among other regionally-specific dishes. Women and girls also put henna on each others' hands. In

650-596: Is a public holiday in Uzbekistan and widely celebrated. Traditional pastry such as kush-tili, plov and chak-chak are prepared by Uzbek families the day before Eid al-Fitr for consumption. Businesses tend to sell a high range of candies and children's toys during this period. Known as Oraza Ait (Ораза айт) Kazakh Muslims tend to visit each other during the celebration and handing out fried doughnuts such as baursaki to others. However mutton, soup, tea and kymyz (horse milk) are also popular food and drinks during

715-471: Is celebrated for one to three days, depending on the country. It is forbidden to fast on the Day of Eid, and a specific prayer is nominated for this day. As an obligatory act of charity, money is paid to the poor and the needy ( zakat al-Fitr ) before performing the 'Eid prayer. The Eid prayer is performed by the congregation in an open area such as a field, community center, or mosque. No call to prayer

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780-421: Is given for this Eid prayer, and it consists of only two rakaʿāt , with a variable amount of takbirs and other prayer elements depending on the branch of Islam observed. The Eid prayer is followed by the khutbah and then a dua asking for God's forgiveness, mercy, peace and blessings for all living beings across the world. The sermon also instructs Muslims as to the performance of rituals of Eid, such as

845-540: Is open to any vehicle. The road connects the largest cities in Java, including Jakarta , Cilegon , Tangerang , Bekasi , Cirebon , Tegal , Pekalongan , Semarang , Rembang , Tuban , Surabaya , Pasuruan , Probolinggo and Banyuwangi . The traffic of North Coast Road is gradually easing by the Trans-Java toll road and its complement toll roads. This road is a major route for land transportation, being used by

910-408: Is popular for locals to buy new clothing, while women would shop for handbags, necklaces and other clothing. For some youngsters Eid nights involve dancing at a club. Children would receive coins of money from locals. In Cape Town , hundreds of Muslims—each with something to share with others at the time of the breaking of the fast—gather at Green Point in the evening of the last day of Ramadan for

975-532: Is recited. Then, the Imam recites Sūrat al-Fātiḥah and Surat Al-'A`lá and the congregation performs Ruku and Sujud as in other prayers. In the second Rakat , the same above steps (five Takbeers, Sūrat al-Fātiḥah and Surat Al-'A`lá, Ruku and Sujud ) are repeated. After the prayer, Khutbah starts. During the Eid celebration, Muslims greet each other by saying 'Eid Mubarak' , which

1040-527: Is the earlier of the two official holidays celebrated within Islam (the other being Eid al-Adha ). Eid al-Fitr is celebrated by Muslims worldwide because it marks the end of the month-long dawn-to-dusk fasting of Ramadan . Eid al-Fitr falls on the first day of Shawwal in the Islamic calendar ; this does not always fall on the same Gregorian day , as the start of any lunar Hijri month varies based on when

1105-475: Is the preferred snack during Eid celebrations. In modern times, supermarkets, corporates, and malls compete to attract children during this time via advertising in newspapers and on TV, and by offering special promotions and arranging closed Gargee'an events to market themselves. After the Eid al-Fitr prayer, the people of Jerusalem will decorate the courtyards of the al-Aqsa Mosque with toys for children who come from all Palestinian areas to participate in

1170-508: Is typically marked by a one- or two-day national holiday. Egyptians spend the first day of Eid al-Fitr to gather all family members and celebrate the Eid at public gardens. And also offers Eid Prayers in the Morning at their Local times, which are not same in different areas. Same as Cairo Salah time is not same to Alexandria. It is customary for children to also receive an Eidi , a small sum of money to be spent on activities throughout

1235-537: Is widely called Korité in Senegal and elsewhere across West Africa . It is a national holiday, celebrated for three days, with families normally having new clothes made for the holiday. Gifts and donations are normally exchanged. In the Ivory Coast , Eid is a large feast among Muslims. The celebration lasts between two and ten days depending on region. In Tajikistan the holiday is known as Idi Ramazon and

1300-426: The zakāt . The sermon of Eid takes place after the Eid prayer, unlike Friday prayer which comes first before prayer. Some imams believe that listening to the sermon at Eid is optional. After the prayers, Muslims visit their relatives, friends, and acquaintances or hold large communal celebrations in homes, community centers, or rented halls. As ritual dictates, Sunnis praise God in a loud voice while going to

1365-743: The Arab states of the Persian Gulf countries , men would typically buy new Kandora (traditional white long robe) or dye their existing Kandoras with walnut oil . Women would wear special clothes for the occasion along with special perfumes and braids. Most majlises would offer fruits, dates , tea or coffee to visitors. Those who live in rural areas tend to celebrate more modestly. Buildings, shops, roads and houses in UAE cities get decorated in bright festive lights. Many shows such as theatres would also occur. In Bahrain , families often celebrate

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1430-677: The Dutch East Indies between 1610 and Dutch recognition of the independence of Indonesia in 1949. The first governors-general were appointed by the Dutch East India Company (VOC). After the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, the territorial possessions of the VOC were nationalised under the Dutch government as the Dutch East Indies, a colony of the Netherlands . Governors-general were now appointed by either

1495-649: The Beirut waterfront. Other activities include art exhibitions. Ma'amoul and Kahk are popular cookie treats baked and consumed during Eid in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. In Iraq, kleicha (the traditional snack) and lamb are popular foods. The Iraqi Kurds tend to visit cemeteries to remember their lost ones one day before the festival. After the prayers, Iraqi Kurdish families would gather together for large breakfasts of rice and stew, as well as candies, nuts and caffeinated beverages. In Iran , where

1560-466: The Dutch Empire and monarch and was the most influential party in the colony. Until 1815 the governor-general had the absolute right to ban, censor or restrict any publication in the colony. The so-called exorbitant powers of the governor-general allowed him to exile anyone regarded as subversive and dangerous to peace and order, without involving any court of law. Until 1848 the governor-general

1625-516: The Dutch monarch or the Dutch government. During the Dutch East Indies era most governors-general were expatriate Dutchmen, while during the earlier VOC era most governors-general became settlers who stayed and died in the East Indies. Under the period of British control (1811–1816) , the equivalent position was the lieutenant-governor , of whom the most notable is Thomas Stamford Raffles . Between 1942 and 1945, while Hubertus Johannes van Mook

1690-470: The Eid al-Fitr prayer rituals. Many Palestinians go out to visit the families of Palestinian prisoners in Israel , visit the prisons themselves, and visit graves to lay wreaths on them. Palestinians and Jordanians decorate their homes and prepare sumptuous meals for family and friends. They prepare new clothes and shoes for the festival. Eid festivities in Palestine and Jordan may vary culturally depending on

1755-475: The Eid prayer in Eidgah . Children do "Salam" by touching the feet of the elderly members of the family. And elders give them a small amount of money which is known as "Salami" or " Eidi ", which is a major part of Eid happiness for children. Bengali dishes which are rich in flavor like Biryani , Polao , Pitha , Kabab , Korma , Chingri Malaikari , Shorshe Ilish , Payesh , Shirni , Halwa etc. are served by

1820-422: The Eid prayer: Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar, Allāhu Akbar. Lā ilāha illà l-Lāh. Allāhu Akbar, Allahu akbar, wa-li-l-Lāh al-ḥamd Recitation ceases when they get to the place of Eid or once the Imam commences activities. The prayer starts by doing niyyah "intention" for the prayer before the takbir is said by the imam . Next, the takbir al- ihram is performed, by saying takbir three times, raising hands to

1885-761: The Eid. Egyptians like to celebrate with others, so the streets are always crowded during the days and nights of Eid. Eid is popularly known as Small Sallah in Nigeria . During the day, people generally greet each other by saying Barka Da Sallah, which when translated means "Greetings on Sallah" in the Hausa language . The celebrations last as long as 3 days. Tunisia celebrates Eid for three days (with preparations starting several days earlier), two of which are national holidays. Special Sweets and biscuits, including Baklava and several kinds of " ka'ak ", marzipan , cookies are made or bought to give to friends and relatives on

1950-480: The French petit four ), and popcorn are baked in large batches to serve to guests and to give to family and friends; dressy Eid clothes are either shopped for or sewn; girls and women decorate their hands and feet with henna ; and parts of the house may even be painted. The night before Eid, the whole household partakes in cleaning the house and yard and setting out the finest bedsheets, table cloths, and decorations. On

2015-617: The Hajj-pilgrimage." Family elders will give money and gifts to children. It is also common practice to visit families and friends, which may be difficult to do at other times of the year. Children walk from home to home saying " Khala Eidet Mubarak " ("aunt happy Eid"), and they receive cookies or Pala . Young girls and women apply henna "tattoo"s on their hands and feet. The older women while applying it too, don't do very complicated designs. The boys and young men in some communities might apply it as well but, with very simple designs like

North Coast Road (Java) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-550: The North Coast Road are going to be part of the 13,177 km [REDACTED] AH2 route of the Asian Highway Network route, which links Denpasar , Bali with Khosravi , Iran , since some of the [REDACTED] AH2 is still under construction. [REDACTED] AH2 is a freeway limited to vehicles having at least 4 wheels. The North Coast Road also comprises [REDACTED] National 1 , which

2145-490: The Preanger (Priangan, West Java ) highlands, from Meester Cornelis (Jatinegara) going south to Buitenzorg ( Bogor ), and going east to Cianjur , Bandung , Sumedang , and Cirebon . The current north coast road runs through coastal northern West Java which was built later after the construction of Daendels' post road. It connects Bekasi , Karawang , Pamanukan, and Cirebon. Most of the current national road network in Java

2210-593: The bank of a river or under a big banyan tree near the local bazaar. The tradition of Eid procession can be traced back to the Mughal era of Old Dhaka. Bangladesh has the biggest Eidgah, the Gor-E-Shahid Eidgah Maidan . The Dhanmondi Shahi Eidgah is a listed archaeological site of the Department of Archaeology and has historical, architectural and heritage values. Sholakia holds the record of

2275-594: The celebration of Eid al-Fitr. According to certain ahadith , these festivals were initiated in Medina after the migration of Muhammad from Mecca . Anas ibn Malik , a companion of Muhammad , narrated that when Muhammad arrived in Medina, he found people celebrating two specific days in which they entertained themselves with recreation. Muhammad then remarked that God had fixed two mandatory days of festivity: Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha . Eid al-Fitr begins at sunset on

2340-581: The children. Sri Lankan Muslims like to eat watalappam , falooda , samosa , gulab jamun , sheerkurma , oil cake and other national and regional dishes. In Bangladesh Eid is celebrated with great pomp and festivities. The preparation for Eid in Bangladesh starts from the last quarter of the holy month of Ramadan . The markets and shopping malls become overwhelmed with people. Those who live away from their families for their job or livelihood, they return to their home towns and villages to celebrate

2405-572: The colony came on equal footing with the Netherlands in the Dutch constitution, while remaining under the Ministry of Colonies. During the tenure of governors-general who were proponents of the ethical policy a people's council called the Volksraad for the Dutch East Indies was installed in 1918. The Volksraad , an infant form of democratic council, was limited to an advisory role and only

2470-417: The day of Eid, men and boys (and occasionally women and girls) will attend the Eid prayer. For the next 3 days, families will then visit each other, extended family, neighbors, and close friends. In these short visits, the baked goods, chocolates, and sweets are served, and often large lunches are prepared for the visiting well-wishers. Children are given gifts, either in the form of toys or money. The holiday

2535-870: The day. kids receive gifts from parents and elderly relatives, usually money or even toys. They also invite close friends and relatives for the Eid dinner. After Eid dinner people love to sing and dance. In Somalia and other Islamic parts of the Horn region , Eid al-Fitr is observed by the Muslim communities. Celebrations marking the event are typically accompanied by elaborate banquets, where special dishes such as xalwo (halwo) and buskut (buskuit) are served. Muslims in Tanzania celebrate Eid al-Fitr, when they normally dress in fine clothes and decorate their homes with lights. Special foods are prepared and shared with family and visitors, while children receive gifts. In Zanzibar it

2600-419: The ears and dropping them each time, except for the last when the hands are folded. The Imam then reads al-Fatihah , followed by another surah. The congregation performs ruku and sujud . This completes the first rak'ah . The congregation rises and folds their hands for the second rak'ah, after which the imam recites al-Fatiha followed by another surah. After this, three takbirs are called out just before

2665-604: The east, but was later extended to Banyuwangi . In its current form the North Coast Road runs through five provinces : Banten , DKI Jakarta , West Java , Central Java and East Java . The port of Merak forms the western terminus, connecting with Bakauheni in Sumatra , the southern end of the Trans-Sumatran Highway . The eastern end is situated at Ketapang with connections to Gilimanuk in Bali . Sections of

North Coast Road (Java) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-530: The festival with an eid dinner consisting of quzi or machboos rice dishes, while popular sweets include halwa or khanfroosh (see Bahraini cuisine ). Men typically wear thawbs and women wear abayas , the latter also painting henna on their hands or feet. Saudis decorate their homes and prepare sumptuous meals for family and friends. They prepare new clothes and shoes for the festival. Eid festivities in Saudi Arabia may vary culturally depending on

2795-625: The festival with family members and relatives. In the Chaand Raat children gather at the open field to see the Hilal (crescent moon) of the month of Shawwal . In the occasion of Chand Raat, Bangladesh Television plays the popular Bengali Eid song, O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe . Children makes and exchanges Eid cards. Girls decorate their hands with Mehndi . The Bengali sweet dish, Shemai ( Vermicelli ) are served with Roti or Paratha or Luchi as breakfast in Bangladesh . Then people attend

2860-484: The first rakat at the end of Tilawa , before rukūʿ , and five in the second. Depending on the juristic opinion of the locality, this salat is either farḍ ( فرض , obligatory) or mustaḥabb (strongly recommended). After the salat , Muslims celebrate the Eid al-Fitr in various ways with food being a central theme, which also gives the holiday the nickname "Sweet Eid" or "Sugar Feast". According to Muslim tradition, Muhammad instituted

2925-646: The following morning, Muslims go to their local mosque or Eidgah for Eid Namaz and give Eid zakat before returning home. Afterwards, children are given Eidi (cash gifts) and friends and relatives visit each other's homes to eat and celebrate. In Pakistan , Eid al-Fitr is also referred to as 'the Lesser Eid' ( Urdu : چھوٹی عید , chhoṭī īd , Punjabi : نکی عید , nikkī īd ) or 'Sweet Eid' ( Urdu : میٹھی عید , mīṭhī īd , Punjabi : مٹھی عید , miṭṭhī īd ). People are supposed to give obligatory charity on behalf of each of their family members to

2990-456: The governor-general . During the Dutch East Indies era the governor-general functioned as colonial chief executive, president of colonial government, as well as commander-in-chief of the colonial ( KNIL ) army. Until 1903 all government officials and organisations were formal agents of the governor-general and entirely dependent on the central administration of the office of the governor-general for their budgets. A governor-general represented

3055-531: The hands to the ears whilst reciting the Takbir , saying "Allāhu ʾAkbar", meaning "God is the greatest"). In the Hanafi school of Sunni Islam , there are three Takbirs at the start of the first rakat and three just before rukūʿ in the second rakat . Other Sunni schools usually have 12 Takbirs , similarly split in groups of seven and five. In Shia Islam , the salat has six Takbirs in

3120-831: The holiday. In the predominantly Sunni Muslim culture of Afghanistan , Eid al-Fitr holds significant importance and is celebrated widely for three days. It popularly involves special festivities for children and the youngest members of families. The most common greeting is Akhtar mo Mubarak sha (Eid Mubarak) in the Pashto -speaking community. Afghans start preparing for the Eid al-Fitr festival up to ten days prior by cleaning their homes (called Khana Takani in Dari ). Afghans visit their local bazaars to buy new clothes, sweets, and snacks including Jalebi , Shor-Nakhod (made with chickpeas), Cake wa Kolcha (a simple cake, similar to pound cake). The traditional Bolani (vegetarian flatbreads)

3185-532: The largest Eid congregation in the world. On the second day of Eid, the longest running magazine show Ityadi airs in Bangladesh Television. The show celebrates the rich Bengali culture and brings education into light. In rural Bengal, folk sports competitions are organised on this occasion of Eid to create festive atmosphere. Eid is a national holiday in Nepal. Nepalese Muslims often consume

3250-564: The needy or poor before Eid day or, at most, before the Eid prayer, allowing for all to share in the joy of Eid. At home, family members enjoy a special Eid breakfast with various types of sweets and desserts, including Kheer and the traditional dessert Sheer Khurma , which is made of vermicelli, milk, butter, dry fruits, and dates. Eid is especially enjoyed by the kids, as they receive money in cash called " Eidi " as gift from their relatives and elders. People tend to get fresh currency notes issued by State Bank of Pakistan with which they give to

3315-677: The new moon is sighted by local religious authorities. The holiday is known under various other names in different languages and countries around the world. The day is also known as the First Eid or as the Lesser Eid (Arabic: العيد الصغير , romanized:  al-ʿĪd al-Ṣaghīr ) by some Muslim communities. Eid al-Fitr has a particular salah that consists of two rakats generally performed in an open field or large hall. It may only be performed in congregation ( jamāʿat ) and features seven additional Takbirs (raising of

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3380-478: The night before with chanting the Takbir and lighting lamps. On the day itself, before Eid prayer in the morning, zakat alms for the poor are distributed in the mosques. People gather with family and neighbors in traditional clothing and have a special Lebaran meal. Children are given money in colourful envelopes. Later, it is common for Muslims in Indonesia to visit the graves of relatives to ritually clean

3445-412: The night of the first sighting of the crescent moon. The night on which the moon is sighted is celebrated as Chand Raat in countries like Bangladesh . If the moon is not observed immediately after the 29th day of the previous lunar month (either because clouds block its view or because the western sky is still too bright when the moon sets), then the holiday is celebrated the following day. Eid al-Fitr

3510-570: The north, musicians play Andalusian music accompanied by fast clapping. Eid is an important event for Muslims in Ethiopia , who form the largest Muslim community in East Africa. In Sudan , where 97% of the population is Muslim, preparations for Eid begin the last few days of Ramadan. For days, ka'ak (sugar powdered cookies), bettifour (dry baked goods including dainty biscuits, baked meringues and macaroons—whose name are derived from

3575-572: The occasion is known as Eid-e-Fitr (Persian: عید فطر ), several groups of experts representing the office of Ayatollah Khamenei go to the different zones of the country at the last days of Ramadan to determine the date of Eid. Iranian Muslims take part in the Eid al-Fitr prayer and pay the Zakat al-Fitr . The Eid al-Fitr prayer, and the following sermon, has been led by Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran , at Tehran 's Grand Mosalla mosque of Tehran ( Mossalla ). The celebration

3640-627: The popular Nepalese dessert sewai (vermicelli pudding) to mark the occasion. It is commemorated throughout the country with large prayers, dinners and social celebrations. Celebration in the Maldives include cultural performances such as fire performances. Eid is known in Indonesia as Hari Raya Idul Fitri, or more popularly as Lebaran , and is a national holiday . People return to their home town or city (an exodus known as mudik ) to celebrate with their families and to ask forgiveness from parents, in-laws, and other elders. Festivities start

3705-526: The region, but one common thread in all celebrations is generosity and hospitality. It is a common Palestinian Jordanian tradition for families to gather at the patriarchal home after the Eid prayers. Before the special Eid meal is served, young children will line up in front of each adult family member, who dispense money as gifts to the children. Jordanians also hang fanous or "Eid lanterns". In Lebanon , many concerts take place during Eid al-Fitr by Lebanese and other Arab superstars. Musicians also perform on

3770-559: The region, but one common thread in all celebrations is generosity and hospitality. It is a common Saudi tradition for families to gather at the patriarchal home after the Eid prayers. Before the special Eid meal is served, young children will line up in front of each adult family member, who dispense money as gifts to the children. Omanis would typically eat foods such as shuwa (slow-cooked lamb) with coffee (see Omani cuisine ). In some places such as Ibri , folklore songs and traditional dancing are often performed. In Yemen, Bint al-sahn

3835-463: The ruku, each time raising hands to the ears and dropping them. For the fourth time, the congregation says Allahu Akbar and subsequently goes into the ruku. The rest of the prayer is completed regularly. This completes the Eid prayer. After the prayer, there is a khutbah. The prayer starts with the Niyyat followed by five Takbirs . During every Takbir of the first rakat , a special Dua

3900-406: The sighting of the moon. The Maghrib (sunset) prayer is then performed in congregation and the formal moon-sighting results are announced thereafter. Eid es-Seghir is the name of Eid al-Fitr among Moroccans . Many families have a tradition of buying new clothes for their children during the holiday. Common food choices for eid dinner include couscous , lamb or beef brochettes and others. In

3965-490: The women. In rural Bengal, unmarried Bengali girls would draw butterflies on the pithas, which has long been recognised by the Bengalis as a symbol of marriage. Wealthy Muslims in Bangladesh also distribute Zakat alms to the poor people. People visit the house of relatives, neighbour, and friends and greet each other saying " Eid Mubarak " (Happy Eid). People visits Eid fairs to enjoy the occasion. The fairs are arranged on

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4030-523: Was built during the Dutch East Indies era. However, during the Suharto era around the 1980s, the toll road network system was introduced within the Java transportation network. The Java toll network highway has been continuously expanded, and today some of these toll roads forms Java north coast road. As the Great Post Road, it originally ran from Anyer in the west of Java to Panarukan in

4095-620: Was directly appointed by the Dutch monarch, and in later years via the crown on advice of the Dutch metropolitan cabinet. During two periods (1815–1835 and 1854–1925) the governor-general ruled jointly with an advisory board called the Raad van Indie (Indies Council), which were jointly referred to as the high government . Overall colonial policy and strategy were the responsibility of the Ministry of Colonies based in The Hague , often headed by

4160-415: Was intended to ease military support, e.g. transfer of soldiers, in order to defend Java from a possible British invasion. It connects Anyer in its western end and Panarukan in the eastern end of Java. After the reign of Daendels, the eastern road was later extended to Banyuwangi . The Java Great Post Road consists of most of the present Java North Coast Road. However, the original post road runs through

4225-402: Was the nominal governor-general, the area was under Japanese control, and was governed by a two sequence of governors, in Java and Sumatra. After 1948 in negotiations for independence, the equivalent position was named high commissioner of the crown in the Dutch East Indies . Since the VOC era, the highest Dutch authority in the colonial possessions of the East Indies resided with the office of

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